Capacity

CHAPTE R
13
Measure Capacity,
Weight, and Mass
connectED.mcgraw-hill.com
co
onn
The
BIG Idea
Investigate
How can I measure

the capacity,
weight, and mass
of objects?
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information about
measurement. Begin
with 5 sheets of
1
8 _ by 11 paper.
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Foldables
Practice
Self-Check Practice
eGames
Review Vocabulary
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unit for measuring capacit
gallon galn a customary
for liquids
1 gallon = 4 quarts
=
Worksheets
Assessment
Key Vocabulary
English
capacity
weight
mass
elapsed time
624
Espaol
capacidad
peso
masa
tiempo transcurrido
When Will I Use This?

Ethan in Ice Cream Conversion
Im so excited about
my birthday party! We
just need a few more
decorations...
OK, well come

back to cake...
I want
THIS flavor!
But thats only

available in pints...
Why dont we
move on to food.
How about ice

cream? Do you
want strawberry
or vanilla?
Well, I guess well need

a lot of pints then!
Your Tthuiisrn!
You will sollve
err.
teer
problem in the chap
Measure Capacity, Weight, and Mass
625
Are You Ready
for the Chapter?
Text Option
You have two options for checking

Prerequisite Skills for this chapter.
Take the Quick Check below.
Multiply or divide.
1. 2 8
2. 4 16
3. 8 24
4. 9 36
5. 4 2
6. 12 4
7. 36 6
8. 64 8
9. Dan shared his markers equally with three

friends. How many markers did each
person get?
Compare. Use >, <, or =.

10. 12 21
11. 64 36
12. 128 182
13. The table shows the number of cans collected

by two fourth-grade classes at Franklin
Elementary School. Which class collected
more cans?
Cans Collected
Number of Cans
Collected
Class
Mr. Santos
236
Miss Davis
263
Write the time shown on each clock.

14.
10
11 12 1
9
8
15.
2
3
7 6 5
Online Option
626
10
11 12 1
9
8
16.
2
3
7 6 5
Take the Online Readiness Quiz.
10
11 12 1
9
8
7 6 5
2
3
Multi-Part
Lesson
Capacity
A
PART
Estimate and
Measure Capacity
Main Idea
I will explore
estimating and
measuring capacity.
Capacity is the amount of liquid a container can hold.
Materials
cup, pint, quart, and
gallon measuring tools
water
1 cup (c)
Get ConnectED
GLE 0406.4.2
Understand and use
measures of length, area,
capacity, and weight.
1 pint (pt)
1 quart (qt)
1 gallon (gal)
Measure Capacity
Step 1
Measure.
Fill the cup with water and pour its contents into
the pint. Repeat until the pint is full. It takes 2 cups
to fill the pint. So, there are 2 cups in a pint.
Step 2
Copy and complete the table.

Estimate. Then use water to find the exact measures.
Container
Estimate
Actual
Pint
cups
cups
Quart
pints
pints
Gallon
quarts
quarts
About It
1. How many cups are in 1 pint?
2. How many quarts are in 1 gallon?
and Apply It
3. cups = 3 pints
5.
4. pints = 4 gallons
WRITE MATH Is it faster to water two large flowerpots using a

1-cup pitcher or a 1-quart pitcher? Explain.
Lesson 1A Capacity 627
Multi-Part
Lesson
Capacity
PART
Main Idea
I will estimate and
measure customary
capacities.
Vocabulary
V
capacity
Customary Units
of Capacity
The amount of liquid a container can hold is its capacity .
Different containers measure different capacities. A cup
contains 8 fluid ounces (fl oz).
Get ConnectED
GLE 0406.4.2
Understand and use
SPI 0406.4.7 Determine
appropriate size of unit of
measurement in problem
situations involving length,
capacity, or weight. Also
addresses GLE 0406.4.3.
1 fl oz
1 cup
1 pint
1 quart
1 gallon
Estimate Capacity
AQUARIUMS Jorge is
filling an aquarium.
Which container should
Jorge use to fill his
aquarium most quickly?
1 cup
1 quart
1 gallon
To fill the aquarium most quickly, Jorge should use the

container that will hold the most liquid. The gallon is the
largest unit. It will fill the aquarium most quickly.
628
Estimate Capacity
E
FOOD Nita is pouring salsa into a
small bowl. Is the most reasonable
estimate for the capacity of the bowl
8 fluid ounces, 8 cups, 8 quarts, or
8 gallons?
The salsa is a small amount. So, 8 gallons,
8 quarts, and 8 cups are too much. The most reasonable
estimate for the capacity of the bowl is 8 fluid ounces.
Is the most reasonable
estimate for the capacity of
the bathtub 20 fluid ounces,
20 cups, 20 quarts, or
20 gallons?
The bathtub can hold a large amount off water. So, 20 fluid
fl id
ounces, 20 cups, and 20 quarts are too small. The most
reasonable estimate for the capacity of the bathtub is
20 gallons.
Choose the most reasonable estimate for each capacity. See Examples 13
1.
4.
2.
3.
A. 1 fluid ounce
F. 4 fluid ounces
A. 1 fluid ounce
B. 1 pint
G. 4 cups
B. 1 cup
C. 1 quart
H. 40 cups
C. 1 pint
D. 100 quarts
I. 4 gallons
D. 1 gallon
TALK MATH Is it possible for both of the
containers shown to have a capacity of 1 pint?

Explain why or why not.
Lesson 1B Capacity 629
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Begins on page EP2.
Choose the most reasonable estimate for each capacity.

capacity SSee Examples
E
l 1133
5.
6.
F.
G.
H.
I.
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
fluid ounces
pints
quarts
gallons
8.
7.
A.
B.
C.
D.
2
2
2
2
fluid ounces
cups
pints
gallons
9.
A.
B.
C.
D.
8
8
8
8
fluid ounces
cups
pints
gallons
F.
G.
H.
I.
1
1
1
1
fluid ounce
cup
quart
gallon
A.
B.
C.
D.
16
16
16
16
10.
F.
G.
H.
I.
1 quart
10 quarts
100 quarts
1,000 quarts
gallons
quarts
fluid ounces
cups
Estimate and then measure the capacity of each object.

11. water bottle
12. juice box
13. sink
Water Consumption
Water
Some household activities and the

amount of water they consume are listed in
the table.
14. If Callie takes one shower each day, is it

reasonable to say that she could use
210 gallons of water in one week? Explain.
15. Callie brushes her teeth three times each
day. Is it reasonable to say that she
uses 2 cups of water in one day? Explain.
Activity
Take shower
1530
Brush teeth
(water running)
12
Wash dishes
(by hand)
20
Wash dishes
(in dishwasher)
912
Flush toilet
57
16. Callie washes dishes three times each week.

Is it reasonable to say that she could save
30 gallons of water in a week by washing the
dishes in a dishwasher instead of by hand? Explain.
630
Water Used
(gallons)
17. OPEN ENDED Name two things in your classroom that would
hold more than 1 cup.
18. FIND THE ERROR Teresa estimates the capacity of a soup can.
Find and correct her
mistake.
er m
ista
is
take
k
The capacity
of a soup can
is about 1
fluid ounce.
19.
WRITE MATH A set of twins is sharing 1 pint of ice cream.

Their friend, Shannon, is eating 1 cup of ice cream. Who is eating
the most ice cream? Explain.
Test Practice
20. Which is the most reasonable
estimate for the capacity of the
dog bowl? (Lesson 1B)
A. 3 fluid ounces
C. 3 quarts
B. 3 cups
D. 3 gallons
22. Kayla is pouring milk into her cereal

bowl. Which is the most reasonable
estimate for the capacity of Kaylas
cereal bowl? (Lesson 1B)
21. Which of the following holds about

1 quart of water? (Lesson 1B)
F.
H.
G.
I.
23. Cedric fills a baby pool with water.

