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Krafter 1
Krafter 1
Fartygsmotstnd
Bernoullis ekvation
Bernoullis ekvation:
v2 / (2*g) + p / (*g) + h = konstant (hjdekvationen)
Summan av det statiska och dynamiska trycket i en vtska r
konstant
Vtska i hg hastighet (hgt dynamiskt tryck) medfr lgt statiskt
tryck
Vtska i lg hastighet medfr hgt statiskt tryck
Pivotpunkten
Faktorer som frflyttar pivotpunkten frver i
fartyg:
Stillaliggande fartyg:
Vid fartygets
systemtyngdpunkt
Pivotpunkten
Combined motions
Pivot Point
Force
Rotation
Translation
Combined
Hydrodynamiska krafter
Krafter som uppkommer genom strmmande vatten
Mrkbara i begrnsade farvatten
Bernoullis ekvation
Squat
Squat
Beror p fartygets
Fart
Blockkoefficient
UKC
Squat
Suctionforce
Clearance
reduced
Undisturbed
waterlevel
Lowpressureregion
Acceleratedflow
Suctionforce
Lessbuoyancy
The suction force pulls the ship towards the bottom and reduces the clearance
between the keel and the bottom of the fairway. This clearance reduction is
called squat.
UKC
Squat
Calculation of squat (Barras)
Ship in shallow water
V2
S CB
100
h
valid for 1.1 1.2
T
Squat
Onboard indications of squat:
Reduction of UKC ( concerning draft: be aware alongside
currrent)
Bow and stern waves are increased
Vibrations
Speed reduction
Engine revolutions are reduced
Sluggish and difficult to manoeuvre
Increase of trim
jetties with
Squat
Squat i kanaler
Passage av uppgrundning
Bankeffekt
Mte (Interaction)
Omkrning (Interaction)
Wind
True wind
Apparent wind
If vessel speed is
zero, the apparent
wind = true wind
Apparent wind
gives wind forces
on the vessel
Wind
Wind
2
Wind pressure 0,5 Cd V sin [N/m2]
where:
Wind
Simplified calculation of wind force upon the vessel:
Where:
AL = 25266 = 6650 m2
Normal calculation
Actual pressure = CD
N/m2
Assuming CD = 0,9
Windpressure:
F = 100/186,65 = 37 t (force)
Vindens pverkan
Current (I)
Two main types:
Current (wind driven)
Tidal stream
Open sea:
Current and tidal streams affects the ships navigation
Current is treated as an vector (see navigation) direction and
magnitude
Current magnitude wind speed/40
Kg
Kgv
Ks
Current (II)
Narrow waters:
Current is an important factor when maneuvering close to shore
and anchored ships
The current increases the turning circle in the direction of the
current
Current, often, has a larger impact on a loaded ship than the
wind
Heavy rain can case the current in rivers etc to increase
The direction of current is indicated by small crafts at anchor
and by observing buoys
The effect of current: 1 knot of current equates to about 30-40
knots of wind
Current (III)
Narrow waters:
Often the current is stronger in the middle of a river or channel
compared with the sides
Land can create lee for the current
When planning a maneuver see to that you use the current too
your advantage
Strmmar
Strmmar
Strmmar
Is
Ger ett strre framdrivningsmotstnd
Frsvrar girar