(A-165-EL) Eng'g Spec For Design Loads - Rev.3 PDF

S-OIL ONSAN REFINERY
EXPANSION PROJECT
ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION
FOR
DESIGN LOADS
ES No.
A-165-EL
Revision
PAGE 1 OF 1
*REVISION HISTORY SHEET*

REV.NO.
DATE
Aug/05/2008
Oct/21/2008
DESCRIPTION
Newly Issued For Approval
(1.6)
(2.1)
The words metric, Celsius and kilogram were modified to

SI.
The code "ANSI A58.1" were changed to "ASCE7-05".
The unit weight of major materials was added.
(2.2)
(2.4)
The unit of the table 1 is changed "kg/ m2" to "kN/m2".

The words "assumed as an equivalent uniform load of
100kg / m2
" were modified to "estimated as per actual loading condition
and applied for the design".
(2.12)
The contact pressure of crawler was modified "9.0t/m2" to

"88.3kN/m2".
(2.13)
The unit "t" was modified to "kN".
(2.14)
The unit "t" was modified to "kN".
(3)
The word "Table 4" was added.
(4.2)
The reduction factors were modified.

The sentence "7)" was added at Table 2.
The reduction factors and sentences of Table 3 were
modified.
The Table 4 and sentence were added.
Jan/15/2009
Issued As Approved.
(2.4)
The piping loads were modified.
(4.2)
The reduction factors of Table 4 were modified.

The code Safety Guide SG-22 published by Manufacturing
Dec/08/2010
(Attachment
chemist association was changed to Design of Blast
#1. Para 1)
Resistant buildings in Petrochemical Facilities published by

ASCE TASK Committee.
(Attachment
The reference code was added Design of Blast Resistant

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#1.Para4.1)
(Attachment
#1.Para6.a)
(Attachment
#1.Para8.b)
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PAGE 1 OF 1
Buildings in Petrochemical Facilities.

The typo code name ACI 381 is changed to ACI 318-05
Reference paragraph was changed to 4.1

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*CONTENTS*
1. GENERAL..... 2
1.1 Scope 2
1.2 Codes and Standards. 2
1.3 Specific Design Conditions 2
1.4 Related Engineering Specifications. 2
1.5 Priority of Requirements 2
1.6 Units.. 3
2. DESIGN LOADS...... 3
2.1 Dead Loads.. 3
2.2 Live Loads 3
2.3 Equipment Loads.... 4
2.4 Piping Loads........5
2.5 Vibration Loads... 5
2.6 Loads of Handling Devices....6
2.7 Maintenance Loads........... 6
2.8 Thermal Loads............... 7
2.9 Wind Loads.................7
2.10 Snow Loads....................7
2.11 Earthquake Loads..................... 7
2.12 Traffic Loads............................. 7
2.13 Earth Pressure.......................... 9
2.14 Water Pressure....................... 10
2.15 Blaster Pressure......................10
3. LOADING COMBINATION ........................10
4. LOAD FACTOR FOR REQUIRED STRENGTH U.......... 10
4.1 Load Factor....................................... 10
4.2 Reduction Factor for Design Strength ................ 11
Attachment #1 BLAST RESISTANT DESIGN

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1. GENERAL
1.1 Scope
This specification covers the definitions of Loading and Loading combination which shall be applied to the
design of civil and structure construction, except marine facilities.
1.2 Codes and Standards
The applicable codes and standards are indicated in the "SPECIFIC DESIGN CONDITION" (Doc. No. F-00E2 300). The design, fabrication, inspection and testing shall conform to the requirements of the applicable
codes and standards.
1.3 Specific Design Conditions
Design conditions for particular project including applicable codes/standards, site conditions, basis of
elevation, materials and other matters depending on the local conditions, regulations and project
requirements are indicated in the separate document "SPECIFIC DESIGN CONDITION' (Doc. NO. F-00-E2
300).
1.4 Related Engineering Specification
This specification shall be related to all other Civil Engineering Specifications.
1.5 Priority of Requirements
In case of any discrepancy among the codes/standards, SPECIFIC DESIGN CONDITION, related
Engineering Specifications and this specification, order of priority shall be as under:
(1) SPECIFIC DESIGN CONDITION
(2) Codes and standards
(3) This specification
(4) Related Engineering Specifications

