Pwi Catalogue

ABOUT OURSELVES
Patel Wire Industries, a subsidiary of Patel Engineering

Pvt. Limited was established in 1973 in Mumbai (Previously
Know as Bombay) to manufacture AAC and ACSR Conductors.
In 1191 the plant was re-located to a more spacious present
location at Igatpuri which is 130 kms from the city of Mumbai.
this re-location of the plant was in tandem with the expansion
and modernisation activities of the company and also
venturing into manufacture of Aluminium Alloy Conductors
(AAAC).
Patel Wire has an upto date modern plant and machinery
operated by well qualified technicians and workers, who have
made quality a way of life.
Patel Wire has successfully supplied conductors to various
power utilities in India as well also other sectors like railways,
post and telegraph department etc. the company has also
successfully exported its products to various countries. the
company is committed to manufacturing quality products as
per various international standards and specifications.
at Patel Wire, Customer is the King
PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES
PREFACE
This catalogue is brought in the interest to technicians and

engineers who are engaged in the Power Transmission and
distribution projects. It will assist them in Selection of overhead
line conductors for their projects.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We take this opportunity to express our indebtness to those

who had given their valuable suggestions in preparing this
catalogue
INDEX
SR.
NO
NO..
P
ARTICULARS
PARTICULARS
PA
GE NO
PAGE
NO..
1.
INTRODUCTION TO BARE OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS
1-2
2.
STRANDING CONSTRUCTION
3-4
3.
AMERICAN STANDARD
5-11
4.
AUSTRALIAN STANDARD
12-14
5.
BRITISH STANDARD
15-20
6.
CANADIAN STANDARD
21-27
7.
FRENCH STANDARD
28-33
8.
GERMAN STANDARD
34-38
9.
INDIAN STANDARD
39-40
10.
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION STANDARD
41-45
11.
SOUTH AFRICAN STANDARD
46
12.
COMPACTED CONDUCTORS (AAC)
47
13.
COMPACTED CONDUCTORS (ACSR)
48
14.
MODULI OF ELASTICITY AND COEFFICIENTS OF

LINEAR EXPANSION
49
15.
NON-RETURNABLE WOODEN DRUMS
50-51
16.
APPENDIX
a) WIRE GAUGES
b) CONVERSION FACTORS
c) ALTERNATION CURRENT FORMULAE
d) DESIGN AND LAYOUT DATA
52-53
54-55
56
57
16.
DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR TRANSMISSION LINES
58-61
17.
GLOSSARY
62-67
INTRODUCTION TO BARE OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS

The value of overhead transmission lines is increasing
dramatically. Mandated transmission access, mounting
demand for electricity, and continuing evolution towards
competitive markets are creating strong demand for
transmissions services.
Since the conductor is one of the major cost components
of a line design costing usually 20 to 30% of the labour
and material cost of a line, it is essential that the most
appropriate conductor type and size be selected for
optimum operating efficiency.
The use of aluminium in conductors for the transmission
of electrical energy dates back to the first use of this metal
in the electrical industry at the start of 20th century.
Amazingly, some of these lines are still in service. Although
its conductivity is not as high as copper, aluminiums lower
cost and lighter weight are attributes that have resulted in
its almost completely displacing copper for overhead
applications. Of all the known non-precious metals
aluminium ranks second to copper in conductivity. On a
conductivity-to-weight basis it is first and its strength - to
weight ratio is 30% higher than copper. Over the more
than 75 years that aluminium has been used in electrical
conductors, several design concepts have been developed
in arriving at the wide variety of conductors that are
available today.
As the resistance of the conductor increases, cost of

electrical losses over the life of the line increases.
As the size of the conductor increases, the cost of the

conductor itself increases.
The radial electric field about the conductor increases

as the conductor size decreases but yields higher levels
of corona-included noise.
An increase in conductor diameter yields increased

wind and ice loads on the existing structures.
Stringing any conductor to a higher tension will yield

increased longitudinal broken wire loads and increased
transverse tension loads on angle structures.
Many sizes and types of both standard and special

conductors encompass the above criteria. Both standard
and special conductors perform uniquely under specified
conditions, and the benefit of each is reviewed.
ST
AND
ARD CONDUCT
ORS
STAND
ANDARD
CONDUCTORS
There are four common type of standard conductor that
have been used for many years in the utility industry (1)
All Aluminium (2) Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced,
(3) Aluminium Conductor, Alloy-Reinforced and (4) All
Aluminium Alloy. Regardless of the type of metal used in
the make-up of the Conductor, the strands are always
round and have a concentric lay. These conventional
conductors have long proven track-records of
performance under specified conditions and certain types
of applications.
A systematic approach should be taken in the selection of

the conductor. Factors such as tension loads, ice and
wind loads, current loading of the line, voltage stability,
environmental effects, electrical losses, ambient conditions,
and many others must be considered in the process. The
goal is to select a conductor that exemplifies the best
conductivity-to-weight ratio and/or strength-to-weight ratio
at a minimal cost for the applications. The electrical and
mechanical properties, thermal properties and stress-strain
relationship of the conductor will dictate the choice of
conductor type and size for a given design.
ALL ALUMINIUM
CONDUCTOR (AAC)
AAC, manufactured with 1350-H19 aluminium is a low
cost conductor that offers a conductivity of 61.2% IACS,
or more, good corrosion resistance. The conductivity of
AAC makes it the choice conductor for applications
requiring high conductivity and moderate strength. AAC
has the highest conductivity-to-weight ratio of all the
overhead conductors. This property makes AAC ideal for
installations in urban areas limited in space where short
spans with maximum current transfer are required.
The choice of conductor type and size has a major impact

on transmission line design. Some of the physical and
economic consequences that affect the choice of conductor
in the design process are:
ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR,
STEEL REINFORCED (ACSR)
instances, improved qualities over both ACSR and AAC

conductors. AAAC offers the combination of good
conductivity, high tensile strength and excellent corrosion
resistance. An equivalent diameter of this conductor is
typically used to replace 6/1 and 26/7 ACSR conductor.
As replacement, the AAC conductors have comparable
thermal rating, improved strength-to weight ratio, lower
electrical losses, and superior corrosion resistance. These
factors make AAAC conductors prominent choices for
distribution installations on the seacost and other areas
severely impacted by corrosion problems.
The utility industry has utilized ACSR as a common choice

of conductor in transmission and rural distribution circuits
for many years. ACSR is used extensively on long spans
as both ground and phase conductors because of its high
mechanical strength-to-weight ratio and good currentcarrying capacity. ACSR consists of a solid or stranded
galvanised steel core surrounded by one or more layers
of 1350-H19 aluminium. Because of the presence of the
1350 aluminium in the construction, ACSR has equivalent
or higher thermal ratings to equivalent sizes of AAC. The
circular mil area or ACSR is specified according to the
cross-sectional area of aluminium to be contained in the
construction. For example, a 795 kcmil-26/7 ACSR has
795,000 circular mils of aluminium, the equivalent
aluminium area content of a 795 kcmil AAC.
ALUMINIUM
CONDUCTOR,
ALUMINIUM-ALLOY REINFORCED
(ACAR)
ACAR consisting of mix of 6201-T81 and 1350-H19
strands of the same diameter, has an excellent balance
between mechanical and electrical properties. Because
the 6201 and 1350 strands are equal in diameter, they
can be interchanged to optimize the properties of ACAR
for each particular application. An example of this flexibility
is the increase of the relative number of 6201 strands to
achieve a strength-to-weight ratio matching that of a wide
range of ACSR conductor. These conductors exhibit
excellent corrosion resistance and utilize simple
termination hardwares making them an excellent choice
for may transmission line applications.
The steel content of ACSR typically ranges from 11% to

18% by weight for larger-than AWG sizes available in
18/1, 15/7, 72/7 or 84/19 stranding. However, it can
vary upto 40% depending on the desired tensile strength
it is desirable for ground wires in extra long spans crossing
rivers, for example, to have a stranding or 8/1, 12/7 or
16/19, giving them higher tensile strength.
The high tensile strength combined with the good
conductivity gives ACSR several advantages.
1. Because of the presence of the steel core, lines,
designed with ACSR elongate less than other standard
conductors, yielding less sag at a given tension.
Therefore, the maximum allowable conductor
temperature can be increased to allowable conductor
temperature can be increased to allow a higher thermal
rating when replacing other standard Conductor with
ACSR.
MODIFIED CONDUCTORS
Many times, the construction of a conventional conductor
can be adjusted to enhance its performance under certain
conditions. It may be desirable to have an increase in the
thermal rating of a conductor having the same diameter,
increase the self-damping ability of the conductor to help
dissipate aeolian vibrations, or maybe even to allow for
an increase in the tension to yield reduced sag. The
changes may come in the form of (1) differently shaped
strands (2) The degree of temper of the aluminium strands,
(3) different types of coatings for corrosion Protection of
the steel core in composite cables, or (4) the modification
of the geometric configuration of the conductor to produce
a varying profile to the wind. These modifications may be
used separately or in combinations to achieve the desired
conductor properties for optimum performance.
2. The high tensile strength of ACSR allows it to be installed

in areas subject to extreme ice and wind loading.
3. ACSR is less likely to be broken by falling tree limbs.
ALL ALUMINIUM ALLOY

CONDUCTOR (AAAC)
AAAC, developed as a replacement for high strength 6/1
and 26/7 ACSR conductors is made of 6201-T81
aluminium alloy giving it comparable and, in some
ALL ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR (AAC) /
ALL ALUMINIUM ALLOY CONDUCTOR (AAAC)
ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR STEEL REINFORCED (ACSR)
54 Al./7St..
30 Al./19 St..
16 Al./19 St..
45 Al./7 St..
30 Al./7St..
26 Al./7St..
24 Al./7St..
54 Al./19 St..
12 Al./7 St.
7 Al./1 St.
18 Al./1 St.
8 Al./1 St.
6 Al./1 St.
4 Al./3 St.
3 Al./4 St.
AMERICAN STANDARD
TYPE OF WIRE EC H19
ASTM B230/1972
Tensile Strength Minimum
Nominal wire
diameter
Average for a lot
inch
mm
0.2600-0.2101
0.2100-0.1801
0.1800-0.1501
0.1500-0.1401
0.1400-0.1201
0.1200-0.1101
0.1100-0.1001
0.1000-0.0901
0.0900-0.0801
0.0800-0.0701
0.0700-0.0601
0.0600-0.0501
0.0500-0.0105
6.614-5.337
5.334-4.575
4.572-3.813
3.810-3.559
3.556-3.051
3.048-2.797
2.794-2.543
2.540-2.289
2.286-2.035
2.032-1.781
1.778-1.527
1.524-1.273
1.270-0.267
Ksi
23.5
24.0
24.0
24.5
25.0
25.5
26.0
27.0
27.5
28.0
28.5
29.0
25.0
MP
A
MPA
Ki
MPa
160
165
165
170
170
175
180
185
190
195
195
200
170
22.5
23.0
23.0
23.5
23.5
24.0
24.5
25.5
26.0
26.5
27.0
27.0
23.0
155
160
160
160
160
165
170
175
180
185
185
185
160
TOLERANCE ON NOMINAL DIAMETERS OF WIRES

Specifies diameter
inch
0.2600-0.1000
under
0.1000-0.0360
under
0.0360-0.0105
mm
6.604-2.540
under
2.540-0.914
under
0.914-0.267
Individual tests
Elongation in 10 in
or 250 mm minimum
Average
Individual
for a lot
tests
percent
2.3
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.4
-
2.2
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
-
Resistivity : at 20C
max : ohm.mm2/km
Tolerance
plus and minus
1%
0.0010 inch
(0.025 mm)
0.0005 inch
(0.013 mm)
Average
for a lot
Individual
tests
28.172
28.264
61.2%
61.0% Condivctivity
I.A.CS
Density at 20C
2.703 g/cm3
0.097652 lb/in3
AMERICAN STANDARD
TYPE OF WIRE 5005 H19
ASTM B 396/1967
Inch pound wire

Diameter
inch
0.2600 to 0.2101
0.2100 to 0.1601
0.1600 to 0.1501
0.1500 to 0.1401
0.1400 to 0.1201
0.1200 to 0.1101
0.1100 to 0.1001
0.1000 to 0.0901
0.0900 to 0.0801
0.0800 to 0.0701
0.0700 to 0.0601
Minimum tensile strength

Individual
test
Average for a lot
ib/in2
ib/in2
31500
32500
34500
35000
35000
35500
36000
36500
37000
37500
38000
33,000
34,000
36,000
36,500
37,000
37,500
38,000
38,500
39,000
39,500
40,000
Minimum
elongation in 10
in (254 mm) for
individual test %
2.2
2.2
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.3
Metric Units
mm
6.604 to 5.336
5.334 to 4.066
4.064 to 3.812
3.810 to 3.558
3.556 to 3.050
3.048 to 2.796
2.794 to 2.542
2.540 to 2.288
2.286 to 2.034
2.032 to 1.780
1.778 to 1.526
kg/mm2
kg/mm2
22.1
22.9
24.3
24.6
24.6
24.9
25.3
25.6
26.0
26.4
26.7
23.2
23.9
25.3
25.6
26.0
26.4
26.7
27.0
27.4
27.8
28.1
percent
2.2
2.2
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.3
Tolerance on specified diameters of wires

Specified diameter
inch
mm
0.2600 to 0.1000
under
0.1000 to 0.0601
6.604 to 2.540
Tolerance plus
and minus
1 percent
0.0010
(0.025 mm)
2.540 to 1.526
Density at 20C
2.703 g/cm3
0.09758 lb/in3
Resistivity at 20C max.
32.226 ohm.mm2/km
19.423 ohm.CM/foot
Conductivity at 20C percent
IACS 53.5
AMERICAN STANDARD
TYPE OF WIRE 6201 T81
ASTM B 398/1967
Inch pound wire

Diameter
inch
0.1878 to 0.1328
0.1327 to 0.0612
Minimum tensile strength

Average for
a lot
Individual test
ib/in2
ib/in2
46,000
48,000
44000
46000
kg/mm2
kg/mm2
Minimum
elongation in 10
in (254 mm) for
individual test %
3.0
3.0
Metric Units
mm
4.770 to 3.373
3.371 to 1.554
32.3
33.7
30.9
32.3
percent
3.0
3.0
Tolerance on specified diameters of wires
inch
mm
Tolerance
plus and
minus
0.1878 to 0.1000
under
0.1000 to 0.0612
4.770 to 2.540
incl under 2.540
to 1.554 incl
1 percent
0.0010 in
(0.025 mm)
Specified diameter
Density at 20C
2.703 g/cm3
0.09758 lb/in3
Resistivity at 20C
32.839 ohm.mm2/km
19.792 ohm.CM/foot
Conductivity at 20C
percent IACS
52.5
AMERICAN STANDARD
ALL ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR - (AAC)
ASTM B231
Code
Conductor
Size
AL.
Overall
Dia.
Word
AWG(CM)
No./mm.
mm
PEACHBELL
ROSE
IRIS
PANSY
POPPY
ASTER
PHLOX
OXLIIP
SNEEZEWORT
VALERIAN
DAISY
LAUREL
PEONY
TULIP
DAFFODIL
CANNA
GOLDENTUFT
COSMOS
SYRINGA
ZINNIA
HYACINTH
DAHLIA
MISTLETOE
MEADOWSWEET
ORCHID
HEUCHERA
VERBERA
FLAG
VIOLET
NASTURTIUM
PETUNIA
CATTAIL
ARBUTUS
LILAC
COCKSCOMB
SNAPDRAGON
MAGNOLIA
GOLDENROD
HAWKWEED
CAMELLIA
BLUEBELL
LARKSPUR
MARIGOLD
HAWTHORN
NARCISSUS
COLUMBINE
CARNATION
GLADIOLUS
COREOPSIS
JESSAMINE
6
4
2
1
1/0
2/0
3/0
4/0
250,000
250,000
266,800
266,800
300,000
336,400
350,000
397,500
450,000
477,000
477,000
500,000
500,000
556,500
556,500
600,000
636,000
650,000
700,000
700,000
715,500
715,500
750,000
750,000
795,000
795,000
900,000
900,000
954,000
954,000
1000,000
1000,000
1033,500
1033,500
1113,000
1192,500
1272,000
1351,500
1431,000
1510,500
1590,000
1750,000
7/1.55
7/1.96
7/2.47
7/2.78
7/3.12
7/3.50
7/3.93
7/4.42
7/4.80
19/2.91
7/4.96
19/3.01
19/3.19
19/3.38
19/3.45
19/3.68
19/3.91
19/4.02
37/2.88
19/4.12
37/2.95
19/4.35
37/3.11
37/3.23
37/3.33
37/3.37
37/3.49
61/2.72
37/3.53
61/2.75
37/3.62
61/2.82
37/3.72
61/2.90
37/3.96
61/3.09
37/4.08
61/3.18
37/4.18
61/3.25
37/4.25
61/3.31
61/3.43
61/3.55
61/3.67
61/3.78
61/3.89
61/4.00
61/4.10
61/4.30
4.65
5.88
7.41
8.34
9.36
10.50
11.79
13.26
14.40
14.55
14.88
15.05
15.95
16.90
17.25
18.40
19.55
20.10
20.16
20.60
20.65
21.75
21.77
22.61
23.31
23.59
24.43
24.48
24.71
24.75
25.34
25.38
26.04
26.10
27.72
27.81
28.56
28.62
29.26
29.25
29.75
29.79
30.87
31.95
33.03
34.02
35.01
36.00
36.90
38.70
Calculated
Sectional
Area
mm2
13.21
21.12
33.54
42.49
53.52
67.35
84.91
107.41
126.67
126.37
135.25
135.20
151.85
170.48
177.62
202.09
228.14
241.16
241.03
253.30
252.89
282.37
281.07
303.18
322.24
330.03
353.95
354.45
362.11
362.31
380.81
380.99
402.14
402.92
455.70
457.44
483.74
484.48
507.74
506.04
524.89
524.90
563.65
603.78
645.29
684.55
724.97
766.55
805.36
885.84
Weight
kg/Km
36.4
58.3
92.5
117.2
147.7
185.8
234.3
296.3
349.5
348.7
373.2
373.0
419.0
470.4
490.1
557.6
629.5
665.4
665.0
698.9
697.8
779.1
775.5
836.5
889.1
910.6
976.6
978.0
999.1
999.7
1050.7
1051.2
1109.5
1111.7
1257.3
1262.1
1334.7
1336.7
1400.9
1396.2
1448.2
1448.3
1555.2
1665.9
1780.4
1888.7
2000.3
2115.0
2222.1
2444.1
Calculated
Electric
Resistance
ohm/Km
2.17553
1.36056
0.85671
0.67630
0.53693
0.42667
0.33841
0.26754
0.22685
0.22740
0.21245
0.21254
0.18923
0.16855
0.16178
0.14219
0.12596
0.11916
0.11922
0.11344
0.11363
0.10176
0.10224
0.09478
0.08917
0.08707
0.08118
0.08107
0.07936
0.07931
0.07546
0.07542
0.07146
0.07132
0.06306
0.06282
0.05940
0.05931
0.05659
0.05678
0.05475
0.05474
0.05098
0.04759
0.04453
0.04198
0.03964
0.0749
0.03568
0.03244
Rated
Strength
Kg
254
399
611
746
903
1137
1375
1739
2051
2107
2190
2254
2483
2787
2904
3238
3579
3784
3933
3974
4126
4430
4496
4850
5155
5280
5662
5831
5793
5961
5971
6148
6305
6502
6996
7238
7426
7665
7795
8007
8058
8305
8918
9553
10006
10615
11007
11639
12228
13450
AMERICAN STANDARD
ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR STEEL REINFORCED - (ACSR)
Code
Conductor
Size
Word
WREN
TURKEY
SWAN
SWANTE
SWALLOW
SP
ARROW
SPARROW
SP
ARA
TE
SPARA
ARATE
ROBIN
RAVEN
QUAIL
PIGEON
PENGUIN
WAXWING
PARTRIDGE
OSTRICH
MERLIN
LINNET
ORIOLE
CHICKADEE
BRANT
IBIS
LARK
PELICAN
FLICKER
HAWK
HEN
OSPREY
PARAKEET
DOVE
EAGLE
PEACOCK
SQUAB
WOOD DUCK
TEAL
SWIFT
KINGBIRD
ROOK
GROSBEAK
SCOTER
EGRET
FLAMINGO
GANNET
STILT
STARLING
REDWING
GOOT
TERN
CUCKOO
CONDOR
DRAKE
MALLARD
AL.
ST
ST..
CM (AMG) No./mm No./mm
8
6
4
4
3
2
2
1
1/10
2/0
3/0
4/0
266,800
266,800
300,000
366,400
336,400
336,400
397,500
397,500
397,500
397,500
477,000
477,000
477,000
477,000
556,500
556,500
556,500
556,500
605,000
605,000
605,000
605,000
636,000
636,000
636,000
636,000
636,000
636,000
666,600
666,600
715,500
715,500
715,500
795,000
795,000
795,000
795,000
795,000
795,000
6/1.33
6/1.68
6/2.12
7/1.96
6/2.38
6/2.67
7/2.47
6/3.00
6/3.37
6/3.78
6/4.25
6/4.77
18/3.09
26/2.57
26/2.73
18/3.47
26/2.89
30/2.69
18/3.77
24/3.27
26/3.14
30/2.92
18/4.14
24/3.58
26/3.44
30/3.20
18/4.47
24/3.87
26/3.72
30/3.46
24/4.03
26/3.87
30/3.61
30/3.61
36/3.38
18/4.78
24/4.14
26/3.97
30/3.70
30/3.70
24/4.23
26/4.07
24/4.39
26/4.21
30/3.92
36/3.77
45/3.38
24/4.62
54/3.08
26/4.44
30/4.14
1/1.33
1/1.68
1/2.12
1/2.61
1/2.38
1/2.67
1/3.30
1/3.00
1/3.37
1/3.78
1/4.25
1/4.77
1/3.09
7/2.00
7/2.12
1/3.47
7/2.25
7/2.69
1/3.77
7/2.18
7/2.44
7/2.92
1/4.14
7/2.39
7/2.67
7/3.20
1/4.47
7/2.58
7/2.89
7/3.46
7/2.69
7/3.01
7/3.61
19/2.16
1/3.38
1/4.78
7/2.76
7/3.09
7/3.70
19/2.22
7/2.82
7/3.16
7/2.92
7/3.28
19/2.35
1/3.77
7/2.25
7/3.08
7/3.08
7/3.45
19/2.48
Overall
Dia.
ASTM B232
Calculated
Sectional Area
mm
AL.
MM2
3.99
5.04
6.36
6.53
7.14
8.01
8.24
9.00
10.11
11.34
12.75
14.31
15.45
16.28
17.28
17.35
18.31
18.83
18.85
19.62
19.88
20.44
20.70
21.49
21.77
22.40
22.35
23.22
23.55
24.22
24.19
24.51
25.27
25.24
23.66
23.90
24.84
25.15
25.90
25.90
25.38
25.76
26.32
26.68
27.43
26.39
27.03
27.72
27.72
28.11
28.96
8.34
13.30
21.18
21.12
26.69
33.59
33.54
42.41
53.52
67.33
85.12
107.22
134.98
134.87
152.19
170.22
170.55
170.50
200.93
201.56
201.34
200.90
242.31
241.58
241.65
241.27
282.47
282.31
282.59
282.07
306.13
305.83
307.06
307.06
323.02
323.01
323.07
321.84
322.56
322.56
337.27
338.26
363.27
361.93
362.06
401.86
403.77
402.33
402.33
402.56
403.84
ST
ST..
MM 2
1.39
2.22
3.53
5.35
4.45
5.60
8.55
7.07
8.92
11.22
14.19
17.87
7.50
21.99
24.71
9.46
27.83
39.78
11.16
26.13
32.73
46.88
13.46
31.40
39.19
56.30
15.69
36.60
45.92
65.82
39.78
49.81
71.65
69.62
8.97
17.95
41.88
52.49
75.26
73.54
43.72
54.90
46.88
59.15
82.41
11.16
27.83
52.15
52.15
65.44
91.78
Rated
Electric
Strength Resistance
Approx. Weight
AL.
kg/km
22.9
36.5
58.1
58.0
73.3
92.2
92.1
116.4
146.9
184.9
233.7
294.4
372.4
374.0
422.0
469.7
472.9
473.9
554.4
558.8
558.2
558.4
668.5
669.8
670.0
670.6
779.4
782.7
783.5
784.0
848.8
848.0
853.4
853.4
891.2
891.2
895.8
892.4
896.5
896.5
935.1
937.9
1007.2
1003.5
1006.3
1108.8
1119.5
1115.5
1115.5
1116.1
1122.4
ST
ST..
kg/km
ACSR
kg/km
10.8
17.2
27.5
41.6
34.6
43.6
66.5
55.0
69.4
87.3
110.4
139.0
58.3
171.8
193.0
73.6
217.4
311.1
86.8
204.1
255.7
366.5
104.7
245.3
306.1
440.2
122.1
285.9
358.7
514.6
310.7
389.1
560.2
544.9
69.8
139.6
327.1
410.0
588.5
575.6
341.5
428.8
366.2
462.0
645.0
86.8
217.4
407.4
407.0
511.1
718.3
33.7
53.8
85.6
99.6
107.9
135.8
158.6
171.4
216.3
272.2
344.1
433.4
430.8
545.7
615.0
543.2
690.3
784.9
641.2
762.9
813.9
924.9
773.3
915.1
976.1
1110.8
901.5
1068.6
1142.2
1298.6
1159.5
1237.0
1413.7
1398.4
961.0
1030.8
1222.9
1302.4
1485.0
1472.1
1276.6
1366.7
1373.4
1465.5
1651.3
1195.6
1336.9
1522.9
1522.5
1627.3
1840.8
kg
341
540
846
1067
1042
1289
1651
1613
1987
2401
3006
3787
3118
5113
5756
3932
6414
7867
4500
6646
7380
9205
5346
7793
8846
10787
6232
9000
10263
12611
9772
11019
13140
13571
6258
7126
10299
11429
13803
14306
10752
11979
11554
12867
15651
7582
10029
12651
12775
14269
17441
ohm/km
3.43035
2.14992
1.35011
1.35389
1.07124
0.85118
0.85251
0.67422
0.53430
0.42468
0.33594
0.26669
0.21288
0.21410
0.18974
0.16881
0.16931
0.16978
0.14301
0.14327
0.14342
0.14409
0.11859
0.11953
0.11950
0.11997
0.10173
0.10229
0.10219
0.10262
0.09433
0.09442
0.09427
0.09427
0.08896
0.08896
0.08938
0.08972
0.08974
0.08974
0.08562
0.08537
0.07949
0.07978
0.07995
0.07151
0.07152
0.07177
0.07177
0.07173
0.07168
AMERICAN STANDARD
6201-T 81 ALUMINIUM ALLOY CONDUCTOR - (AAAC)
Code
Word
AKRON
ALTON
AMES
AZUZA
ANAHEIM
AMHERST
ALLIANCE
BUTTE
CANTON
CAIRO
DARIEN
ELGIN
FLINT
GREEL
Y
GREELY
Conductor Size
of ACSR With
Equal Dia.
CM (AWG)
6
4
2
1/0
2/0
3/0
4/0
266,800
336,400
397,500
477,000
556,500
636,000
795,000
ASTM B399
AL.
Overall
Dia.
No./mm
mm
7/1.68
7/2.12
7/2.67
7/3.37
7/3.78
7/4.25
7/4.77
19/3.26
19/3.66
19/3.98
19/4.36
19/4.71
37/3.59
37/4.02
5.04
6.36
8.01
10.11
11.34
12.75
14.31
16.30
18.30
19.90
21.80
23.55
25.13
28.14
10
Calculated
Sectional
Area
mm2
15.52
24.71
39.19
62.44
78.55
99.30
125.09
158.59
199.90
236.38
283.67
331.04
374.53
469.62
Weight
kg/Km
42.8
68.1
108.1
172.1
216.6
273.8
344.9
437.2
551.1
651.7
782.1
912.7
1032.6
1294.8
Calculated
Electric
Resistance
ohm/Km
2.1587
1.3556
0.8546
0.5365
0.4264
0.3373
0.2678
0.2112
0.1676
0.1417
0.1181
0.1012
0.0894
0.0713
Rated
Strength
Kg
503
801
1270
2024
2438
3082
3883
4980
6011
7108
8530
9955
11020
13818
AMERICAN STANDARD
TYPE OF COATING A
ASTM 498-69
Inch-pound units
Nominal wire
diameter
Minimum stress
at 1% extension
Minimum Ultimate
Tensile strength
Minimum elongation
in 10 inch (254 mm)
inch
lb/inch2
lb/inch2
percent
190000
185000
180000
170000
210000
205000
205000
200000
3.5
4.0
4.5
4.5
kp/mm2
kp/mm2
0.0500-0.0899
0.0900-0.1199
0.1200-0.1399
0.1400-0.1899
Metric units
mm
1.270-2.283
2.286-3.045
3.048-3.553
3.556-4.822
134
130
127
120
percent
148
144
144
141
3.5
4.0
4.5
4.5
Tolerance on nominal diameters of wires