Which is the most reasonable
baby pool? (Lesson 1B)
A. 2 quarts
C. 2 cups
F. 55 cups
H. 55 quarts
B. 2 pints
D. 2 fluid ounces
G. 55 pints
I. 55 gallons
Lesson 1B Capacity 631
Multi-Part
Lesson
Capacity
PART
Main Idea
I will convert
customary units of
capacity.
Convert Customary
Units of Capacity
You can use multiplication and division to convert units.
Get ConnectED
GLE 0406.4.2
Understand and use
SPI 0406.4.8 Convert
measurements within a
single system that are
common in daily life (e.g.,
hours and minutes, inches
and feet, centimeters and
meters, quarts and gallons,
liters and milliliters). Also
To change from a larger unit to a smaller unit, multiply.

To change from a smaller unit to a larger unit, divide.
Customary Units of Capacity
1 cup = 8 fluid ounces (fl oz)

2 cups (c) = 1 pint (pt)
2 pints (pt) = 1 quart (qt)
4 quarts (qt) = 1 gallon (gal)
1 gallon (gal) = 128 fluid ounces (fl oz)
Convert Capacity
C
MEASUREMENT Marcus has a
2-gallon container of laundry
detergent. How many quarts of
laundry detergent does he have?
Complete 2 gallons = quarts.
Since quarts are smaller than gallons,
multiply.
24=
Multiply by 4 because there are
4 quarts in each gallon.
So, there are 8 quarts in 2 gallons.
632
Convert Capacity
Complete 8 pints = quarts.
When converting
measures, there will
be more smaller units
than larger units.
Since quarts are larger than pints, divide.

82=
Divide by 2 because there are
2 pints in each quart.
So, 8 pints = 4 quarts.
Complete. See Examples 1 and 2

1. 20 pt = qt
2. 3 c = fl oz
4. Gwenith has 3 gallons of milk. How

many quarts of milk does she have?
5.
3. 4 qt = pt
TALK MATH Explain how to
convert 6 pints to cups.
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Begins on page EP2.

6. 64 fl oz = c
9. 5 c = fl oz
7. 6 gal = qt
8. gal = 20 qt
10. pt = 30 c
11. c = 128 fl oz
13. 10 gal 1,280 fl oz
14. 1 qt 2 c

12. 4 qt 10 pt
15. Tomas is buying a 16-fluid ounce

container of liquid dish soap. How
many cups of dish soap is he buying?
16. Karen is buying 4 gallons of orange

juice. How many quarts of orange
juice is she buying?
17. Danielle is using 8 cups of water in a

recipe. How many quarts of water is
she using?
18. Marcus is making 2 gallons of fruit

punch. How many pints of fruit punch
is he making?
19. Stan has 4 pints of milk. How many

fluid ounces of milk does he have?
20. Lucia is making 32 cups of soup. How

many gallons of soup is Lucia making?
Lesson 1C Capacity 633
Use the information to solve the problem.
Ice Cream Conversion

Remember, Ethan
and I are buying
ice cream for his
birthday party.
The ice cream only
comes in pint-size
containers.
Three quarts
should be
enough for
everyone at
your party.
So, is this
enough?
21. How many pints of ice cream equal 3 quarts of ice cream?
22. OPEN ENDED Choose three items found in your classroom.

Estimate the capacity of each item in cups. Then convert the
capacity to another unit of capacity.
23. WHICH ONE DOESNT BELONG? Identify the measurement that
does not belong with the other three. Explain your reasoning.
4 pints
24.
2 quarts
8 cups
1 gallon
WRITE MATH Write a rule for converting capacities measured

in customary units.
Test Practice
25. The watering can contains 2 gallons
of water. How many quarts are in
the watering can? (Lesson 1C)
634
A. 2 quarts
C. 6 quarts
B. 4 quarts
D. 8 quarts
26. Which object has a capacity of

about 12 fluid ounces? (Lesson 1B)
F.
H.
G.
I.
Capacity Estimates
You will need: 10 index cards, pencils
Estimate and Measure Capacity

Get Ready!
b tht b
bathtub
pooll
Players: 2 players
Get Set!
Label each index card as shown.
Then label the back of each
index card with the correct unit
of measurement that would be
used to find each capacity.
pitcher
it h
glue
l bottle
b ttl
mug
large
large
g
mixing
i i bowl
b l
cereall bowl
b wl
nailil polish
li h
p
perfume
b ttl
bottle
sauce pan
Go!
Shuffle the cards. Lay the stack
of cards faceup on the table.
Player 1 shows the object
on the first card to Player 2.
Player 2 decides whether
the capacity of the object would
be measured in fluid ounces,
cups, pints, quarts, or gallons.
Player 2 keeps the card if
his or her answer is correct.
If Player 2 is incorrect,
Player 1 keeps the card.
Players take turns
showing each other cards
until all of the cards are
used. The player with
more cards wins.
Game Time Capacity Estimates 635
Multi-Part
Lesson
Capacity
PART
Problem-Solving Strategy:
Work Backward
Main Idea I will solve problems by working backward.

During field day, each student in Ms. Moores class filled their
cup two times from the class water jug. Each students cup holds
1 cup of water. There are 20 students in Ms. Moores class.
Ms. Moore drank 4 cups of water throughout the day. At the
end of the day, there were 4 cups of water left. How many
gallons of water did Ms. Moores class have originally?
Understand
What facts do you know?
Each student drank 2 cups of water.

There are 20 students in the class.
Ms. Moore drank 4 cups of water.
There were 4 cups left.
What do you need to find?
the number of gallons of water Ms. Moores class had originally
Plan
You can work backward to solve the problem.
Solve
Start with the end result. Then work backward.

There were 4 cups left and Ms. Moore drank 4 cups.
4 cups + 4 cups = 8 cups
Each student drank 2 cups of water and there were 20 students. Multiply
to find the number of cups the class drank.
2 cups 20 = 40 cups
8 cups + 40 cups = 48 cups
The class began the day with 48 cups of water. Divide to find the number
of gallons.
48 16 = 3
16 cups = 1 gallon
So, the class began the day with 3 gallons of water.
Check
There are 16 cups in one gallon, 16 3 = 48. 48 cups 40 cups

(students) = 8 cups 4 cups (Ms. Moore) = 4 cups. There were 4 cups
left at the end of the day. The answer is correct.
GLE 0406.1.2 Apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies to problem solving, including estimation,
and reasonableness of the solution. Also addresses GLE 0406.4.3.
636
Refer to the problem on the previous page.

1. Explain why 4 cups were added to
4 cups in the first step of solving the
problem.
2. Suppose there were 5 quarts left.
How many gallons of water would the
class have had originally?
3. Suppose there were 25 students in

the class and 10 cups were left at the
end of the day. How many gallons of
water would the class have had
originally?
4. Look back to Exercise 3. Check your
answer. How do you know it is
correct? Explain.
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Begins on page EP2.
Solve. Use the work backward strategy.