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1.6 Units
Unless otherwise specified, SI Unit System shall be applied as the measurement system for drawings and
documents to be provided.
2. DESIGN LOADS
2.1 Dead Loads (hereinafter referred to as D)
Dead loads shall mean the total weight of the structure and/or foundations, and all materials permanently
attached thereto or supported thereby. The unit weight of materials shall conform to applicable codes and
standards. Unless otherwise applicable codes and standards are specified in SPECIFIC DESIGN
CONDITION, dead loads shall be in accordance with ASCE 7-05.
The unit weight of major material such as concrete, steel, soil and water shall be as follows.
- Reinforced concrete : 24 kN/m3,
Plain Concrete : 23 kN/m3
- Soil above ground water : 18 kN/m3

- Water : 9.8 kN/m3
- Steel : 78.5 kN/m3
2.2 Live Loads (hereinafter referred to as L)
Live loads shall mean the moving or movable external loads on structures, foundations and buildings
produced by people, tools, furnishings of buildings, etc. which are not permanently fixed thereto.
However, weight for small equipment and miscellaneous facilities like following, which are permanently fixed
thereto, shall be included in live loads.
- lighting facilities
- local instrument facilities
- local electric facilities
- local cables
- miscellaneous equipment
Minimum live loads shall be shown on Table 1 below.

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<TABLE 1 Minimum Live Loads>

(unit : kN/m2)
Classification
Floor
(floor plate, floor joint)
Flat roof areas
Foundation,
Column,
Girder, Beam
For
Earthquake Load
1.0
1.0
3.0
3.0
0.9
Storage area *
5.0
5.0
1.5
Stairway
3.0
3.0
1.5
Walkway
3.0
3.0
1.5
5.0
5.0
1.5
3.0
3.0
1.5
Office
(corridor, room, etc)
Operation area **
(operating floor, platform where
light maintenance work is carried
out)
Roof used as platform around
apparatus
Other live loads shall be decided according to actual conditions.

* Live loads indicated here is guide line.
Live loads for storage area shall be decided according to actual conditions.
** Live loads for special area, where heavy maintenance is carried out, shall be referred to Paragraph 2.7
Maintenance Load
2.3 Equipment Loads
Equipment Loads shall be defined for the following 3 conditions.
(1) Equipment Loads for Erection (hereinafter referred to as Ee)
Equipment loads for erection shall mean the weight of equipment during erection, and in many cases,
do not include, the weight of internals, fluids and solids within the equipment, nor insulation, platforms
and piping to be attached to the equipment.

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(2) Equipment Loads for Operation (hereinafter referred to as Eo)

Equipment loads for operation shall mean the loads of equipment during normal operating conditions,
including the weight of internals, fluids and solid within the equipment, and all materials permanently
attached to the equipment, such as platforms, insulation and piping.
Vibration caused by operation of equipment shall be considered separately as vibration loads.
(3) Equipment Loads for Testing (hereinafter referred to as Et)
Equipment loads for testing shall mean the loads of equipment during hydrostatic testing at position,
including the weight of water within the equipment and piping, and all materials permanently attached to
the equipment, such as platforms, insulation and piping.
Most critical test condition to the structure shall be taken as design condition.
2.4 Piping Loads (hereinafter referred to as P)
Piping loads shall mean the weight of pipes, fittings, valves, insulation and the fluid contents of piping.
(1) Where structures and pipe racks supporting the pipes up to and including 12inches pipe diameter, the
piping loads shall be assumed as an equivalent uniform load of 1.0kN/m2. If actual loads for area are
more than above, actual loads shall be applied for the design.
(2) Pipes larger than 14 inches diameter shall be considered as concentrated load in their actual location.
(3) Piping of any size, with wall thickness greater than ANSI standard, shall be given additional consideration.
2.5 Vibration Loads (hereinafter referred to as V)
Vibration loads shall mean vibrational forces caused by heavy vibrating machinery and surging forces
caused by fluids, etc. Which act on structures and/or foundations. These loads shall be decided according to
vender information.
For vibrating equipment in absence of vibration loads to be supplied by vender, following loads shall be
assumed as equivalent vibration loads.