Tolerance
Nominal diameter
minus
plus
plus
inch
inch
mm
0.0500-0.0749
0.0750-0.1199
0.1200-0.1399
0.1400-0.1899
1.270-1.902
1.905-3.045
3.048-3.553
3.556-4.822
minus
mm
0.015
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.038
0.051
0.076
0.102
0.025
0.051
0.051
0.076
Minimum weight of coating

Minimum weight of zinc coating
of uncoated wire surface
Nominal diameter
inch
of/ff2
mm
0.500-0.0599
0.0600-0.0749
0.0750-0.0899
0.0900-0.1039
0.1040-0.1199
0.1200-0.1399
0.1400-0.1799
0.1800-0.1899
1.270-1.521
1.524-1.902
1.905-2.283
2.286-2.639
2.642-3.045
3.048-3.553
3.556-4.569
4.572-4.822
g/m2
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
1.00
183
198
214
229
244
259
274
305
MANDREL SIZE FOR ADHERENCE TEST

Nominal wire diameter
inch
mm
Ratio of mandrel
diameter to
wire diameter
Density at 20C
7.78 g/cm3
0.281 lb/in3
mm
0.0500-0.0899
1.270-2.283
0.0900-0.1399
2.286-3.553
0.1400-0.1899
3.556-4.822
11
12
GEMINI
JUPITER
LEO
LIBRA
MARS
MERCURY
MOON
NEPTUNE
PLUTO
SATURN
TAURUS
TRITON
URANUS
VENUS
VIRGO
Code
name
26,61
43,97
54,29
78,18
122,15
175,90
195,98
249,04
331,56
413,23
531,97
645,67
799,54
1064,48
2286,72
Equival.
copper
area
mm 2
7/1,75
7/2,25
7/2,50
7/3,00
7/3,75
7/4,50
7/4,75
19/3,25
19/3,75
37/3,00
19/4,75
37/3,75
61/3,25
61/3,75
91/4,50
Stranding
and wire
diameter
mm
5,25
6,75
7,50
9,00
11,25
13,50
14,25
16,25
18,75
21,00
23,75
26,25
29,25
36,75
49,50
Overall
diameter
mm
16,84
27,83
34,36
49,48
77,31
111,33
124,04
157,62
209,85
261,54
336,69
408,65
506,04
673,72
1447,529
Aluminium
area
mm2
46
76
94
136
213
307
342
435
579
722
929
1128
1397
1859
3995
Mass
kg/km
3400
5010
5980
8260
12500
17800
19800
26000
34000
43700
53700
66200
83400
109000
232000
Ultimate
tensile
strength
newtons
347
511
610
843
1276
1816
2020
2653
3469
4459
5480
6755
8510
11122
23673
Breaking
load
kg
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
49650
49650
48250
49650
48250
46200
46200
46200
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
59650
59650
58600
59650
58600
57570
57570
57570
1,7003
1,0286
0,8332
0,5786
0,3703
0,2572
0,2308
0,1825
0,1371
0,1102
0,0854
0,0706
0,0571
0,0429
0,0200
120
160
180
220
300
370
390
460
550
620
730
820
940
1130
1710
5000
5000
5000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
1000
1000
1000
Standard
drum
length
m
AS 1531 - Part 1
Coefficient
DC
Initial
Final
modulus
of linear
modulus resistance Current
expansion of elasticity of elasticity at 20 C
rating
N/mm2
/C10 -6
ohms/km
N/mm2
Amps
AUSTRALIAN STANDARD
13
234,14
337,18
458,92
606,90
712,27
826,07
948,29
GRAPE
LEMON
LIME
MANGO
ORANGE
OLIVE
PAWP
AW
WPA
14,25
7,50
9,00
10,50
9,00
9,75
10,50
11,25
2,50
3,00
3,75
4,80
42,75
17,50
21,00
24,50
27,00
29,25
31,50
33,75
7,50
9,00
11,25
14,30
956,91
147,26
212,06
288,63
381,70
447,97
519,54
596,41
29,45
42,41
66,27
106,32
DiamAlueter
over Overall minium
diamarea
steel
mm eter mm mm2
121,21
Equival.
copper
area
mm2
11,48
23,42
44,95
70,25
Code
name
QUINCE
RAISIN
SULTANA
WALNUT
34,36
49,48
67,35
49,48
58,07
67,35
75,55
4,91
7,07
11,04
14,07
Steel
area
mm2
407,91
587,41
799,51
1057,31
1240,88
1439,13
1652,06
80,99
116,23
182,24
292,38
Aluminium
1078,12 2650,64
181,62
261,54
355,98
431,18
506,04
586,89
671,96
34,36
49,48
77,31
120,39
Total
area
mm2
679,70
978,80
1332,25
1448,69
1700,21
1971,87
2251,93
119,58
171,80
269,01
403,39
Total
962,41 3613,05
271,79
391,39
532,74
391,38
495,33
532,74
599,87
38,59
55,57
86,77
111,01
Steel
Mass kg/km
3/4/1,75
3/4/2,50
4/3/3,00
4/3/3,75
Stranding
and wire
diameter
mm
*
*
*
*
5,25
7,50
9,00
11,25
7,22
14,73
28,27
44,18
DiamAlueter
over Overall minium
diamarea
steel
mm eter mm mm2
9,62
19,63
21,21
33,13
Steel
area
mm2
16,84
34,36
49,48
77,31
Total
area
mm2
19,78
38,99
77,46
121,05
Aluminium
75,61
154,29
166,71
260,40
Steel
Total
95,39
193,28
244,17
381,45
Mass kg/km
AS 1220 - Part 1
289000
65000
90800
122000
119000
138000
159000
185000
10700
15000
22900
35500
29410
6633
9265
12449
12143
14082
16224
18878
1092
1531
2337
3622
20,0
18,4
18,4
18,4
19,9
19,9
19,9
20,0
19,3
19,3
19,3
19,9
46100
56100
54300
53400
47600
47100
46800
47100
51900
50200
49000
49000
72300
83400
83400
83400
73200
73200
73200
72300
80400
80400
80400
76700
12700
24400
28300
43900
1296
2490
2888
4480
13,9
13,9
15,2
15,2
133760
133760
122000
122000
3,9377
1,9295
1,0048
0,6431
1380
445
558
676
795
877
960
1040
163
204
269
361
1000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
1000
3000
3000
3000
1000
79
115
167
220
3000
3000
3000
3000
Current Standard
rating drum
Amps length
m
AS 1220 - Part 1
Initial
Final
Coefficient modulus modulus
Ultimate
DC
of
tensile Breaking of linear
resistance
of
load
expansion elasticity elasticity at 20C
strength
N/mm2 N/mm 2 ohms/km
kg
/C10-6
newtons
0,0302
0,1962
0,1363
0,1001
0,0757
0,0645
0,0556
0,0485
0,9742
0,6766
0,4330
0,2699
Initial
Final
DC
Ultimate
Coefficient modulus modulus
Standard
of
resistance Current drum
tensile Breaking of linear
of
rating length
load expansion elasticity elasticity at 20C
strength
kg
newtons
/C10-6 N/mm2 N/mm2 ohms/km Amps
m
AUSTRALIAN STANDARD (EXTRA STRONG CONSTRUCTIONS)
6/1/2,50
6/1/3,00
6/1/3,75
6/4,75 &
7/1,60
30/7/2,50
30/7/3,00
30/7/3,50
54/7/3,00
54/7/3,25
54/7/3,50
54/3,75 &
19/2,25
54/4,75 &
19/2,85
Stranding
and wire
diameter
mm
1521,49
46,83
67,43
105,37
169,05
ALMOND
APPLE
BANANA
CHERRY
PEACH
Equival.
copper
area
mm 2
Code
name
AUSTRALIAN STANDARD
14
Equival.
copper
area
mm2
9,0
14,8
18,2
26,2
41,0
59,0
65,8
83,6
111,0
138,7
178,6
216,8
268,4
357,4
769,8
Code
name
AGATE
AMETHYST
DIAMOND
EMERALD
GARNET
JADE
JASPER
OP
AL
OPAL
PEARL
RUBY
RUTILE
SAPPHIRE
SPINEL
TOP
AZ
OPAZ
ZIRCON
7/1,75
7/2,25
7/2,50
7/3,00
7/3,75
7/4,50
7/4,75
19/3,25
19/3,75
37/3,00
19/4,75
37/3,75
61/3,25
61/3,75
91/4,50
Stranding
and wire
diameter
mm
5,25
6,75
7,50
9,00
11,30
13,5
14,3
16,3
18,8
21,0
23,8
26,3
29,3
33,8
49,5
Overall
diameter
mm
ALL ALUMINIUM ALLOY CONDUCTORS - (AAAC)
16,84
27,83
34,36
49,48
77,31
111,3
124,0
157,6
209,8
261,5
336,7
408,7
506,0
673,7
1447,3
Aluminium
area
mm2
46
76
94
135
211
304
339
433
577
720
925
1125
1400
1863
4003
Mass
kg/km
4724
7800
9630
13900
21700
31200
34800
44200
58800
73300
94400
114500
141800
189000
406000
Ultimate
tensile
strength
newtons
480
790
980
1420
2210
3180
3550
4510
6000
7500
9630
11730
13770
18300
41430
Breaking
load
kg
AS 1531 - Part 2
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
49650
49650
48250
49650
48250
46200
46200
46200
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
59650
59650
58600
59650
58600
57570
57570
57570
1,952
1,18
0,958
0,665
0,426
0,296
0,265
0,210
0,158
0,127
0,0982
0,0811
0,0650
0,0490
0,0230
106
147
167
209
276
346
371
430
513
588
689
776
889
1056
1630
3000
3000
2500
2500
2000
1000
1000
2000
2000
2000
1000
2000
2000
2000
1000
Standard
Coefficient
DC
Initial
Final
drum
modulus
of linear
modulus resistance Current
length
rating
m
/C10 -6
ohms/km Amps
N/mm2
N/mm2
AUSTRALIAN STANDARD
BRITISH STANDARD
TYPE OF WIRE H9
BS 2627 / 1970
Tensile strength minimum
Specified diameter
Over
mm
Up to and including
inch
mm
1.25
0.0492
1.50
1.50
0.0590
1.75
1.75
0.0689
2.00
2.00
0.0787
2.25
2.25
0.0886
2.50
2.50
0.0984
2.75
2.75
0.1083
3.00
3.00
0.1181
3.25
3.25
0.1280
3.50
3.50
0.1378
3.75
3.75
0.1476
4.25
4.25
0.1673
5.00
2
1 hbar = 10 N/mm = 1450.38 lb/in2
inch
0.0590
0.0689
0.0787
0.0886
0.0984
0.1083
0.1181
0.1280
0.1378
0.1476
0.1673
0.1969
Before stranding
hbar
19.3
18.8
18.4
18.0
17.6
17.2
16.9
16.5
16.4
16.2
16.0
15.9
Tolerances on nominal diameters of wires:1%
ib/in2
After stranding
hbar
27,992
27,267
26,687
26,107
25,527
24,946
24,511
23,931
23,786
23,496
23,206
23,061
18.3
17.9
17.5
17.1
16.7
16.3
16.0
15.7
15.6
15.4
15.2
15.1
ib/in2
26,542
25,962
25,382
24,801
24,221
23,641
23,206
22,771
22,626
22,336
22,046
21,901
Resistivity at 20C
max: 28.264 ohm.mm2/km
max: 17.002 ohm.CM/foot
Density at 20C
2.703 g/cm3
0.097652 lb/in3
15
BRITISH STANDARD
Metric units
BS 3242/1970
Standard
Diameter
Cross sectional
area of Standard
wire diameter
Weight
mm
mm2
kg/km
2.34
2.54
2.95
3.30
3.48
3.53
3.76
4.65
4.301
5.067
6.835
8.553
9.511
9.787
11.10
16.98
Standard
resistance
at 20C
Minimum breaking
load for Standard
diameter wire
ohm/km
11.61
13.68
18.45
23.09
25.60
26.42
29.98
45.85
7.557
6.414
4.755
3.800
3.417
3.321
2.927
1.914
1270
1490
2020
2520
2810
2890
3280
5010
Inch pound units

inch
0.0921
0.1000
0.1161
0.1299
0.1370
0.1390
0.1480
0.1831
1mm2
1N
1 kg/km
1 mm
sq. inch
lb/100 yd
0.00666
0.00785
0.01059
0.01326
0.01474
0.01517
0.01721
0.02632
23.40
27.58
37.19
45.55
51.79
53.26
60.44
92.43
ohm/100 yd
6.910
5.862
4.346
3.473
3.123
3.035
2.675
1.750
lb
285.46
334.91
454.04
566.42
631.61
649.59
737.25
1126.10
= 0.00155in2
= 0.224771 lb
= 2.01591 lb/1000 yd
= 0.03937 in
Tolerance on standard diameters of all wires 1%
Minimum tensile strength before

