Jagdish Saran Hindu P.G.

College
Amroha
Topic Moto

FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT
Department of Business
Administration
M.J.P. Rohilkhand University,
Submitted to
Submitted to
Bareilly
Anshika Chabbra
BBA Faculty
BBA-2nd Sem.

Roll No.
7178050003

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is my pleasure to acknowledge the assistance of a number of people without
whose help this project report could not be completed.
I express my profound sense of gratitude to my project guide BBA Faculty for
giving encouragement in taking up the project.
I am also thankful to all my faculties for motivating and librarian for making
available to me the important book in the library and the necessary guidance for
this project.
At last but not the least, I express my thanks to my parents, who provided me
support throughout this project. They have been a perennial source of
inspiration for me.
I am too small so thank GOD for anything & everything.

Anshika Chabbra
BBA-2nd Semester
Roll No. : 7178050003

STUDENT DECLARATION
I Anshika Chabbra hereby declare that this Project Report entitled Moto,
submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement of Bachelor of Business
Administration (BBA) from Jagdish Saran Hindu PG College, Amroha. It is
based on primary & secondary data found by me in various departments, books,
magazines and websites & Collected by me under the guidance of my Project
guide BBA Faculty.

Anshika Chabbra
BBA-2nd Semester
Roll No. 7178050003

Contents

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Title

Page No.

Acknowledgement
Student declaration
Company profile
Findings of study
Conclusion
Suggestion
Bibliography

2
3
5-25
26
27
28
29

Company Profile

Type
Industry
Founded
Headquarters
Area served
Key people

Products

Number of
employees
Subsidiaries
Slogan
Website

Public
Automotive
July 1, 1955
Iwata, Shizuoka, Japan
Global
Hiroyuki Yanagi (President & Representative Director)
Motorcycles, commuter vehicles & scooters, recreational vehicles, boats,
marine engines, snowmobiles, small tractors, personal watercraft,
electrically power assisted bicycles, automobile engines, unmanned
aerial vehicles, golf carts, power products, pools, compact industrial
robots, wheelchairs, parts including apparel, helmets
53,958 (as of December 31, 2012)
Minarelli
MBK
Revs Your Heart
Yamaha Motor Global

Company Information
5

Yamaha Motor Company Limited is a Japanese manufacturer of motorcycles,

marine products such as boats and outboard motors, and other motorized
products. The company was established in 1955 upon separation from Yamaha
Corporation, and is headquartered in Iwata, Shizuoka, Japan. The company
conducts development, production and marketing operations through 109
consolidated subsidiaries as of 2012.
Led by Genichi Kawakami, the companys first president, Yamaha Motor began
production of its first product, the YA-1, in 1955. The 125cc motorcycle won
the 3rd Mount Fuji Ascent Race in its class.
The company's products includes motorcycles, scooters, motorized bicycles,
boats, sail boats, personal water craft, swimming pools, utility boats, fishing
boats, outboard motors, 4-wheel ATVs, recreational off-road vehicles, go-kart
engines, golf carts, multi-purpose engines, electrical generators, water pumps,
snowmobiles, small snow throwers, automobile engines, surface mounters,
intelligent machinery, industrial-use unmanned helicopters, electrical power
units for wheelchairs and helmets. The company is also involved in the import
and sales of various types of products, development of tourist businesses and
management of leisure, recreational facilities and related services.