5. Rhonda filled her aquarium with
water. Then, she took out 3 gallons to
make room for the gravel and fish.
She added 2 quarts back in. Then, she
added 4 fish. Each fish was in a
separate bag with 1 pint of water. If
she has a 20-gallon aquarium, how
much water is in the aquarium now?
6. Trey made some pudding. He put 1
cup of pudding in each bowl for
himself and four friends. There is
enough pudding left to put 1 cup
of pudding in each bowl below.
How many quarts of pudding did
Trey make?
7. Jorge and his two brothers each water

the plants. Jorges watering can holds
half as much water as his older
brothers watering can. His younger
brothers watering can holds 8 cups.
Altogether, the watering cans hold
2 gallons. How many quarts does
Jorges watering can hold?
8. Each can shown holds 1 gallon of

paint. Two cups of paint are needed
to cover each birdhouse. How many
more gallons of paint are needed to
cover a total of 32 birdhouses?
9. Riana has three dogs. In the morning,

the dogs drank 1 cup of water. Then,
Riana poured 2 cups of water into
the bowl. In the afternoon, her dogs
drank 2 cups of water. There are
3 cups of water left. How much water
was in the bowl at the beginning of
the day?
10.
WRITE MATH A fish tank has

10 gallons of water left. Write a
real-world problem to find how much
water was in the tank originally. Solve
the problem.
Lesson 1D Capacity 637
Multi-Part
Lesson
Capacity
PART
Main Idea
I will estimate and
measure metric
capacities.
Metric Units
of Capacity
Materials
3 different containers
liter measuring tool
Get ConnectED
Mini-Activity
A liter is a metric unit
of capacity. This container
holds a liter.
Step 1
GLE 0406.4.2
Understand and use
capacity, or weight.
Copy the table.

Object
Estimate
Actual
Step 2
Estimate.
Select three containers. Choose one and estimate
whether it has a capacity that is greater than, less
than, or equal to 1 liter. Record the estimate.
Step 3
Measure.
Fill a liter measuring tool with water. Pour the
water into each of the containers. Tell whether
each container is greater than, less than, or equal
to 1 liter. Record the results.
In the metric system, the liter and milliliter are often used
as units of measurement for capacity.
liter (L)
A bottle about this

size can hold a liter.
638
milliliter (mL)
A milliliter is less than

half of an eyedropper.
Convert Capacity
MUGS Decide whether 300 milliliters
or 300 liters is the more reasonable
estimate for the capacity of the mug.
There are 1,000
milliliters in 1 liter.
Use logic to estimate the capacity.

300 mL
300 L
THINK 300 eye drops

are reasonable.
THINK 300 bottles are

too much.
So, 300 milliliters is the more reasonable estimate.

POOLS Decide whether 600 milliliters
or 600 liters is the more reasonable
swimming pool.
Use logic to estimate the capacity.
600 mL
600 L
THINK 600 eye drops

is too small.
THINK 600 bottles are

reasonable.
So, 600 liters is the more reasonable estimate.
Choose the more reasonable estimate for each capacity. See Examples 1 and 2
1.
2.
1 mL or 1 L
3.
220 mL or 220 L
135 mL or 135 L
4. Jonah said he drank 3 liters of water

after his soccer game. Is this a
reasonable statement? Explain.
5.
TALK MATH Describe the unit of
capacity you would use to measure

the capacity of a bottle of medicine.
Lesson 1E Capacity 639
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Begins on page EP2.
Choose the more reasonable estimate for each capacity.

See Examples 1 and 2
6.
7.
150 mL or 150 L
8.
120 mL or 120 L
9.
500 mL or 500 L
10.
700 mL or 700 L
11.
1 mL or 1 L
30 mL or 30 L
12. Jenna said that she took 4 milliliters of medicine for her cold. Is this
a reasonable statement? Explain.
13. Select three containers. Estimate and
then measure whether each container
has a capacity that is greater than,
less than, or equal to 1 liter.
Object
Estimate
14. OPEN ENDED Identify four objects in your house that can hold
more than 1 liter.
15. CHALLENGE Suppose you have a 4-liter bucket and a 7-liter
bucket. You need 3 liters of water for an aquarium. Explain how
to get 3 liters of water if neither bucket is marked.
16.
640
WRITE MATH How many milliliters are in 15 liters? Explain.

Actual
Mid-Chapter
Check
Choose the most reasonable estimate for
each capacity. (Lesson 1B)
1.
2.
A. 5 pints
F. 16 fluid ounces
B. 5 gallons
G. 16 cups
C. 5 fluid ounces
H. 16 pints
D. 5 cups
I. 16 gallons
12. Marta sold 3 cups of lemonade to

her neighbor and 5 cups to her family.
She sold a quart of lemonade to her
friends. Marta has 1 pint of lemonade
left. How many pints of lemonade did
Marta start with? (Lesson 1D)
13. MULTIPLE CHOICE Which of the

following is a reasonable estimate?
(Lesson 1E)
F. A glass of water can hold about

10 milliliters of water.
3. Wendy is washing her mothers car.

Is it reasonable to say that she will
need about 16 pints of water? Explain.
G. A swimming pool can hold about

15 liters of water.
4. Adamo is filling his cats water bowl. Is

it reasonable to say that he will need
about 8 fluid ounces of water? Explain.
H. A bottle of juice has a capacity of

100 milliliters.
I.
Complete. (Lesson 1C)

5. 6 c = fl oz
6. gal = 8 qt
7. pt = 30 c
8. 20 pt = qt
Compare. Use >, <, or = . (Lesson 1C)

9. 5 pt 3 qt
A bucket can hold about 5 liters

of water.
Choose the more reasonable estimate

for each capacity. (Lesson 1E)
14.
15.
10. 1 c 7 fl oz

comparisons is true? (Lesson 1C)
600 L or 600 mL
A. 4 qt > 10 pt
3 mL or 3 L
B. 6 pt < 11 c
C. 1 gal > 5 qt
D. 16 fl oz < 2 gal
16.
WRITE MATH Explain how metric

units of capacity are related. (Lesson 1E)
Mid-Chapter Check 641
Multi-Part
Lesson
PART
Weight and Mass

A
Main Idea
I will explore estimating
and measuring weight.
Estimate and
Measure Weight
In this activity, you will measure the weight of objects.
The weight of an object is how heavy it is.
Materials
Measure Weight
chalkboard eraser
Step 1
Copy the table.

Object
Estimate
Actual
Eraser
bucket balance
Glue bottle
Math book
Object of your choice
glue bottle
Get ConnectED
GLE 0406.4.3
Solve problems that
involve estimating and
measuring length, area,
capacity and weight.
642
Step 2
Estimate.
Estimate the weight of a
chalkboard eraser. Record
the estimate.
Step 3
Measure.
Place the eraser on one
side of a bucket balance. Set
et
ounce or pound weights on
n
the other side until the sides are balanced.
Record the actual weight. Repeat Steps 2 and 3
for the other objects.
About It
1. Order the four objects you weighed in the activity from greatest
to least weight.
2. Use the weights of the objects you found to estimate the weight
of two other objects in your classroom. Weigh the objects. Were
your estimations close?
3. Is the total weight of the four objects you measured greater than
2 pounds? Explain.
and Apply It
4. How many 1-ounce weights are needed to balance the scale
when a 1-pound weight is in the other pan?
5. How many ounces are in two pounds?
6. How many ounces are in four pounds?
7. 46 ounces 3 pounds
8. 5 pounds 78 ounces
13. Identify three objects in your classroom that weigh more than an
eraser and less than your math book. Estimate each objects
weight. Then weigh each object and record the exact weight in a
table like the one shown below.
Object
14.
Estimate
Actual
WRITE MATH Write a sentence that describes the relationship

that is usually found between an objects size and weight.
Lesson 2A Weight and Mass 643
Multi-Part
Lesson
Weight and Mass
PART
Main Idea
I will estimate and
measure customary
units of weight.
Vocabulary
V
weight
Customary Units
of Weight
The weight of an object is how heavy it is. The customary
units of weight are ounce (oz), pound (lb), and ton (T).
Get ConnectED
GLE 0406.4.2
Understand and use
capacity, or weight. Also
1 ounce (oz) 1 pound (lb)
1 ton (T)
Estimate Weight
FOOD Suzies father bought
some sugar for their favorite
recipe. Which is a more
reasonable unit to use for
the weight of a bag of
sugar, ounces or pounds?
A small packet of sugar would

