(Non) Commutative Ricci Flows of Fedosov-Finsler Spaces and Quantum Gravity

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(Non)Commutative Ricci Flows, FedosovFinsler & Quantum Gravity

(Non) Commutative Ricci Flows of


FedosovFinsler Spaces
and Quantum Gravity

(survey & new results)

Sergiu I. Vacaru

Science Department
University Al. I. Cuza, Iasi, Romania

WAGP 2010
Workshop on Algebraic Geometry and Physics
June 711, 2010; Saint Jean de Monts, France

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Differential & Finsler Geometry, Iasi, Romania


Research group Geometry & Applications in Physics
100 years traditions on mathematics and applications;
originating from supervision and collaborations by/with
D. Hilbert, T. LeviCivita and E. Cartan of PhD
of some prominent members of Romanian Academy.
E. Cartan visit at Iasi in 1931 induced 80 years of research
on Finsler/integral geometry etc, isolation after 1944;
JapaneseFinsler geometry orientation after 1968
Alexandru Myller (18791965), PhD1906: D. Hilbert
(chair/adviser) and F. Klein, H. Minkowski (commission).
Gheorghe Vranceanu (19001979), PhD-1924, from
LeviCivita, commission head: Volterra; 1927-28,
Rockefeller scholarship for France, E. Cartan, and USA at
Harvard & Princeton (Morse, Birkhoff, Veblen)
Mendel Haimovici (19061973); PhD-1933- LeviCivita.
Radu Miron (1927 - ); 28 monogr., 240 rev. MathSciNet
LagrangeFinsler, HamiltonCartan & higher order,
applications to mechanics and relativity etc.
Iasi team and Romanian Finsler diaspora: M. Anastasiei, D. Bucataru and M. Crasmareanu

(Iasi); A.Bejancu(Kuwait); D.Hrimiuc(Canada); V.Sabau(Japan); S. Vacaru

(Cernauti/Chernivtsy, Chisinau/Kishinev, Tomsk, Dubna, Moscow, Lisbon, Madrid, Toronto, Iasi)

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Abstract
Main goals: review/ new results

Almost Kahler Structures in LagrangeFinsler


geometry and Einstein and Finsler gravities
RicciLagrange / Finsler / Einstein Flows
Spectral Functionals; Nonholonomic Dirac
operators; extracting RicciFinsler flows from
Noncommutative Geometry
Ricci Flow Evolution & Fedosov Quantization
Exact Solutions in Gravity and Index Theorem
S. Vacaru, The Algebraic Index Theorem and Fedosov
Quantization of Lagrange-Finsler and Einstein Spaces,
arXiv: 1005.3647 [math-ph]

Refs, http://www.scribd.com/people/documents/1455460-sergiu-vacaru :
Concept/ coefficient form of Nconnections: E. Cartan, A. Kawaguchi, Ehressman ....
1. G. Vranceanu, Sure les espaces non holonomes. C. R. Acad. Paris 103 (1926) 852854
2. R. Miron and M. Anastasiei, The Geometry of Lagrange Spaces (Kluwer, 1994; Romanian
Academy, 1987)
3. A. Bejancu and H. R. Farran, Foliations and Geometric Structures (Springer, 2005)
4. S. Vacaru, Finsler and Lagrange geometries in Einstein and string gravity, IJGMMP,5
(2008)473-511; arXiv: 0801.4958
5. S. Vacaru, Deformation Quantization of Almost Kahler Models and Lagrange-Finsler
Spaces, JMP 48 (2007) 123509 (14 pages); arXiv: 0707.1519
6. S. Vacaru, Einstein Gravity as a Nonholonomic Almost Kahler Geometry, Lagrange-Finsler
Variables, and Deformation Quantization, accepted: JGP 60 (2010); arXiv: 0709.3609
7. M. Anastasiei and S. Vacaru, Fedosov Quantization of Lagrange-Finsler and Hamilton-
Cartan Spaces and Einstein Gravity Lifts on (Co) Tangent Bundles, JMP 50 (2009) 013510;
arXiv: 0710.3079

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I. Almost Kahler Lagrange/Finsler Structs

Geometric mechanics = nonholonomic manifold (Vranceanu, 1926):