History
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Beginnings: 1955

The motorcycle division of Yamaha was founded in 1955, and was headed by
Genichi Kawakami. Yamaha's initial product was a 125cc two-cycle, single
cylinder motorcycle, the YA-1, which was a copy of the German DKW RT125.
The YA-1 was a competitive success at racing from the beginning, winning not
only the 125cc class in the Mt. Fuji Ascent, but also sweeping the podium with
first, second and third place in the All Japan Autobike Endurance Road Race
that same year.[1] Early success in racing set the tone for Yamaha, as competition
in many varieties of motorcycle racing has been a key endeavor of the company
throughout its history, often fueled by a strong rivalry with Honda and other
Japanese manufacturers.
Yamaha began competing internationally in 1956 when they entered the
Catalina Grand Prix, again with the YA-1, at which they placed sixth. The YA-1
was followed by the YA-2 of 1957, another 125cc two stroke, but with
significantly improved frame and suspension.[2] The YD-1 of 1957 was a 250cc
two-stroke twin cylinder motorcycle, resembling the YA-2, but with a larger and
more powerful motor. A performance version of this bike, the YDS-1 housed the
250cc two-stroke twin in a double downtube cradle frame and offered the first
five-speed transmission in a Japanese motorcycle. [3] This period also saw
Yamaha offer its first outboard marine engine.
The Four Stroke Era Begins: The 1970s

Not until 1976 would Yamaha answer the other Japanese brands with a multi-cylinder four
stroke of their own. The XS-750 (and later 850) a 750cc triple cylinder machine with shaft
final drive was introduced almost seven years after Honda's breakthrough bike. Yamaha's first
four-cylinder model, the XS-1100 followed in 1978, again with shaft drive. [4] Despite being
heavier and more touring oriented than its rivals it produced an impressive string of victories
in endurance racing.

The 1970s also saw some of the first dedicated off-road bikes for off-road racing and
recreation. Yamaha was an early innovator in dirt-bike technology, and introduced the first
single-shock rear suspension, the trademarked "Monoshock" of 1973.[5] It appeared in
production on the 1974 Yamaha YZ-250, a model which has continued in production, with
many updates, until 2015, making it Yamaha's longest continuous model and name.
Yamaha continued racing throughout the 1960s and 1970s with increasing success in several
formats. The decade of the 1970s was capped by the XT500 winning the first Paris-Dakar
Rally in 1979.
The 1990s: Performance Bikes and a Spin-off Brand

In 1998 Yamaha marketed a 1000cc four cylinder road bike called the YZF 'R1', this model
introduced a new style of gearbox design which shortened the overall length of the
motor/gearbox case, to allow a more compact unit. This, in turn allowed the motor to be
placed in the frame further forward, designed to improve handling in a short wheel-based
frame.[9]
In 1995, Yamaha announced the creation of Star Motorcycles, a new brand name for its
cruiser series of motorcycles in the American market. In other markets, Star motorcycles are
still sold under the Yamaha brand. This was an attempt to create a brand identity more closely
aligned with the cruiser market segment, one of the largest and most lucrative in the USA.
The 2000s: Expansion and Consolidation

In 2007, Yamaha established the Philippine operations and distributes Yamaha motorcycles
under the corporate name of Yamaha Motor Philippines, Inc., one of more than 20
worldwide subsidiaries operating on all continents.

Motorcycle racing highlights

8

In motorcycle racing Yamaha has won 39 world championships, including 6 in MotoGP and 9
in the preceding 500 cc two-stroke class, and 1 in World Superbike. Yamaha riders include
Giacomo Agostini, Bob Hannah, Heikki Mikkola, Kenny Roberts, Eddie Lawson, Wayne
Rainey, Jeremy McGrath, Stefan Merriman, Phil Read, Chad Reed, Ben Spies, and currently
Jorge Lorenzo and Valentino Rossi.
The Yamaha YZ450F won the AMA Supercross Championship two years in a row, in 2008
with Chad Reed, and 2009 James Stewart. Yamaha was the first to build a production
monoshock motocross bike (1975 for 250 and 400, 1976 for 125) and one of the first to have
a water-cooled motocross production bike (1977 in works bikes, 1981 in off-the-shelf bikes).
Yamaha's first Motocross competition four-stroke bike, the YZ400F, won the 1998 USA
outdoor national Championship with factory rider Doug Henry.
Since 1962, Yamaha made production road racing Grand Prix motorcycles that any licensed
road racer could purchase. In 1970, non-factory privateer teams dominated the 250 cc World
Championship with Great Britain's Rodney Gould winning the title on a Yamaha TD2.
Yamaha also sponsors several professional ATV riders in several areas of racing, such as
cross country racing and motocross. Yamaha has had success in cross country with their
YFZ450, ridden by Bill Ballance, winning 9 straight titles since 2000. Yamaha's other major
rider, Traci Cecco, has ridden the YFZ450 to 7 titles, with the first in 2000. In ATV
motocross, Yamaha has had success with Dustin Nelson and Pat Brown, both who race the
YFZ450. Pat Brown's best season was a 3rd place title in 2007, while Nelson has had two 1st
place titles in the Yamaha/ITP Quadcross, one in 2006 and the other in 2008.
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Yamaha produced Formula One engines from 1989 to 1997, initially for the Zakspeed team,
in 1991 for the Brabham BT60Y, in 1992 for the Jordan 192, from 1993 to 1996 for Tyrrell,
and in 1997 for the Arrows A18. These never won a race, but drivers including Damon Hill,
Ukyo Katayama, Mark Blundell and Andrea de Cesaris scored some acceptable results with
them. However their engines were often unreliable and were usually not very powerful.