and after stranding 29.5 hbar
Elongation : Minimum ultimate elongation on 250 mm

(9.84) in length 3.5% before or after stranding
42801 lb/in2
Resistivity at 20C
Density at 20C
2.70 g/cm3
0.09747 lb/in3
16
17
MIDGE
APHIS
GNAT
WEEVIL
MOSQUITO
LADYBIRD
ANT
FL
Y
FLY
BLUEBOTTLE
EARWIG
GRASSHOPPER
CLEGG
WASP
BEETLE
BEE
CRICKET
HORNET
CATERPILLAR
CHAFER
SPIDER
COCKROACH
BUTTERFL
Y
BUTTERFLY
MOTH
DRONE
LOCUST
CENTIPEDE
MAYBUG
SCORPION
CICADA
TARANTULA
BULL
Code
name
14,19
16,13
16,13
19,35
22,58
25,81
32,26
38,71
45,16
48,39
51,61
58,06
64,52
64,52
80,64
96,77
96,77
112,90
129,00
145,20
161,30
193,50
225,80
225,80
258,10
258,10
290,30
322,60
387,10
483,90
527,87
Equival.
copper
area
mm2
7/2,06
3/3,35
7/2,21
3/3,66
7/2,59
7/2,79
7/3,10
7/3,40
7/3,66
7/3,78
7/3,91
7/4,17
7/4,39
19/2,67
7/4,90
7/5,36
19/3,25
19/3,53
19/3,78
19/3,99
19/4,22
19/4,65
19/5,00
37/3,58
19/5,36
37/3,78
37/4,09
37/4,27
37/4,65
37/5,23
64/4,25
Stranding
and wire
diameter
mm
6,18
7,24
6,63
7,91
7,77
8,37
9,30
10,20
10,98
11,34
11,73
12,51
13,17
13,35
14,70
16,08
16,25
17,65
18,90
19,95
21,10
23,25
25,00
25,06
26,80
26,46
28,63
29,89
32,55
36,61
38,25
Overall
diameter
mm
23,33
26,44
26,85
31,56
36,88
42,80
52,83
63,55
73,65
78,55
84,05
95,60
105,95
106,38
132,00
157,95
157,62
185,95
213,22
237,57
265,75
322,66
373,06
372,44
428,72
415,22
486,11
529,84
628,34
794,87
865,36
Aluminium
area
mm2
64
73
74
86
101
117
145
174
202
216
231
262
291
293
362
434
435
513
588
652
731
888
1027
1030
1180
1145
1340
1460
1733
2191
2400
Mass
kg/km
4340
4340
4860
5130
6360
7250
8770
10400
12000
12700
13600
15400
17000
18200
21000
25100
26000
30300
34500
38300
42700
51500
59400
60600
68200
67200
78200
85000
100000
126000
139000
Ultimate
tensile
strength
newtons
442
442
495
523
648
739
894
1060
1220
1290
1390
1570
1730
1860
2140
2560
2650
3090
3520
3900
4350
5250
6060
6180
6950
6850
7970
8660
10200
12800
14200
Breaking
load
kg
BRITISH STANDARD
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
52400
50000
52400
60000
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
49650
52400
52400
49650
49650
49650
49650
49650
49650
49650
48250
49650
48250
48250
48250
48250
48250
46200
61000
69000
61000
69000
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
59650
61000
61000
59650
59650
59650
59650
59650
59650
59650
58600
59650
58600
58600
58600
58600
58600
57570
1,2271
1,0810
1,0662
0,9078
0,7763
0,6690
0,5419
0,4505
0,3887
0,3644
0,3406
0,2995
0,2702
0,2704
0,2169
0,1813
0,1825
0,1547
0,1349
0,1211
0,1083
0,0892
0,0771
0,0774
0,0671
0,0694
0,0593
0,0544
0,0459
0,0363
0,0334
Coefficient
DC
Initial
Final
modulus
of linear
modulus resistance
/C10 -6
ohms/km
N/mm2
N/mm2
139
154
152
172
185
203
231
259
284
296
308
334
356
358
408
456
457
506
551
589
632
713
779
779
849
833
918
967
1070
1230
1300
Current
rating
Amps
BS-215 (Part 1): 1970
18
64,52
80,65
80,65
HYENA
LEOP
ARD
LEOPARD
COYOTE
80,65
96,77
112,90
129,00
145,20
161,30
193,50
225,80
225,80
225,80
258,10
258,10
290,30
290,30
322,60
6,45
12,90
16,30
19,35
22,58
25,81
32,26
38,71
38,71
45,16
45,16
48,39
51,61
58,06
64,52
64,52
MOLE
SQUIRREL
GOPHER
WEASEL
FOX
FERRET
RABBIT
MINK
SKUNK
BEAVER
HORSE
RACCOON
OTTER
CAT
HARE
DOG
TIGER
WOLF
LYNX
PANTHER
LION
BEAR
GOAT
SHEEP
ANTELOPE
BISON
DEER
ZEBRA
ELK
CAMEL
MOOSE
Equival.
copper
area
mm 2
Code
name
Stranding Diam- Overall Alueter diameter minium
and wire
mm
area
diameter over
steel
(Std.)
mm2
mm
mm
6/1/1,50
1,50
4,50
10,60
6/1/2,11
2,11
6,33
20,98
6/1/2,36
2,36
7,08
26,25
6/1/2,59
2,59
7,77
31,61
6/1/2,79
2,79
8,37
36,68
6/1/3,00
3,00
9,00
42,41
6/1/3,35
3,35
10,05
52,88
6/1/3,66
3,66
10,98
63,13
12/7/2,59
7,77
12,95
63,22
6/1/3,99
3,99
11,97
75,02
12/7/2,79
8,37
13,95
73,36
6/1/4,09
4,09
12,27
78,83
6/1/4,22
4,22
12,66
83,92
6/1/4,50
4,50
13,50
95,43
6/1/4,72
4,72
14,16 104,98
6/4,72
4,71
14,15 104,98
+7/1,57
7/4,39
5,79
14,57 105,95
+7/1,93
6/5,28
5,25
15,81 131,37
+7/1,75
26/2,54
5,73
15,89 131,74
+7/1,91
30/7/2,36
4,72
16,52 131,23
30/7/2,59
7,77
18,13 158,06
30/7/2,79
8,37
19,53 183,41
30/7/3,00
9,00
21,00 212,06
30/7/3,18
9,54
22,26 238,27
30/7/3,35 10,05
23,45 264,42
30/7/3,71 11,13
25,97 324,31
30/7/3,99 11,97
27,93 375,11
54/7/2,97
8,91
26,73 374,11
54/7/3,00
9,00
27,00 381,70
30/7/4,27 12,81
29,89 429,60
54/7/3,18
9,54
28,62 428,88
30/7/4,50 13,50
31,50 477,13
54/7/3,35 10,05
30,15 475,96
54/7/3,53 10,59
31,77 528,49
20,06
16,84
20,48
1,77
3,50
4,37
5,27
6,11
7,07
8,81
10,52
36,88
12,50
42,80
13,14
13,99
15,90
17,50
12,70
Steel
area
mm 2
30,62
36,88
42,80
49,48
55,60
61,70
75,67
87,53
48,50
49,48
100,24
55,60
111,33
61,70
68,51
161,85
194,94
226,20
261,54
293,86
326,12
399,98
462,63
422,60
431,18
529,84
484,48
588,46
537,66
596,99
151,80
148,21
126,43
12,37
24,48
30,62
36,88
42,80
49,48
61,70
73,65
100,10
87,53
116,16
91,97
97,91
111,33
122,48
117,69
Total
area
mm 2
362
438
507
586
659
730
896
1040
1040
1060
1190
1186
1318
1314
1466
365
360
290
29
58
72
87
101
117
145
173
175
205
203
217
231
262
288
288
Aluminium
240
289
335
388
436
483
593
692
383
391
792
435
872
483
536
157
132
160
14
27
34
41
48
55
69
82
290
97
335
103
110
124
137
106
Steel
Mass kg/km
602
727
842
974
1095
1213
1489
1730
1420
1450
1980
1621
2190
1797
2002
522
492
450
43
85
106
128
149
172
214
255
465
302
538
320
341
386
425
394
Total
BRITISH STANDARD
58700
69200
79300
90800
101000
112000
136000
157000
117000
119000
179000
133000
199000
147000
162000
47300
42200
41900
4780
8020
9610
11450
13100
15200
18500
21900
52900
25900
60700
27200
28900
32800
36000
34700
Ultimate
tensile
strength
newtons
5980
7050
8080
9260
10300
11400
13900
16000
11900
12100
18200
13600
20300
15000
16500
4820
4300
4270
487
818
990
1160
1340
1530
1890
2230
5390
2640
6190
2770
2950
3340
3670
3540
18,43
18,43
18,43
18,43
18,43
18,43
18,43
18,43
19,91
19,91
18,43
19,91
18,43
19,91
19,91
19,54
19,54
18,93
19,31
19,31
19,31
19,31
19,31
19,31
19,31
19,31
15,84
19,31
15,84
19,31
19,31
19,31
19,31
19,92
56900
55700
54900
54300
53900
53600
53100
52900
47700
47600
52800
47300
52700
47000
46700
51900
47800
52400
65000
54600
52700
51500
50700
50200
49500
49100
71900
48800
71000
48700
48700
48500
48500
48800
83400
83400
83400
83400
83400
83400
83400
83400
73200
73200
83400
73200
83400
73200
73200
76000
76300
82200
80400
80400
80400
80400
80400
80400
80400
80400
108000
80400
108000
80400
80400
80400
80400
76400
0,2202
0,1828
0,1576
0,1363
0,1213
0,1093
0,0891
0,0770
0,0773
0,0757
0,0673
0,0674
0,0606
0,0607
0,0547
0,3035
0,2184
0,2697
2,7062
1,3677
1,0933
0,9077
0,7822
0,6766
0,5426
0,4546
0,4571
0,3825
0,3939
0,3640
0,3419
0,3007
0,2733
0,2733
420
470
520
560
610
650
730
800
790
800
870
860
930
920
980
420
410
360
87
130
150
170
190
210
240
260
270
290
300
300
310
340
360
360
Initial
Final
DC
Breaking Coefficient modulus modulus resistance
of
of
at 20C Current
of linear
load
elasticity
elasticity
ohms/km rating
expansion
kg
N/mm2 N/mm2
(Std.)
Amps
/C10 -6
BS-215 (Part 2): 1970
19
ACACIA
ALMOND
CEDAR
35
FIR
HAZEL
PINE
70
WILLOW
80
90
OAK
100
MULBERRY
ASH
ELM
POPLAR
225
SYCAMORE
UP
AS
UPAS
350
YEW
Code
name
13
16
19
22
25
32
38
45
48
51
58
63
63
80
96
112
119
143
161
192
224
254
Equival.
copper
area
mm2
7/2,08
7/2,34
7/2,54
7/2,77
7/2,95
7/3,30
7/3,61
7/3,91
7/4,04
7/4,19
7/4,45
7/4,65
19/2,82
19/3,18
19/3,48
19/3,76
37/2,87
37/3,05
37/3,23
37/3,53
37/3,81
37/4,06
Stranding
and wire
diameter
mm
6,24
7,02
7,59
8,31
8,85
9,90
10,83
11,73
12,12
12,57
13,35
13,95
14,10
15,90
17,40
18,80
20,09
21,35
22,61
24,71
26,67
28,42
Overall
diameter
mm
23,79
30,10
35,47
42,18
47,84
59,87
71,65
84,05
89,73
96,52
108,9
118,9
118,7
150,9
180,7
210,9
239,4
270,3
303,2
362,1
421,8
479,0
Aluminium
area
mm2
65
82
97
115
131
164
196
230
246
264
298
325
326
415
497
580
658
745
835
997
1162
1319
Mass
kg/km
6690
8440
9960
11860
13430
16820
20200
23630
25200
27060
30400
33330
33330
42350
50690
59220
67350
75780
85000
101670
118430
134510
Ultimate
tensile
strength
newtons
682
861
1016
1210
1370
1716
2060
2410
2570
2760
3100
3400
3400
4320
5170
6040
6870
7730
8670
10370
12080
13720
Breaking
load
kg
BRITISH STANDARD
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
52500
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
49650
49650
49650
49650
48250
48250
48250
48250
48250
48250
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
59650
59650
59650
59650
58600
48600
58600
58600
58600
58600
1,39
1,10
0,934
0,785
0,692
0,553
0,462
0,394
0,369
0,343
0,306
0,279
0,280
0,221
0,184
0,158
0,139
0,123
0,110
0,0921
0,0791
0,0696
Coefficient
DC
Initial
Final
modulus
of linear
modulus resistance
/C10 -6
ohms/km
N/mm2
N/mm2
133
153
169
189
204
235
262
290
302
316
339
359
359
416
467
513
551
600
643
718
789
853
Current
rating
Amps
BS-3242 : 1970
BRITISH STANDARD
BS EN
50189:2000
Properties of ST1A Wires
Density at 20 C
Coefficient of linear expansion
Modulus of elasticity
o
Resistivity at 20 C
7.78 kg/dm
-6
-1
11.5 x 10 K
207000 N/mm2
192 n m
Steel Wires also available in ST2B, ST3D, ST4A, ST5E and ST6C.
20
CANADIAN STANDARD
CSA C-49/1965
Minimum ultimate tensile stress
Nominal wire
diameter
Before stranding
inch
mm
0.0501-0.0600
0.0601-0.0700
0.0701-0.0800
0.0801-0.0900
0.0901-0.1000
0.1001-0.1100
0.1101-0.1200
0.1201-0.1400
0.1401-0.1500
0.1501-0.1600
0.1601-0.2100
0.2101-0.2200
1.27-1.52
1.53-1.77
1.78-2.20
2.03-2.28
2.29-2.54
2.55-2.79
2.80-3.04
3.05-3.55
3.56-3.80
3.81-4.06
4.07-5.33
5.34-5.59
Ib/in2
29000
28500
28000
27500
27000
26000
25500
25000
24500
24000
24000
23500
N/mm2
199.95
196.50
193.05
189.60
186.16
179.26
175.82
172.37
168.92
165.47
165.47
162.03
After stranding
Ib/in2
27,550
27,075
26,600
26,125
25,650
24,700
24,225
23,750
23,275
22,800
22,800
22,325
Ib/in2
Ultimate Elongation in
10 inches (250 mm)
Before
After
Stranding
Stranding
percent
189.95
186.67
183.40
180.12
176.85
170.30
167.03
163.75
160.47
157.20
157.20
153.93
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1 lb/in2=6.894757x10-3 N/mm2
Tolerances on nominal
diameter of wire: max. 0.0010 inch
0.00254 mm
Resistivity at 20C
Density at 20C
2.703 g/cm3
0.097652 lb/in3
21
22
Equival.
copper
area
mm2
13.30
16.77
21.15
26.67
33.62
42.41
53.50
67.43
85.01
95.59
107.21
126.69
152.01
159.38
177.40
202.70
288.01
239.00
253.39
278.71
304.09
329.29
354.72
380.02
405.41
437.72
456.01
481.42
506.71
Code
name
ROSE
LIL
Y
LILY
IRIS
PANSY
POPPY
ASTER
PHLOX
OXLIP
DAISY
PEONY
TULIP
CANNA
COSMOS
ZINNIA
DAHLIA
ORCHID
VIOLET
PETUNIA
ARBUTUS
ANEMONE
MAGNOLIA
BLUEBELL
MARIGOLD
HAWTHORN
NARCISSUS
COLUMBINE
CARNATION
GLADIOLUS
COREOPSIS
7/1.96
7/2.20
7/2.47
7/2.77
7/3.12
7/3.50
7/3.93
7/4.41
7/4.96
19/3.19
19/3.38
19/3.67
19/4.02
19/4.12
19/4.34
37/3.33
37/3.53
37/3.61
37/3.72
37/3.90
37/4.08
37/4.24
61/3.43
61/3.55
61/3.67
61/3.78
61/3.89
61/3.99
61/4.10
Stranding
and wire
diameter
mm
21.12
26.61
33.54
42.18
53.52
67.35
84.91
106.92
135.25
151.85
170.48
200.99
241.15
253.30
281.08
322.24
362.11
378.71
402.14
442.00
483.74
522.42
563.65
603.78
645.29
684.55
724.97
762.72
805.36
mm2
mm
5.88
6.60
7.41
8.31
9.36
10.50
11.79
13.23
14.88
15.95
16.90
18.35
20.10
20.60
21.70
23.31
24.71
25.27
26.04
27.30
28.56
29.68
30.87
31.95
33.03
34.02
35.01
35.91
36.90
Aluminium
area
Overall
diameter
58.00
73.00
92.10
116
147
185
233
294
371
419
470
554
665
699
775
891
1000
1050
1110
1220
1340
1440
1560
1670
1790
1900
2010
2110
2230
kg/km
Mass
4020
4830
5860
7150
8870
11000
13700
17100
21600
25100
27900
32600
38900
40700
45100
52900
59000
61600
65200
71400
77800
83900
92200
98400
105000
111000
117000
123000
130000
Ultimate
tensile
strength
newtons
410
492
597
729
904
1120
1400
1740
2200
2560
2840
3320
3970
4150
4660
5390
6010
6280
6650
7280
7930
8550
9400
10000
10700
11300
11900
12500
13300
kg
Breaking
load
CANADIAN STANDARD
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
52400
49650
49650
49650
49650
49650
49650
48250
48250
48250
48250
48250
48250
48250
46200
46200
46200
46200
46200
46200
46200
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
61000
59650
59650
59650
59650
59650
59650
58600
58600
58600
58600
58600
58600
58600
57570
57570
57570
57570
57570
57570
57570
1.3555
1.0759
0.8535
0.6787
0.5349
0.4251
0.3372
0.2678
0.2117
0.1894
0.1687
0.1431
0.1193
0.1136
0.1023
0.0895
0.0796
0.0761
0.0717
0.0652
0.0596
0.0552
0.0513
0.0479
0.0448
0.0422
0.0399
0.0379
0.0359
Final
DC
Coefficient
Initial
modulus resistance
of linear
modulus
N/mm2
ohms/km
/C10 -6
N/mm2
130
150
170
200
230
270
310
360
410
450
480
531
590
610
650
710
770
790
820
870
910
960
1000
1050
1100
1130
1170
1200
1240
Amps
Current
rating
C 49 - 1965
23
152.00
152.00
152.00
152.00
159.40
PELICAN
FLICKER
HEN
HAWK
HERON
85.01
95.60
95.60
WAXWING
PIPER
OSTRICH
107.20
126.70
126.70
126.70
85.01
OWL
MERLIN
CHICADEE
LARK
IBIS
42.41
53.49
67.43
85.01
QUAIL
PIGEON
PENGUIN
PARTRIDGE
107.20
107.20
5.26
6.63
8.37
10.55
13.30
16.77
21.15
26.67
36.62
WREN
WARBLER
TURKEY
THRUSH
SWAN
SWALLOW
SP
ARROW
SPARROW
ROBIN
RAVEN
ORIOLE
LINNET
Equival.
copper
area
mm 2
Code
name
6/1/3.78
6/1/4.25
6/1/4.77
26/2.57
+7/2.00
6/5.36
+7/1.79
18/1/3.09
30/7/2.54
26/2.73
+7/2.12
30/7/2.69
26/2.89
+7/2.25
18/1/3.47
18/1/3.77
30/7/2.92
26/3.14
+7/2.44
18/1/4.14
24/3.58
+7/2.39
30/7/3.20
26/3.44
+7/2.68
30/7/3.28
6/1/1.33
6/1/1.50
6/1/1.68
6/1/1.89
6/1/2.12
6/1/2.38
6/1/2.67
6/1/3.00
6/1/3.37
Stranding
and wire
diameter
mm
9.84
9.60
8.04
4.14
7.17
3.47
3.77
8.76
7.32
8.07
6.75
3.09
7.62
6.31
5.36
3.78
4.25
4.77
6.00
1.33
1.50
1.68
1.89
2.12
2.38
2.67
3.00
3.37
22.96
22.40
21.80
20.70
21.49
17.37
18.87
20.44
19.88
18.83
18.31
15.47
17.78
17.28
253.49
241.27
241.65
242.31
241.58
170.22
200.93
200.90
201.34
170.50
170.55
134.98
152.01
152.19
135.39
53.52
67.33
85.12
107.22
134.87
10.11
11.34
12.75
14.31
16.28
16.09
8.34
10.60
13.30
16.83
21.18
26.69
33.59
42.41
3.99
4.50
5.04
5.67
6.36
7.14
8.01
9.00
DiamAlueter
over Overall minium
diamarea
steel
mm eter mm mm2
59.15
56.30
39.49
13.46
31.40
9.46
11.16
46.88
32.73
39.78
27.83
7.50
35.47
24.71
17.62
8.92
11.22
14.19
17.87
21.99
1.39
1.77
2.22
2.81
3.53
4.45
5.60
7.07
Steel
area
mm 2
312.64
297.57
281.13
255.77
272.99
179.68
212.09
247.77
234.07
210.28
198.39
142.48
187.48
176.90
153.00
62.44
78.55
99.30
125.09
156.87
9.73
12.37
15.52
19.64
24.71
31.14
39.19
49.48
Total
area
mm 2
702
668
669
669
668
470
555
557
557
472
472
373
421
421
372
147
185
234
295
373
22.90
29.20
36.60
46.30
58.30
73.40
92.40
117
Aluminium
468
445
312
106
248
74.40
87.90
371
259
315
220
59
280
195
139
70.20
88.30
112
141
174
10.90
13.90
17.40
22.10
27.80
35.00
44.10
55.60
Steel
Mass kg/km
1170
1110
981
775
916
544
643
928
816
787
692
432
701
616
511
217
273
346
436
547
33.80
43.10
54.00
68.40
86.10
108
137
173
Total
CANADIAN STANDARD
108000
103000
84300
53800
75600
38300
44900
86300
71000
74200
61200
30800
66900
55200
43600
18700
23300
29300
36800
49800
4100
4780
5600
6700
8080
9850
12100
15000
11000
10500
8590
5480
7710
3900
4580
9820
7240
7560
6240
3140
6820
5630
4440
1910
2380
2990
3750
5080
418
487
571
683
824
1000
1230
1530
18.43
18.43
19.36
21.44
19.91
21.44
21.44
18.43
19.38
18.43
19.37
21.44
18.43
19.38
19.90
19.31
19.31
19.31
19.31
19.37
19.31
19.31
19.31
19.31
19.31
19.31
19.31
19.31
Ultimate Break- Coefficient

of linear
ing
tensile
strength load expansion
/C10 -6
kg
newtons
53700
53900
49500
40700
47300
41300
41000
54500
50100
55300
50900
41900
55900
51500
47800
49400
49000
48600
48500
52400
71100
65000
60500
57000
54500
52600
51200
50200
83400
83400
77100
66200
73900
66200
66200
83400
77000
83400
77100
66200
83400
77000
76500
80400
80400
80400
80400
77100
80400
80400
80400
80400
80400
80400
80400
80400
Final
Initial
modulus modulus
of
of
elasticity elasticity
N/mm2
N/mm 2
0.1140
0.1198
0.1195
0.1189
0.1195
0.1686
0.1427
0.1438
0.1434
0.1695
0.1692
0.2126
0.1901
0.1897
0.2119
0.5361
0.4261
0.3371
0.2676
0.2140
3.4423
2.7062
2.1574
1.7046
1.3548
1.0750
0.8541
0.6766
630
610
610
600
610
480
530
550
540
490
490
420
460
460
420
240
270
320
370
420
75
87
100
120
130
150
180
210
DC
resistance Current
rating
at 20C
ohms/km Amps
C 49 - 1965
24
192.80
202.70
DUCK
ROOK
212.30
228.00
228.00
228.00
253.40
253.40
253.40
253.40
278.70
286.80
304.00
GULL
REDWING
STARLING
CROW
TERN
MALLARD
DRAKE
CONDOR
CRANE
CANARY
RAIL
202.70
212.30
192.80
TEAL
GOOSE
FLAMINGO
192.80
SQUAB
202.70
192.80
PEACOCK
GROSBEAK
177.40
177.40
EAGLE
DOVE
202.70
177.40
177.40
OSPREY
PARAKEET
EGRET
Equival.
copper
area
mm2
Code
name
18/1/4.47
24/3.87
+7/2.58
30/7/3.46
26/3.72
+7/2.89
24/4.03
+7/2.69
26/3.87
+7/3.01
30/3.61
+19/2.16
54/7/2.69
24/4.14
+7/2.76
30/3.70
+19/2.22
26/3.97
+7/3.09
54/7/2.76
24/4.20
+7/2.82
54/7/2.82
30/3.92
+19/2.35
26/4.21
+7/3.28
54/7/2.92
45/3.38
+7/2.25
30/4/.14
+19/2.48
26/4.44
+7/3.45
54/7/3.08
54/7/3.23
54/7/3.28
45/3.70
+7/2.47
Stranding
and wire
diameter
mm
9.24
9.69
9.84
7.41
10.35
12.40
8.76
6.75
9.84
8.46
11.75
8.28
8.46
9.27
11.10
8.07
8.28
10.80
9.03
8.07
10.38
8.67
4.47
7.74
Diameter
over
steel
mm
27.76
29.11
29.51
29.59
28.11
28.96
26.28
27.00
26.68
25.38
27.43
24.84
25.38
25.15
25.90
24.21
24.82
25.25
24.54
24.21
24.22
23.55
22.33
23.22
402.33
442.47
456.28
483.84
402.56
403.84
361.62
403.77
361.93
337.27
362.06
323.07
337.27
321.84
322.56
306.89
323.07
307.06
305.83
306.13
282.07
282.59
282.47
282.31
AluOverall minium
diamarea
eter mm mm2
52.15
57.36
59.15
33.54
65.44
91.78
46.88
27.83
59.15
43.72
82.41
41.88
43.72
52.49
73.54
39.78
41.88
69.62
49.81
39.78
65.82
45.92
15.69
36.60
Steel
area
mm2
454.49
499.83
515.43
517.39
468.00
495.62
408.49
431.60
421.08
380.99
444.47
364.95
380.99
374.34
396.11
346.68
364.95
376.68
355.64
345.92
347.89
328.50
298.17
318.90
Total
area
mm2
1120
1230
1260
1340
1110
1120
1000
1120
1000
935
1000
895
932
891
894
851
893
851
847
846
781
782
780
780
Aluminium
412
453
468
265
517
728
371
220
468
346
654
331
346
415
583
315
331
552
394
315
520
363
124
289
Steel
Mass kg/km
62500
87300
6370
8900
94400
9620
97500 9940
99200 10100
1530
1680
1730
1610
125000
137000
141000
117000
12700
14000
14400
11900
1630 137000 14000
1850 170000 17300
1370 113000 11500

1340 98700 10100
1470 124000 12600
1280 106000 10800

1650 154000 15700
1230 102000 10400

1278 103000 10500
1310 111000 11300
1480 139000 14200
1170
1224
1400 132000 13500
1240 105000 10700
1161
19.91
19.91
19.91
21.11
19.38
18.50
19.91
21.12
19.36
19.91
18.49
19.91
19.91
19.37
18.49
19.91
19.91
18.50
19.37
19.91
18.43
19.38
21.44
19.91
47500
47200
47100
42400
48400
53400
47800
42900
48600
48100
53800
48300
46500
48800
54200
48600
46500
54400
48900
46700
53400
49000
40500
46800
73200
73200
73200
66700
77000
81900
73200
66600
77100
73200
81900
73200
73800
77100
81900
73200
73800
81800
77100
73900
83400
77000
66200
73800
0.0718
0.0653
0.0634
0.0598
0.0717
0.0716
0.0799
0.0718
0.0798
0.0857
0.0798
0.0895
0.0856
0.0897
0.0896
0.0942
0.0894
0.0941
0.0944
0.0943
0.1024
0.1021
0.1018
0.1023
830
880
900
920
830
840
780
830
780
740
790
720
740
730
730
700
720
710
700
700
670
670
660
670
Current
rating
Amps
C 49 - 1965
Initial
Final
DC
Ultimate Break- Coefficient modulus modulus
resistance
ing
of linear
tensile
of
of
strength load expansion elasticity elasticity at 20C
kg
/C10 -6
newtons
N/mm2 N/mm2 ohms/km
1300 119000 12100