V = (M, N ) smooth & orientable M , nonintegrable distribution N
Examples: 1) V is a (semi/pseudo) Riemannian manifold
2) V = E(M ), or = T M, is a vector, or tangent, bundle; 3) cotangent bundle, = T M
Nanholonomic manifold enabled with nonlinear connection (Nconnection) structure
N : T V = hV vV
Coordinates u = (x, y), or u = (xi , y a ); hindices: i, j, ... = 1, 2 and vindices:
a, b, ... = 3, 4; coefficients N = Nia (u) dxi y a ; particular case: Nia (u) = abi (x)y b

LagrangeFinsler geometry & Einstein gravity


Fundamental/generating Lagrange function L(x, y) :
2
L 1 L
gab = , det|gab| 6= 0.
2 y ay b
Canonical Nconnection
L i 2
L i G L i 1 L ij L k L
Nj (x, y) = , G = g ( i ky i)
y j 4 y x x
i i dxi
nonlinear geodesic equations for x ( ), y = d
d2xi L i k dx
j

2
+ 2 G (x , )=0
d d
equivalent to EulerLagrange eqs dd ( y
L L
i ) xi = 0

Fundamental Finsler function F (x, y) = F (x, y),


0 6= R, particular Lagrange geometry L = F 2
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Proposition: Nadapted (co) frames (vielbeins)




e = ei = i Ni (u) a , ea = a , e = ei = dxi , ea = dy a + Nia (u)dxi .
a
x y y

Nonholonomy: [e , e ] = e e e e = W e ; anholonomy coef. Wiab = a Nib ,

Wjia = aij , Nconnection curvature: aij = ej (Nia ) ei Nja , holonomic W = 0.

Distinguished Connection: dconnection D, a linear


connection preserving
under parallelism the Nconnect.
str. D = hD = (Lijk , Labk ); v D = (Cjci a
, Cbc )
Distinguished objects: dobjects, dtensors
dvector, X = hX + vX = hX + v X
Nadapted geometric constr.: LeviCivita is not.
Torsion: T(X, Y) + DXY DY X [X, Y],
Curvature: R(X, Y) + DXDY DY DXD[X,Y],
Ricci: Ric + {R = R = (Rij , Ria, Rai, Rab)}
Sasaki lifts for metrics in total space
L
g = Lgij (u) ei ej + Lgab(u) Lea Leb
ei = dxi, Leb = dy b + LNjb(u)dxj
0
0 L 0 0
Frame rotations: g = e e g
Theorem: Cartans dconnection cD uniquely defined
by Lgij and cD Lg = 0, hT(h, h) = vT(v, v) = 0
Remark: Anholonomic deforms: g D = g + g Z, not
RiemannCartan distortion g Z, completely defined by Lg.
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Theorem: Any Lagrange (Finsler) geometry can be


modelled equivalently as a Nanholonomic Riemann
manifold V, and inversely, with canonical fundamental
geometric objects induced by L (F ).
Almost Kahler models/variables, 2+2 splitting:
LagrangeFinsler, gravity, nonholonomic Ricci flows.
Almost complex str.: J( Lei) = ei and J(ei) = L
ei
L 1 L i
L(x, y) induces a canonical 1form = 2 y i e
L L L
& 2form (X, Y) + g(JX, Y) = gij (x, y) Lei ei
Theorem: A canonical almost Kahler model on T M of a
b = cD,
Lagrange (Finsler) space is constructed for D
b b X J = 0.
DX L = 0 and D
Psychological problem: Finsler variables can be
introduced on Riemannian manifolds via 2+2 splitting.
Remarks: 1. Almost Kahler models for a (semi)
Riemannian V of even dimensions.
2. Hamiltonian H(x, p) on T M, canonical almost
Kahler model, dconnection pairs encoding Legendre
transforms and symplectomorphysms.
3. Translator of geometries:
b
(g, ) ( Lg, LN, cD) ( L, N J, D)
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II. RicciLagrange/-Finsler/-Einstein Flows