Formula One World Championship results

Teams with Yamaha as an engine supplier

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Divisions

Yamaha Motors is a highly diversified company which produces products for a

large number of industries and consumer market segments:
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Motorcycles Sport bikes, Star Cruiser bikes, trail bikes, road racers
and motocross racers

Commuter vehicles, including scooters

Recreational vehicles All-terrain vehicles and snowmobiles

Boats Powerboats, sailboats, utility boats and custom boats

Marine engines Outboard motors, electric marine motors, marine

diesel engines and stern drives[10]

Personal watercraft

Electric bicycles

Automobile engines

Industrial-use unmanned helicopters

Golf cars

Power products generators, multipurpose engines, water pumps

and snow throwers

Swimming pools, watersliders and pool-related equipment

Intelligent machinery, including compact industrial robots

Electric wheelchairs and wheelchair electric drive units

Yamaha parts and accessories, apparel, cycle helmets and motor oil

Industrial robots and surface mounters[11]

12

Automobile engines

Yamaha has built engines for other manufacturers' vehicles beginning with the
development and production of the Toyota 2000GT (1967) with the Toyota
Motor Corporation. Also, the cylinder head from the Toyota 4A-GE engine was
developed by Yamaha Motor Corporation and was built at Toyota's Shimayama
plant alongside the 4A and 2A engines.[12] All performance-oriented cylinder
heads on Toyota/Lexus engines were designed and/or built by Yamaha. Some
examples are the 1LR-GUE engine found on the 20102012 Lexus LFA, the
2UR-GSE found in Lexus ISF, the 3S-GTE engine found on the Toyota Celica
GT4 and the 2ZZ-GE engine found on the 19992006 Toyota Celica GT-S. In
1984, executives of the Yamaha Motor Corporation signed a contract with the
Ford Motor Company to develop, produce, and supply compact 60 3.0 Liter
DOHC V6 engines for transverse application for the 1989'95 Ford Taurus
SHO.[13][14] From 1993 to 1995, the SHO engine was produced in 3.0 and 3.2
Liter versions. Yamaha jointly designed the 3.4 Liter DOHC V-8 engine with
Ford for the 1996'99 SHO. Ford and Yamaha also developed the Zetec-SE
branded 4-cylinder engines used in several Ford cars like the small sports car
13

Ford Puma. Since 2005 Yamaha produces a 4.4 Liter V8 for Volvo. The B8444S
engines are used in the XC90 and S80 models. British sportscar maker Noble
also uses a bi-turbo version of the Volvo V8 in their M600.