be weighed in ounces.
644
A bag of sugar is much

larger and would be
weighed in pounds.
Estimate Weight
PLANTS Which is the most reasonable
estimate for the weight of a leaf:
1 ounce, 1 pound, 1 ton, or 10 tons?
Compare the weight of a leaf to the
weight of objects that you know.
A leaf weighs less than a pineapple
or 1 pound.
Objects that weigh less than 1 pound are weighed in
ounces. The only option that contains ounces is 1 ounce.
Choose the most reasonable estimate for the weight of each

object. See Examples 1 and 2
1. paper airplane
2. helicopter
A. 4 ounces
C. 4 pounds
F. 5 ounces
H. 5 tons
B. 40 ounces
D. 4 tons
G. 500 ounces
I. 500 tons
4. chair
3. rabbit
A. 4 ounces
C. 40 pounds
F. 5 ounces
H. 50 tons
B. 4 pounds
D. 4 tons
G. 50 pounds
I. 500 tons
5. Is it more reasonable to say that a

fourth grade student weighs 56 ounces,
56 pounds, or 5 tons? Explain.
6.
TALK MATH Does an object that
is small always weigh less than an

object that is large? Explain.
Lesson 2B Weight and Mass 645
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Begins on page EP2.
Ch
bl estimate
ti t ffor th
i ht off each
h object.
bj t
Choose th
the mostt reasonable
the weight
See Examples 1 and 2
7. acorn
8. bed
9. shell
A. 1 ounce
F. 20 ounces
A. 4 ounces
B. 11 ounces
G. 20 pounds
B. 4 pounds
C. 1 pound
H. 200 pounds
C. 400 pounds
D. 1 ton
I. 20 tons
D. 4 tons
10. camper
11. goldfish
12. desk
F. 3 ounces
A. 2 ounces
F. 18 ounces
G. 3 pounds
B. 2 pounds
G. 18 pounds
H. 300 pounds
C. 20 pounds
H. 180 pounds
I. 3 tons
D. 2 tons
I. 1 ton
13. Is it more reasonable to say that

a pair of shoes weighs 1 ounce,
1 pound, or 1 ton?
14. Is it more reasonable to say that a

pencil weighs 2 ounces, 2 pounds,
or 2 tons?
The thoroughbred horse is the state horse of Maryland.

15. Is it reasonable to say that two thoroughbred
horses weigh 1 ton? Explain.
16. What is a reasonable estimate for the weight of
four thoroughbred horses? Explain.
17. Is it reasonable to say that a herd of eight
thoroughbred horses weighs 2 tons? Explain.
646
18. NUMBER SENSE Estimate the weight of three objects in your

desk. Then weigh. Order the objects from greatest to least weight.
19.
WRITE MATH Tell which units of weight you would use to

measure the following: a book, a postcard, and a bus. Explain
your reasoning.
Test Practice
20. Which object has a capacity of about
4 liters? (Lesson 1E)
A.

estimate for the weight of a
bowling ball? (Lesson 2B)
B.
C.
F. 8 tons
H. 8 pounds
G. 80 pounds
I. 8 ounces
22. Which is the best estimate of the

capacity of a glass of iced tea?
D.
(Lesson 1E)
A. 250 L
C. 250 lb
B. 250 mL
D. 250 fl oz
23. Ben drank 1 cup of orange juice with breakfast and his sister
had 2 cups. Their parents drank 1 cup and 1 cup spilled on the
floor. There is 1 cup of orange juice left. How many pints of
orange juice were in the container before breakfast? (Lesson 1D)
Choose the most reasonable estimate for each capacity. (Lesson 1B)
24.
25.
A. 2 fl oz
C. 2 qt
F. 78 fl oz
H. 78 qt
B. 2 c
D. 2 gal
G. 78 c
I. 78 gal
Lesson 2B Weight and Mass 647
Multi-Part
Lesson
Weight and Mass
PART
Main Idea
I will convert customary
units of weight.
Get ConnectED
Convert Customary
Units of Weight
Recall that to convert from a larger unit to a smaller unit,
multiply. To convert from a smaller unit to a larger unit, divide.
GLE 0406.4.2
Understand and use
SPI 0406.4.8 Convert
measurements within a
single system that are
common in daily life (e.g.,
hours and minutes, inches
and feet, centimeters and
meters, quarts and gallons,
liters and milliliters).
Units of Weight
16 ounces (oz) = 1 pound (lb)

2,000 pounds (lb) = 1 ton (T)
Convert Customary
Weights
FOOD Leigh needs to buy 2 pounds
of hamburger. One package weighs
32 ounces. Does 32 ounces equal
2 pounds?
One Way:
Divide
Another Way:
Multiply
Convert 32 ounces to pounds. Convert 2 pounds to ounces.

Ounces are smaller than
Pounds are larger than ounces.
pounds. Divide.
Multiply.
32 16 =
2 16 =
Divide by 16 because there

are 16 ounces in a pound.
Multiply by 16 because there

are 16 ounces in a pound.
So, 32 ounces = 2 pounds.

So, 32 ounces equals 2 pounds.
648
So, 2 pounds = 32 ounces.
A ton is a very heavy unit of measurement. Recall that there

are 2,000 pounds in 1 ton.
Convert Customary
Weights
DINOSAURS Use the table to find how many pounds
a Stegosaurus weighed.
Dinosaur Weights
Dinosaur
Weight (tons)
Allosaurus
Megalosaurus
Stegosaurus
Supersaurus
60
Tyrannosaurus
To find the weight of a Stegosaurus in pounds,

multiply the number of tons byy 2,000.
,
3 2,000 =
3 2,000 = 6,000
THINK 3 2 = 6
3 20 = 60
3 200 = 600
So, 3 2,000 = 6,000.
So, a Stegosaurus weighed 6,000 pounds.

1. 4 lb = oz
2. 48 oz = lb
3. 4,000 lb = T
4. T = 6,000 lb
5. oz = 1 lb 4 oz
6. lb = 4 T and 100 lb
7. A hippopotamus eats 100 pounds of

food a day. How many days would it
take the hippo to eat 1 ton of
food?
9.
8. An ostrich egg weighs 64 ounces.

Is the weight of the ostrich egg
greater than 5 pounds? Explain.
TALK MATH Explain why you multiply to convert a larger unit
of measure to a smaller unit of measure.

Lesson 2C Weight and Mass 649
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Begins on page EP2.

10. 1 lb = oz
11. 160 oz = lb
12. T = 8,000 lb
13. 5 lb = oz
14. lb = 3 T and 600 lb
15. oz = 3 lb and 6 oz
16. Algebra Copy and complete the table below.

Pounds
Ounces
112
144
17. A baby blue whale weighs about

3,000 pounds and can gain about
200 pounds each day. About how
many days would it take a baby blue
whale to gain 1 ton of weight?
18. The weight capacity of a bridge is

3 tons. Three trucks need to cross the
bridge at the same time. If each truck
weighs 1,800 pounds, can they safely
cross at the same time? Explain.
Animals
Baby animals weigh different

amounts at birth.
19. What is the fewest number of baby walruses
whose weight would equal about 1 ton?
20. What is the greatest number of giant pandas
whose weight would equal about 3 pounds?
Animal
Birth Weight
Alligator
Giraffe
2 ounces
100150 pounds
Giant panda
Walrus
35 ounces
100160 pounds
21. An alligator nest usually contains about 30 eggs. What will the total
weight of the babies be in pounds after all 30 eggs hatch?
22. OPEN ENDED Give two examples of objects that can be measured
in tons and two examples of objects that cannot be measured in tons.
23. CHALLENGE Tiffany weighed 7 pounds 12 ounces when she was
born. Her weight doubled after four months. How much did
Tiffany weigh after four months?
24.
650
WRITE MATH Explain how to convert 2 tons 1,265 pounds to pounds.