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Vertical direction : 0.5 times the weight of equipment and base plate
Horizontal direction : 0.25 times the weight of equipment and base plate
Axial direction : 0.1 times the weight of equipment and base plate
2.6 Loading of handing Device (hereinafter referred to as Ih)
Loads of handling device shall mean loads caused by a moving machinery such as crane, hoist and elevator
including lifted weight. Impact load specified below shall be included in this load.
(1) Travelling Crane
Vertical impact forces :
The vertical impact forces on supports of travelling crane shall be 25% of maximum of wheel load,
applied at the top of the runway.
Horizontal impact forces :
Parallel with rail direction : 20% of the sum of the lifted load and the weight of the crane trolley.
Orthogonal to the rail direction : 10% of the maximum wheel loads of the crane applied at the top of the
rail.
(2) Elevator
All elevator loads shall be increased by 100% for impact.
2.7 Maintenance Loads (hereinafter referred to as B)
Maintenance loads shall mean the loads which act on as temporary during maintenance such as :
- Pulling load of tube bundle of Heat Exchanger (0.4 x self-weight of bundle)
- Uniform load or concentrate load for specific area where heavy maintenance work is carried out.

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Actual loading of this maintenance loads shall be determined in accordance with actual condition.
2.8 Thermal Loads (hereinafter referred to as B)
Thermal loads shall mean friction force caused by thermal expansion or contraction of vessel or piping to the
supporting structure.
Friction coefficient shall be as follows.
Steel to Steel : 0.3
Steel to Concrete : 0.4
Steel to Teflon : 0.1
Concrete to Soil : 0.5
2.9 Wind Loads (hereinafter referred to as W)
Wind loads are indicated in the SPECIFIC DESIGN CONDITION (Doc. No. F-00-E2 300).
2.10 Snow Loads (hereinafter referred to as S)
Snow loads are indicated in the SPECIFIC DESIGN CONDITION (Doc. No. F-00-E2 300).
2.11 Earthquake Loads (hereinafter referred to as EQ)
Earthquake loads are indicated in the SPECIFIC DESIGN CONDITION (Doc. No. F-00-E2 300).
2.12 Traffic Loads (hereinafter referred to as TR)
Traffic loads (TR) for plant engineering and construction shall be defined as the following loads according
to the governing condition at construction, operation and maintenance.
(1) Ordinary Truck Loads (hereinafter referred to as TRs)
Unless otherwise specified in applicable codes and standards or in SPECIFIC DESIGN CONDITION,
Tandem-axle truck loads HS-20 in AASHTO specifications shall be applied to the design of roads
and road crossing constructions such as drainage pipes and box culverts.