Snowmobiles

In 2010, Yamaha was the only snowmobile manufacturer to use four-stroke

engines across its range. In Canada though, there are still three models that
Yamaha manufactures that are still two-stroke. They are the Bravo, VK 540 and
the Venture XL. Yamaha had introduced four-strokes to their line-up in 2003,
and the line-up became four-stroke based for model year 2005. The RX-1,
released in 2003, was the first performance-oriented four-stroke snowmobile on
the market. It was not, however, the first modern four-stroke snowmobile
produced. That honor belongs to Arctic Cat for their Yellowstone Special,
released in 2000, which was designed as a rental sled that could meet
Yellowstone National Park's stringent emission requirement. However, Yamaha
received much criticism for its weight disadvantage when compared to similar
two-strokes, despite its fuel economy and low-range torque. Yamaha is now
14

using four-stroke technology with the introducing of their 80FI engine, which is
equipped on the Phazer and Venture Lite models. This engine has one of the
highest specific output of any four-stroke in production, with 160 HP/L,
Yamaha achieves this even without the use of a forced induction system.
Yamaha is also a key player in the "four-stroke wars", which are a series of
advertisements from opponent Ski-Doo, who claim their E-tec and power-tec
equipped two-strokes are still cleaner and more efficient than four-strokes,
while Yamaha still claims the four-strokes are cleaner. Yamaha also broke a
multi-year absence from sno-cross in the winter of 2006/2007 with their
introduction of a factory race team headed by former Arctic Cat racer Robbie
Malinoski.
Yamaha was the first brand to win with a 4-stroke in a professional snowcross
race. This happened in 2006 at the WPSA snow cross championship.

15

Current models

16

YZF R3 - REV THE LIMITS

The all new Yamaha YZF-R3 mounts a newly developed 321cc, liquid-cooled, 4-stroke, inline 2-cylinder, fuel-injected engine. With all-new engine and chassis designs, the YZF-R3
sports a solid combination of class-leading power and a lightweight body that achieves high
levels of riding performance and styling worthy of the "superbike" moniker. At the same
time, it offers the nimbleness and easy-to-use character for daily use as well as riding
excitement in a variety of usage scenes. The YZF-R3 Sports Model boasts increased
displacement and a lighter yet higher-performance chassis, a winning combination that
immediately establishes the model as one of the most competitive entries in its class. The new
product offers agile handling from the lightweight body, mass centralization measures, etc. It
aims to achieve an excellent balance of both high performance and fuel efficiency and a
riding position that is good for sporty riding and results in less rider fatigue.

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Engine

A newly developed 321cc, liquid-cooled, 4-stroke, in-line 2-cylinder, DOHC, 4valve fuel-injected engine that achieves the model's concept is adopted. With a
bore x stroke spec of 68.0 mm x 44.1 mm and a compression ratio of 11.2:1,
this engine generates its maximum power output at 10,750r/min and maximum
torque at 9,000r/min. A prominent feature of this newly designed engine is that
it employs the latest combustion analysis technology to ensure a sufficient
volume of air-fuel mixture intake and actively inducing a swirl and tumble flow
as it enters the combustion chamber to promote rapid combustion.
To ensure this sufficient volume of air-fuel mixture intake, a 26.0 mm diameter
intake valve and a 22.5 mm exhaust valve are adopted, and are set at a tight
24.75 angle to help create a compact combustion chamber. Fresh air from the
down-draft intake type throttle body is mixed with the injection of finely
atomized fuel particles (a few tens of microns in size) and effectively directed
into the combustion chamber to increase the combustion speed and minimize
the occurrence of unburned fuel at the end of the combustion process, resulting
in excellent power output and torque characteristics. This makes for good
ridability in the low- to mid-speed range, good revving feeling up through the
mid- to high-speed ranges and ensures a good balance with fuel economy and
other factors
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Forged pistons & DiASil cylinders