Test Practice
measurement for a can of green
beans? (Lesson 2B)
A. 13 ounces
C. 13 pounds
B. 130 ounces
D. 13 tons
27. Which table represents the

relationship between pounds
and ounces? (Lesson 2C)
A.
B.
26. Russ paid $10 for dog food
that costs $1.25 per pound.
Which is the most reasonable
estimate for the amount of dog food
Russ bought? (Lesson 2B)
F. 8 ounces
H. 80 pounds
G. 8 pounds
I. 8 tons
C.
D.
Pounds
Ounces
16
32
48
64
Pounds
Ounces
16
24
32
Pounds
Ounces
16
24
32
40
Pounds
16
32
48
64
Ounces
Choose the more reasonable estimate for the weight of each object.
(Lesson 2B)
28.
29.
10 ounces or 10 pounds
50 ounces or 50 pounds
Choose the more reasonable estimate for each capacity. (Lesson 1E)
30.
31.
225 mL or 225 L
2 mL or 2 L
32. Wanda paints two walls of her bedroom. She uses 1 pint of
paint for each wall. Her mom uses 1 quart of the paint for the
bathroom. There are 2 quarts of paint left. How much paint did
Wanda have originally? (Lesson 1D)
Lesson 2C Weight and Mass 651
Ecosystems
Tide pools are rocky areas on the
edge of an ocean that are filled
with seawater. Many plants and
animals live there. Some animals
that can be found in tide pools are
starfish, mussels, and crabs. Kelp
and other sea plants are also
found in tide pools.
Life is tough for plants and
animals that live in tide pools.
652
Parts of the shore are covered and

then uncovered as tides go in and
out. The plants and animals that
live in tide pools must avoid being
washed away by waves, keep from
drying out in the sun, and avoid
predators. The tide pool ecosystem
is the hardest ecosystem to
re-create in an aquarium.
Capacity (gal)
Length (in.)
Width (in.)
20
24
12
25
30
12
30
36
18
40
48
12
A starfish
can grow back
an arm if it
loses one.
Use the information above to solve each problem.

1.
2.
3.
Elias has decided to buy a

20-gallon aquarium. He will use
a 1-quart container to fill the
aquarium. How many times will
Elias use the 1-quart container to
fill the 20-gallon aquarium?
Suppose Elias had decided to get
the 25-gallon aquarium. How
many times will he need to use
his 1-quart container to fill the
aquarium?
How many more times would Elias
have to use a quart container to fill
a 40-gallon aquarium than he
would for a 30-gallon aquarium?
4.
If Elias buys the 20-gallon aquarium,

what would the length and width
of the aquarium be in feet?
5.
If Elias buys the 40-gallon aquarium,

what would the length and width
of the aquarium be in feet?
6.
Elias is also buying the gravel to

place in the bottom of his 20-gallon
aquarium. He needs one pound of
gravel for every gallon of water.
How many ounces of gravel will he
need for the 20-gallon aquarium?
7.
If Elias buys the 25-gallon

aquarium, how many ounces of
gravel will he need?
Problem Solving in Science 653
Multi-Part
Lesson
Weight and Mass
PART
Main Idea
I will estimate and
measure mass and
learn the difference
between weight and
mass.
Vocabulary
V
Metric Units of Mass

Mini-Activity
You can use a bucket balance to find the mass of objects.
mass
Materials
bucket balance
four different objects

gram weights
Step 1
Copy the table.

Object
Estimate
Mass (grams)
Get ConnectED
SPI 0406.4.8
Convert measurements
within a single system that
are common in daily life
(e.g., hours and minutes,
inches and feet,
centimeters and meters,
quarts and gallons, liters
and milliliters). Also
addresses GLE 0406.1.1,
GLE 0406.4.2, SPI 0406.4.7.
Step 2
Estimate.
Select four objects that will fit on one side of the
bucket balance. Choose one and estimate its mass
in grams. Record the estimate.
Step 3
Measure.
Set the object on one side of the bucket balance.
On the other side, set gram weights until both
sides are balanced. Record the actual mass.
Repeat Steps 2 and 3 for the other objects.
1. Did the larger objects have a greater mass than the

smaller objects?
2. Explain how a larger object can have less mass than
a smaller object.
654
Mass is the amount of matter an object has. The mass of an

object is not affected by gravity. In contrast, an objects weight
differs depending on gravity.
Units of Mass
You would weigh less
on the Moon than you
,
do on Earth. However
your mass is the same
Gram (g)
Kilogram (kg)
The mass of a penny is about

1 gram.
The mass of six medium

apples is about 1 kilogram.
on Earth as it is on the
Moon.
1,000 grams (g) = 1 kilogram (kg)
You can use what you know about the gram and kilogram
to estimate mass.
Estimate Mass
TECHNOLOGY Which is the
e more
reasonable estimate for the
e
mass of the laptop, 2 gramss
or 2 kilograms?
If the laptop has a mass of
2 grams, it would have the
same mass as 2 pennies.
This is not a reasonable estimate.
mate.
So, a reasonable estimate is 2 kkilograms.
ililog
ogra
rams
ms
Choose the more reasonable estimate for the mass of each

object. See Example 1
1. ball cap
2. polar bear
25 g or 25 kg
3. Is it more reasonable to say that
Cheryl lifts dumbbells that have a
mass of 30 grams or 30 kilograms?
Explain.
450 g or 450 kg
4.
TALK MATH Explain the difference
between weight and mass.
Lesson 2D Weight and Mass 655
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Begins on page EP2.
Choose the more reasonable estimate for the mass of each

object. See Example 1
5. stamps
p
8 g or 8 kg
8. ball
20 g or 20 kg
6. box of crayons
7. cooler
100 g or 100 kg
25 g or 25 kg
9. tool box
10. trampoline
p
30 g or 30 kg
11. The table lists items that can be found

in a classroom. Estimate and then
measure the mass of each object.
12. Tyler bought a large bag of peanuts at

a baseball game. Is it more reasonable
to say that the mass of the peanuts is
1 gram or 1 kilogram?
50 g or 50 kg
Mass of Classroom Objects
Object
Estimate
Actual
Glue bottle
Paper clip
Pencil
Stapler
13. Alicia is buying 6 oranges that cost

$1 per kilogram. Is it reasonable to
say that the cost of the oranges will
be greater than $6? Explain.
14. OPEN ENDED Name five classroom objects that have a mass
greater than 1 kilogram.
15. CHALLENGE Which weighs more, an astronaut on Earth or the
same astronaut on the Moon? Explain.
16.
656
WRITE MATH Write about a real-world situation in which you

would have to decide which metric unit to use to measure an
objects mass.
Metric Units
Like U.S. Customary units, you can convert metric units. To convert from
a larger metric unit to a smaller metric unit, multiply. To convert from a
smaller metric unit to a larger metric unit, divide.
Metric Units of Measurement
1 meter (m) = 100 centimeters (cm)

1 centimeter (cm) = 10 millimeters (mm)
1 kilogram (kg) = 1,000 grams (g)
1 liter (L) = 1,000 milliliters (mL)
A lion can grow to a length of about 3 meters.

How many centimeters long can a lion grow?
Since meters are larger than centimeters, multiply.
3 100 = 300
100 centimeters in each meter.
So, 3 meters = 300 centimeters.

Complete. 5,000 milliliters = liters
Since milliliters are smaller than liters, divide.
5,000 1,000 = 5
Divide by 1,000 because there are

1,000 millimeters in each liter.
So, 5,000 milliliters = 5 liters.