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Number of repetition of this load is less than 50 times/day in average at plant operation stage except
products loading/unloading areas and the route to access them.
(2) Construction Equipment Loads (hereinafter referred to as TRc)
Roads and underground constructions, on which construction equipment such as cranes and
transportation equipment such as multi-axle transporters may move, shall be so designed as to
withstand the loads of such equipment.
In case of cranes having very large lifting capacity, traveling weight instead of fully assembled weight
shall be applied to the design. Full operation load of crane shall be considered only at lifting areas.
Construction equipment loads and loading areas shall carefully be examined based on the
construction planning of the future expansion work if any.
(3) Maintenance Equipment Loads (hereinafter referred to as TRm)
Ordinary truck loads TRs can be used as design loads of maintenance equipment used for routine
maintenance work in general, except lifting areas where typical lifting loads shall be examined in the
design of pavements and underground constructions or the loads shall be supported by temporary
reinforcement at actual maintenance stage. In case that weight of equipment used for routine
maintenance are particularly specified, these loads may be modified to meet actual loading condition.
The typical traveling load of truck crane of crawler cranes shown below, whichever is more severe,
shall be used as TRm for the design of major underground constructions in the maintenance traffic
areas.
More heavy equipment loads for special maintenance work unexpected or having small possibility will
not be taken into design consideration of permanent constructions. Temporary reinforcing or
supporting manners shall be provided when these special maintenance works will be required.
Typical Traveling Weight of Crane
(i)
150 ton Capacity Truck Crane

Wheel Loads
: 125% of HS20
Number of Repetition : negligible

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150 ton Capacity Crawler Crane

Overall Width of Crawlers : 6.6 m
Overall Length of Crawler : 8.8 m
Track Shoe (Crawler) Width : 1.1m
Contact Pressure of Crawler : 88.3 kN/m2
(4) Railway Loads (hereinafter referred to as TRr)

Railway loads shall be applied to the design, where required, in conformity with the applicable codes
and standards or the instruction of local railway authority.
2.13 Earth Pressure (hereinafter referred to as EP)
(1) Earth pressure shall mean the pressure of the soil acting on the underground structure and/or
foundation.
(2) Earth pressure at rest, act on basement, trenches and pit wall shall be calculated from the following
equations.
(a)
Above ground water

Po = 0.5 (r ho + q) ( kN/m2 )
(b)
Below ground water

Po =0.5 (r H1 + q + r1 (ho - H1)) + W(ho - H1)
Where :
Po : Soil pressure ( kN/m2 )
r : Unit weight of soil ( kN/m3 )
ho : Soil depth from grade surface (m)
q : Distributed load on ground surface ( kN/m2 )
H1 : Underground water level from grade surface (m)
r1 : Unit weigh of soil in water ( kN/m3 )
W : Unit weight of water ( kN/m3 )
( kN/m2 )

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(3) Active and passive earth pressure act on retaining wall shall be calculated from Coulomb's earth
pressure equation.
2.14 Water Pressure (hereinafter referred to as WP)
(1) Water pressure shall mean the pressure of water acting on the underground structure or pit/basin
structure.
(2)
Water pressure shall be calculated from the following equations.

Pw = W hw ( kN/m2 )
Where :
Pw : Water pressure ( kN/m2 )
hw: Depth from water surface (m)
W : Unit weight of water ( kN/m3 )
2.15 Blaster Pressure (hereinafter referred to as BP)

Blast pressure shall be referred to the ATTACHMENT hereto.
3. LOAD COMBINATION
Buildings, structures, foundations, pits and all structural components shall generally be designed in the loading
combinations with the most conservative basis as shown on Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4.
4. LOADING FACTOR FOR REQUIRED STRENGTH U
Following shall be applied for an ultimate strength design of concrete structures.
4.1 Load Factor
The basic requirement for strength design may be expressed as follows:
Required Strength Design strength

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U x nominal strength
The "required strength" U is computed by multiplying the service loads by load factors for each construction
as shown in Table 3, and the "design strength" of a structural element is computed by multiplying the
"nominal strength by a strength reduction factor which is less than one.
4.2 Reduction Factor for Design Strength
Reduction Factor
a. Flexure, with or without tension
0.90
b. Axial tension
0.90
c. Axial compression, with or without flexure
0.70
Member with spiral reinforcement

d. Other reinforcement members
0.65
e. Shear and torsion
0.75
f. Bearing on concrete
0.65
g. Flexure in plain concrete
0.55
(Source : ACI 318-05 Building Code Requirement for Structural Concrete, Paragraph 9.3.2 & 9.3.5)
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<TABLE 2 LOAD COMBINATION>

