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Physics 2101 Assignment 2. - Finale
Physics 2101 Assignment 2. - Finale
Problem 1
a)
Assume negligible heat loss through sides of 3mm, and taking boundary layer
closest to surface of plate and surrounding air, no heat loss to stand. Heat transfers
through flat plate to air via conduction.
steel, k = 14 W/mK from notes
TC = 50C
TH = -12C
L = 0.003 m
Q
T
=kA (
)
t
L
50(12)
Q
=14 (0.10.1)(
)
t
0.003
Q
=2893.33 W
t
Time for steel to reach -12C = rate of heat loss x total amount of heat energy
decreased from 50C to -12C.
Density of steel = 7850 kg/m3, (source: engineeringtoolbox.com)
Specific Heat Capacity of steel = 0.49 kJ/kgK , (source: engineeringtoolbox.com)
Mass = density x volume = 7850 x 0.1*0.1*0.003 = 0.2355 kg
Q = mC (Tc TH) = 0.2355 (490)(-12-50)
Q = 7150 J
b)
Assume heat loss is restricted only through cross sectional area of copper.
Total Rate of Heat loss = (Q/t)steel + (Q/t)copper
Q
T
=kA(
)
t
L
k = 14 (W/mK)
L = 0.003m
A = 300 mm2 = 3 x10-4m
TH = 50C
TC = -12C
50(12 )
Q
=14 ( 3 x 1 04 )
=86.8 W=86.8 J /s
t
0.003
Q
T
=kA(
)
t
L
TH = 50C
TC = -12C
Q
4 50 ( 12 )
=401 ( 3 x 10 )
=49.72 J / s
t
0.15
P=F / A
where
F x =m
vx
t
Therefore,
P=
Problem 3
Neon and argon with vrmsneon = 400 m/s
Neon molar mass = 20.1797 g/mol
Argon molar mass = 39.948 g/mol
a)
v rms=
3 RT
M
v rmsneon2 ( M )
=T
3R
4002 (20.1797 /1000 )
=T
3(8.3144598)
T = 129.44 K
b)
Being in a mixed state, T is the same:
v rmsargon =
v rmsargon =
3 RT
M
3(8.314)(129.44)
0.039948
v rmsargon = 284.284 m/s
c)
Average kinetic energy of system equated to kinetic energy of falling mass:
trans= 3 kT =mgh
K
2
3 kT
39.95
=h , where m=mass of 1 argonatom=
1000=6.64 x 1 026 kg
23
2 mg
6.02 x 1 0
3 (1.38 x 1 023)(129.44)
=h
2( 6.64 x 1 026 )( 9.81)
h= 4113.41m
Therefore you would have to drop it from a height of 4113.41m
Problem 4
Volume is constant because both gas and solid are sealed and insulated in a rigid
container. Therefore isochoric process.
a) System of Solid
Qs = nCv (t2-t1), where rule of Dulong and Petit denotes C v for elemental solid is 6/2R
= 3R
Qs = 1mol (3R) (19.1 10C)
Qs =1mol(24.9 J/molK)(9.1K)
Qs = +226.9722 J, which is the heat gained by solid.
The number of atoms of one mole of this gas is related to the degrees of freedom:
Cv = fR/2
f = 20.82 /8.314*2 = 5
Total degrees of freedom is 5, so 3 degrees of freedom from translational motion
and 2 from rotational. There for it is most likely a diatomic gas.
Problem 5
5 mols
monoatomic
T1 = 127C
Q = +1200 J
W = -2100 J
U = nCvT
Where Cv = 3/2R since monoatomic, therefore,
-900 = 5(3/2)(8.314)(Tf Ti)
T f=
900
+127
3
5( )( 8.314)
2
Tf = 112.57C
v rms2 ( M )
=T
3R
Question 2
For Ai to Aif:
Initial increasing pressure portion is an isochoric process whereby heat was added in
system to increase pressure, W = 0, U = + Q
For Aif to Af:
Both pressure and volume are decreasing, there so should the temperature, energy
is leaving the system. Work is positive as volume is decreasing.
U=-Q+W
For Bi to Bif:
Initial decreasing pressure in an isochoric process. Heat is decreasing, energy
subtracted from system. W = 0, U = - Q
For Bif to Bf:
Pressure increase and volume decrease, temperature should also increase. Energy
added to system, work is negative, U = Q + W
Overall the work in A should be more than B as the area under the curve is larger.
The change of internal energy is the same since the initial and final position of the
PV diagram is the same for both processes.
Question 3
Carbon dioxide is a gas with 3 atoms, therefore it would have 3 degrees of freedom
from translational, 3 from rotational, and 4 from vibrational according to the 4
modes (equilibrium, bending, symmetric, asymmetric) as described in the notes.
Therefore, there are 10 degrees of freedom.
Question 5
The increase in temperature means that overall internal energy has increased
therefore energy was added. The internal energy of the system depends on heat
and work, so therefore the specific amount of heat energy added is unknown as
work in the form of mechanical agitation could also have increased the
temperature.