Complete.
17. 6 liters = milliliters
18. 1,000 centimeters = meters
19. meters = 500 centimeters
20. 3,000 grams = kilograms
21. 2 kilograms = grams
22. centimeters = 50 millimeters
23. liters = 9,000 milliliters
24. meters = 4,000 millimeters
25. A liter of water has a mass of about 1,000 grams. How many liters
of water have a mass of about 7,000 grams?
To assess mastery of SPI 0406.4.7, see your Tennessee Assessment Book.
657
Multi-Part
Lesson
Elapsed Time
PART
Main Idea
I will solve problems
about elapsed time.
Elapsed Time
Vocabulary
V
Mini-Activity
elapsed time
Materials
You can use a stopwatch to find

elapsed time.
stopwatch
Step 1
Get ConnectED
GLE 0406.1.7
Recognize the historical
development of
mathematics, mathematics
in context, and the
connections between
mathematics and the real
world. Also addresses
GLE 0406.1.6.
Copy the table.

Activity
Start Time
End Time
Elapsed Time
Write alphabet

Name 10 states
Jump 20 times
Step 2
Measure.
Write the alphabet while your partner uses a
stopwatch to time you. Record the start and end
times. Complete the next two activities while your
partner times you. Do not reset the stopwatch
between the activities. Record the start and
end times.
Step 3

To find the elapsed times, subtract the start times
from the end times. Find the elapsed time between
each event. Record the results.
1. Which event took the longest time?

the shortest time?
2. Select one of the elapsed times. List two
more activities that might take that long.
The last column of your table gives examples of elapsed time.

Elapsed time is the amount of time between the beginning
and the ending of an activity.
658
Elapsed Time
E
HOMEWORK Denny starts his homework at 3:45 P.M. and
finishes it at 5:20 P.M. How long did he do homework?
Start at 3:45 P.M. Count the hours and then count the
minutes.
10
11 12 1
2
3
9
60 minutes = 1 hour
(h)
(min)
10
11 12 1
9
8
7 6 5
starts homework
10
2
3
11 12 1
9
8
7 6 5
2
3
7 6 5
3:45 P.M. to 4:45 P.M. 4:45 P.M. to 5:20 P.M.

is 1 hour.
is 35 minutes.
So, Denny did homework for 1 hour and 35 minutes.

BIKES Meg and her father go on a bike ride. They leave
at 6:15 P.M. and return in 40 minutes. When do they get
home from their bike ride?
Start at 6:15 P.M. Count the minutes.
10
11 12 1
9
8
10
2
3
11 12 1
9
8
7 6 5
starts bike ride
2
3
7 6 5
Count ahead
40 minutes to 6:55.
So, they return from the bike ride at 6:55 P.M.
Find each elapsed time. See Examples 1 and 2

1. Rhonda starts an art
project at the time
shown. She finishes
at 5:30 P.M.
10
11 12 1
9
8
7 6 5
3. Collin goes to soccer practice at

4:10 P.M. It lasts 55 minutes. When
is soccer practice over?
2
3
2. The dance recital

begins at 3:45
P.M. and ends at
the time shown.
4.
10
11 12 1
9
8
2
3
7 6 5
TALK MATH Explain how to find
the elapsed time between 11:30 A.M.

and 1:45 P.M.
Lesson 3A Elapsed Time 659
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Begins on page EP2.
Find each elapsed time. See Examples 1 and 2

5. Music class starts at 11:30 A.M. and
ends at the time shown.
10
11 12 1
9
8
11 12 1
10
The table shows the

schedule of an aquariums daily
presentations.
11. Albert attended the Amazon
Creature Feature, which ended
at 2:45 P.M. How long did it last?
12. Next, Albert attended the Reptile
Report. It ended at 3:45 P.M. How
long was this presentation?
7 6 5
11 12 1
9
8
7 6 5
Science
2
3
7 6 5
10. Amelia boards a train at 3:30 P.M.

She rides for 2 hours and 45 minutes
to her stop. When does she arrive?
Daily Presentations Schedule

Presentation
Time
Amazon Creature Feature 1:30 P.M.

Diver in the Water
11:30 A.M. and 1:30 P.M.
Dolphin Training Lesson
11 A.M. and 1 P.M.
Reptile Report
3 P.M.
You Otter Know This
10 A.M. and 4 P.M.
13. Albert attended You Otter Know This last. It lasted 1 hour and
30 minutes. If it takes Albert 20 minutes to get home, did he
make it home in time to eat at 6 P.M.? Explain.
660
2
3
8. The school assembly starts at the time

shown. It ends at 9:50 a.m.
2
3
9. The fourth grade went on a field trip

to a museum at 9:20 A.M. They
returned 5 hours and 10 minutes
later. At what time did the students
return from the field trip?
11 12 1
7 6 5
9
8
10
2
3
7. The baseball game starts at 5:10 p.m.

and ends at the time shown.
10
6. Elli begins eating breakfast at the time

shown. She finishes at 7:30 A.M.
14. CHALLENGE Paul earns $5 for each hour he works. One day he
worked from 8:00 A.M. until 12:00 P.M., had lunch, and then worked
for 3 more hours. How much money did he earn that day?
15. FIND THE ERROR Nicholas is finding elapsed time.
Find and correct his mistake.
Its 10:45 a.m.

In 30 minutes
it will be
11:45 p.m.
Test Practice
16. A pencil box is filled with 12 colored
pencils. What is the most reasonable
estimate for the mass of the pencil
box? (Lesson 2D)
17. Gretchen downloaded music for

45 minutes. She began at 11:45 A.M.
What time did she finish?
(Lesson 3A)
A. 12 g
C. 12 kg
F. 11:00 A.M.
H. 11:00 P.M.
B. 30 g
D. 30 kg
G. 12:30 P.M.
I. 12:30 A.M.
Choose the more reasonable estimate for the mass of each object.
(Lesson 2D)
18. dog
40 g or 40 kg
19. hamster
500 g or 500 kg
20. Airports have limits on luggage weight. Is it more reasonable to say

that an airports weight limit is 35 grams or 35 kilograms? Explain. (Lesson 2D)
21. A number is multiplied by 8. Next, 32 is added to the product.
Then the sum is divided by 4. The result is 24. What is the number? (Lesson 1D)
Lesson 3A Elapsed Time 661
Multi-Part
Lesson
PART
Elapsed Time
A
Problem-Solving Investigation
Main Idea I will solve problems by choosing the best strategy.
Rey has lacrosse practice in the evenings. He gets

home from school and eats a snack for 15 minutes.
Then he spends 1 hour doing his homework. It takes
him 15 minutes to get to practice. Practice is at 5 P.M.
What time does Rey get home from school?
Understand
What facts do you know?
Rey eats for 15 minutes.

He works on homework for 1 hour.
It takes 15 minutes to get to practice at 5 P.M.
What do you need to find?
what time Rey gets home from school
Plan
Work backward to solve the problem.
Solve
Start with the end result. Then work backward one step at a time.
5 P.M. - 15 minutes = 4:45 P.M.
practice
starts
time to get
to practice
4:45 P.M. - 1 hour = 3:45 P.M.

homework
3:45 P.M. - 15 minutes = 3:30 P.M.

time spent eating
So, Rey gets home from school at 3:30 P.M.
Check
Look back. You can use addition to check.

15 minutes + 1 hour + 15 minutes = 1 hour and 30 minutes.
He gets home at 3:30 P.M. One hour and 30 minutes later is
5 P.M. The answer is correct.
GLE 0406.1.2 Apply and adapt a variety of appropriate strategies to problem solving, including estimation,
and reasonableness of the solution. Also addresses GLE 0406.2.6.
662
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Begins on page EP2.
Guess, check, and revise.