Item
Load
Building 1)
RC Structure 2)
Equipment
Trench,
Dike,
Foundation 3)
U/G Pit 4)
Pit 5)
Dead loads
x x x x x x
x x x x x
x x
Live Loads
x x x x x x
x x x x x
Equipment loads
x x x x x x
for erection
Ee
for operation
Eo
for testing
Et
x x x x x x
x
x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x
Piping loads
x x x x x x
x x x x x
Vibration loads
x x x x x x
x x x x x
Loads for handling Device
Ih
x x x x x x
Maintenance loads
Thermal loads
Wind loads
Snow loads
x x x x x x
x
x x x x x x
x x x x x x
x x x x x
x
x x x x x x
x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
Earthquake loads
EQ
Traffic loads
TR
Earth pressure
EP
x x
Water pressure
WP
x x
Category of Load Combination

Increase ratio of allowable stress
for steel structure design
x x x x x x
x x x x x
1.33
1.33
1.33
1.33
1.33
x ) Only dead load of handling device may be consider in the design depending on the actual handling conditions.
x ) Traffic loads shall be referred to TRs, TRc, TRm.
1) Building: including the foundation, applied to non process building.
2) Including the foundation, can be also applied to compressor building and other process building.
3) Including local FDN, Sleeper
4) Including U/G and other U/G facilities
5) Means above ground it
6) Category of road combination shall be referred to "Safety Factor of Stability stipulated in A-163-C2
EQUIPMENT FOUNDATION
7) If load combination of Table 4 for allowable stress design is applied, increase of allowable stress shall not be
used.
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<TABLE 3 (1/2) LOAD FACTOR FOR REQUIRED STRENGTH>

Item
Building
Load
R.C structure
Dead loads
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
Live Loads
1.6
1.0
1.0
1.6
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.9
1.2
1.2
1.0
Equipment loads
for erection
Ee
for operation
Eo
for testing
Et
0.9
1.6
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.2
Vibration loads
1.6
1.0
1.0
1.6
Device
Ih
Maintenance loads
Thermal loads
Wind loads
Snow loads
Earthquake loads
EQ
Traffic loads
TR
Earth pressure
EP
Water pressure
WP
1.2
1.0
Piping loads
Loads for handling
0.9
1.6
1.0
1.0
*
1.0
1.2
1.6**
0.5
0.5
1.2
1.2
1.6**
0.2
0.5
0.5
1.0
1.6**
0.2
0.2
1.0
1.0
Operation
Operation
Operation
Operation
Operation
Operation
Erection
Erection
+ Snow
+ Wind
+ Seismic
+ Snow
+ Wind
+ Seismic
+ Wind
+ Seismic
Title of Load Combination
Maintenance
*) Dead load includes self-weight of equipment & handling device.

**) Use 1.3W in place of 1.6W, in case that wind load has not been reduced by a directionality factor.
Note : Application of item is the same as that of TABLE-2
Test
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<TABLE 3 (2/2) LOAD FACTOR FOR REQUIRED STRENGTH>

Item
Equipment Foundation
Load
Dead loads
1.2
1.2
1.2
Live loads
1.6
1.0
1.0
0.9
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.0
1.6
Trench,
Above Ground
U/G Pit
Pit, Dike
0.9
1.2
0.9
Equipment loads
For erection
Ee
For operation
Eo
For testing
Et
Piping loads
1.2
1.2
1.2
Vibration loads
1.6
1.0
1.0
Loads for
Handling device
Maintenance
loads
0.9
1.6
1.0
1.2
1.0
1.6
1.2
1.0
1.0
1.0
Ih
1.0
Thermal loads
1.2
1.2
1.2
Wind loads
Snow loads
Earthquake loads
EQ
Traffic loads
TR
1.6
Earth pressure
EP
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
Water pressure
WP
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
Construction
Operation
1.6*
0.5
0.5
1.6*
0.2
0.2
0.5
1.0
Operation
Operation
Operation
1.0**
Erection
Operation
Maintenance
+ Snow
+ Wind
+ Seismic
+ Wind
Test
Operation
+ Traffic
*) Use 1.3W in place of 1.6W, in case that wind load has not been reduced by a directionality factor.
**) Earthquake loads shall be considered only for above ground pit.
+ Seismic
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<TABLE 4 LOAD FACTOR FOR ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN>