1150 97400 9930
904
1069
Total
CANADIAN STANDARD
25
456.00
481.40
481.40
506.70
506.70
567.00
NUTHATCH
PARROT
LAPWING
FALCON
CHUKAR
456.00
BOBLINK
PLOVER
430.70
405.40
BITTERN
MARTIN
380.00
GRACKLE
430.70
380.00
BUNTING
DIPPER
354.70
FINCH
405.40
329.40
354.70
CURLEW
BLUEJAY
PHEASANT
305.00
329.40
Equival.
copper
area
mm2
CARDINAL
ORTLAN
Code
name
54/7/3.38
45/3.85
+7/2.57
54/7/3.52
45/4.00
+7/2.66
54/3.65
+19/2.19
45/4.14
+7/2.76
54/3.77
+19/2.27
45/4.27
+7/2.85
54/3.90
+19/2.34
45/4.40
+7/2.92
54/4.02
+19/2.41
45/4.53
+7/3.02
54/4.14
+19/2.48
45/4.65
+7/3.10
54/4.25
+19/2.55
45/4.77
+7/3.18
54/4.36
+19/2.62
84/3.70
+19/2.22
Stranding
and wire
diameter
mm
11.10
13.10
9.54
12.75
9.30
12.40
9.06
12.05
8.76
11.70
8.55
11.35
8.28
10.95
10.56
7.98
10.14
7.71
40.69
39.24
38.15
38.25
37.21
37.21
36.25
36.17
35.18
35.36
34.16
33.99
33.07
32.84
31.65
31.98
30.38
30.81
903.18
806.23
804.15
766.06
764.20
726.92
725.27
685.39
684.24
645.08
644.40
602.79
605.76
565.03
525.50
565.49
484.53
523.87
DiamAlueter
over Overall minium
area
diamsteel
mm eter mm mm2
55.60
97.03
52.83
91.78
50.14
86.67
46.88
81.71
44.66
76.89
41.88
71.57
68.12
38.90
62.81
36.31
Steel
area
mm2
73.54
102.43
976.72
908.66
859.75
863.09
817.04
818.70
775.41
772.06
731.12
726.79
689.06
679.68
647.64
636.60
593.62
604.39
547.33
560.18
Total
area
mm2
2497
2230
2220
2120
2110
2010
2010
1900
1890
1790
1780
1670
1680
1570
1460
1560
1340
1450
Aluminium
583
813
440
770
418
728
396
687
371
648
353
610
331
568
539
308
497
287
Steel
Mass kg/km
3080
3040
2660
2890
2530
2740
2410
2590
2260
2440
2130
2280
2010
2138
2000
1870
1840
1740
Total
CANADIAN STANDARD
233000 23800
246000 25100
190000 19400
234000 23900
181000 18500
222000 22600
172000 17500
210000 21400
162000 16500
199000 20300
154000 15700
187000 19100
145000 14800
176000 17900
161000 16400
135000 13800
149000 15200
126000 12800
20.85
19.96
21.12
19.97
21.12
19.97
21.12
19.97
21.13
19.97
21.11
19.95
21.12
19.97
19.91
21.13
19.91
21.11
Ultimate Break- Coefficient

ing
tensile
of linear
strength load expansion
kg
/C10 -6
newtons
43600
46400
41600
46400
41600
46500
41700
46700
41700
46900
41900
47100
41900
47300
46700
42000
46900
42200
67500
72300
66700
72300
66700
72200
66700
72300
66500
72300
66700
72300
66700
72300
73200
66600
73200
66700
0.0321
0.0359
0.0359
0.0377
0.0378
0.0398
0.0399
0.0422
0.0422
0.0448
0.0449
0.0480
0.0478
0.0512
0.0550
0.0513
0.0597
0.0552
1300
1300
1300
1200
1200
1200
1200
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
1100
980
1000
930
970
Final
Initial
DC
modulus modulus
resistance Current
of
of
rating
at 20C
elasticity elasticity
2
ohms/km Amps
N/mm
2
N/mm
C 49 - 1965
CANADIAN SIZES
ALL-ALUMINIUM ALLOY CONDUCTOR - (AAAC)
Area
Stranding Overall
and wire diameter
diameter
Weight
Nominal
breaking
load
Maximum resistance
at 20C
kg/km
kgf
ohm/km
Copper
Equivalent
Aluminium
AWG
or MCM
Total Area
C 49 - 1965
mm2
AWG
or MCM
mm2
MCM
mm2
mm
mm
8.4
10
5.3
19
9.5
7/1.32
3.96
26
295
3.416
10.6
6.6
24
12.0
7/1.48
4.44
33
370
2.710
6
5
13.3
8.4
30
15.2
7/1.66
4.98
41
470
2.148
16.8
10.6
38
19.1
7/1.86
5.58
52
590
1.703
21.2
13.3
48
24.1
7/2.09
6.27
66
745
1.352
26.7
16.8
60
30.4
7/2.35
7.05
83
940
1.0720
2
1
33.6
21.2
76
38.3
7/2.64
7.92
105
1185
0.8494
42.4
26.7
95
48.3
7/2.96
8.88
132
1495
0.6742
1/0
53.5
33.6
120
61.0
7/3.33
9.99
166
1885
0.5344
2/0
67.4
41.4
152
76.8
7/3.74
11.22
210
2375
0.4238
3/0
4/0
85.0
1/0
53.5
192
97.0
7/4.20
12.60
265
3000
0.3355
107.2
2/0
67.4
241
122.3
7/4.72
14.15
334
3780
0.2666
4/0
107.2
2/0
67.4
241
122.3
19/2.86
14.30
335
3780
0.2678
266.8
135.2
3/0
85.0
304
154.1
19/3.21
16.05
423
4765
0.2125
300
336
152.0
189
95.6
342
173.4
19/3.41
17.05
475
5360
0.1889
170.5
4/0
107.2
384
194.4
19/3.61
18.05
533
6010
0.1684
397.5
201.4
250
126.7
453
229.7
19/3.92
19.60
629
7100
0.1423
477
241.7
300
152.0
544
275.7
19/4.30
21.50
756
8530
0.1187
500
556.5
253.3
315
159.4
570
288.8
37/3.15
22.05
796
8930
0.1187
282.0
350
177.3
635
321.5
37/3.33
23.31
885
9930
0.1026
636
322.3
400
202.7
725
367.4
37/3.56
24.92
1012
11350
0.0895
715.5
362.5
450
228.0
816
413.5
37/3.77
26.39
1140
12775
0.0795
750
795
380.0
472
239.2
856
433.7
37/3.86
27.02
1195
13400
0.0758
402.8
500
253.4
907
459.4
37/3.98
27.86
1266
14200
0.0714
814.5
443.1
550
278.7
997
505.2
37/4.16
29.12
1391
15625
0.0650
26
CANADIAN STANDARD
TYPES OF CORE WIRES SW AND MW
CSA C-49/1965
Inch-pound units
Nominal wire
diameter
inch
0.0500-0.0599
0.0600-0.0749
0.0750-0.0899
0.0900-0.1039
0.1040-0.1199
0.1200-0.1399
0.1400-0.1799
0.1800-0.1899
Ultimate T
ensile
Tensile
strength
Before
After
stranding
ib/inch2
190000
190000
190000
190000
190000
190000
190000
190000
180500
180500
180500
180500
180500
180500
180500
180500
Ultimate Elongation
in 10 inch
Before
After
stranding
Stress at 1%
elongation
under load
Weight
of zinc
percent
lb/inch2
oz/ft 2
170,000
170,000
170,000
165,000
165,000
160,000
160,000
160,000
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
1.00
N/mm2
g/m2
1172
1172
1172
1138
1138
1103
1103
1103
183
198
214
229
244
259
275
305
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.5
4.5
5.0
5.0
5.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
4.0
4.0
4.5
4.5
4.5
Ratio mandrel
diameter to wire
diamter for
adherence test
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
1inch = 25.4 mm
1 lb/in2 = 6.894757x10-3 N/mm2
1 oz/ff2 = 305.152 g/m2
Metric units
mm
1.270-1.521
1.524-1.902
1.905-2.283
2.286-2.639
2.642-3.045
3.048-3.553
3.556-4.569
4.572-4.823
N/mm2
N/mm2
1310
1310
1310
1310
1310
1310
1310
1310
1244.5
1244.5
1244.5
1244.5
1244.5
1244.5
1244.5
1244.5
percent
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.5
4.5
5.0
5.0
5.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
4.0
4.0
4.5
4.5
4.5
Tolerance on nominal diameter of wires

Inch units
Metric units
Nominal
diameter
Tolerance
minus
plus
Nominal diameter
inch
inch
mm
0.0500-0.0749
0.0750-0.1199
0.1200-0.1399
0.1400-0.1899
0.0015
0.0020
0.0030
0.0040
0.0010
0.0020
0.0020
0.0030
1.270-1.902
1.905-3.045
3.048-3.553
3.556-4.823
27
Tolerance
minus
plus
mm
0.0381
0.0508
0.0762
0.1016
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
Density at 20C
7.78 g/cm3
0.281 lb/in3
0.0254
0.0508
0.0508
0.0762
FRENCH STANDARD
NF C 34-120/1976
Ultimate elongation in
2000 mm (7..87 in)
Nominal wire
diameter
mm
inch
1.50
d1.75
1.75
1.50d
1.75
d2.00
2.00
1.75d
2.00
d2.25
2.00
2.25
d2.50
2.25
2.50
2.75
2.50d2.75
2.75
d3.00
3.00
2.75d
3.00
d3.25
3.25
3.00d
3.25
d3.50
3.50
3.25d
3.50
d3.75
3.75
3.50d
3.75
d4.25
4.25
3.75d
4.25
d4.50
4.50
4.25d
0.0590d0.0689
0.0689d0.0787
0.0787d0.0886
0.0886d0.0984
0.0984d0.1083
0.1080d0.1181
0.1181d0.1279
0.1279d0.1378
0.1378d0.1476
0.1476d0.1673
0.1673d0.1772
Before stranding
After stranding
hbar
hbar
18.82
18.42
18.03
17.64
17.25
16.86
16.56
16.37
16.17
15.97
15.88
lb/in2
27340
26716
26150
25585
25019
24453
24018
23742
23453
23162
23032
lb/in2
17.84
17.54
17.15
16.76
16.37
15.97
15.68
15.58
15.39
15.19
15.09
25,875
25,440
24,874
24,308
23,743
23,162
22,742
22,597
22,321
22,031
21,886
Before
Stranding
%
After
Stranding
%
1.00
1.20
1.50
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.50
2.50
0.50
0.70
1.00
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
2.00
2.00
1 hbar = 1450.3806 lb/in2
TOLERANCES ON NOMINAL DIAMETERS OF WIRES

Nominal diameter
mm
inch
d2.50
2.50
d0.0984
d2.50
2.50
d0.0984
Resistivity at 20C
Tolerance
0.025 mm
0.000984 in
1%
Density at 20C
2.703 g/cm3
0.097652 lb/in3
TORSION STREES
(BEFORE STRANDING)
Torsion
twist
Length
25
12
100xd
50xd
BENDING TEST (BEFORE STRANDING)

Nominal wire
diameter
mm
1.50
d1.75
1.75
1.50d
1.76
d2.00
2.00
1.76d
2.00
d2.25
2.25
2.00d
2.25
d2.50
2.50
2.25d
2.50
d2.75
2.75
2.50d
2.75
d3.00
3.00
2.75d
3.00
d3.25
3.25
3.00d
3.25
d
3.50
3.25d3.50
3.50
d
3.75
3.50d3.75
3.75
d4.25
4.25
3.75d
4.25
d4.50
4.50
4.25d
28
Bending Bending
radius
mm
10
9
8
8
11
11
10
10
9
9
8
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
FRENCH STANDARD
NF C 34-125/1976
Nominal wire
diameter
mm
inch
2.00
0.0787
2.10
0.0827
2.25
0.0886
2.50
0.0984
2.61
0.1027
2.80
0.1102
3.15
0.1240
3.45
0.1358
3.47
0.1366
3.55
0.1398
3.60
0.1417
3.72
0.1465
4.00
0.1575
4.24
0.1669
1hbar = 1450.3726 lb/in2
Minimum tensile
strength
hbar
32.4
31.9
lb/in2
46992
462
Ultimate Elongation
on 200 mm (7.874 in)
Before
After
stranding
%
Bending test
mm
Bending
radius
Bending
inch
0.1968
0.1968
10
0.3937
10
0.3937
15
0.5906
3.5
3.5
Resistivity at 20C before stranding

32.800 ohm.mm2/km
19.729 ohm.CM/foot
is the maximum value permitted
and 32.500 ohm.mm2/km
19.549 ohm.CM/foot
which shall be used for calculation.
Tolerance on nominal diameters of wire

1% if d2.5 mm (0.0984 in)
0.025 mm (9.842x10-4 in) if d2.50 mm (0.0984 in)
-1% in case of centre wire
+7%
After stranding above values may be:

33.100 ohm.mm2/km
19.910 ohm.CM/foot
and 32.800 ohm.mm2/km
19.729 ohm.CM/foot
Density at 20C
2.700 kg/cm3
0.097543 lb/in3
29
FRENCH STANDARD
Nominal
area
Stranding
and wire
diameter
Overall
Diameter
NFC : 34120
Approx.
weight
mm2
mm
mm
kg/km
27.8
34.4
43.1
54.6
75.6
93.3
117
148
188
228
238
288
366
475
604
710
7x2.25
7x2.50
7x2.80
7x3.15
19x2.25
19x2.50
19x2.80
19x3.15
19x3.55
37x2.80
37x2.86
37x3.15
37x3.55
61x3.15
61x3.55
91x3.15
6.75
7.50
8.40
9.45
11.25
12.50
14
15.75
17.75
19.60
20.02
22.05
24.85
28.35
31.95
34.65
77
95
118
150
209
258
324
410
520
633
650
799
1016
1324
1680
1950
30
Nominal
breaking
load
kg
465
576
725
863
1220
1510
1840
2270
2880
3510
3630
4310
5470
6860
8720
10220
Maximum dc
resistance
at 20C
ohm/km
1.03
0.833
0.665
0.526
0.382
0.309
0.247
0.195
0.153
0.127
0.122
0.100
0.0792
0.0612
0.0481
0.410
31
CANNA 37.7
CANNA 59.7
CANNA 75.5
CANNA 93
CANNA 116.2
CANNA 147.1
CROCUS 147.1
CANNA 181.6
CANNA 228
CROCUS 228
CANNA 288
CROCUS 288
CROCUS 297
CROCUS 412
CROCUS 612
CROCUS 865
CROCUS 1185
Code
name
28.27
37.70
47.71
59.0
94.25
119.28
119.28
147.26
184.72
184.72
233.8
233.8
221.67
325.72
506.97
717.83
956.66
MM2
Aluminium
9.42
21.99
27.83
34.3
21.99
27.83
27.83
34.26
43.10
43.10
54.55
54.55
75.54
85.95
104.79
104.06
227.82
MM2
Steel
Area
37.69
59.69
75.54
93.3
116.24
147.11
147.11
181.62
227.82
227.82
288.35
288.35
297.21
411.67
611.8
865.4
1185
MM2
Total
17.8
23.7
30.0
36.2
59.3
75.0
75.0
92.6
116.2
116.2
147
147
139
205
319
451
602
MM2
9/2.0
12/2.0
12/2.25
12/2.5
30/2.0
30/2.25
30/2.25
30/2.5
30/2.8
30/2.8
30/3.15
30/3.15
36/2.8
32/3.6
20/4.24
66/3.72
66/3.47
MM
3/2.0
7/2.0
7/2.25
7/2.5
7/2.0
7/2.25
7/2.25
7/2.5
7/2.8
7/2.8
7/3.15
7/3.15
19/2.25
19/2.4
19/2.65
19/3.15
37/2.8
MM
Stranding and
Equivalent
wire diameter
copper
area
Steel
Aluminium
8.3
10.0
11.25
12.50
14.0
15.75
15.75
17.5
19.6
19.6
22.05
22.05
22.45
26.4
32.2
38.1
44.7
MM
Overall
diameter
78
104
130
136
260
329
329
406
510
510
647
647
620
912
1404
2002
2668
KG/KM
Aluminium
FRENCH STANDARD
77
172
218
269
172
218
218
269
338
338
427
427
598
681
837
1172
1810
KG/KM
Steel
Weight
155
276
348
405
432
547
547
675
848
848
1074
1074
1218
1593
2241
3174
4478
KG/KM
Total
1570
3110
3916
5226
4227
5302
6067
6383
7862
9177
9789
1153
14225
17294
23198
32519
47865
KG
Nominal
breaking
load
1.02
0.765
0.605
0.485
0.306
0.243
0.243
0.197
0.157
0.157
0.1225
0.1225
0.1305
0.0890
0.0566
0.0405
0.0303
OHM/KM
Maximum
dc
resistance
at 20C
CANNA 37.7
CANNA 59.7
CANNA 75.5
CANNA 93
CANNA 116.2
CANNA 147.1]
CROCUS 147.1
CANNA 181.6
CANNA 228
CROCUS 228
CANNA 288
CROCUS 288
CROCUS 297
CROCUS 412
CROCUS 612
CROCUS 865
CROCUS 1185
Code
name
NFC 34120 : 1976
FRENCH STANDARD
ALL-ALUMINIUM ALLOY CONDUCTOR - (AAAC)
Code
name
ASTER 22
ASTER 34.4
ASTER 54.6
ASTER 75.5
ASTER 117.0
ASTER 148
ASTER 181.6
ASTER 228
ASTER 288
ASTER 366
ASTER 570
ASTER 851
ASTER 1144
ASTER 1600
Equivalent
copper area
Stranding
and wire
diameter
mm2
mm
12
18.8
29.8
41.3
63.9
80.9
99.2
124.5
157.6
200.1
311.6
464.8
624.9
872.1
7/2.0
7/2.5
7/3.15
19/2.25
19/2.8
19/3.15
37/2.5
37/2.8
37/3.15
37/3.55
61/3.45
91/3.45
91/4.0
127/4.0
Approx.
overall
diameter
mm
6.0
7.5
9.45
11.25
14.0
15.75
17.5
19.6
22.05
24.85
31.05
37.95
44.0
52.0
NFC 34-125 : 1976

Total
area
Weight
Nominal
breaking
load
mm2
kg/km
kgf
21.99
34.36
54.55
75.54
117.0
148.1
181.6
227.8
288.3
366.2
370.2
850.7
1143.5
1595.9
32
60
94
149
208
322
407
500
627
794
1009
1574
2354
3164
4425
722
1129
1792
2481
3842
4864
5963
7481
9468
12022
18722
27390
36974
51638
Maximum dc
resistance
at 20C
Code
name
ohm/km
1.497
0.9580
0.6034
0.4379
0.2827
0.2234
0.1825
0.1455
0.1150
0.09053
0.05827
0.03915
0.02912
0.02069
ASTER 22
ASTER 34.4
ASTER 54.6
ASTER 75.5
ASTER 117.0
ASTER 148
ASTER 181.6
ASTER 228
ASTER 288
ASTER 366
ASTER 570
ASTER 851
ASTER 1144
ASTER 1600
FRENCH STANDARD
NFC 34-120/1976
Minimum stress at 1% extension
Nominal diameter
Type N+
Type R+
mm
inch
hbar
lb/in
hbar
2.00
2.25
2.40
2.50
2.65
2.80
3.15
0.0788
0.0886
0.0945
0.0984
0.1043
0.1102
0.1240
100.5
145763
125.5
182,023
97,5
141412
125,5
182,023
lb/in2
1 hbar = 1450.3806 lb/in2

+Note:
Type of wires N = normal
Ultimate tensile strength min.

117.6 hbar
170565 lb/in2
Type of wires R = reinforced
156.8 hbar
227420 lb/in2
d3.15 mm (0.1240 in)
151.9 hbar
220313 lb/in3
d3.15 mm (0.1240 in)
if
and
if
Tolerances on nominal diameter of wires:
2% if d2.00 mm (0.0788 in)
0.04 mm (0.001575 in) if d2.00 mm (0.0788 in)
-2% in case of centre wire
+8%
MINIMUM ELONGATION ON 200 MM (7.874 IN)

Density at 20C
7.800 kg/m3
0.28179 lb/in3
Nominal diameter
d
mm
d2.10
2.10
d2.10
2.10
Before Stranding After Stranding

Type N Type R Type N Type R
(inch)
(0.0827)
(0.0827)
3.5
4.0
3.25
3.5
3.0
3.5
2.75
3.0
WEIGHT OF ZINC
Nominal diameter
d
mm
(inch)
1.6
d1.8
1.8
1.6d
1.8
d2.2
2.2
1.8d
2.2
d2.7
2.7
2.2d
2.7
d2.8
2.8
2.7d
2.8
d3.5
3.5
2.8d
0.0630d0.0709
0.0709d0.0866
0.0866d0.1063
0.1063d0.1102
0.1102d0.1378
Heavy Coating
Minimum
Minimum weight of 1 minute
of zinc
dips
g/dm2
oz/ft 2
2.00
2.15
2.30
2.30
2.45
0.655
0.705
0.754
0.754
0.803
2
2 1/2
3
3
3 1/2
Semi-heavy Coating
Minimum
Minimum weight of 1 minute
of zinc
dips
g/dm2
oz/ft2
1.60
1.75
1.90
2.05
2.05
0.524
0.573
0.623
0.672
0.670
1 1/2
2
2
2 1/2
2 1/2
1 g/dm2 = 0.327706 oz/ft2
33
GERMAN STANDARD
TEIL 5/1981
DIN 48 200
Nominal wire
diameter
mm
inch
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
4.25
4.50
0.0590
0.0689
0.0787
0.0886
0.0984
0.1082
0.1181
0.1279
0.1378
0.1476
0.1575
0.1673
0.1772
Nominal Area
Before stranding
in
mm
1.77
2.41
3.14
3.98
4.91
5.94
7.07
8.30
9.62
11.04
12.57
14.19
15.90
0.00277
0.00375
0.00487
0.00617
0.00761
0.00921
0.01096
0.01286
0.01491
0.01711
0.01948
0.02199
0.02465
N/mm
193
188
184
181
177
173
169
166
164
162
160
160
159
ib/in
After stranding
N/mm2
27985
27260
26680
26245
25665
25085
24505
24070
23780
23490
23200
23200
23055
183
179
176
172
168
164
160
157
156
154
152
152
151
ib/in2
26.535
25,955
25,520
24,940
24,360
23,780
23,200
22,765
22,620
22,330
22,040
11,040
21,895
1 N/mm2 = 145.04 lb/in2 (PSI)

Note :
For wire of intermediate diamter, the minimum ultimate tensile stress shall be the same as that for the
next large diameter listed
TOLERANCES ON NOMINAL DIAMETERS OF WIRES

Nominal diameter
Tolerance
mm
mm
1.50-3.00
3.25-4.50
Resistivity at 20C
Density at 20C
2.700 kg/dm3
0.097652 lb/in3
0.03
0.04
34
GERMAN STANDARD
TEIL 6/1981
DIN 48 200
Nominal wire
diameter
mm
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
Ultimate T
ensile stress
Tensile
Before
After
stranding min.
Nominal area
inch
mm2
0.0590
0.0689
0.0787
0.0886
0.0984
0.1082
0.1181
0.1279
0.1378
0.1476
0.1575
1.77
2.41
3.14
3.98
4.91
5.94
7.07
8.30
9.62
11.04
12.57
in2
N/mm2
0.00274
0.00374
0.00487
0.00617
0.00761
0.00921
0.01096
0.01298
0.01491
0.01711
0.01955
294
Resistance
at 20C max
calculated
lb/in2
ohm/km/1000 yd
42631
18.53
13.64
10.44
8.25
6.68
5.52
4.64
3.95
3.41
2.97
2.61
16.94
12.47
9.55
7.54
6.11
5.05
4.24
3.61
3.12
2.71
2.39
Weight
(2.7 kg/dm2)
calculated
kg/km
lb/1000
4.8
6.5
8.5
10.7
13.3
16.0
19.1
22.4
26.0
29.8
33.9
9.67
13.10
17.13
21.00
26.81
32.25
38.50
25.15
52.41
60.07
68.33
1N/mm2 = 145.04 lb/in2

1 mm = 0.03937 in
1 kg/km = 2.01591 lb/1000 yd
Note: For wire of intermediate diameter the tolerance shall be the same as that for next diameter listed.
TOLERANCES ON NOMINAL DIAMETER OF WIRES