Use logical reasoning.
Draw a picture.
Work backward.
Use any strategy to solve each problem.

1. Debbie bought a movie ticket. She
then let her friend borrow $3. She now
has $7. How much money did she
have originally?
2. Adrian volunteers at an animal shelter.

It takes him 20 minutes to walk each
dog shown. It takes him 15 minutes
to give each dog a bath. He finished
walking and bathing the dogs at 6 P.M.
What time did he start?
5. Shantel jogs a mile in 8 minutes.

She warms up for 10 minutes. She
stretches for 5 minutes after she jogs.
She jogs 2 miles, including warming
up and stretching. She finishes at
8 A.M. What time does she start?
6. Nadina has two times as many
pennies as dimes. The number of
quarters she has is shown below. She
has 4 more dimes than quarters. How
much money does she have?
7. A number is divided by 3. Next, 25 is

added to the quotient. Then, the sum
is multiplied by 4. The result is 116.
What is the number?
8. Algebra Aprils party is being held
at an arcade. Each guest will be given
16 tokens to play games. Copy and
complete the table to find how many
tokens are needed for 12 guests.
3. A number is multiplied by 3. Next, 8 is

subtracted from the product. Then, the
difference is divided by 4. The result
is 7. What is the number?
4. There are 4 students standing in line.
Janna is at the end. Stewart is
between Rachel and Janna. Vince is
first. What is the order of the students?
Guests
Tokens
32
64
96
128
10

12
9.
WRITE MATH Explain which

strategy you used in Exercise 7.
To assess mastery of SPI 0406.4.8, see your Tennessee Assessment Book.
663
Chapter Study
Guide and Review
Key Vocabulary
Be sure the following Key

Concepts are written in
your Foldable.
capacity
elapsed time
Measu
re Cap
acity,
Weight,
and M
ass
Cutom
ary
Conve
rt
Units o
f
Custo
m
mass
Capac
it
ary Uni
ts
Metric
of Cap
acity
Units o
f Capa
Custom
city
ary Uni
ts
of Wei
Conve
ght
rt Custo
mary
Units of
Metric
Weigh
Units o
t
f
M
ass
Elapsed
Time
Notes
weight
Vocabulary Check
Key Concepts
Capacity
Capacity is the amount of liquid a
container holds. The customary units of
capacity are fluid ounces, cups, pints,
quarts, and gallons. The metric units of
capacity are milliliters and liters. (Lesson 1)
Weight and Mass
Complete each sentence with the

correct vocabulary word.
1.
?
2. The
heavy it is.
Elapsed Time
Elapsed time is the amount of time
between the beginning and the ending of
an activity. (Lesson 3)
664
of an object is how
3.
?
is the amount of time
between the beginning and the
end of an activity.
4.
?
is measured in grams
and kilograms.
5.
?
is measured in ounces,
pounds, and tons.
The weight of an object is how heavy it

is. Weight is measured in ounces, pounds,
and tons. (Lesson 2)
The mass of an object is the amount of
matter it has. Mass is measured in grams
and kilograms. (Lesson 2)
?
is the amount of matter
an object has.
6. The amount of liquid a container

?
holds is its
.
Multi-Part Lesson Review

Lesson 1
Capacity
Customary Units of Capacity
(Lessons 1A and 1B)
Choose the most reasonable estimate

for each capacity.
7. A.
B.
C.
D.
4
4
4
4
fluid ounces
cups
quarts
gallons
8. F.
G.
H.
I.
8
8
8
8
fluid ounces
cups
quarts
gallons
9. A.
B.
C.
D.
2
2
2
2
fluid ounces
cups
quarts
gallons
EXAMPLE 1
Carrie is pouring fruit juice into a

punch bowl. Is the most reasonable
estimate for the capacity of the bowl
2 fluid ounces, 2 cups, 2 quarts, or
2 gallons?
The punch is a large amount. So, 2 fluid

ounces, 2 cups, and 2 quarts are too small.
The most reasonable estimate for the
capacity of the punch bowl is 2 gallons.
Convert Customary Units of Capacity
(Lesson 1C)
Complete.
EXAMPLE 2
10. 16 fl oz = c 11. 2 gal = qt
Complete the conversion 3 c = fl oz.
12. pt = 12 qt
Since fluid ounces are smaller than cups,

multiply.
13. pt = 18 c
38=
14. 5 qt 10 pt
15. 2 c 18 fl oz

8 fluid ounces in each cup.
16. Chen is buying a 16-fluid ounce

container of spaghetti sauce. How
many cups of spaghetti sauce is he
buying?
3 8 = 24
So, there are 24 fluid ounces in 3 cups.
Chapter Study Guide and Review 665
Chapter Study Guide and Review
Problem-Solving Strategy: Work Backward
(Lesson 1D)
Solve. Use the work backward strategy.
EXAMPLE 3
17. Mrs. Cooper made a pot of soup.

Tony ate twice as much soup as his
brother. His sister ate 2 cups of soup.
Altogether Tony and his siblings ate a
half gallon of soup. How many cups
of soup did Tony eat?
Tim bought some milk. Two cups of milk

were used in a recipe. Three cups were
used at dinner. The next day, Tim drank
2 cups of milk and spilled 1 cup of milk
on the floor. Suppose he bought a
gallon of milk. How much milk is left?
18. The jug shown holds 1 gallon of

juice. Each plastic cup holds 1 pint
of juice. How many more gallons of
juice are needed to fill 40 plastic
cups?
1 gallon of milk is the same as 16 cups.

Subtract the number of cups Tim used.
16 cups 2 cups = 14 cups
9 cups 1 cup = 8 cups
So, Tim has 8 cups, or 2 quarts, of milk left.
Metric Units of Capacity
(Lesson 1E)

for each capacity.
19.
265 mL or 265 L
Is 700 mL or 700 L the more reasonable

estimate for the capacity of a bottle of
salad dressing?
Use logic to estimate the capacity of the
bottle of salad dressing.
700 mL
20.
6 mL or 6 L
21.
800 mL or 800 L
22. Carina said that her fathers cars gas
tank holds 200 liters of gas. Is that
reasonable? Explain.
666
EXAMPLE 4
700 L
THINK 700
THINK 700
eyedrops is
bottles is not
reasonable.
reasonable.
So, 700 mL is a more reasonable

estimate.
Lesson 2
Weight and Mass
Customary Units of Weight
(Lessons 2A and 2B)
23. Choose the most reasonable estimate

for the weight of the table.
A. 8 ounces
C. 800 pounds
B. 80 pounds
D. 8 tons
24. Tristan claimed some dinosaurs

weighed 3 tons. Is Tristans claim
reasonable? Explain.
Convert Customary Units of Weight
EXAMPLE 5
Which is the most

reasonable estimate
for the weight of a
pencil case: 1 ounce,
1 pound, 10 pounds,
or 10 tons?
A pencil case weighs more than a
strawberry or 1 ounce. A pencil case
weighs less than 10 pineapples or
10 pounds. Tons weigh more than
pounds, so the answer is 1 pound.
(Lesson 2C)
Complete.
EXAMPLE 6
25. 2,000 lb = T
How many ounces are in a 5-pound

bag of flour?
26. 32 oz = lb
Convert 5 pounds to ounces. Pounds are

larger than ounces. Multiply.
27. 16 oz and 1 lb = lb
28. 4 lb = oz
5 16 = 80
29. 8 T = lb
So, a 5-pound bag of flour has 80 ounces.
Metric Units of Mass
(Lesson 2D)

for the mass of each object.
30. pencil
ncil
4 g or 4 kg
31. chair
15 g or 15 kg
EXAMPLE 7
Which is the more reasonable

estimate for the mass of the
dog: 20 grams or 20 kilograms??
Twenty grams is too small for the mass of
a dog.
So, a reasonable estimate for the mass of
the dog is 20 kilograms.
Chapter Study Guide and Review 667
Chapter Study Guide and Review
Lesson 3
Elapsed Time
Elapsed Time
(Lesson 3A)
Find each elapsed time.
EXAMPLE 8
32. Delia left the store at 7:05 P.M.