Hamiltons evolution eqs:


g ()
= 2 pR ()

for a set of (semi) Riemannian metrics g (), real
parameter , Ricci tens. pR () for LeviCivita .
Perelmans functionals for flows of Riemannian metrics
Z
2
p F(f ) = p R + |f | ef dV,
V
Z h i
2
p W(f, ) = ( pR + |f |) + f 2n dV,
V

volume form of Lg, dV, integration over compact V,


funct. f for gradient flows
R with different measures, scalar
curv. pR for ; > 0, V dV = 1, = (4 )n ef .
Important problem: Nonholonomic/nonintegrable/
constraint evolution of geometries with rich structure
(almost Kahler Finsler / Einstein spaces and
generalizations), noncommutative/ supersymmetric
variables, relation to deformation quantization and other
types approaches to quantum gravity and field.
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Claim: For almost Kahler models of LagrangeFinsler/


Einstein spaces, Perelmans functionals are
Z 2
Lb b fb )efb dV,
F = ( R + S + D
V
Z
Lc h b v b 2
W = [b
( R + S + D f + D f )
V
+fb 2n]
b dV,

R and S are h- and vcomponents
2 of curvature
2 scalar
2
of D b fb = hDfb + v Dfb , fb
b = ( hD, v D), D
R b
satisfies V
bdV = 1 for b = (4 )n ef and > 0.

Consider 2form Ricci flows


L L
() = (, , ) + Lg(J, , )
L
= gij (x, y, ) Lei() ei
L
= ij ()ei ej + Lab() Lea() L b
e ()

L 1L
for ij () = gij (x, y, ) Lei i(x, y, )
2
1
L
ab() = Lab(x, y, ) Leb b(x, y, )
2

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Proofs for Nadapted almost Kahler evolution eqs


Theorem: If a Kahler Lagrange/ Einstein 2form
L
() and functions fb() and b() evolve for
b

= 1
R b
and constant (4b )nef dV as solutions of
V
Lij 1 b b Lab 1 b b
= ( Rij Rji), = ( R ab Rba ),
2 2
fb 2
=
b fb R S + n ,
b fb + D
b
W( (),fb(), b()) =
c L
than
Z
bij + DiDj fb 1 Lij |2
2 b[| R
b
V
bab + DaDbfb 1 Lab|2](4b
+| R
b
)nef dV.
b
Corollary: The evolution, for all [0, 0), of
Nadapted frames e( ) = e(, u) is defined by
i b a

ei (, u) Ni (, u) eb (, u)
e(, u) = ,
0 eaa(, u)
L i j
with gij ( ) = ei (, u) ej (, u)ij subjected to eqs
b e ,
e = L R

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III. Finsler Spinors & Alm Kahler Dirac Oprs

Nonholonomic almost Kahler Clifford structures


Ncon.: T V = hV vV, (semi) Riemannian V, = TM.
A Clifford dalgebra is a V n+m algebra, product
uv + vu = 2g(u, v) I, distinguished h, vproducts
h
u hv + hv hu = 2 hg(u, v) hI ,
v
u v v + v v v u = 2 v h( v u, v v) v I ,
u = ( hu, v u), v = ( hv, v v) V n+m, I, hI and v I
are unity matrices (n + m) (n + m), or n n and
m m.
Def. Clifford nonholonomic bundle on a almost Kahler
Finsler space is defined as a Clifford bundle
Cl(V) = hCl(hV) v Cl(vV), Clifford h/ v space
h . .
Cl(hV) = hCl(T hV), v Cl(vV) = v Cl(T vV).
.
Def. dspinor bundle S = ( hS, v S) on
V, dimV = n + m, is a complex dvector bundle
. .
Spin V = Spin(V n) Spin(V m), Spin(V) =
Spin(T V). The set of sections (S) = ( hS) ( v S)
is an irreducible Clifford dmodule.
Theorem: Any almost KahlerFinsler/Einstein space
defines canonically a Nanholonomic Clifford/spinor geom.
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Almost Kahler Finsler Dirac operators


dgamma matrix relations + = 2 I,
with action of du Cl(V) on a dspinor S,
. .
c(du) = and c = (du) = e
allows (u) (u) + (u) (u) = 2g (u) I.
The canonical spin Cartan dconnection is defined:
b . L 1 b
S = u .
4
Actions of Clifford dalgebra and Clifford halgebra are
transformed into maps (S) (Cl(V)) (S) and
( hS) (Cl( hV ) ( hS) by considering maps
. .
bc( a) = c(a) and hb c( h ha) = hc( ha) h.
Definition: The Dirac doperator (hoperator) on a spin
Nanholonomic manifold (V, S, J) (hspin manifold
(hV, hS, hJ), or vspin manifold (vV, v S, v J)) is
.
D = i (b c S)
h h h v v v

= D = i ( b c S), D = i ( b c S)
Dirac doperators are called almost Kahler and denoted
b hb vb
D = ( D, D ) if they are defined for the Cartan/
normal dconnection.