Item
Steel Structure
Load
Dead loads
1.0
0.75
0.75
0.75
Live Loads
1.0
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
Equipment loads
for erection
Ee
for operation
Eo
for testing
Et
0.75
1.0
0.75
0.75
0.75
1.0
0.75
0.75
0.75
Vibration loads
1.0
0.75
0.75
0.75
Ih
1.0
Device
Maintenance loads
Thermal loads
Wind loads
Snow loads
Earthquake loads
EQ
Traffic loads
TR
Earth pressure
EP
Water pressure
WP
0.75
0.75
Piping loads
Loads for handling
0.75
0.75
0.75
*
0.75
1.0
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.75
0.525
0.525
Operation
Operation
Operation
Erection
Erection
+ Snow
+ Wind
+ Seismic
+ Wind
+ Seismic
Operation
Maintenance
Test
*) Only dead load of handling device may be considered in the design, depending on the actual handling condition
Attachment #1
*CONTENTS*
1. GENERAL
2. TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION
3. LOADS
4. STATIC LOAD EQUIPMENT OF BLAST PRESSURE AND DURATIONS
5. STRUCTURE DESIGN
6. ADDITIONAL STRUCTURE DESIGN EQUIPMENT
7. FOUNDATION DESIGN
8. DOOR AND OTHER OPENINGS
Attachment #1
1. GENERAL
Blast proof design for buildings, where required, should be in accordance with Design of Blast Resistant
Buildings in Petrochemical Facilities published by ASCE TASK COMMITTEE.
2. TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION
Buildings preferably should be constructed with :
a. Either monolithic reinforced concrete box-type buildings utilizing shear walls.
Or
b. reinforced concrete or structural steelwork frames with wall cladding of reinforced concrete or engineered
reinforced masonry the energy absorption capacity of each structural element up to the point of collapse
should exceed twice that required to resist the design blast loading.
3. LOADS
Blast Pressure and Durations
Rectangular box-shaped buildings should be designed for blast pressures as follows, the choice depending on
the type of explosion anticipated:
Either
a. Each wall should be designed for a peak reflected pressure of 172kPa(25psi) and a duration of 20
milliseconds.
b. Flat roof slabs and beams should be designed for an incident over-pressure of 69kPa(10psi) and a duration
of 20 milliseconds.
c.
The main structural framing should be designed for blast pressure on any one wall in accordance with
subparagraph a., above, together with roof loading as follows:
Attachment #1
PEAK PRESSURE, ROOF LOADING

Span of Structural Frame
Applied as Uniform Load
Duration
[Unit : m(ft)]
[Unit : kPa(psi)]
[Unit : milliseconds, ms]
3 (10)
69 (10.0)
20
6 (20)
38 (5.5)
35
12 (40)
30 (4.4)
55
18 (60)
26 (3.8)
60
Or
a. In the event of a peak incident overpressure of 20kPa(2.9psi) with a positive blast duration of
100milliseconds, each wall should be designed for a peak reflected pressure of 30kPa(4.4psi) and a
positive duration of 100 milliseconds.
b. Flat roof slabs should be designed for an incident overpressure of 20kPa(2.9psi) and a positive duration of
100 milliseconds.
c.
Where side wall panels are designed to resist horizontal shear reactions from walls subjected to loading as
in subparagraph a., above, they should be designed to resist in addition the same pressure as the roof
slabs in b.
4. STATIC LOAD EQUIVALENT OF BLAST PRESSURES AND DURATIONS