Forged aluminum pistons that help reduce engine vibration

Forged pistons known for their lighter weight and excellent strength at high
temperatures are adopted. These pistons have a reciprocating mass that is
approximately 10% less than cast pistons, which help reduce vibration in the
machines body.
Yamaha perfected a controlled forging technology that enabled mass production
of high-precision pistons and made it possible to adopt them on engines for
production sport models. The main advantages are the reduced weight compared
to a cast piston, and the excellent balance of strength and rigidity at high
temperatures. The strength of aluminum is temperature-dependent. Most
aluminum alloys have high strength levels at normal temperatures, but their
strength can diminish at temperatures over 300 C. When the strength of cast
pistons and forged pistons are compared, there is little difference in strength in
cool conditions, but the forged piston retains roughly twice the strength of a cast
piston when heated to over 300 C. The top of a piston in a 4-stroke engine
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reaches temperatures of 300 to 350 C (figures based on Yamaha testing). This

is why Yamaha chooses to use forged pistons in its high-performance sport
models to ensure greater reliability.
DiASil Cylinder contributing to reduced weight
Yamaha's all-aluminum "DiASil Cylinder" is adopted to ensure excellent heat
dissipation. In addition to its good heat dissipation properties, this cylinder also
slows oil deterioration (consumption), maintains a more perfectly cylindrical
shape that reduces horsepower loss (enabled by the use of low-tension piston
rings) and other benefits. [Reference] The DiASil Cylinder is an all-aluminum
cylinder made possible by exclusive Yamaha casting technology. This
technology enables the casting of a cylinder from an aluminum alloy with 20%
silicon content, which previously was considered too difficult with conventional
casting technology. The resulting DiASil Cylinder has the advantages of a
cylinder wall with a highly friction-resistant microstructure, excellent heat
dissipation qualities, reduced weight and more. It is a proven technology used on
many Yamaha scooter and commuter models today. This is the first time it is adopted on a 2cylinder engine.

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Offset Cylinder

As one of the measures to increase the compactness of the engine, shorter

connecting rods are adopted. At the same time, an offset cylinder design is used
to reduce horsepower loss and achieve an excellent level of power output. An
offset cylinder is one in which the center of the cylinder is offset by a few
millimeters from the center of the crankshaft to eliminate the force of the
piston's motion towards the cylinder wall at the moment of maximum internal
cylinder pressure during combustion (see diagram at the right). This reduces
friction loss and brings out the power produced by combustion more efficiently

21

Diamond frame chassis

A steel diamond type frame has been newly designed for this model. Using the
latest structural analysis technology, it has been made lighter while maintaining
excellent rigidity balance. The main pipes are made of 35 mm-diameter steel
pipe, used in a simple design with little crimping, bending or welding. The
engine is mounted to this frame with three rigid mounts and one rubber mount.
By using rigid mounts, the crankcase becomes a stressed structural member of
the chassis and contributes to weight reduction. The seat area is positioned low
and is slim in design to contribute to easier leg reach to the ground.

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Multi-functional instrument panel

A multi-function instrument panel is adopted. On the left is an analog (needle)

tachometer and on the right is a digital speedometer. In the center is the same
type of shift timing indicator lamp as on the YZF-R1 and YZR-M1. Other
display functions include (1) a gear position indicator, (2) a fuel gauge, (3) a
water temperature gauge, (4) real-time fuel economy and average fuel economy
indicators, (5) a clock, (6) two tripmeters, (7) an oil change indicator and more.

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Monocross suspension

The rear suspension is a Monocross type that enables greater wheel travel than
the actual length of the shock absorber's stroke. It is lightweight and can
contribute to better mass concentration, plus it allows more design freedom for
the layout of the exhaust system. It is manufactured by KYB.
The shock absorber is mounted with the optimum lever ratio. Over its 125 mm
span of wheel travel, it provides a good balance of cushioning performance
during initial stroke and damping performance when all the way at the limit of
the compression stroke. The plentiful amount of rear wheel travel combines
with the effects of the optimized layout of the drive axis, rear axle and the pivot
axis to give the rider a clear and enjoyable feeling of the shifting of machine
weight during acceleration and deceleration that is one of the delights of
motorcycle riding.

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Front and rear disc brakes

Disc brakes are adopted to ensure excellent stopping power and good
operational touch. The front brake has a floating-mount 298 mm disc and is
coupled with a 2-pot caliper. The rear brake has a floating-mount 220 mm disc
and a 1-pot caliper. [Reference] A floating-mount disc brake is one in which the
mounting assembly that attaches the disc to the wheel and the friction surface of
the brake pads are independent. This structure provides good resistance to heat
distortion and absorbs the fluctuations of the disc itself to provide a good
operational touch. It also helps reduce brake squeal.