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III. Spectral Functls & Noncom. Ricci Flows

The spectral action/functional paradigm:


Standard models of particle interactions and gravity can
be extracted from noncommutative geometry, spectral
triple (A, H, D), postulating the spectral action
T r f (D2/2)+ < |D| >,
T r is the trace in operator algebra, is a spinor, all
defined for a Hilbert space H, is a cutoff scale and f is
a positive function. Dirac operator D on a
noncommutative space defined by a noncommutative
associative algebra A = C (V ) P A.
The spectral geometry of A is given by the product rule
H = L2(V, S) P H, where L2(V, S) is the Hilbert space
of L2 spinors and P H is the Hilbert space of quarks and
leptons fixing the choice of the Dirac operator P D and
the action P A for fundamental particles.
The Dirac operator D = V D 1 + 5 P D, Dirac
operator V D of the LeviCivita spin connection on V.
Theorem: Spectral functionals with nonholnomic
DiracFinsler operators contain in commutative limit the
Perelmans functionals for Ricci flows.
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Spectral triples and distance in dspinor spaces


. R
Scalarp product p
on (S), < , >= V (|)|g |,
g = det|g| det|h| dx1...dxn dy n+1...dy n+m is the
volume dform on V.
N .
H = L2(V, S) = [ hH = L2(hV, hS), v H =
L2(vV, v S)] is the Hilbert dspace obtained by
completing (S), norm defined by the scalar product.
A canonical (almost Kahler) spectral dtriple
b for a dalgebra N A is defined by a
( N A, N H, D)
Hilbert dspace N H, a representation of N A in the
algebra N B( N H) of doperators bounded on N H, and
by a selfadjoint doperator N H, of compact resolution,1
such that [ N H, a] N B( N H) for any a N A.
Theorem: Let ( N A, N H, D, b J, [cr]) defines a
noncommutative geometry being irreducible for
N .
A = C (V), where V is a compact, connected and
oriented manifold without boundaries, of spectral
dimension dim V = n + n. In this case, there are
satisfied the conditions:

1 An operator D is of compact resolution if for any sp(D) the operator (D I)1 is compact.

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b = ( hg, v g), with


1. There is a unique dmetric g( D)
the nonlinear geodesic distance on V defined
n o
b f ] k 1 ,
d(u1, u2) = sup f (u1, u2)/ k [ D,
f C(V)

for any smooth function f C(V).


2. An almost Kahler model of Nanholonomic manifold V
is a spin Nanholonomic space, for which the operators
b0 b0 b
D satisfying the condition g( D ) = g( D) (and
canonically derived almost Kahler spaces with
L b 0) = L( D))
( D b define an union of affine spaces
identified by the dspinor structures on V.
b . R b nn+2
3. The functional S( D) = | D| defines a
quadratic dform with (n + n)splitting for every affine
b
space which is minimal for D = D as the canonical
almost Kahler Dirac doperator corresponding to the
dspin structure with the minimum proportional to the
EinsteinHilbert action constructed for the canonical
Cartan/ normal dconnection with the dscalar
curvature s R,
Z p

n1 s hg v h dx1 ...dxn
S( D ) = R
12 V
n+1 n+n
y ...y .

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Spectral almost Kahler flows and Perelmans functls


Family of generalized doperators
2 I L
D () = [ ()[ Le() Le ()
2
L
e () Le()] + A () Le () + B()],
real flow parameter [0, 0) and, for any fixed values
of this parameter, the matrices A () and B() are
determined by operators D() induced by metric
compatible dconnections D(); for the Cartan/ normal
dconnection, we have to put hats on symbols and
write D b and B.
b 2, A b We introduce functionals
h 1 2
i
1 2
F = Tr f ()( D ()/ )
X 1
1
' f(k)() 1a(k)( D2()/2)
k0

W = 2W+ 3W,
e
e e 2 2

for W = T r f ()( D ()/ )
X e 2
e
= f(k)() a(k)( D ()/2),
e

k0

cutting parameter 2 for both cases e = 2, 3. Functions


b
f, with label b taking values 1, 2, 3.