Nominal diameter
mm
Tolerance
inch
mm
inch
1.50-3.00
0.590-0.1881
0.03
1.1811x10-3
3.25-4.00
0.1279-0.1575
0.04
1.5748x10-3
Elongation on 200 mm (7.874 in) length 4% with each wire
Resistivity at 20C
Density at 20C
2.70 kg/dm3
0.097543 lb/in3
35
GERMAN STANDARD
ALL ALUMINUM CONDUCTOR - (AAC)
Nominal
Area
Calculated
Area
mm2
No. &
Diameter
of Wires
No./mm
16
25
35
50
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
400
500
625
800
1000
7/1.7
7/2.1
7/2.5
7/3.0
19/1.8
19/2.1
19/2.5
19/2.8
37/2.25
37/2.5
61/2.25
61/2.5
61/2.89
61/3.23
91/2.96
91/3.35
91/3.74
15.
24.
34.
49.
48.
65.
93.
117.
147.
181.
242.
299.
400.
499.
626.
802.
999.
mm2
89
25
36
48
36
82
27
0
1
6
5
4
1
8
2
1
74
DIN : 48201
Approx.
Overall
Diameter
mm
Approx.
Weight
kg/km
Calculated
Breaking
Strength
kg
5.1
6.3
7.5
9.0
9.0
10.5
12.5
14.0
15.7
17.5
20.2
22.5
26.0
29.1
32.6
36.8
1.1
44
67
94
135
133
181
256
322
406
501
670
827
1105
1381
1733
2219
2766
290
425
585
810
860
1150
1595
1910
2570
3105
4015
4850
6190
7600
9690
12055
14845
GERMAN
Approx.
Weight
Calculated
Breaking
Strength
mm2
kg/km
kg
15.89
24.25
34.36
49.48
48.36
65.82
93.27
117.0
147.1
181.6
242.5
299.4
400.1
499.8
626.2
802.1
999.7
5.1
6.3
7.5
9.0
9.0
10.5
12.5
14.0
15.7
17.5
20.2
22.5
26.0
29.1
32.6
36.8
41.1
44
67
94
135
133
181
256
322
406
501
670
827
1105
1381
1733
2219
2766
450
690
980
1410
1380
1875
2660
3335
4190
5175
6910
8535
11400
14245
17845
22860
28490
Calculated
Area
mm2
No./mm
7/1.7
7/2.1
7/2.5
7/3.0
19/1.8
19/2.1
19/2.5
19/2.8
37/2.25
37/2.5
61/2.25
61/2.5
61/2.89
61/3.23
91/2.96
91/3.35
91/3.74
16
25
35
50
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
400
500
625
800
1000
DIN : 48201
Approx.
Overall
Diameter
mm
Number &
Diameter
of Wires
1.8018
1.1808
0.8332
0.5786
0.5950
0.4372
0.3085
0.2459
0.1960
0.1588
0.1192
0.09650
0.07221
0.05852
0.04625
0.03602
0.02897
STANDARD
ALL ALUMINIUM ALLOY CONDUCTOR - (AAAC)

Nominal
Area
Calculated
D.C.
Resistance
at 20C
/km
36
Calculated
D.C.
Resistance
at 20C
/km
2.0910
1.3703
0.9668
0.6714
0.6905
0.5073
0.3579
0.2854
0.2274
0.1842
0.1383
0.1120
0.0838
0.0671
0.0537
0.0419
0.0336
GERMAN STANDARD
ALUMINUM CONDUCTOR STEEL REINFORCED - (ACSR)
Nominal
Area
(AL
./ST
.)
(AL./ST
./ST.)
mm2
16/2.5
25/4
35/6
44/32
50/8
50/30
70/12
95/15
95/55
105/75
120/20
120/70
125/30
150/25
170/40
185/30
210/35
210/50
230/50
240/40
265/35
300/50
305/40
340/30
380/50
385/35
435/55
450/40
490/65
550/70
560/50
680/85
Number & Diameter

Calculated Area
of wires
Aluminum
Steel
Aluminum Steel
No./mm
No./mm
mm2
mm 2
6/1. 8
6/2. 25
6/2. 7
14/2. 0
6/3. 2
12/2. 33
26/1. 85
26/2. 15
12/3. 2
14/3. 1
26/2. 44
12/3. 6
30/2. 33
26/2. 7
30/2. 7
26/3. 0
26/3. 2
30/3. 0
24/3. 5
26/3. 45
24/3. 74
26/3. 86
54/2. 68
48/3. 0
54/3. 0
48/3. 2
54/3. 2
48/3. 45
54/3. 4
54/3. 6
48/3. 86
54/4. 0
1/1. 8
1/2. 25
1/2. 7
7/2. 4
1/3. 2
7/2. 33
7/1. 44
7/1. 67
7/3. 2
19/2. 25
7/1. 9
7/3. 6
7/2. 33
7/2. 1
7/2. 7
7/2. 33
7/2. 49
7/3. 0
7/2. 33
7/2. 68
7/2. 49
7/3. 0
7/2. 68
7/2. 33
7/3. 0
7/2. 49
7/3. 2
7/2. 68
7/3. 4
7/3. 6
7/3. 0
19/2. 4
15 .3
23 .8
34 .3
44
48 .3
51 .2
69 .9
94 .4
96 .5
105 .7
121 .6
122
127 .9
148 .9
171 .8
183 .8
209 .1
212 .1
230 .9
243
263 .7
304 .3
304 .6
339 .3
382
386
434 .3
448 .7
490 .3
550
561 .7
678 .8
2 .55
4
5 .7
31 .7
89 .6
29 .8
11 .4
15 .3
56 .3
75 .5
19 .8
71 .3
29 .8
24 .2
40 .1
29 .8
34 .1
49 .5
29 .8
39 .5
34 .1
49 .5
39 .5
29 .8
49 .5
34 .1
56 .3
29 .5
63 .6
71 .3
49 .5
86
37
Approx.
Overall
Diameter
mm
5.4
6.8
8.1
11 .2
196
11 .7
11 .7
13 .6
16
17 .5
15 .5
18
16 .1
17 .1
18 .9
19
20 .3
21
21
21 .9
22 .4
24 .5
24 .1
25
27
26 .7
28 .8
28 .7
30 .6
32 .4
32 .2
36
DIN : 48204
Approx.
Weight
kg/km
62
97
140
372
1710
378
284
383
712
891
494
901
591
605
794
746
850
981
877
987
1002
1236
1160
1180
1453
1344
1653
1561
1866
2092
1954
2570
Calculated Calculated
Breaking D.C. Resistance at
Strength
20C
kg
/km
595
920
1265
4500
0.5946
4380
2680
3575
7935
10845
4565
10000
5760
5525
7675
6620
7490
9390
7310
8640
8305
10700
9940
9290
12310
10480
13645
12075
15310
17060
14895
21040
1.8793
1.2027
0.8352
0.6573
0.5643
0.4130
0.3058
0.2992
0.2736
0.2374
0.2346
0.2259
0.1939
0.1682
0.1571
0.1380
0.1363
0.1249
0.1188
0.1094
0.09487
0.09490
0.08509
0.07573
0.07478
0.06656
0.06434
0.05896
0.05259
0.05139
0.04260
GERMAN STANDARD
TEIL 3/1977 TYPE ST-IIII
Nominal diameter
mm
inch
1.35-1.75
1.76-2.74
2.75-3.49
3.50-4.95
0.0531-0.0689
0.0693-0.1079
0.1083-0.1374
0.1378-0.1949
DIN 48200
Minimum Ultimate tensile stress
Minimum stress at
1% elongation
Before stranding
N/mm
N/mm
lb/in
1180
171145
1140
1100
165343
159512
1310
up to
1520
lb/in
190,000
up to
220,458
After stranding
N/mm2
lb/in2
1250
1250
1250
1250
181,297
181,297
181,297
181,297
1 N/mm2 = 145.03806 lb/in2

1 mm = 0.03937 in
TOLERANCES ON NOMINAL DIAMETER ON WIRES

Nominal diameter
mm
1.35-1.75
1.76-2.74
2.75-3.49
3.50-4.95
Tolarances
plus and minus
inch
mm
0.0531-0.0689
0.0693-0.1079
0.1083-0.1374
0.1378-0.1949
0.035
0.040
0.050
0.060
inch
Density at 20C
7.8 kg/dm3
0.28179 lb/in3
1.378x10-3
1.575x10-3
1.968x10-3
2.362x10-3
Minimum weights of zinc coating and tests for uniformity of zinc coating
Nominal diameter
mm
inch
1.35-1.55
1.56-1.75
1.76-2.24
2.25-2.74
2.75-3.05
3.06-3.49
3.50-4.00
over-4.00
0.0531-0.0610
0.0614-0.0689
0.0693-0.0882
0.0886-0.1079
0.1083-0.1200
0.1205-0.1374
0.1378-0.1575
over 0.1575
Minimum weight
of zinc coating
g/m2
oz/ft 2
190
200
210
230
240
250
260
275
0.623
0.655
0.688
0.754
0.786
0.819
0.852
0.901
Minimum number
of 1 minute dips
2
2
2 1/2
3
3
3 1/2
3 1/2
4
1 g/m2 = 3.27695x10-3 oz/ft2
38
INDIAN STANDARD
ALL ALUMINIUM CONDUCTORS - (AAC)
Nominal
Aluminium
IS398 (Part 1): 1996
Stranding
and Wire
Diameter
Sectional
Area
(1)
mm2
(2)
mm
(3)
mm2
(4)
mm
25
7/2.21
26.85
6.63
50
7/3.10
52.83
9.30
100
7/4.39
106.0
13.17
150
19/3.18
150.9
15.90
240
19/3.99
237.6
300
19/4.65
322.7
Approxi- Approximate
mate
Overall
Mass
Dia
(5)
kg/km
Calculated
Resistance
at 20C
Max
Approximate
Calculated
Braking Load
(6)
ohms/km
(7)
kN
74
1.096
4.52
145
0.5525
8.25
290
0.2752
15.96
415
0.1942
23.28
19.95
654
0.1235
35.74
23.25
888
0.09107
48.74

Nominal Stranding and
Aluminium Wire Diameter
Sectional
Area of
Aluminium
Total
Sectional
Area
IS398 (Part 2): 1996
Approximate Approximate
Overall
Mass
Diameter
Calculated
Resistance
at 20C
Max
Approximate
Calculated
Breaking Load
Aluminium
Steel
(1)
mm2
(2)
mm
(3)
mm
(4)
mm2
(5)
mm2
(6)
mm
(7)
kg/km
10
6/1.50
1/1.50
10.60
12.37
4.50
43
2.780
3.97
18
6/1.96
1/1.96
18.10
21.12
5.88
73
1.618
6.74
20
6/2.11
1/2.11
20.98
24.48
6.33
85
1.394
7.61
30
6/2.59
1/2.59
31.61
36.88
7.77
128
0.928 9
11.12
50
6/3.35
1/3.35
52.88
61.70
10.05
214
0.552 4
18.25
(8)
Ohm/km
(9)
kN
80
6/4.09
1/4.09
78.83
91.97
12.27
319
0.371 2
26.91
100
6/4.72
7/1.57
105.0
118.5
14.15
394
0.279 2
32.41
150
30/2.59
7/2.59
158.1
194.9
18.13
726
0.187 1
67.34
200
30/3.00
7/3.00
212.1
261.5
21.00
974
0.139 0
89.67
400
42/3.50
7/1.96
404.1
425.2
26.88
1281
0.073 11
88.79
420
54/3.18
7/3.18
428.9
484.5
28.62
1621
0.068 68
130.32
520
54/4.13
7/3.53
528.5
597.0
31.77
1998
0.055 95
159.60
560
42/4.13
7/2.30
562.7
591.7
31.68
1781
0.052 31
120.16
39
INDIAN STANDARD
SI
No.
Actual Stranding
Area and Wire
Dia
(1)
mm2
(2)
mm
(3)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
15
22
34
55
80
100
125
148
173
200
232
288
346
400
465
525
570
604
642
695
767
3/2.50
7/2.00
7/2.50
7/3.15
7/3.81
7/4.26
19/2.89
19/3.15
19/3.40
19/3.66
19/3.94
37/3.15
37/3.45
37/3.71
37/4.00
61/3.31
61/3.45
61/3.55
61/3.66
61/3.81
61/4.00
Approx.
Overall
Dia
Approx.
Mass
mm
(4)
5.39
6.00
7.50
9.45
11.43
12.78
14.45
15.75
17.00
18.30
19.70
22.05
24.15
25.97
28.00
29.79
31.05
31.95
32.94
34.29
36.00
IS398 (Part 4): 1994

Approx.
Calculated
Breaking
Load
Calculated Maximum
Resistance at 20C
kg/knm
(5)
ohms/km
(6)
40.15
60.16
94.00
149.20
218.26
272.86
342.51
406.91
474.02
549.40
636.67
794.05
952.56
1101.63
1280.50
1448.39
1573.71
1666.00
1771.36
1919.13
2115.54
2.3040
1.5410
0.9900
0.6210
0.4250
0.3390
0.2735
0.2290
0.1969
0.1710
0.1471
0.1182
0.0984
0.0829
0.0734
0.0651
0.0598
0.0568
0.0534
0.0492
0.0446
kN
(7)
4.33
6.45
10.11
16.03
23.41
29.26
36.64
43.50
54.54
58.66
68.05
84.71
101.58
117.40
136.38
146.03
158.66
167.99
178.43
193.25
213.01
ALUMINIUM CONDUCTORS, GALVANIZED STEELREINFORCED FOR EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE (ACSR)

Nominal
Aluminium
Area
Stranding and
Wire Diameter
Aluminium
Steel
Sectional
Area of
Aluminium
IS398 (Part 5): 1992
Total
Sectional
Area
Approx
Overall
Diameter
Approx
Max
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm2
mm
kg/km
520
560
690
54/353
42/4.13
42/4.57
7/3.53
7/2.13
7/2.54
528.5
562.7
688.9
597.0
591.7
724.4
31.77
31.68
35.04
2 004
1 787
2 187
Calculated Approx
Resistance Breaking
at 20C
Load
Max
Min
(8)
(9)
/km
0.005 52
0.051 99
0.042 42
kN
161.20
120.16
146.87
NOTES
1.
Mass of the conductor mentioned in col 7 is different from the mass of the corresponding conductor in other parts of this
standard due to the difference in mean lay ratio specified in this part of the standard.
2.
Resistance of the conductor mentioned in col 8 is different from the values specified for the corresponding conductors in other
parts of this standard due to the following factors:
a) Lower values of resistivity;
b) Difference in mean lay ratio; and
c) Difference in tolerance on the nominal diameter of aluminium wire.
40
49
15,6
24,3
36,6
62,9
99,4
171,0
203,5
262,0
332,6
431,8
548,3
Equival.
copper
area
mm 2
7/2,12
7/2,65
7/3,25
7/4,26
19/3,25
19/4,26
19/4,65
37/3,78
37/4,26
61/3,78
61/4,26
Stranding
and wire
diameter
mm
6,42
8,03
10,15
12,91
16,92
21,52
23,49
26,73
30,12
34,36
38,73
Overall
diameter
mm
12,8
16,0
22,4
25,8
32,3
38,5
64,0
64,0
96,4
161
262
404
* 21/3,5
* 26/4,4
* 37/6,1
* 42/7,1
* 53/8,8
* 63/11
105/17
105/14
158/37
264/62
429/56
662/84
*Standard British Sizes
Equival.
copper
area
mm2
Code
name
6/1/2,11
6/1/2,36
6/1/2,79
6/1/3,00
6/1/3,35
6/1/3,66
6/1/4,72
6/4,72
+7/1,57
30/7/2,59
30/7/3,35
54/7/3,18
54/3,95
+19/2,37
Stranding
and wire
diameter
mm
7,77
10,05
9,54
11,85
2,11
2,36
2,79
3,00
3,35
3,66
4,72
4,71
18,31
23,69
28,91
35,94
6,33
7,16
8,45
9,09
10,15
11,09
14,30
14,29
158
264
429
662
20,9
26,3
36,7
42,4
52,9
63,1
105
105
Diameter Overall Aluover diameter minium

mm
area
steel
(max)
mm2
mm
68
106
159
273
434
745
888
1145
1454
1891
2402
Mass
kg/km
4120
6120
8820
14600
23400
38800
46200
59900
75600
96600
122000
Ultimate
tensile
strength
newtons
420
624
899
1490
2390
3960
4710
6110
7710
9850
12440
Breaking
load
kg
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
Coefficient
of linear
expansion
/C10-6
36,9
61,7
55,6
83,8
3,5
4,4
6,1
7,1
8,8
10,5
17,5
12,7
Steel
area
mm 2
195
326
484
746
24,5
30,6
42,8
49,5
61,7
73,7
122
118
Total
area
mm2
436
729
1185
1826
58
72
100
117
145
173
288
292
Aluminium
290
485
436
663
27
34
48
55
69
83
137
102
Steel
85
106
148
172
214
255
425
394
Total
726
1214
1621
2489
Mass kg/km
52400
52400
52400
52400
49650
49650
49650
48250
48250
46200
46200
61000
61000
61000
61000
59650
59650
59650
58600
58600
57570
57570
1,182
0,756
0,503
0,293
0,196
0,108
0,0909
0,0708
0,0558
0,0431
0,0339
Initial
DC
Final
modulus
resistance
modulus
of
elasticity of elasticity at 20 C
ohms/km
N/mm2
N/mm 2
144
190
247
343
457
640
713
833
967
1130
1300
Current
rating
Amps
3000
2500
2500
1500
2000
1500
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
Standard
drum
length
m
69250
111400
131900
205500
7710
9610
13150
15200
18400
22500
36540
32640
7060
11350
13400
20940
786
979
1340
1550
1880
2300
3720
3300
18,43
18,43
19,91
19,96
19,31
19,31
19,31
19,31
19,31
19,31
19,31
19,92
55700
53600
47300
49600
54600
52700
50700
50200
49500
49100
48500
48800
83400
83400
73200
72300
80400
80400
80400
80400
80400
80400
80400
76400
0,186
0,111
0,0687
0,0445
1,395
1,116
0,798
0,690
0,553
0,463
0,278
0,278
470
650
860
1123
130
150
190
210
240
260
360
360
2000
2000
1500
1000
3000
3000
2500
1500
1500
1500
1500
2000
Final
Initial
DC
Standard
Ultimate Break- Coefficient modulus modulus
ing
of
of
resistance Current
drum
tensile
of linear
load
rating
length
strength
expansion elasticity elasticity at 20C
kg
2
2
m
newtons
/C10-6 N/mm N/mm ohms/km Amps
24,7
38,6
58,1
99,8
157,6
270,8
322,7
415,2
527,4
684,6
869,4
Aluminium
area
mm2
*Standard British Sizes

Standard Canadian Sizes
25
39
58
100
*158
271
*323
*415
*527
685
*869
Code
name
COMPACTED CONDUCTOR
ALL-ALUMINIUM CONDUCTORS - (AAC)
BRITISH SIZES
Compacted all-aluminium conductors
CANADIAN SIZES
Compacted all-aluminium conductors
Equi- Overall Weight Maximum Nominal

Aluminium valent diameter
dc
breaking
area
copper
resistance load
area
at 20C
mm2
mm
23.39
14.19
26.84
mm
Aluminium
area
AWG
kg/km
ohm./km
kgf
5.64
63.5
1.227
408
26.65
6.05
16.13
6.07
73.4
1.064
468
33.61
36.90
22.59
7.14
101.2
0.7741
617
42.90
25.81
7.70
117.1
0.6658
706
52.77
32.26
8.53
144.3
0.5412
846
63.68
38.71
9.37
174.1
0.4487
1010
50
mm2
Overall Weight
Maximum Nominal
diameter
dc
breaking
resistance load
at 20C
mm
kg/km
ohm/km
kgf
73.5
1.074
515
6.81
92.7
0.8514
637
42.39
7.65
116.8
0.6752
774
1/0
53.48
8.59
147.5
0.5351
939
2/0
67.42
9.65
185.9
0.4245
1184
51
mm2
16.13
19.35
25.81
32.26
38.71
26.32
31.68
41.94
52.26
63.03
16.13
19.35
25.81
32.26
26.32
31.68
41.94
52.26
12.26
16.13
20.65
19.81
26.32
33.87
200 per cent type
12.90
21.16
140 per cent type
12.90
21.16
100 per cent type
mm2
51.42
40.26
30.32
69.81
55.94
42.19
35.16
28.19
73.55
61.10
48.97
36.97
30.71
24.65
mm2
4.724
4.216
3.658
4.724
4.216
3.658
3.353
2.997
3.658
3.353
2.997
2.591
2.362
2.108
mm
8.026
7.163
6.223
9.820
8.788
7.620
6.985
6.248
9.982
9.144
8.179
7.061
6.452
5.766
mm
225.2
182.5
136.9
281.8
225.7
169.7
140.9
112.6
254.5
213.8
170.6
127.5
106.2
84.3
kg/km
0.856
1.096
1.442
0.544
0.680
0.911
1.096
1.376
0.454
0.544
0.680
0.911
1.098
1.376
ohm/km
2325
1958
1489
2815
2325
1744
1468
1117
2172
1877
1550
1163
979
744
kgf
Total
Diameter Overall Weight Maximum Nominal
EquiAluminium valent area of of steel diameter
dc
breaking
area
of Condresistance load
core
copper conductor
uctor
at 20C
area
BRITISH SIZES
Compacted ACSR
67.42
2/0
42.39
53.48
1/0
21.16
26.65
4
3
200 per cent type
33.61
1
26.65
3
2
21.16
140 per cent type
42.39
53.48
33.61
2
1
26.65
1/0
21.16
mm2
100 per centype
AWG
Aluminium
area
CANADIAN SIZES
Compacted ACSR
40.84
32.39
71.35
56.58
44.84
35.55
28.26
78.65
62.39
49.48
39.23
31.10
24.71
mm2
4.247
3.785
4.770
4.247
3.785
3.371
3.002
3.785
3.371
3.002
2.672
2.380
2.118
mm
7.468
6.706
9.855
8.788
7.823
6.909
6.172
10.414
9.246
8.255
7.341
6.553
5.791
mm
216.8
172.1
337.8
267.9
212.3
168.2
133.4
321.9
255.5
202.4
160.2
127.5
100.7
kg/km
1.267
1.598
0.6315
0.7970
1.0040
1.2675
1.598
0.5010
0.6315
0.7970
1.004
1.267
1.598
ohm/km
2102
1671
2951
2356
1878
1506
1232
2424
1941
1583
1266
1023
832
kgf
Total
Diameter Overall Weight Maximum Nominal
area of of steel diameter
dc
breaking
conductor crore of Condresistance load
uctor
at 20C
COMPACTED CONDUCTOR
MODULI OF ELASTICITY AND COEFFICIENTS OF LINEAR EXPANSION

Average values
Type of
conductors
and number
of strands
Metric units
Initial
Final
N/mm2
Metric units
Coefficient
of linear
expansion
x10 -6/C
Initial
Final
x10-3lbs/in2
Coefficient
of linear
expansion
x10 -6/F
AAC
1
3
7
19
37
61
91
AAAC
1
7
19
37
61
91
ACSR
1+6
1+7
1+8
1+18
4+3
7+6
7+7
7+8
7+10
7+12
7+14
7+18
7+22
7+24
7+26
7+30
7+42
7+45
7+48
7+54
19+14
19+16
19+30
19+54
HSCuC
7
19
37
61
91
50014
45111
41188
36285
31381
28439
26478
68646
61782
59821
58840
57859
56879
53936
60801
54917
52956
50995
49033
45110
68647
62763
61782
60801
59820
53936
63743
68647
79434
45110
112776
54917
62763
68647
81395
93163
9806
44130
50995
54917
60801
63743
39227
43149
46091
50014
93163
102970
59821
46091
78453
83357
96105
65705
132390
71589
74531
86299
97086
101989
103950
64724
69627
72569
75511
76492
60801
62763
64724
66685
99047
114738
72569
62763
96963
88245
86289
80316
76300
110815
102970
102970
98066
93163
23.0
23.0
19.2
17.8
16.9
21.2
13.8
19.5
18.6
17.6
16.4
15.6
15.4
21.6
20.2
20.0
19.2
17.8
21.3
20.8
20.2
19.3
15.4
14.2
17.6
19.3
17.0
52
7300
6500
6000
5300
4600
4100
3800
10000
9000
8700
8500
8400
8200
7800
8800
8000
7700
7400
7100
6500
10000
9100
9000
8800
8700
7800
9200
10000
11150
6500
16400
8000
9100
10000
11800
13500
14200
6400
7400
8000
8800
9200
5700
6300
6700
7300
13500
14900
8700
6700
11400
12100
13900
9500
19200
10400
10800
12500
14100
14800
15100
9400
10100
10500
11000
11100
8800
9100
9400
9700
14400
16600
10500
9100
14100
12800
12500
11600
11100
16000
14900
14900
14200
12500
12.8
12.8
10.7
9.9
9.4
11.8
7.7
10.8
10.3
9.8
9.1
8.7
8.6
12.0
11.2
11.1
10.7
9.9
11.8
11.6
11.2
10.7
8.6
7.9
9.8
10.7
9.4
Dimensions for Non-returnable Wooden Drums