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Sporty short muffler

A 2-into-1 exhaust pipe and a short muffler are adopted. Positioning the muffler
compactly and closer to the center of the chassis in the lower area contributes to
mass centralization. Furthermore, its shape suggestive of the YZF-R6 creates a
sporty impression, while at the same time its triple expansion chamber design
effectively reduces noise and produces a pleasing exhaust note.
Built into the muffler is a 3-way catalytic converter. There is an O2 sensor
detects the remaining oxygen in the exhaust and sends the information to the
16-bit ECU, which provides optimal fuel injection volume accordingly and
results in the catalyzer functioning to effectively clean the exhaust.

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Split headlamps and air ducts

Two-eyed headlights. Reverse-slant design gives the headlights a distinctive,

sharp and new-generation expression.

27

Ten-spoke cast aluminium alloy wheels

Ten-spoke cast aluminum wheels with an optimal balance of strength and

rigidity are adopted. While contributing to the reduction of weight in the unsprung components, the wheel design also serves to optimize the gyro moment
of the front assembly and contribute to light, agile handling.

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Front suspension

The KYB-made front suspension uses a regular (upright) type fork

with 41 mm diameter inner tubes, the largest in this class. This is
mounted with an aluminum handlebar crown and aluminum underbracket in an assembly that provides 130 mm of stroke and a feeling
of rigidity that makes it easier for riders to follow the lines they want
through curves.

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FINDING
Suzuki customers says that they have to run after their
dealers for the documentation of the delivery done while
others say they are satisfied.
Yamaha is best when sales follow up after delivery is
concemed.
out of the six brands covered the respondents of Suzuki
are generally married while other brands have unmarried
customers.
The average age of a Yamaha customer comes out to be
26-30 years as compared to others brands average
customers age which is 21-25 years.
Then explanation of product features comes into view;
only Yamaha customers rank them average: others says
its good

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Conclusion
When Motorola launched the first Moto G, it struck a chord with
people who did not want to pay $600 or more for a smartphone
but needed a basic phone that just worked. Now in its third
generation, the Moto G has evolved, overcoming many of its
earlier shortcomings.The upgrade to Qualcomms Snapdragon
410 SoC brings a 4G LTE modem and a significant boost to
system performance. The user interface is more responsive,
web pages load quicker and scroll more smoothly, and overall
lag is reduced. More memory bandwidth and faster internal
storage also help apps launch quicker and help the Moto G feel
more mid-range than entry-level. This is especially true if you
spend the extra $40 to get the model with 2GB of RAM and
16GB of internal storage.The Moto G runs 32-bit Android
Lollipop as it comes from Google, providing a clean and
uncluttered experience thats free of the typical OEM and
carrier bloatware. Motorola does replace the stock Android
Camera app with its own simplified version and adds its Moto
app for controlling the few features it adds such as gesturebased controls for quickly opening the camera or turning on the
flashlight and Moto Display, a different spin on Androids
Ambient Display feature. The only downside is that stock
Android is missing a few capabilities most OEM skins add,
including customization options. Youll need to be comfortable

31

installing third-party solutions if you want more control over

how the operating system looks and works.

Suggestion
A small sample size of SO customers was considered due
to lack of time & resource constraints.
The scope of the project is limited to the city of Delhi and
N.CR. So, we cannot say that the same response will exist
throughout India.
With regards to uneducated customers it was difficult to
get across to them all the features of their respective
mobile phones.

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BIBLOGRAPHY
WEBSITES:

http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motoro1a
http://www.gppgle,cp.in/seprch?hIen&a=motorola&meta
http://www.motorplp.cpm/content.jsp?
globalObjectid=8592-11929

COMPANY CATALOUGE & BROCHURES:

http://soIutionscataIog.motoroIacom/

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