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The coefficients can be computed as Nadapted Seeley


de Witt coefficients.
Theorem: For the scaling factor 1 = f /2, the first
spectral functional F = P F( L, D, f ) can be
approximated as the first Perelman functional (in our case
for Nanholonomic Ricci flows) is
Z
P
F = V ef [ s R(ef L ) +
V
3 f L L
e ( ef Le f L
e f Lef )].
2

Theorem: 2d spectr.funct. W = P W( L, D, f ) is
approximated as the second Perelman functional
Z
P
W= V [( s R(ef L ) +
V
3 f L L
e ( ef Le f Le f Lef )) + f 2],
2
for scaling 2 = f /2 in 2W, 3 = (ln |f 2| f )/2
in 3W.
Conclusion: The Ricci flow theory of almost Kahler
Finsler/ -Lagrange / -Einstein spaces can be extracted
from noncommutative geometry.

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V. Ricci Flow Evolution and


FedosovLagrange Geometries

KarabegovSchlichenmaier appr. & Ricci flows:


L
() + L
() i Lg ()
u = {u} on V2n; (u, z) = (u, z ) on TuV2n, z fiber
Deformation Quantization for running on families of
C (V2n)[[v]], formal series on v, coefficients from
C (V2n), on Poisson manifold (V2n, {, }()).
Flows of associative algebras on C (V2n)[[v]], bilinear
operators r C(), r 0 on C (V2n), contin. star prod.:
X
1
f 2 f = 1 2 r 1 2
r C( f, f ) v , 0 C( f, f ) =
r=0
1
f () 2f (), 1C( 1f, 2f ) 1C( 2f, 1f ) = i{ 1f, 2f },
complex i. Formal Wick product:
!
2
v L
a b (z) + exp i ()
a(z)b(z[1]) |z=z[1] ,
2
z z[1]
X
a(v, z, ) = ar,{}(u, )z {} v r , multiindex{}
r0,|{}|0

Formal Wick algebra Wu associated to TuV2n, u V2n.


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a. Evolution of Canonical FedosovLagrange opers


b
Extension of D() = { b ()} on W ,

b (a ) +
D


L b z L
e(a) u e (a) ( Le ) + a d


Definition: Fedosov evolution doperators , 1,
L
e z Le(a),
(a) =
i L
1
(a) = p+q z e(a), if p + q > 0,
0, if p = q = 0.
Proposition: The Ricci flow evolution of torsion and
curvature of D b are computed
z b z L Lb L L
T + () T (u, ) e () e (),
2
z b z z L b (u, ) Le() Le ()
R + () LR
4
Theorem: Under RicciFedosov flows, the properties
h i i
b
D, = adW ick ( zTb )
v
b 2 i b
D = adW ick ( zR),
v
hold, [, ] are degagraded commutrs of endomorphisms of
W () and ad W ick are defined
via degagraded
commutators in W (), .
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Fedosovs theorems and Ricci flow evolution of


normal dconnections
Theorem: Under RicciFedosov evolution, any (pseudo)
Riemanian / Lagrange metric Lg defines a flat normal
Fedosov dconnection (for simplicity, we omit labels)

Db + + D b i adW ick (r)


v
satisfying the condition D b 2 = 0, where the unique element
r W , dega(r) = 1, 1r = 0, solves the equation

r = Tb + R b + Drb ir r
v
and this element can be computed recursively with
respect to the total degree Deg as follows:
1 b
r(0) = r(1) = 0, r (2)
= T,
(3) 1 b b (2) i (2) (2)
r = R + Dr r r ,
v
k
!
i X
r (k+3)
= 1 b
Dr (k+2)
r(l+2) r(l+2) , k 1,
v
l=0

where a(k) are the Deghomogeneous components of


degree k of an element a W , W is the sheaf of
smooth sections of W.