Drum
No.
Flange
Dia.
Barrel Dia.
(L) mm
(M)mm
Traverse
(N)mm
ReinforBarrel
Flange
Lag
cing
Thickness Thickness
Width
Thickness
Plate
mm
(T)
mm
(b)
mm
(a)
mm
(P) mm
Barrel Bolts
Dia.
mm
No.
Shipping
Volume
m3
24-12
610
356
305
35
16
13
30
51
13
0.17
27-12
686
356
305
35
16
13
30
51
13
0.227
28-16
711
356
405
35
16
13
30
64
13
0.283
30-16
762
356
406
35
16
13
30
64
13
0.34
32-16
813
356
406
45
19
19
30
64
13
0.396
32-20
813
356
508
45
19
19
30
64
16
0.453
34-18
864
432
457
45
19
19
30
64
16
0.482
Note: Conductors can be supplied in steel drums as well. Please contact us for details.
53

Drum
No.
Flange
Dia.
(L) mm
ReinforNON-RETURNABLE
WOODEN DRUMS
Barrel
Flange
Barrel DIMENSIONS
Dia. TraverseFOR
Lag
cing
Thickness Thickness
Thickness Width
Plate
mm
(T) mm
(b) mm
(a) mm
(N)mm
(P) mm
(M)mm
Barrel Bolts
Dia.
mm
No.
Shipping
Volume
m3
36-20
914
432
508
45
19
19
30
64
16
0.567
40-18
1016
457
457
51
19
25
37
76
16
0.653
40-20
1016
457
508
51
19
25
37
76
16
0.736
44-20
1118
558
508
51
19
25
37
76
16
0.878
46-24
1168
584
610
51
19
25
37
89
16
1.105
48-24
1219
584
610
51
19
25
37
89
16
1.22
48-28
1219
584
711
51
19
25
45
89
16
1.42
54-28
1372
609
711
57
25
38
45
89
16
1.79
54-28
1372
660
711
57
25
38
45
89
16
1.79
58-28
1473
711
711
57
25
38
45
89
16
2.04
60-28
1524
711
711
57
25
38
45
89
16
2.15
60-32
1524
711
812
57
25
38
45
89
16
2.44
64-32
1626
711
812
57
25
38
45
89
19
2.72
64-32
1626
812
812
57
25
38
45
89
19
2.72
66-32
1676
711
812
57
25
38
45
89
19
2.95
68-32
1727
711
812
57
25
38
45
89
19
2.12
68-38
1727
762
965
57
25
38
51
102
19
3.63
72-38
1829
762
965
76
25
38
51
102
19
4.16
76-38
1930
914
965
76
25
45
51
102
22
4.62
Note: Conductors can be supplied in steel drums as well. Please contact us for details.
GENERAL INFORMATION ON REEL HANDLING

Use blocks on
both sides
Use crane or forklift
Dont lay flat.
54
Dont roll in
opposite direction
Dont drop drum
APPENDIX
1. Wire Guages
Diameter
Guage
B.W
.G
B.W.G
.G..
5/0
4/0
3/0
2/0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-
A.W
.G
A.W.G
.G..
S.W
.G
.W.G
.G..
mm.G.
4/0
3/0
2/0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7/0
6/0
5/0
4/0
3/0
2/0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
12
10
9
8
7
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
-
mil
mm
500
472.4
464
460
454
432
425
409.6
400
393.7
380
372
364.8
354.3
348
340
324.9
324
315
300
289.3
284
276
275.6
259
257.6
255.9
252
238
236.2
232
229.4
220
216.5
212
204.3
203
196.9
192
181.9
180
177.2
176
165
162
12.700
12.000
11.786
11.684
11.532
10.973
10.795
10.404
10.160
10.000
9.652
9.449
9.266
9.000
8.839
8.636
8.250
8.230
8.000
7.620
7.348
7.214
7.010
7.000
6.579
6.544
6.500
6.401
6.045
6.000
5.893
5.827
5.588
5.500
5.385
5.189
5.156
5.000
4.877
4.621
4.572
4.500
4.470
4.191
4.115
Aluminium wire weight
Sectional area
CM
250,000
223,162
215,296
211,600
206,100
186,624
180,600
167,772
160,000
155,000
144,400
138,384
138,079
125,528
121,104
115,600
105,560
104,976
99,225
90,000
83,694
80,660
76,176
75,955
67,080
66,358
65,485
63,504
56,640
55,790
53,824
52,624
48,400
46,872
44,944
41,738
41,210
38,770
36,864
33,088
32,400
31,400
30,976
27,220
26,244
55
in2
0.1964
0.1753
0.1691
0.1662
0.1619
0.1466
0.1419
0.1318
0.1257
0.1217
0.1134
0.1087
0.1045
0.09859
0.09512
0.09079
0.08291
0.08245
0.07793
0.07069
0.06573
0.06335
0.05983
0.05966
0.05269
0.05212
0.05143
0.04988
0.04449
0.04382
0.04227
0.04133
0.03801
0.03681
0.03530
0.03278
0.03237
0.03045
0.02895
0.02599
0.02545
0.02466
0.02433
0.02138
0.02061
mm2
kg/km
126.7
113.1
109.1
107.2
104.4
94.56
91.52
85.03
81.07
78.54
73.17
70.12
67.42
63.62
61.36
58.58
53.49
53.19
50.27
45.60
42.41
40.87
38.60
38.48
33.99
33.63
33.18
32.18
28.70
28.27
27.27
26.66
24.52
23.72
22.77
21.15
20.88
19.63
18.68
16.77
16.42
15.90
15.70
13.80
13.30
342.1
305.4
294.6
289.4
281.9
255.3
247.1
229.6
218.9
212.1
197.6
189.3
182.0
171.8
165.7
158.2
144.4
134.6
135.7
123.1
114.5
110.3
104.2
103.9
91.77
90.80
89.59
86.89
77.49
76.33
73.63
71.98
66.20
64.04
61.48
57.11
56.38
53.00
50.30
45.28
44.33
42.93
42.39
37.26
35.91
APPENDIX
Guage
B.W
.G
B.W.G
.G..
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Note:
A.W
.G
A.W.G
.G..
S.W
.G
.W.G
.G..
mm.G.
mil
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
-
4.0
3.5
3.2
2.9
2.6
2.3
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
-
160
157.5
148
144.3
144
137.8
134
128.5
128
126
120
116
114.4
114.2
10 9
10 4
102.4
101.9
95
92
90.74
90.55
83
80.81
80
78.74
72
71.96
70.87
65
64.08
64
62.99
58
57.07
56
55.12
50.82
49
48
47.24
45.26
mm
4.064
4.000
3.759
3.665
3.658
3.500
3.404
3.264
3.251
3.200
3.048
2.046
2.906
2.900
2.769
2.642
2.600
2.588
2.413
2.337
2.305
2.300
2.108
2.053
2.032
2.000
1.829
1.828
1.800
1.651
1.628
1.626
1.600
1.473
1.450
1.422
1.400
1.291
1.245
1.219
1.200
1.500
Aluminium wire weight
Sectional area
Diameter
CM
25,600
24,806
21,900
20,822
20,736
18,989
17.960
16,512
16,384
15,876
14,400
13,456
13,087
13,042
11,880
10,816
10,486
10,384
9,025
8,464
8,234
8,199
6,889
6,530
6,400
6,200
5,184
5,178
5,023
4,225
4,106
4,096
3,968
3,364
3,257
3,136
3,038
2,583
2,401
2,304
2,232
2.048
in2
mm2
kg/km
0.02011
0.01948
0.01720
0.01635
0.01629
0.01491
0.01410
0.01297
0.01287
0.01247
0.01131
0.01057
0.01028
0.01024
0.008331
0.008495
0.008246
0.008156
0.007088
0.006648
0.006467
0.006439
0.005411
0.005129
0.005027
0.004869
0.004072
0.004067
0.003945
0.003318
0.003225
0.003217
0.003116
0.002642
0.002558
0.002463
0.002386
0.002029
0.001886
0.001810
0.001753
0.001608
12.97
12.57
11.10
10.55
10.52
9.621
9.098
8.368
8.302
8.042
7.297
6.818
6.632
6.605
6.020
5.481
5.309
5.262
4.573
4.289
4.172
4.155
3.491
3.309
3.243
3.142
2.627
2.624
2.545
2.141
2.081
2.075
2.011
1.705
1.650
1.589
1.539
1.309
1.217
1.167
1.131
1.037
35.02
33.94
29.97
28.49
28.40
25.98
24.57
22.59
22.42
21.71
19.70
18.41
17.91
17.83
16.25
14.80
14.33
14.21
12.35
11.58
11.26
11.22
9.426
8.934
8.756
8.483
7.093
7.085
6.872
5.781
5.619
5.603
5.430
4.604
4.455
4.290
4.155
3.534
3.286
3.151
3.054
2.800
Aluminum wire weight: kg/km = mm2 x 2.7 g/cm3

B.W.G.: Birmingham (Stubs) Iron Wire Gauge
A.W.G.: American Wire Gauge (Brown & Sharp Wire Gauge)
S.W.G.: British Standard Wire Gauge
mm.G.: Milimeter Gauge
56
CONVERSION FACTORS
English and Metric Weights and Measures
Multiply
By
To Obtain
LENGTH - English
Miles
Mills
Inches
Inches
Inches
Feet
Feet
Feet (Thousands of)
Yards
Miles
LENGTH - Metric
Millimeters
Millimeters
Centimeters
Centimeters
Meters
Meters
Meters
Kilometers
Kilometers
AREA - English
Square miles
Square miles
Circular miles
Circular miles
Circular miles
Square inches
Square inches
Square inches
Square inches
Square feet
Suqre yards
AREA - Metric
Square millimeters
Square millimeters
Square centimeters
Square meters
Square meters
VOLUME - English
Cubic inches
Cubic feet
Quarts (Liquid U.S.)

Gallons (U.S.)
VOLUME - Metric
Cubic centimerers
Cubic meters
Liters
Liters
WEIGHT - English
Ounches
Pounds (Av.)
Pounds (Av.)
Tons (short)
Tons (long)
. 001
. 0254
inches
millimeters
1000.
25. 40
2. 54
miles
millimeters
centimeters
30. 48
. 3048
. 3048
. 69144
1. 6093
centimeters
meters
kilometers
meters
kilometers
39. 37
. 03937
. 3937
. 032808
miles
inches
inches
feet
39. 37
3. 2808
1. 0936
3280. 83
. 62137
inches
feet
yards
feet
miles
1. 2732
. 000001
circular miles
square miles
. 7854
. 0000007854
. 0005067
square miles
square inches
square millimeters
1,00,000.
1,273,240.
645. 16
6. 4516
square miles
circular miles
square millimeters
square centimeters
. 09290
. 8361
square meters
square meters
1973. 52
. 00155
. 155
10. 7638
1. 19599
circular mills
square inches
sqare inches
square feet
square yards
16. 38716
. 028317
cubic centimeters
cubic meters
. 9463
3. 7854
liters
liters
. 06102
35. 3145
cubic inches
cubic feet
1. 05668
. 26417
quarts (Liquid U.S.)

U.S. Gallons
28. 3495
453. 59
. 45359
grams
grams
kilograms
907. 9
1016. 05
kilograms
kilograms
57
CONVERSION FACTORS
English and Metric Weights and Measures
Multiply
By
To Obtain
WEIGHT - Metric
Grams
Grams
Kilograms
Kilograms
Kilograms
Kilograms
. 03527
. 002205
ounces
pounds
35. 274
2. 2046
. 001102
. 0009842
ounces
pounds
tons (short)
tons (long)
MISCELLANEOUS - English
Pounds per 1000 feet
Pounds per mile
Pounds per square inch
Pounds per square inch
1. 48816
. 28185
kilograms per kilometer

kilograms per kilometer
. 0007031
. 0731
kilograms per sq. millimeter

kilograms per sq. centimeter
Pounds per cubic inch
27. 68
grams oer cubic centimeter
Feet per second

Feet per second
Miles per hour
18. 288
1. 09728
1. 60935
meters per minute

kilometers per hour
kilometers per hour
Ohms per 1000 feet

Ohms per mile
3. 28083
. 62137
ohms per kilometer

ohms per kilometer
Decibels per 1000 feet

Decibels per mile
Decibels
3. 28083
. 62137
8. 686
decibels per kilometer

decibels per kilometer
nepers
. 67197
3. 54795
pounds per 1000 ft.

pounds per mile
MISCELLANEOUS - Metric
Kilograms per kilometer
Kilograms per kilometer
Kilograms per square millimeter
Kilograms per square centimeter
1422. 34
14. 2234
pounds per square inch

pounds per square inch
Grams per cubic centimeter
. 03613
pounds per cubic inch
Meters per minute

Kilometers per hour
Kilometers per hour
. 05468
. 91134
. 62137
feet per second

feet per second
miles per hour
Ohms per kilometer

Ohms per kilometer
. 3048
1. 6093
ohms per 1000 feet

ohms per mile
Decibels per kilometer

Decibels per kilometer
Nepers
. 3048
1. 6093
. 1153
decibels per 1000 feet

decibels per mile
decibels
TEMPERA
TURE
TEMPERATURE
Fahrenheit
Centigrade
5/9(F-32)
9/5C+32
Centigrade
Fahrenheit
58
DESIGN AND LAYOUT DATA

DC Circuit Characteristics
Ohms Law:
E
E=IR I= R=
R
E = voltage impressed on circult (volts)
I = current flowing in cricuit (ampheres)
R = circuit resistance (ohms)
I=
In direct current curcuits, electrical power is equal to the product of the

voltage and current:
power (watts)
voltage (volts)
current (amperes)
resistance (ohms)
The instantaneous values of an alternating current current or voltage

vary from zero to a maximum value each half cycle. In the practical
formulae which follow, the effective value of currnet and voltage is
used, defined as follows:
effective value = 0.707 x maximum instantaneolus value
Impedance:
Imedance is the total opposition to the low of alternating current. It is a
function of resistance, capacitive reactance and inductive reactance.
The following formulae relate these circuit properties:
XL
XC
Z
C
L
R
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
XC =
1
2fC
Z = R 2 + (XL - X C )
inductive reactance (ohms)

capacitive reactance (ohms)
frequency (cycles per second)
capacitance (farads)
inductance (henrys)
resistance (ohms)
3.14
I=
E
Z
Z=
E=
P
I X PF
PF =
P
E X I
Three-Phase Circuits, Balanced Star or WYE

I = IP
E
3
IN =
I =
IP =
E =
EP =
E= 3Ep =1.73Ep
E
= 0.577E
1.73
current in netural (amperes)

line current per phase (amperes)
current in each phase winding (amperes)
voltage, phase to phase (volts)
voltage, phase to neutral (volts)
Three-Phase Circuits, Balanced Delta

I = 1.732 x IP
IP =
1
3
= 0.577 X I
E=EP
Power: Balanced 3-wire, 3-phase circuit, Delta or

wye
E2 unity power factor (PF = 1.0):
Efor
IP = 1.732 x E x I
R
I=
P
3E
0.577xP
F
E=
P
3 xi
0.577xP
I
P = total power (watts)

for any load:
P=1.732 x E x L x PF VA = 1.732 x E x I
Ohms Law for AC Circuits

E=IxZ
KW = KVA X PF
P = E X I x PF
P = power (watts)
Ep =
AC Circuit Characteristics
XL = 2fL
P
E X PF
IN = O
P=EI=I2R=
P =
E =
I =
R=
EI
KW
=
1,000
PF
KVA =
E
I
Power FFactor
actor
Power factor of a circuit or system is the ratio of actual power (watts) to
apparent power (volt-amperes), and is equal to the cosine of the phase
of the circuit:
actual power
watts
KW
R
=
=
=
PF =
apparent power volts x amperes KVA
Z
P
0.577 x P
=
PF x 1.73 x I
PF x I
P
0.577 x P
E=
=
PF x 1.73 x E
PF x E
P
0.577 x P
PF =
=
1.73 x I x E
IxE
I=
VA =apparent power (volt-amperes)

P = actual power (watts)
E = line voltage (volts) phase to phase
I = line current (amperes)
KW = kilowatts
KVA = kilovolt-amperes = volt-amperes x 1,000
PF = power factor (expressed as decimal)
Power Loss : any AC or DC circuit
Single - Phase Circuits
P = I2R I =
P
P
R= 2
I
R
P = power heat loss in circuit (watts)
I = effective current in conductor (amperes0
R = conductor resistance (ohms)
59
ALTERNATION CURRENT FORMULAE

To
Find
Value
Known
Amperes
I
Hp
Amperes
I
Kw
Amperes
I
Kw
Kilowatts
Input Kw
SYSTEM
Direct Current
746 Hp
E x eff
I=
746 Hp
E x eff x pf
1000 Kw
E
I=
1000 Kw
E x pf
I=
I=
Single-Phase
I=
Kw =
IxE
1000
Horse-power
Output
I x E x eff
746
Hp =
I
= = Line current in amperes
= = Line-to-line volts.
E
K W = = Input in kilowatts.
K v a = = Input in kilovolt - ampheres
H P = = Output in horse power
746 Hp
2 x E x eff x pf
I x E x pf
1000
Kw =
1000 Kva
2E
1000 Kw
1.73 x E x pf
I=
I x 2 x pf
1000
1000 Kva
1.73E
I x E x 1.73 x pf
1000
I x E x 1.73
Kva=
1000
Kw =
Kva=
I x E x 2 x eff x pf
746
746 Hp
1.73 x E x eff x pf
I=
IxEx2
1000
I x E x 2 x eff x pf
Hp =
746
IxE
1000
ire
Two
-Phase
-Four W
wo-Phase
-Phase-Four
Wire
I=
1000 Kw
2 x E x pf
I =
I=
Kva=
Hp =
I=
1000 Kva
E
Kw =
KilovoltsAmperes Kva
Two
-Phase
-Four W
ire
wo-Phase
-Phase-Four
Wire
Hp =
I x E x 1.73 x eff x pf
746
e f f == Efficiency in decimals.
p f = = Power factor in decimals
In two-phase, three-wire, balancec curcuits, the amperes in the
common conductor are 1.41 times that in either of the other two.
SYSTEM DIAGRAMS
I = Line Current.
E = Voltage, Line-to-line.
I n = Netural Current.
(Based on balanced circuits)
FORMULAE FOR DETERMINING AMPERES IN AC CIRCUITS

E=
I=
I=
I=
I=
E
R
E
2
R + XL
E
2
R + XC
E
Z
E
Z
E
R2 +(XL - XC )2
E
RXL
E
Z
E
Z
R
AZ
I
E
XL
=
E
Z
=
=
=
=
=
Resistance in ohms.
Impedance in ohms.
Current in amperes
Pressure in volts
Inductive reactance in ohms = 2pfl
1
X C = Condensive reactance in ohms = 2fl
f = Frequency in cycles per second.

L = Inductance in Henrys.
C = Capacitance in Farads.
R2 + XL2
I=
E
RXC
R2 + XC 2
60
DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR TRANSMISSION LINES

The factors involved in designing the Overhead Transmission
Lines is too much complicated and requires a detailed study. The
designers and engineers are to determine the Line Voltage, Voltage
Drop, Power Loss, Power Factor, inductance, capacitance, corona
loss, mechanical characteristics of the line and then to determine
the suitable conductor size with its constructions. And for the
reference some brief Line formulae are given below for their
consideration:
LINE CONST
ANTS
CONSTANTS
ANTS::
COUNTRY
1.
A. INDUCTANCE
i)
ACING
C. SP
SPA
The spacing of the conductors is decided by taking into
consideration both the electrical and mechanical
characteristics of the conductors. Due to these varied factors
which are different for different lines and places the spacing
has no definite rule. The following formulae are in practice in
the different sectors of the world;
General
For a two-wire single phase overhead line, where

s=spacing of conductors in meters
r= radius of conductor in meters then the inductance
L= (1+ 4 loge s /r )x10-7 henries per metre
s
-7
= 4 log e /r x 10
ii)
approx. for wide spacings.
FORMULAE
V2
inches
2000
where c = constant = 0.75 for copper and ACSR
= 1.0 for AAC; d= Sag in metres
V=Line Voltage in KV.
- C d+
2. Netherlands
V
Cm.
1.25
where = deflection of insulator string.
3. Sweden
- 6.5 d + 0.7 V Cm.
7.5 (Sag+Length of string) x s in O +
= 14.8 x 10-4 log10 s /r henries/metre.
4. Czecholovakia -25+V+ 7 d Cm.
For a three-phase line with symmetrically

spaced conductors.
5. Poland
- 10 d +
6. Germany
- 7.5 d +
7. Italy
- 10 d +1.2 V Cm.
8. U.S.A.
- 0.76V+ 3.26 d inches.
9. France
- 0.8 d+Length of the String in metres
1 di
L
2 dt
where L= inductance of any plain of conductors taken
together.
i = current and t=temperature rise.
E.M.F. induced in any conductor =
iii) For a three-phase line with unsymmetrically spaced

conductors, inductive drop in line conductor can be
obtained as detailed below:
When:
A,B and C = line conductors.
a,b and cm = distances of B to C, C to A and
A to B respectively.
Considering Line conductor A the Inductive drop
= ( 1 - 2 Log r)xI x10-7 henries / metre.
e
A
2
= 2 logec x IB x10-7 henries / metre.
= 2logeb xIC x 10-7 henries / metre.
ACIT
ANCE
B. CAP
CAPA
CITANCE
i) For a two-wire single phase overhead line,
1.94x10-10
C= log s -r Farads / mile
10
r
ii) For a three-phase line on,

1. Equilateral Spacing
The line to line capacitance
1.94x10-8
Farads / mile
log10 s r
The line to neutral capacitance of A,
C=
CN1=
3.88x10-8
log10 rs
Farads / mile
2. Unsymmetrical Spacing
3.88x10-8
x 1 Farads/mile.
C=
log10 sr
V
Cm.
1.5
V
Cm.
1.5
V
metres.
150
LINE CALCULATIONS
A. SHORT SINGLE-PHASE LINE
+
VO =[(V+2RI Cos+x I sin)2 +(x I Cos-2RI sin) 12

V= line voltage at receiving end in volts.
I = line current in amperes
Cos = power factor.
R = resistance per conductor in ohms per mile
X = reactance of the loop formed by the two conductors
in ohms per mile = L
(where L = 14.8 x 10-4 log10 rs henries per mile)
B. SHORT THREE-PHASE LINE
The calculations for three-phase line is quite identical to that of
single phase line wherein the inductance per phase is equal to onehalf of the inductance of the loop formed by the two conductors
which we have seen previously.
CURRENT CARRYING CAP