The clock shows when she arrived
home.
What time will it be in 3 hours and

45 minutes?
10
11 12 1
9
8
2
3
7 6 5
Add 3 hours and 45 minutes to 12:15.

12:15
1:15
2:15
3:15
4:00
+ 1 hour + 1 hour + 1 hour + 45 minutes
33. A school play started at 5:30 p.m. and

ended at 7:25 p.m.
So, in 3 hours and 45 minutes it will

be 4:00.
Problem Solving Investigation: Choose a Strategy
(Lesson 3B)
Use any strategy to solve.
EXAMPLE 9
34. Kim is doing her chores. She swept

the floor for 30 minutes. She dusted
for 10 minutes less than she swept.
She cleaned her room for 40 minutes
longer than she dusted. How long did
it take Kim to clean her room?
Felipes basketball team is having

a car wash in the afternoon. It takes
10 minutes to wash a car. Felipes team
finished washing 12 cars at the time
shown. What time did the car wash start?
35. Kelsey has a week to catch 30 insects

for science class. Yesterday she
caught 3. The insects she caught
today are shown below. If she
catches 5 more each day for 4 days,
how many more will she need to
catch to have 30?
10
11 12 1
9
8
2
3
7 6 5
Start with the end result. Then work

backward.
12
10
= 120
cars
minutes to
wash 1 car
minutes to
wash 10 cars
5 P.M. 120 minutes = 3 P.M.

120 minutes = 2 hours
So, the car wash started at 3 P.M.

668
Practice
Chapter Test
Tell whether each statement is true or
false.
1. Weight is the amount of matter an
object has.
2. You can use a stopwatch to find
elapsed time.
8. Liana stays for band after school.

It takes her 20 minutes to walk
home after band. She has a snack
for 15 minutes and then spends an
hour on homework. Liana finishes
at 5:35 P.M.. What time did band end?
Complete.

each capacity.
3.
4.
9. lb = 4 T
10. 80 oz = lb
11. 8 lb = oz
12. 6,000 lb = T

for the mass of each object.
A. 6 fluid ounces
F. 1 fluid ounce
B. 6 cups
G. 1 cup
C. 6 quarts
H. 1 pint
D. 6 gallons
I. 1 quart
13. ruler

the weight of each object.
5. microscope
6. bald eagle
14. picture
20 g or 20 kg
10 g or 10 kg
15. MULTIPLE CHOICE How much time

passes from 4:15 P.M. to 5:30 P.M.?
F. 1 hour
A. 7 tons
F. 8 ounces
B. 70 pounds
G. 8 pounds
C. 7 pounds
H. 80 pounds
D. 7 ounces
I. 8 tons

comparisons is false?
A. 3 qt > 2 pt
C. 2 gal > 6 qt
B. 10 pt < 25 c
D. 16 oz < 2 c
G. 1 hour 15 minutes
H. 1 hour 30 minutes
I.
1 hour 45 minutes
16. Find the elapsed time.

What time will it be in
4 hours and 40 minutes?
17.
WRITE MATH
elapsed time.
Explain how to find
Practice Chapter Test
669
Test Practice
Which unit of measure would be

most reasonable to use when
finding the capacity of a thermos?
A fluid ounces
C quarts
B cups
D gallons
Read each answer choice

before determining the most
reasonable answer.
Read the Question

You need to find the most reasonable unit
of measure for the capacity of a thermos.
Solve the Question
Quarts and gallons are too large to use with a
thermos. Fluid ounces are too small.
The most reasonable unit of measure for the
capacity of a thermos is cups.
The answer is B.
Read each question. Then fill in the correct answer on the answer sheet
provided by your teacher or on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Rosie made a model flag. Which term
best describes the movement of
Rosies flag?
670
A. dilation
C. rotation
B. reflection
D. translation
2.
GRIDDED RESPONSE Rigo has

$2,008 in his bank account. If he buys
the laptop shown, how much money
will he have left?
7. A landscaper orders 3 tons of mulch.

How many pounds are there in
3 tons?
3. Which unit of measure would be most

reasonable to use when finding the
capacity of cleaning solution a contact
lens holds?
F. gram
H. liter
G. kilogram
I. milliliter
A. 3,000
C. 6,000
B. 4,000
D. 9,000
8. Which unit of measure

would be most reasonable
to use when finding the
capacity of bubble solution
that a bottle of bubbles
holds?
4. A vegetable garden is 8 yards long and

55 yards wide. What is the perimeter
of the garden?
A. 440 yards
F. fluid ounces
H. pints
B. 126 yards
G. cups
I. quarts
C. 118 yards
9. Isabel exercises every three days.
If she exercised on Monday and
Thursday, what are the next two
days she will exercise?
D. 63 yards
5. The weight of a small puppy is best
measured in what units?
A. Sunday and Tuesday

B. Sunday and Wednesday
C. Friday and Monday
D. Saturday and Monday
6.
F. milligrams
H. pounds
G. grams
I. ounces
10. A manatee eats 100 pounds of food

each day. How many manatees does
it take to eat 1 ton of food in a day?
GRIDDED RESPONSE How many

cups equal 24 fluid ounces?
F. 10
H. 20
G. 15
I. 30
NEED EXTRA HELP?

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CHAPTE R

How can I measure

Make this Foldable

When Will I Use This?

OK, well come

But thats only

How about ice

Well, I guess well need

Measure Capacity, Weight, and Mass

Are You Ready

for the Chapter?

You have two options for checking

Take the Quick Check below.

9. Dan shared his markers equally with three

Compare. Use >, <, or =.

12. 128 182

13. The table shows the number of cans collected

Write the time shown on each clock.

Take the Online Readiness Quiz.

Measure Capacity, Weight, and Mass

Capacity is the amount of liquid a container can hold.

Copy and complete the table.

WRITE MATH Is it faster to water two large flowerpots using a

To fill the aquarium most quickly, Jorge should use the

Measure Capacity, Weight, and Mass

TALK MATH Is it possible for both of the

containers shown to have a capacity of 1 pint?

Lesson 1B Capacity 629

Begins on page EP2.

Choose the most reasonable estimate for each capacity.

Estimate and then measure the capacity of each object.

12. juice box

Some household activities and the

14. If Callie takes one shower each day, is it

Measure Capacity, Weight, and Mass

16. Callie washes dishes three times each week.

WRITE MATH A set of twins is sharing 1 pint of ice cream.

22. Kayla is pouring milk into her cereal

21. Which of the following holds about

23. Cedric fills a baby pool with water.

Lesson 1B Capacity 631

To change from a larger unit to a smaller unit, multiply.

Customary Units of Capacity

1 cup = 8 fluid ounces (fl oz)

So, there are 8 quarts in 2 gallons.

Measure Capacity, Weight, and Mass

Since quarts are larger than pints, divide.

So, 8 pints = 4 quarts.

Complete. See Examples 1 and 2

4. Gwenith has 3 gallons of milk. How

TALK MATH Explain how to

convert 6 pints to cups.

Begins on page EP2.

Complete. See Examples 1 and 2

13. 10 gal 1,280 fl oz

Compare. Use >, <, or =.

15. Tomas is buying a 16-fluid ounce

16. Karen is buying 4 gallons of orange