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TheoremDefinition: The RicciFedosov evolution of


starproduct is defined/ computed on C (V2n)[[v]],
1
f 2f + ( ( 1f ())) ( ( 2f ())), proj.
: WD()
b C (V2n)[[v]] onto the part of degsdegree
zero are bijections; inver.maps : C (V2n)[[v]] WD()
b
calculated recurs. w.r.t. the total degree Deg,
(f )(0) = f and, for k 0, (f )(k+1) = 1
Xk
b (f )(k) i
(D adW ick (r(l+2))( (f )(kl))).
v
l=0
The evolution of normalized is characterized by Ricci
flows of equivalence class c0() + [ ] for flows of a
unique 2form computed =
i 0 i 0
= J () LR b 0 () d J () LT b 0 () Le ()

8 6
and the evolution of closed ChernWeyl dform
0

= 14 J () LR b 0 () for the canonical class


+ [ ] proving:
Theorem: The RicciFedosov evolution is characterized
by the evolution of zerodegree cohomology coefficient
c0() for the almost Kahler models of EinsteinLagrange
spaces determined by respective flows of dtensors Lg()
which is computed c0() = (1/2i) .

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Three important arguments for Finsler gravity and almost Kahler variables:

Almost Kahler / EinsteinFinsler Gravity/ Flows


a. Quantum gravity EinsteinFinsler geometry
1. Unified geometric formalism for classical/quantum,
(non) commutative mechanics/ gravity/ gauge theories
and Ricci flows nonholonomic almost Kahler strs.
2. Einstein eqs in models of gravity, in almost Kahler
Finsler variables: a) integrated in general forms;
b) quantized following Fedosov/ Abrane / nonholonomic
Ashtekar / gauge (biconnection, perturbative) formalism.
3. Nonlinear dispersion relations from any QG model result
in Finsler type metrics with velocitiy/momentum variables.
ds2 = ij dxidxj = (dx1)2 +(dx2)2 +(dx3)2 +(dx4)2 = 0
The light velocity c, in x1 = ct; light ray xi(), vector
b b
field y i() = dxi/d, d = dt/d, c2 = gbibj (xi)y iy j / 2.
In anisotropic media (and/or modeling spacetime as a
b
classical/quantum ether model) c2 = F 2(y j )/ 2,
r
2 bj bi b
j b b
F (y ) bibj y y + qbi1bi2...bi2r y i1 ...y i2r ,
b i i b
b b 1 qbi1bi2...bi2r k 1 ...k 2r
2 = c2[gbibj k ik j ]2(1 )
r [gbibj kbikbj ]2r

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b. Deform. quant. of Einstein gravity


How to encode Einstein /Ricci flow eqs in Def. Quant.?
Theorem: The field/evolution equations in
EinsteinFinsler gravity/ nonholonomic Ricci flow theory
can be represented as 3form equations
L L L L

e R + e e e = 8GT
T = mT + Z T , mT = mT du du du ,
T = (8G)1 Z () du du du ,
Z

stationary conf. being equivalent to Einstein eqs for ,


1 s m
p R ( p R + )e = 8G T .
2

g D = g + g Z in deformation of curvature 2form
b = pR Zb ().
R
Theorem: The evolution of zerodegree cohomology
coefficient c0() (the ChernWeyl form) for the almost
Kahler model of an Einstein space is c0() = (1/2i),
for + [], () = 14 J Le Le + LZb () .
Corollary: In almost Kahler LagrangeFinsler variables,
the quantum field/evolution equations corresponding to
Ricci flows of Einsteins general relativity are

e = 2G J LTb J Le Le Le
L
4
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VI. Conclusions and Perspectives

' $
Fedosov(EF)
Nonholonomic FedosovEinstein spaces
FedosovFinsler geometry
& %
A
? A
Algebraic Index Theorems A
for EFspaces & A
A
Classiffication of exact solutions A
A
Noncommutative Deformation @ RicciFedosov evolution:A deformed
@ A
Geometry & spectral
actions @ Perelman(spectral) functionals
A

@
R AU
Dirac (Fedosov, EF) Nadapted RicciFedosov flows
Nanholonomic: Clifford bundles, Deformed nonholonomic
aKspinors, aKDirac doperators geometic evolution

? ?
NCG [Dirac (Fedosov, EF)] NCG RicciFedosov flows:
noncommutative deformed - RicciFinsler evolution of
(nonholonomic) geometry noncommutative deformed
geometries/ gravity models

Figure 1:

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