ACITY
CAPA
The Continuous carrying capacity of a conductor is entirely dependable
on the conductor temperature rise above the ambient temperature. The
Safe maximum operating temperature for bare conductor is limited since
the temperature affects on the mechanical characteristics of the overhead
lines. Subject to investigations on fittings performance, continuous
operations at 75C (167F) is considered safe from any deterioration in
strength of the conductor. Higher temperature operation is admissible
depending on certain conditions.
VIBRA
TION OF CONDUCT
ORS
VIBRATION
CONDUCTORS
The disturbances of transmission line conductors as a result of wind
action have of recent years come to be recognised as a
61
serious cause of interruption to service. Consequently, much time

and expense have been expended by power companies and
manufacturers in studying the causes and effects of those
disturbances, and providing remedies. Three rather distinct types of
disturbances of vibratory character have been observed and recorded
in transmission line conductors regardless of the conductor material.
DANCING
Another type of conductor vibration which has come to be known
as Dancing is a low frequency, large amplitude oscillation of the
conductors in which the points of support move with respect to
each other longitudinally. Such oscillations, although of
comparatively rare occurrence, have been observed and recorded.
They are usually started by the lift-drift effect of the wind on irregular
sections of ice or snow clinging to the conductor. The tremors
produced by the wind action become amplified by the sympathetic
action of the insulator strings and the supporting poles of towers.
Sometimes the vertical oscillations of spans several hundred feet
long have amounted to as much as 15 or 20 feet. The wind velocity
in such causes is usually fairly high, that is, around 25 to 30 miles
per hour.
As yet no practical remedies for preventing dancing have come
into general use. All kinds of conductors are subjected to this type
of disturbance.
A special form of dancing is sometimes produced when a heavy
load of ice or snow falls off from a span. In such cases the
conductor springs upward due to its own elasticity. If the ends of
such a span are dead-ended the violence of the uplift of the
conductor is not great and the disturbance dies away more
rapidly than if the span is supported by suspension insulator
strings, in which case the adjoining spans take up the motion
and transmit the oscillations to the towers. As a result such a
disturbance sometimes throws a complete line into violent
oscillations for a considerable distance.
Dancing and Steel-Jump do not materially damage conductor
or any other part of the line as a rule except for the fact that the
conductors may come together causing short circuits and possibly
damaging or even burning off the conductors. Just as in the case of
dancing no reliable preventive for damage due to Steel-Jump
has been produced. However, the same device which would limit
the dancing. Effect would also be of service in reducing the effects
due to Steel-Jump.
RESONANT VIBRA
TION
VIBRATION
Resonant vibration occurs in a conductor span without appreciable
change of its length and therefore the points of support of the span
remain practically stationary. These vibration occur in the form of
standing loops with nodes between them. The frequency of these
vibrating loops is high although the wind velocity which products
them is low, that is, from 2 or 3 miles per hour upto a maximum of
12 to 15. Under these conditions the wind velocity is frequently
uniform and steady over a considerable area and, indeed, these
effects usually occur only at times when the air is not turbulent.
Such conditions occur in the late evening through the night and
the early morning.
When resonant vibration occurs occasional cases of fatigue breaks
of conductor strands at points of support have been experienced
with all kinds of conductors. At the present time it is generally
accepted that fatigue break is a progressive fracture following the
natural planes of cleavage between crystals. The characteristic
appearance of such a fracture, therefore, is sharp (i.e. without necking
down) and exposes the natural crystalline structure of the material.
It is also accepted that such fractures of Conductor strand at points
of support may be produced by resonant vibration. This produces a
rapid bending of the conductor up and down through a small
amplitude, which, in turn, produces a rapid alteration of stress at
the top and bottom of the conductor.
For many years it was common practice to armour conductors at
points of support by means of wrapping of Flat Armour Wire. This
prevented abrassion of conductors, and tended to decrease the
bending stresses due to vibration. Further experience and
demonstration have developed the idea of protective armour to a
much greater extent.
CY
CL
ONIC GYRA
TION
CYCL
CLONIC
GYRATION
Still another form of violent disturbance of transmission line
conductors has been found due to localised rarified conditions of
the air or partial vacuum produced in the neighbourhood of the
conductors by reason of extremely high velocities of a cyclonic
character near the line. Such wind action has been known to lift the
conductors bodily and when the action of gravity has thus been
neutralized the conductors are free to move in any lateral direction
in obedience to the whim of the wind. This produces such violent
and wild gyrations of the conductors that it is very easy for them to
come together and arc. Any remedy to be effective in such cases
requires a careful study of the local conditions in each case.
The most simple and efficient reinforcement is found in the use of

Armour Rods. This armour consists of a spiral layer of round rods
surrounding the conductor for a short distance. The attachment of
the conductor to its support is made in the middle of this armoured
length. As this provides, at the support, a stranded conductor of
much larger diameter than the actual conductor the resistance to
bending is correspondingly greater; whereas, the energy to be
absorbed by this bending is only that collected in the span conductor
itself. Expressed in other terms, armour rods increase the resisting
moment of the conductor. This not only reduces stress by distributing
the bending but also strengthens the cable in the region of
maximum bending stress.
CORONA
When an alternative potential difference is supplied across two
conductors whose spacing is large as compared to their diameter
and the p. d. is increased then a point is reached when a faint
luminous glow of blush colour appears along the length of the
conductors at the same time a hissing sound is heard. This bluish
discharge is known as Corona. Corona is always accompanied by
the production of Ozone which is readily detected because of its
characteristic odour. If the p.d. is further increased then the glow
and hissing both increase in intensity till a spark over between the
conductors takes place due to the break down of air insulation. If
the conductor are smooth and polished, the Corona glow is uniform
along their lengths but if there are any roughness they will be
picked up by relatively brighter illumination. In case of conductors
with a spacing shorter as compared to their diameters sparking
may take place without any visible glow.
Corona occurs when the electrostatis stress in the air around the
conductors exceeds 30 kv. maximum / cm. or 21 kv. R. M. S./cm.
The effective disruptive critical voltage to neutral is given by the
relation.
Although primarily a reinforcement, armour rods also have damping

effect. Comparative records indicate that they reduce amplitude of
vibration by from 10% to 20%. A contingent advantage of
considerable value is the protection of the cable from flashover
burns.
The resonant vibration problem has been attacked from still another
angle, i.e. by damping devices whose object is to prevent the
occurrence of resonant vibration. Practical damping was first
accomplished by the Stock-bridge Damper which consists of
resiliently supported weights with a suitable clamp for attachment
to the conductor. The action of the damper is to absorb continuously
the energy of the incipient vibrations imparted to the conductor by
the wind, thus preventing the building up of amplitude. Since this
input of energy varies directly as the amplitude a properly designed
and located damper has very little work to do.
The dimensions and proper application of Stockbridge dampers
have been determined and perfected for all conductor sizes by
extensive field and laboratory investigations.
62
vc
=
where,
=
Mo
D
r
=
=
=
21.1 Mor x 2.3 log 10 D/r kv.
The method described here is developed for conditions of loading

whether is still air or wind, and is applicable to conductor of any
material.
Irregularity factors which takes into account the

surface conditions of conductor.
Distance between wire centres in cm.
Radius of conductor in cm.
Air density factor.
1. First calculate the horizontal wind loading P in lbs. per ft. on

the conductor, from the formula:
P=
The value of is given by
3.92b
273+ t
b
= Barometric pressure in cm. of Hg.
t
= Temperature C.
when, b = 76 and t = 25C, = 1
=
where d= diameter of conductor in ins.

R = radial thickness of ice in ins.
2. Calculate the ice loading. Assuming that the ice coating weighs
57 lbs./ft.3 the weight in pounds per ft. of conductor of the ice
deposit is given by:
IRREGULARITY FACTOR
Polished Wire
Weathered Wire
7-Strand Conductors
More than 7-Strands
...
...
...
...
Horizontal wind loading per sq. ft. of Projected Area x (d+2R)

12
1.0
0.93 to 0.98
0.83 to 0.87
0.9 (approx.)
1.246 R (d+R)
3. Calculate the total weight W of the loaded conductor per ft. in
lbs. from:
W = + ice loading
CORONA POWER
Formation of Corona is always accompanied by a dissipation of
energy. This loss will have some effect on the efficiency of the line
but will not have any appreciable effect on the line regulation. This
loss is affected both by atmospheric and line conditions. Soon after
the critical voltage is reached the Corona loss increases as the
square of the excess voltage. The loss for voltage of v.kv to neutral is
given by the following impirical relation,
where = weight, per foot in pounds of conductor alone.

4. Calculate the loading factors q1 and q 2 for the two conditions
of the load from:
q=
(f +25) (r)
P = 241
(v - Vc)2 x105 kw / km.
(D)
P2 + W 2
q 2 is the loading factor under the required conditions of loading

and in still air with no ice (which is the most usual condition)
q2 = 1.
Where f is the frequency of the a.c. in cycles / sec.

Various methods are employed for limiting the incidence of Corona
but one of the most effective is by increasing the overall diameter
and thereby the surface area per unit length of the conductor. This is
of course automatically achieved upto a certain point by the
employment of A.C.S.R. Conductors. In extreme cases, however, it
becomes necessary to adopt other means such as increasing the
distance between conductors employing expanded or hollow
conductors of large diameter, or by the use of more than one
conductor per phase.
When specified worst loading conditions are given as a

superimposed load which is a function of the conductor diameter,
say n, then,
q=
nd +
5. Calculate constant K from the expression:
CORROSION PROTECTION
k = f1 -
The high resistance of Aluminium to atmospheric corresion, and

the use of galvanised steel wire for A.C.S.R. Conductors, to a great
extent prevent trouble arising from corrosion but additional protection
can be secured by oiling and greasing.
On the infrequent occasion when corrosion does occur it can be
grouped into two classes, namely, internal and external.
Internal corrosion between the galvanised steel and the adjacent
aluminium wires can be eliminated to a great extent by suitable
grease protection. If this precaution is not taken the corrosion will
spread to the outside and it is this phenomenon which is responsible
for the mistaken impression in some quarters that the corrosion
starts on the outside of the conductors.
Exposure conditions vary with the direction and velocity of the
prevailing wind, the concentration of the salt in the atmosphere
where the line is erected near the sea, the amount of rainfall, and
the degree of tightness of the aluminium wires round the steel core
in the case of A.C.S.R.
It is now the general practice of the Company to added protection
to both steel cored and homogenous conductors by an internal
application of special grease or oil if asked for.
12 2q12E
... (1)
24 f12
where, f1 Specified maximum stress of the conductor in lbs / in2

for the worst weather conditions or for the superimposed loading
conditions corresponding to q1.
I = Span length in feet.
E = Modulus of Elasticity in lb / sq. in
= Weight per foot of conductor per sq. in of cross-section
Note: = 1.17 for Aluminium Wires.
= 1.18 to 1.20 for All Aluminium conductors
depending on the size.
= 1.40 to 2.10 for ACSR Conductors.
6. The stress f2 under the loading conditions corresponding to q2 is
found by solving the equation:
12 2q22E
... (2)
24
where = Co-efficient of linear expansion.
f22[f 2 -(K - tE)] =
SA
G CALCULA
TION
SAG
CALCULATION
The sag allowed in a conductor at the time of erection must be such
that under given loading conditions a specified maximum tension
is not exceeded. These conditions may be wind and ice; wind alone
or an empirical loading stated in terms of the conductor diameter.
t=
63
Difference in temperature between two sets

of conditions.
7.
The sag is then calculated from expression:

Sag=
12 q2
Sag =
..
8f2
(3)
if T1, and T2 = Total tension in the conductors under the conditions

of loading represented by q1 and q2 respectively,
and = EA, where A is the total area of
cross-section.
Then,
12 q12 2
-(1a)
24T12
T22 [T2 - (K - t )]=
12 2 q22
.
24
.(3a)
To illustrate the method of calculating the sags and tensions in

over-head conductors, one numerical example is given. To
example is illustrated the method calculating the sag from the
alternative loading conditions quoted in terms of the conductor
diameter.
Example: To determine the sag is still air at 122F for a 0.175 sq.
in. section copper conductor and also for the equivalent ACSR
Conductor on a 900 ft. span length such that at 22F the tension
in the conductor does not exceed 75% of the breaking strength,
when subjected to a superimposed vertical load in lb. per ft. of
3.5 (a constant n). x the conductor diameter. The ACSR Conductor
of 0.75 sq. in. copper equivalent is 30/.110 Aluminium and 7/
.110 Steel type LYNX.
The equations may also be expressed in terms of the total tension in

the conductors as follows:
K = T1 -
12 q 2
.
8 T2
.(2a)
COPPER
A.C.S.R.
Stranding = 7/.180
Stranding = 30/.110-Aluminium, 7/110-Steel.
E = 18x106 lb/sq. in
E=13.31x106 lb./sq.in.
a = 9.92 x 10-6 per F.
a=10.24 x 10-6 per F
=3.93
=1.62
Diameter = 0.540
Weight per foot run = = 0.698 lbs.
Daimeter = d=0.770
Total weight per foot;
Weight per foot run = = 0.571 lbs.
W =nd+
Total Weight per foot:
= (3.5 x 0.54) + 0.698
W=nd+=(3.5x 0.77)+0.571 = 3.266
= 2.588
q1 = W/w = 3.71
q1=W/w=5.72
q2 = 1
q2=1
Breaking Strength = 17530 lbs. (from B.S.S.-215)
Breaking Strength = 9920 lb.

(from B.S.S. = 125)
75% x Breaking Strength = 13150 lbs.
75% x Breaking Strength = 7440 lbs
Area of Cross-section = 0.3515 sq. in
Area of Cross-section = 0.178 sq. in.
Maximum Working Stress:
7440
= 41,750 lbs./sq. in.
Maximum Working Stress: f1=
0.178
K = f1 -
(12 2 q12 E)
24 f12
= f1 =
= -32,350
K = f1 -
t = 100F.
atE = 9.22 x 10-6 x 100 x 18 x 106 = 16580.
F2
(12 2 q12 E)
2412
=11,100
t=100F
12 q22 E
[f2 - (K - a tE)] =
24
tE=10.24x10-6x100x13.3x106=13630
f22(f2+48930)=9.37x1012
f22 [f2-(K-a tE)]=
f2=12350 lbs./sq. in.

Sag =
13150
= 37,500 lbs./sq in.
0.5515
12 q2
=32.2 ft.
8 f2
12 2 q22 E
24
f22(f2+2530)=1.15 x 1012
f2=9800 lbs./sq. in.
Sag=
12q2
=16.75 ft.
8f2
The comparison of sags in this example emphasises one of the advantages of A.C.S.R. Conductors over copper Conductor in the overhead
Power Transmission System.
64
GLOSSARY
A
Bunch Strand : Any number of conductor strands twisted together

in one direction with the same lay length is form a stable assembly.
Braider : A machine used to apply a woven fiberous or metallic
braid over a cable.
Brake Wire : Wires used in the manufacture of both home and
truck trailers to supply current to the electrical brake system
Building Wire : Commercial wires used in the building trades.
Bunched : A term applied to a number of wires twisted together in
one Stranding direction operation without any regard to their
geometric arrangement.
Abrasion Resistance : The ability of a material to resist prolonged

surface wear by friction.
Accelerated Aging Test : A test in which defined conditions
such as voltage, temperature, etc to which a cable or material is
subjected are increased in magnitude above normal operating values
to obtain observable deterioration in a reasonable period of time and
thereby provide a relative measure of the probable cable or material
life under operating voltages, temperature, etc.
Admittance The reciprocal of impedance.
Aging: (Also called precipitation hardening) - The hardening of a
metal involving a fine dispersion of rejected solute from a
supersaturated solid solution.
Natural Aging: The age-hardening process that occurs slowly at
roomt emperature.
Artificial Aging: The age-hardening process that employs a slightly
elevated temperature to achieve a controlled fine dispersion of
percipitates.
Alive : Electrically connected to a source of voltage of a potentially
hazardous or Lethal level.
Alloy: A combination of two or more metals for the purpose of
modifying properties of one of the metals.
Alternating Current : An electric current that continually reverses
its direction giving a definite plus and minus wave form at fixed
intervals. The frequency of the change in flow is expressed in
cycles per second (Hertz or Hz)
Aluminium Conductor Material : CSA recognition for use in
building wire applications.
Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced : A stable conductor
assembly of aluminium wires stranded around a steel core.
Ambient Temperature: The temperature of a medium such as
gas or liquid surrounding an object.
American Wire Gauge : A North American standard system used
for designating conductor diameter.
Ampacity : The maximum permitted current for a conductor in
accordance With defined rules and operating conditions.
Ampere : Unit of measurement of electrical current.
Anneal : The process of controlled heating and cooling of a metal to
achieve predetermined characteristics such as tensile strength and
elongation.
Anodizing : (also called an anodic oxidation) - A process for
artificially thickening the layer of aluminum oxide on the surface of
aluminum, sometimes as much as 0.001 inches thick.
C
Cable : Either a stranded conductor with insulation with or without
other coverings (single-conductor cable), or a combination of
conductors insulated from one another (multiple conductor cable).
Capacitance : That property of a system of conductors and
dielectrics which permits the storage of electricity when a potential
difference exists between the conductors. Its value is expressed
as the ratio of a quantity of electricity to a potential difference.
Certified Test Report : A report providing actual test data on a
cable Tests are Normally conducted by the Quality Control Department
to confirm that the product being shipped conforms to specifications.
Circuit Breaker : A device designed to open and close a circuit by
non-automatic means and to open the circuit automatically on a
predetermined over current without damage to itself when properly
applied within its rating.
Circular Mil : A unit of cross-sectional area, commonly used to
express the area of conductor which is the area of a circle 001
inches in diameter.
Coaxial Cable : A cable configuration having two cylindrical
conductors with Coincidental axes, such as, conductor with a
tubular shield surrounding the conductor and insulated from it.
Code, Installation : A document, usually enforced by legislation
which determines the installation rules for products in locations
where the general public may legitimately be present, in the interest
of public safety.
Coefficient of Expansion : The fractional change in dimension of
a material given a unit change in temperature.
Cold Flow : Permanent deformation of a material due to a mechanical
force.
Composite Cable : One containing more than one type of gauge
size of conductors (e.g. power and control conductors in one
assembly.)
Concealed : Rendered permanently inaccessible by the structure
or finish of the building.
Concentric Lay Cable : A multiple conductor cable composed
of helically laid Around a core, which are collectively connected to
the neutral point of an electrical system.
Concentric Stranding: A central wire surrounded by one or more
layers of helically wound strands in a round stable geometric
arrangement.
Concentricity : The measurement of the location of the centre of
the conductor with respect to the geometric centre of the
surrounding insulation.
Conductivity : A term used in describing the capability of a
conductor to carry Electric current. Usually expressed as a percent
of a soft copper conductor which is defined as being 100%
conductive.
Conductor : A wire or stable assembly of wires of long length
relative to its cross-section suitable for carrying electrical current.
Combination of Unilay Conductor : A central core wire
surrounded by a layer of six helically laid wires of the same diameter
as the core wire with a helically laid outer layer containing six
smaller wires alternated between six wires of the same diameter
as the wires in the layer underneath. Both layers have a common
length and direction of lay.
B
Bare Conductor : A conductor not covered with insulating material.
Bending Radius :Radius of curvature that a cable can be safely
bent through without any adverse effects on mechanical and
insulating properties.
Bobbins : Metal spools used for taking up drawn wire and
subsequently used for payout packages in cabling and stranding
equipment.
Bonding : A low impedance path obtained by permanently joining
all non-current carrying metal parts to assure electrical continuity
and having the capacity to conduct safely and current likely to be
imposed on it.
Bonding Conductor : A conductor which connects the non-current
carrying metal parts of electrical equipment. raceways, or enclosure
to the service equipment or system grounding conductor.
Braid : A fibrous or metallic group of filaments interwoven in
cylindrical shape to form a covering over one or more wires.
Branch Circuit :That portion of a wiring installation between the
final overcurrent device protecting the circuit and the outlets.)
Breakdown Voltage : The short time voltage at which the insulation
between two energized conductors breaks down from an insulating
to a conducting state.
65
Composite Conductor : A composite conductor consists of two

or more strands of different metals such as aluminium and steel or
aluminium and steel or aluminium and aluminium alloy i.e. ACSR
ACAR,AWAC.
Conventional Concentric Conductor : A conductor constructed
with a central Core surrounded by one or more layers of helically
laid wires. The direction of Lay is reversed in successive layers
and generally with an increase in length of lay for successive layers.
Conductor Shield : An extrusion of semi-conducting material over
the conductor to provide a smooth interface with the insulating for
even distribution of electrical stress.
Corona : A discharged due to ionization of air around a conductor
due to a potential gradient exceeding a certain critical value.
Creep :The dimensional change with time of a material under a
mechanical load.
Crimp : Act of compressing (deforming) a connector barrel around
a cable in order to make an electrical connection.
Cross-linked : inter-molecular bonds produced between long chain
molecules in a polymeric material to increase molecular size by
chemical or electron bombardment means which changes the material
from thermoplastic to thermoset.
Crosstalk : Signal interference between nearby conductor caused
by pickup of stray energy.
Current : The rate of transfer of charge. Practical unit is the ampere
which represents the transfer of one Coulomb per second.
Cut through Resistance : The ability of a material to withstand
cutting from a sharp edge under pressure.
C : Centigrade or Celsius.
Calibration : The process of setting a measurement instrument by
use of standards .
Compact Conductor : A concentric stranded conductor which
after stranding and on subsequent layers in a multiple layered cable,
is passed through a closing die or roller die to reduce the diameter
approximately 10% thus eliminating the normal interstices in the
cable.
Compressed Conductor : A concentric stranded conductor which
after stranding or on subsequent layers of a multiple layered
conductor is passed through a die to reduce the overall diameter
approximately 3%.
Corrosion : The process of result of a material being eaten or
worn away, usually by chemical reaction.
Cross Sectional Area : The area of an object exposed by cutting
it perpendicular to its longitude plane.
Cu : Copper.
Current Carrying Capacity : The current a conductor of a given
size is Capable safely without exceeding its own temperature
limitations at a defined set of conditions.
CW : Copperweld.
Direct Current : An electrical current which flows in one direction

only.
Disconnect : A device group of devices, or other means whereby
the conductors of a circuit can be opened i.e. disconnected from
their source of supply.
Duty : A characteristic of an electrical service that describes the
degree of regularity of the load overtime.
Continuous Duty : A duty of the load which is substantially constant
over prolonged time.
Short time Duty : A duty of the load which is substantially constant
for a short and defined time.
Intermittent Duty : A duty of the load having defined periods of
Load and no-load. Load and rest and Load no load and rest
Periodic Duty : A Duty of the load in which the load conditions are
regularly recurrent.
Varying Duty : A duty of the load having loads over intervals of
time both of which are subject to wide variation.
Die : A device used in the drawing of the wire that element through
which the wire is drawn to achieve a predetermined diameter. A
mold used to form a plastic compound around a wire or cable.
Dielectric : A material with good electrical insulating character
insulating medium.
Dielectric Strength : A term used to define the degree of insulating
Characteristics possessed by a dielectric.
Dip Process : The process of covering a surface by means of
dipping It into or through a molten bath of the coating material. This
may be followed by dippings or baths in other solutions and/or
materials to produce desired results.
Direct Current Resistance : The resistance offered by a circuit
to the flow of direct current.
Direction of Lay : See Lay Direction.
Drain Wires : A number of small gauge bare wires applied
concentrically about the insulation shield of a high voltage cable for
the purpose of a fault current return path.
Drawing : The process of reducing a cylindrical rod or wire to a
desired diameter by pulling the wire through a die or series of dies
thus stretching the wire.
Draw Feed : Stock Rod or wire that is subsequently drawn to a
smaller size.
Duplex Cable : A cable composed of two conductors twisted
together usually one insulated and one bare neutral.
E
Earth : British terminology for zero reference ground.
Eccentricity : Like concentricity, a measure of the centre of a
conducts location with respect to the circular cross-section of the
insulation. Expressed as a percentage of displacement of the one
circle within the other.
Elastomer : A rubber like substance. Any material that will return
to its original dimensions after being stretched or distorted.
Electrical Metallic Tubing : A raceway of circular cross-section
intended to contain electrical conductors for the purpose of
mechanical and electrical protection having thinner wall section
than rigid metal conduit of equivalent nominal trade size and assembled
in the field without the use of threaded components.
Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing : A nonmetallic raceway of circular
cross-section.
Electrode : A conductor through which a current enters or leaves
a electrolytic Cell, arc furnace, vacuum tube, gas discharge tube or
other non metallic meterial
Electrolysis : The production of chemical changes by passage of
current through an electrolyte.
Electromagnetic Field : See magnetic field.
EMI : Electromagnetic interference. Unwanted parasitic
electromagnetic waves Capable of affecting the operation of
communication and single circuits and devices.
Electromotive Force : That force which determines the flow of
electricity a difference of electric potential.
Electroplate : The term used to indicate the application of a metallic
coating on a Surface by means of electrolytic action.
D
Dead when applied to electrical equipment : The current
carrying parts of Electrical equipments are free from any electrical
connection to a source of voltage and from electrical charge and
does not have a voltage different from that of earth. Decibel (db)
Unit to express difference of power level. Used to express power
gain in amplifiers or power loss in passive circuits or cables.
Derating Factor : A factor used to reduce the rated ampacity of a
conductor to correct for environments other than that for which the
rated ampacity was established.
Dielectric : A material with good electrical insulating characteristics.
Dielectric Constant (K) : The radio of the capacitance of a
condensor with dielectric between the electrodes to the capacitance
when air is between the Electrodes. Also called permitivity and
specific inductive capacity (SIC).
Dielectric Strength : An insulation rating in terms of its ability to
withstand electrical stress.
Dielectric Test. : A test carried out to establish the dielectric strength
of an insulation.
66
Electrostatic Shield : A metallic envelope around a voltage source