4.1 The following general formula may be used
(refer to Design of Blast Resistant Buildings in Petrochemical Facilities, ASCE Manual 42)
R=
P
a
a
2 m ( + 0.7)
Where :
R = required dynamic resistance of structural element, expressed as static load equivalent of blast load
equivalent load equivalent of blast pressure and duration, kPa or psi
P = peak blast load for the element under consideration, kPa or psi
a = energy absorption factor = 2m 1
m = Maximum displacement factor = xm / xy
= duration factor = to / T
xm = maximum allowable dynamic displacement, millimeters or inches
Attachment #1
xy = effective displacement at initial yield, millimeters or inches
to = duration of blast load, milliseconds
T = fundamental period of vibration of structure or element under consideration, milliseconds
4.2 Maximum allowable dynamic displacements should be limited as follows:
DEFORMATION LIMITS
Structural Component
Displacement Factor
xm / xy
Reinforced Brickwork
1.0
Reinforced concrete
Axial compression
1.0
Flexure
3.0
Shear
1.5
Beams and Structural Framing
5.0
Beams and Structural cladding
3.0
Steel
(Closed Section)
Where girders are also used to restrain the columns in a structural frame supporting lateral loads, their
displacement factor under vertical loads should limited to 1.0. The framework sideways/height ratio should
not be greater than 0.04.
4.3 The required rebound resistance opposite to the direction of blast loads should be determined in accordance
with ASCE Manual 42, or an equivalent acceptable method. Rebound resistance should not be less than 75
percent of undamped rebound, or 25 percent or dynamic resistance calculated according to paragraph 4.1,
whichever is greater.
4.4 Load Combinations
4.4.1 R, the required dynamic resistance to blast loads, should be combined with other loads as follows:
U =D + L + R
Where
U = total required structural resistance
D = dead loads, or their related internal moments and forces
Attachment #1
L = applicable live loads, or their related internal moments and forces
4.4.2 Required rebound resistance should normally be considered in combination with dead loads only.
4.4.3 Resistance to blast loads should not be considered in combination with wind or earthquake.
5. STRUCTURE DESIGN
The structure should be of simple shape, avoiding reentrant corners, offsets, vestibules, etc.
5.1 Load Combinations
The dynamic capacity of any structural element should be determined according to the plastic design
method for structural steel and the ultimate strength method for reinforced concrete as provided by AISC
Specification and ACI Standard, respectively, except that:
a. Dynamic strengths of materials as set forth in the Tables below should be used
b. Capacity reduction factors can be increased by 10 percent.
DYNAMIC STRENGTHS OF STRUCTURAL AND REINFORCING STEEL

For steels with fy 415 Mpa (60ksi)
Direct tension or flexure (fdy) ----------------------------- 1.2 fy
Direct compression ----------------------------------------- 2 fa but fdy
Shear (fdv) ----------------------------------------------------- 0.60 fy
For steels with fy > 415 Mpa (60ksi)
Direct tension or flexure (fdy) ----------------------------- 1.1 fy
Direct compression ----------------------------------------- 1.8 fa but fdy
Shear (fdy) ----------------------------------------------------- 0.55 fy
DYNAMIC STRENGTHS OF CONCRETE

MPa OR psi
(Relative to 28-day standard cylinder compressive strength, fc in MPa (psi)
Axial or flexural compression fdc ---------------------------------- 1.25 fc
Shear, direct (Vd) ----------------------------------------------------- 0.20 fc
Shear, diagonal tension (Vde) -------------------------------------- 0.187
f 'c ( 2.25 f 'c )
Bond on deformed bars (Ud) --------------------------------------- 0.15 fc