intended to control electrostatic fields.
Elongation : The increase in length of material stressed in tension.
Equal load sharing : An even distribution of current between the
parallel cables in a power circuit.
Equilay : See Unilay More than one layer of helically laid wires with
the length of the lay the same for each layer.
EC : Electrical conductor (electrical grade aluminium now known
as Alloy 1350)
Electromagnetic : Magnetism caused by the flow of an electric
current.
Heat Shock : A test to determine the resistance of a material to

damage by applied mechanical force following exposure to a high
temperature of specified magnitude. Henry (H) An electrical unit
denoting the inductance of a circuit in which a current varying at the
rate of one ampere per second produces an electromotive force of
one volt. Hertz.(Hz) A unit of frequency.
Hygroscopic : A material capable of absorbing moisture from the
air
Harness : An assembly of conductors grouped and bound together
in a fixed configuration to be used as circuitry or a given application
i.e.Automotive wiring harness aircraft wiring harness.
Helix : A spiral winding.
Hot Working : Deformation of the metal at a high enough
temperature to prevent strain hardening.
Warm Working : Hot working at a low enough temperature to
retain some strain hardening; used in EC rolling to obtain rod tensile
strengths above 12ksi.
HV : High Voltage.
Hybird Cable : A multiconductor cable containing two or more
types of cable and/or metal.
F
Farad (F) : A unit of electric capacitance. The capacitance of a
capacitor which when charged with one coulomb, gives a difference
of potential of one volt.
Fatigue Resistance : Resistance of material to fracture due to the
application of cyclical stresses.
Feeder : Any portion of an electrical circuit between the service
box or other source of supply and the branch circuit overcurrent
protective device.
Ferrous : Composed of and/or containing iron. A ferrous metal may
exhibit magnetic characteristics (e.g. Steel armour).
Frequency : The number of repetitive cycles of altemating current
or voltage in one second.
F : Fahrenheit
I
Impact Strength : The resistance of a cable component to damage
due to the dropping of a weight onto the component under gravity.
Impedance : The total opposition of a circuit to the flow of current
with applied altermating voltage.
Impulse Voltage : A transient surge of voltage of unidirectional
polarity high magnitude and short duration measured in
microseconds.
Impulse Strength : The electrical stress at which the breakdown
of insulation occurs when exposed to a voltage impulse.
Impulse Test : An insulation test in which the voltage applied is an
impulse voltage of specified wave shape and duration.
Inductance : A magnetic property of a circuit or circuit element that
opposes a change in current flow expressed in henrys.
Inhibitor (Corrosion) : A material which prevents or delays
oxidation and other action on a connector surface.
Insulator : A component of such low electrical conductivity that
the flow of current through it can usually be neglected.
Interstices : In cable construction the space valley or void left
between or around the cabled conductors.
Intrinsically Safe : Any spark or themal effect that may occur in
normal use or under any conditions of fault likely to occur in practice
is incapable of causing an ignition of the prescribed flammable gas
vapour or dust.
Ionization : The act of splitting into or producing ions usually in air
under conditions of electric stress.
ISO 9000 : ISO quality Assurance Program.
ID : Internal Diameter.
IACS : International Annealed Copper Standard.
Impedance : The apparent resistance to flow of an alternating
current generally expressed in ohms.
Individual Strand Diameter : The diameter of an individual strand
of a stranded Wire.
G
Galling : Surface damage when two materials slide against each
other, resulting in localized welding of high spots. Typically refers to
Al or cu sticking in wire drawing dies and the resultant drawn wire
damage.
Gauge : See American Gauge. Ground (GND) A connection to
earth obtained through a grounding electrode.
Grain Refining : The practice of adding an insoluble particle to
molten metal, such as TiB2 to aluminum, to produce a small grain size
in the cast bar structure.
Grounded : Connected effectually with the general mass of the
earth through a grounding path of sufficiently low impedance and
having an ampacity sufficient at all times, under the most severe
conditions which are liable to arise in practice. to prevent any current
in the grounding conductor from causing a harmful voltage
to exist. between the grounding conductors and neighbouring
exposed conducting surface which are in good contact with the
earth or between the grounding conductors and neighbouring
surfaces of the earth itself
Grounding : A permanent continuous conducting path to the
grounding electrode sufficient to carry fault currents imposed on
the path for the required duration to limit the voltage rise at any point
on the path to a safe level and to facilitate the Safe operation of
overcurrent protective devices in the circuit.
Grounding Conductor : The conductor which connects noncurrent-carrying metal of service equipment and the neutral point at
the service to the ground electrode.
Grounding Electrode : A buried metal water-piping system or
metal object or device buried in or driven into the ground so as to
make intimate contact there With to which a grounding conductor is
electrically and mechanically connected.
Gauge : A term used to denote the physical size of a wire See
American Wire gauge.
Galvanizing : A coating of some metal part (usually steel or iron)
with zinc by dipping or electroplating.
Generator : A machine used to change mechanical energy into
electrical energy
GIGA-Hertz : One billion hertz (109HZ) equal to 1 KMC (1000
megacycles)
J
Jumper : A short length of conductor used to make connection
between terminals or other conducting components of electrical
equipment.
Jacket : A covering put around an insulated conductor for the
purpose of protection and/or resistance.
Junction box : A box used in an electrical circuit to enclose and
permit access of electrical connection.
Hard Drawn Wire : Wire that has not been heat-treated after
drawing.
Kcmil : Thousands circular mil.a unit of area used to describe

electrical conductor (see circular mil).
Kilowatt : A unit of electrical power equal to one thousand watts.
KCM : 1000 circular mils (see Circular Mil)
67
KV : Kilovolt (1000 volts).

KVA : Kilovolt ampere (1000 volt x amperes).
KWH : Kilowatt Hours (1000 watt hours).
O
Ohm : A unit of electrical resistance the resistance of a circuit in
which a potential difference of one volt produces a current of one
ampere.
Ohms Law : Current I in terms of electromotive force E and
resistance R given by equation I = E/R.
Operating Temperature : Temperature an insulation is capable
of operating at continuously without risk of damage.
Outlet :A point in the wiring installation at which current is taken to
supply Utilization equipment.
Overcurrent Device : Any device capable of automatically opening
an electric circuit under both predetermined overload and shortcircuit conditions either by fusing of metal or by electro-mechanical
means. Overlap (Overlay) The amount the trailing edge laps over
the leading edge of a spiral tape wrap.
Overload Device : A device which will provide overcurrent
protection under overload but not necessarily short-circuit
conditions.
Overloaded Temperature : Temperature above the temperature
rating of the insulation.
Overpotential : A voltage above the normal operating voltage of a
device or circuit.
Oxidation : The process of uniting a compound with oxygen usually
resulting in unwanted surface degradation of the material or
compound.
OAW : Overall width
OD : The overall diameter of a circle, including conductor(s)
insulations(s), jacket (if used) and concentric neutral (if used)%
Oscilloscope : Test instrument for showing visually the changes
in a varying current by displaying the corresponding voltage wave
form on a fluorescent screen.
Ozone : Form of oxygen produced by discharge into air. Chemical
symbol 03.
L
Lay : The distance taken to complete one revolution of helically laid
cable Components measured along the longitudinal axis of a cable.
Life Cycle : The life of a cable or component when exposed to an
environment either in service or under defined test condition.
Line Voltage : The portential difference between two lines of a
three phase alternative current circuit.
Line Wire : A suspended or aerial distribution conductor either
bare or protected from the environment by means of a covering.
Loss : Energy dissipated without accomplishing useful work.
Loss Factor : The product of the dissipation and dielectric constant
of an insulating material.
Lug : Termination usually crimped or soldered to the conductor
with provision for bolting on to terminal.
Lay Direction : The direction in which the members of a cable are
applied the direction of the twist normally referred to as left hand S
or right hand Z. The direction in which the strands diverge from an
observer when looking perpendicular to a cable end.
Line Voltage : The voltage existing in a phase conductor in an
electrical circuit either phase to ground (neutral) or phase to phase.
M
Magnet Wire : Insulated wire or rectangular strip intended for use
in windings on motor transformer and other coils for electromagnetic
devices.
Magnetic Field : The region surrounding a magnet or currentcarrying conduct through which magnetic forces act.
Magnetic Flux : The flow of magnetic energy across or through a
surface (real or imaginary).
Master Alloy (also called hardener) : An alloy containing at least
some of the base (i.e. aluminum) and one or more added elements
for use in making alloying additions to molten aluminum.
Microwave : A short electromagnetic wave with a wave length
usually less than 30 cm.
Modulus of Elasticity : The ratio of stress to strain in a material
that is elastically deformed.
Metual Capacitance : Capacitance between two conductors when
all other conductors including ground are connected together.
Magnetic Field : The region within which a body or current
experiences magnetic force.
Messenger : A bare cable used for its strength characteristics to
support power conductors and insulated power cables. A messenger
can be used as a conductor, partial conductor or non-conductor.
Micrometer : An instrument used for measuring diameter usually
in thousandths of an inch.
Mil : One one thousand of an inch.
Milivolt : One one thousand of a volt.
MKS : Meter-kilogram-second.
Modulus of Elasticity : The ratio of stress to strain in an elastic
material.
P
Parallel Conductors : Two or more conductors of like phase so
as to share the phase current in power circuits so as to permit the
use of smaller conditions.
Percent Conductivity : Conductivity of a metal expressed as a
percentage of the International annealed copper standard (%IACS).
Permittivity Preferred term for dielectric constant.
pH : The measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance neutrally
being at pH 7. Acid solutions are under 7 alkaline solutions over 7.
Pitch : See Lay.
Pitch Diameter : The diameter of a circle passing through the
centre of the conductors in any layer of a multi-conductor cable.
Pulling Eye : A device fastened to a conductor or cable to which
a hook may be attached in order to pull the cable.
PAC : Pre assembled aerial cable.
Package : An object used for accumulating and dispensing wire
and cable for further processing or end use. A few of the more
popular types of packages are reels, bobbins, spools, stems, and
coils.
Pay-Off : The process of feeding a cable or wire from a bobbin,
reel or other packages. Also a device used for paying out wire or
cable into a piece of equipment or machinery.
Peak Voltage : The maximum instantaneous voltage of an electrical
circuit.
Pitch Diameter: The diameter of a circle passing through the center
of the conductors in any layer of a multi-conductor cable.
Prototype : Original design or first operating model.
Proximity Effect : The phenomena of non uniform current
distribution over the cross-section of a conductor caused by the
variation of the current in an adjoining conductor.
PSI : Pound per square inch.
N
National Electri Code : Installation code governing electrical
installations in the United States.
Neutral Point : That point or terminal of a polyphase alternating
current circuit which is at a potential such that the potential difference
between it and each of the other terminals of the same circuit are
approximately equal in magnitude and in phase displacement.
NEC : National Electrical Code.
Neutral Conductor : In multiphase circuits the conductor used to
carry unbalanced current and in single phase system the conductor
used for a return current path,
Nominal (NOM) : The preferred size or weight that is specified or
indicated for a certain cable element.
Q
Quadruplex Cable : A Cable composed of four conductors twisted
68
Specific Inductive Capacity : See Dielectric Constant.

Strand : One of the wires of any stranded conductor.
Stranded Conductor : A conductor composed of a group of wires
or of any combination of groups of wires assembled into a stable
configuration.
Surface Resistivity : The resistance of a material between two
opposite sides of a unit of its surface.
Systems : An electrical energy source derived from its own distinct
transformers or bank of transformers or generators or other
sources.
Sag- (conductor) : The vertical distance between a suspended
conductor and an imaginary straight line connecting the points of
suspension. Sag may be measured at the mid point between the
suspensions, the lowest point of the conductor or at any specified
point.
Short Circuit : Loads which occur during fault conditions and are
characterized by very heavy current flow.
Solid Conductor : A solid conductor is a conductor consisting of
a single wire.
Spacer Cable : A distribution cable designed to be used in
conjunction with insulating spacers which maintain conductor
spacing in overhead line installations. This cable is considered
uninsulated and installed likewise but the covering on the conductors
does allow for conductor close proximity and reduce faults due to
the touching of tree limbs.
Square Mil : The area of a square one mil by one mil.
Supersaturated Solution : A liquid or solid solution in which the
amount of solute retained in solution is greater than the equilibrium
amount.
together usually three insulated and a bare neutral.

Quench : Rapid colling in water to retain compounds in a
supersaturated solid solution after the solution heat treatment (usually
considered part of the solution heat-treatment process).
R
Rated Voltage : That maximum voltage at which an electrical
components is permitted to operate for extended periods without
undue degradation or safety hazard.
Reactance Capactive : That part of the impedance of an alternating
current which is due to capacitance inductive. That part of the
impedance of an alternating current circuit which is due to
inductance.
Redraw : The consecutive drawing of wire through a series of dies
to reach a desired wire size.
Reel Drum Diameter : Diameter of the drum (or hub) of the reel.
Reel Flange Diameter (Reel Height) Diameter of the reel flanges.
Reel Traverse : Width of space between reel flanges.
Reel Width : Overall width of reel.
Rod : The solid round metallic form of aluminium or copper from
which to draw wire.
Rope Strand Conductor : A conductor composed of a centre
group of twisted strands surrounded by one or more layers of
similar groups of twisted strands.
Reel : A revolvable flanged device made of wood and/or metal
which is used for winding flexible metal wire or cable.
Resilient : The property of a substance to return to its original
configuration after release of an applied force.
Resistance : The property of an electric circuit which determines
for a given current the rate at which electric energy is converted
into heat and has a value such that the current squared multiplied by
the resistance gives the power converted.
Resistive Conductor : A conductor used for its high electric
resistance characteristics.
Rod : The solid round metallic form of copper and aluminium which is
the most effective shape from which to draw wire.
Rope lay Cable : A concentric stranded cable designed for flexibility
with its individual members made up of strands which are either
concentric stranded or bunched.
RPM : Revolutions per minute.
Rupture : That point at which a material exceeds its elastic limit and
physically Comes apart as opposed to yield strength elongation etc.
T
Temper : The cold-work and heat-treat condition of aluminum alloy
(usually identified by a suffix following the four-digit alloy
designation).
Temperature Coefficient of Resistance : The fractional change
of resistance of a material per degree of temperature change.
Temperature Rating : The maximum temperature at which an
insulating material may be used in continuous operation without
loss of its desired properties (i.e.operating. overload short circuit).
Tensile Strength : The greatest longitudinal force required to
rupture a material.
Tensile Stress : Tensile force divided by the cross sectional area
to which it is applied.
Terminal : A terminal is any fitting on an item of electrical equipment
intended for making a convenient electrical connection to conductors.
Thermal Aging : Loss of mechanical properties due to exposure
to an elevated condition or a programmed series for prescribed
periods of time.
Thermal Cutout : A device affording protection from excessive
current but not necessarily short-circuit protection and containing a
heating element in addition to and effecting a fusible member which
opens the circuit.
Thermal Endurance : The time at a selected temperature for an
insulating material or system of material to deteriorate to some
predetermined level of electrical mechanical or chemical performance
under prescribed conditions of test.
Thermal Expansion (Coefficient of) : The fractional linear change
in dimensions of material for a unit change in temperature.
Tolerance : A specified allowance for deviation from a standard
nominal or given dimension weight or property.
Transformer : A piece of equipment capable of changing voltage
in an alternating current system.
Transmission Line : A high voltage arrangement of bare conductor
together with the mechanical and electrical support systems which
interconnect the main generating stations with the subtransmission
or primary distribution transformers of an electrical system.
Transmission Loss : A term used to denote a decrease or loss in
power during the transmission of energy from one point to another.
Tree Wire : A conductor with an abrasion resistant outer covering
S
Scalping : Removing defective areas from an ingot before hotworking.
Sealed (Filled)Strand : A conductor to which a material has been
added to the interstitial spaces of a stranded conductor to prevent
the longitudinal penetration of water.
Seam : A defect referring to an unbonded fold or lap on the surface
of the rod, which appears as a crack; usually the result of defects
in casting or rolling that have not bonded shut.
Sector Cable : A multiple conductor cable in which the cross section
of each conductor is approximately the sector of a circle.
Segmental Conductor : A stranded conductor consisting of two
or more stranded conducting elements each element having
approximately the shape of the sector of a circle assembled to give
a substantially circular cross-section.
Segregation : A localized concentration of alloying elements or
harmful impurities in the cast bar and resultant rod or wire.
Inverse Segregation : The condition when the high concentration
of impurities is on the surface of the cast bar.
Solid Conductor : A conductor consisting of a single wire rod or
bar.
Solution Heat Treatment : Heating to a temperature and for a time
sufficient to take all, or the majority of, dispersed soluble elements
into solution. A prerequisite to artificial aging.
Specific Gravity : The density (mass per unit volume) of any material
divided by that of water at a standard temperature.
69
usually nonmetallic and intended for use on overhead lines passing

through trees.
Two Phase Current : Current delivered through two pairs of wires
for a three wire system with a phase difference between the
currents in the two pairs.
T : Thermoplastic
TA : Thermoplastic and asbestos insulated switch board wire 90
degree C.
Take-Up : The process of accumulating wire or cable onto a reel,
bobbin, or some other type of package. Also refers to the device
utilized for pulling wire or cable through a piece of equipment or
machine.
Test Reports : The permanent records made by a wire manufacturer
of the test performed on a batch of wire to a specification.
Thermal Aging : Exposure to a given thermal condition or a
programmed Series of conditions for pre-described periods of time.
Thermal Expansion : The expansion of a material when subjected
to heat.
Thermal Rating : Then maximum and/or minimum temperature at
which a material will perform its function without undue degradation.
Thermal Resistance of a Cable : The resistance offered by the
insulation to the flow of heat from the conductor(s) to the sheath.
Thermal Shock : The resulting characteristics when a material is
subjected to rapid and wide range changes in temperature in an
effort to discover its ability to withstand heat and cold.
True Concentric : A true concentric stranding or twisting cable is
when each Successive layer has a reversed direction of lay from
the preceding layer
U
Ultraviolet Degradation : The loss of mechanical properties caused
by long time exposure of a material to ultraviolet rays such as are
present in natural sunlight.
Unilay Conductor : Conductor constructed with a central core
surrounded by more than one layer of helically laid wires all layers
having common length and direction of lay.
UL : Underwriters Laboratory standards and test that wire must
meet in order to receive UL approval.
Ultraviolet Degradation : The degradation caused by long time
exposure of material to sunlight or other ultraviolet rays containing
radiation.
Undirectional Conductor: Conductor constructed with a central
core surrounded by more than one layer of heilically laid with all
layers having a common direction of lay with increase in length of
lay for each successive layer.
V
Volt : A unit of electromotive force and potential difference.
Voltage : The term most often used in place of electromotive force
potential potential difference or voltage drop to designate electric
pressure that exists between two points and is capable of producing
a flow of current when a closed circuit is connected between the
two points.
Voltage Drop : A voltage loss occuring between any two points in
a power circuit due to impedance.
Voltage, Extra-Low : Any voltage up to and including 30V.
Voltage Low : Any voltage from 31 upto aand including 750 V.
Voltage High : Any voltage over 750V.
Voltage Rating : The highest RMS voltage between two conductors
of a circuit that is permitted to be continuously applied to a cable.
Volume Resistivity : The electrical resistance between opposite
faces of uniform Unit cube of insulation material commonly expressed
in ohms-centimeter.
W
Watt: Unit of power or work done at rate of one joule per second or
rate of work Represented by current of one ampere under a pressure
of one volt (volt ampere).
Wave length : The distance measured in the direction of propagation
of a repetitive electrical pulse or wave form between two
successive points that are characterized by the same phase or
waveform.
Weather Resistance : The ability of a conductor to withstand
environmental Conditions.
Wicking : The longitudinal transmission of a liquid in a wire or cable
component due to capillary action.
Wire Guage : See American Wire Gauge.
Work Hardening (also called strain hardening or cold working) :
The increase in hardness that accompanies room temperature plastic
deformation in a metal, such as drawing, caused by the multiplication
and pinning of dislocations in the metal lattice.
Wrapping : The method of insulating wire by serving insulating
tapes around a conductor.
Wrought Product : Product that has been mechanically worked by
such processes as rolling, extruding, forging, etc.
Y
Yield Strength : The minimum stress at which a material will start to
permanently deform under mechanical load.
70
NOTES
72
NOTES
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ABOUT OURSELVES

Patel Wire Industries, a subsidiary of Patel Engineering

PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES

This catalogue is brought in the interest to technicians and

We take this opportunity to express our indebtness to those

PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES

INTRODUCTION TO BARE OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS

SOUTH AFRICAN STANDARD

COMPACTED CONDUCTORS (AAC)

COMPACTED CONDUCTORS (ACSR)

MODULI OF ELASTICITY AND COEFFICIENTS OF

NON-RETURNABLE WOODEN DRUMS

DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR TRANSMISSION LINES

PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES

INTRODUCTION TO BARE OVERHEAD CONDUCTORS

As the resistance of the conductor increases, cost of

As the size of the conductor increases, the cost of the

The radial electric field about the conductor increases

An increase in conductor diameter yields increased

Stringing any conductor to a higher tension will yield

Many sizes and types of both standard and special

A systematic approach should be taken in the selection of

The choice of conductor type and size has a major impact

PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES

instances, improved qualities over both ACSR and AAC

The utility industry has utilized ACSR as a common choice

The steel content of ACSR typically ranges from 11% to

2. The high tensile strength of ACSR allows it to be installed

ALL ALUMINIUM ALLOY

PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES

PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES

PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES

Average for a lot

TOLERANCE ON NOMINAL DIAMETERS OF WIRES

PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES

Inch pound wire

Minimum tensile strength

Average for a lot

Tolerance on specified diameters of wires

PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES

Inch pound wire

Minimum tensile strength

Tolerance on specified diameters of wires

PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES

PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES

CM (AMG) No./mm No./mm

PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES

PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES

Tolerance on nominal diameters of wires

Minimum weight of coating

MANDREL SIZE FOR ADHERENCE TEST

PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES

PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES

ALL ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR - (AAC)

PATEL WIRE INDUSTRIES

AUSTRALIAN STANDARD (EXTRA STRONG CONSTRUCTIONS)

ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR STEEL REINFORCED - (ACSR)

ALUMINIUM CONDUCTOR STEEL REINFORCED - (ACSR)