Direct tension (fdt) ----------------------------------------------------- 0.622
Bearing (fbc) ------------------------------------------------------------- 0.85 fc`
f 'c (7.5 f 'c )
Attachment #1
6. ADDITIONAL STRUCTURE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Reinforced concrete structures should satisfy the following additional requirements :
a. Roof slabs and external walls should be doubly reinforced.
b. Frames and shear walls should be designed in accordance with Special Provisions for Seismic Design, ACI
318-05.
7. FOUNDATION DESIGN
(a) It is recommended that foundations be designed for the maximum values of the dynamic reactions resulting
from the following taken simultaneously in combination:
a. Peak reflected pressure.
b. Roof loading.
c. Applicable dead and live loads.
The maximum value of the dynamic reaction can be considered as reaction to the total structural
resistance(U) applied as a static load disregarding any time phase relation ship. In no case should the
capacity of a foundation be less than the ultimate static capacity of the structure element it supports.
(b) For blast loading conditions, the permissible soil bearing pressure can be taken as 80% of the ultimate value
Ultimate soil bearing pressures should be based on the results of a soil investigation and a consideration of
permissible total and differential settlement under blast loads.
(c) For piled foundations the allowable vertical load under blast condition should be 0.8 times the ultimate
capacity.
(d) If piles are required to resist lateral movements of the structure under the blast loading, passive resistance
developed on the foundation walls and footing may be taken into account.
(e) Individual foundations should be tied together.
Attachment #1
8. DOORS AND OTHER OPENINGS

(a) At least two means of exit should be provided. one each or more on opposite ends of the building. Each door
should be equipped with a quick opening (panic) bar.
(b) Doors in external blast-resistant walls should be designed for a static pressure of 86kPa (12.5psi) (acting in
ward) and for a rebound pressure of 14kPa (2.Opsi) (acting outward) using maximum design stresses equal
to the dynamic yield stress of the materials being used. Alternatively, doors may be designed by the dynamic
method outlined in paragraph 4.1 using the wall loading and a value of xm / xy = 10.

(A-165-EL) Eng'g Spec For Design Loads - Rev.3 PDF

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S-OIL ONSAN REFINERY

*REVISION HISTORY SHEET*

The words metric, Celsius and kilogram were modified to

The unit of the table 1 is changed "kg/ m2" to "kN/m2".

The contact pressure of crawler was modified "9.0t/m2" to

The unit "t" was modified to "kN".

The unit "t" was modified to "kN".

The word "Table 4" was added.

The reduction factors were modified.

The piping loads were modified.

The reduction factors of Table 4 were modified.

chemist association was changed to Design of Blast

Resistant buildings in Petrochemical Facilities published by

The reference code was added Design of Blast Resistant

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Buildings in Petrochemical Facilities.

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Plain Concrete : 23 kN/m3

- Soil above ground water : 18 kN/m3

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<TABLE 1 Minimum Live Loads>

Flat roof areas

Other live loads shall be decided according to actual conditions.

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(2) Equipment Loads for Operation (hereinafter referred to as Eo)

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150 ton Capacity Truck Crane

Number of Repetition : negligible

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150 ton Capacity Crawler Crane

(4) Railway Loads (hereinafter referred to as TRr)

Above ground water

Below ground water

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Water pressure shall be calculated from the following equations.

2.15 Blaster Pressure (hereinafter referred to as BP)

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c. Axial compression, with or without flexure

Member with spiral reinforcement

e. Shear and torsion

g. Flexure in plain concrete

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<TABLE 2 LOAD COMBINATION>

Loads for handling Device

Category of Load Combination

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<TABLE 3 (1/2) LOAD FACTOR FOR REQUIRED STRENGTH>

Loads for handling

Title of Load Combination

*) Dead load includes self-weight of equipment & handling device.

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<TABLE 3 (2/2) LOAD FACTOR FOR REQUIRED STRENGTH>

Title of Load Combination

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<TABLE 4 LOAD FACTOR FOR ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN>

Title of Load Combination

Loads for handling

PEAK PRESSURE, ROOF LOADING

REVISION HISTORY SHEET