DRUG STUDY

Generic Name
Brand Name
Classifications

Generic name:
Epinephrine
Brand name:
Adrenaline
Classification:
Autonomic
nervoussystem
agent; alpha
and beta
adrenergic
agonist;
bronchodilato

Prescribed and
Recommended
Dosage,
Frequency, and
route of
Administration

Mechanism of
Action

Indication

Contraindication

Adult : IV
Advanced
cardiac life
support As
1:10,000 soln: 1
mg, repeat every
2-3 mins if
needed
Anaphylactic
shock As
1:10,000 soln: 5
mL infused
slowly until a
response is
achieved. IM.

Relaxes
bronchial
smooth
muscle by
stimulating
beta2
receptors and
alpha and
beta receptors
in the
sympathetic
nervous
system

-Bronchospasm,
hypersensitivity
reactions,
anaphylaxis
-Hemostasis
-To prolong local
anesthetic effect

-To control cardiac

rhythm in cardiac
arrest
- Acute asthma
attacks

Patient with
angleclosure
glaucoma, shock,
organic brain
damage, cardiac
dilation,
arrhythmias,
coronary
insufficiency, or
cerebralarterioscle
rosis
Patients receiving
general
anesthesia with
halogenated
hydrocarbons or
cyclopropane and
in patients in labor
(may delay
secondstage).
Patients with
sulfite allergies

Adverse Reaction

Nursing Responsiblities

CNS:
drowsiness,
headache,
nervousness,
tremor, cerebral
hemorrhage, stroke,
vertigo, pain,
disorientation,
agitation, fear,
dizziness,weakness
CV:
palpitations,
ventricular
fibrillation, shock,
widened pulse
pressure,
hypertension,
tachycardia, angina
pain, altered ECG
(including
adecreased T-wave
amplitude)
GI:
nausea, vomiting
Respiratory:
Dyspnea

-Monitor patient VS
closely. If disturbances in
cardiac rhythm occur,
withhold epinephrine
and notify physician
immediately.
-Keep physician
informed of any changes
-Use cardiac monitor
with patients receiving
epinephrine IV. Have full
crash cart immediately
available.
- Check BP repeatedly
during first 5 min, then
q3
5min until stabilized.
-Advise patient to report
to physician if symptoms
are not relieved in 20
min or if they become
worse following
inhalation

DRUG STUDY

Generic Name
Brand Name
Classifications

Prescribed and
Recommended
Dosage,
Frequency, and
route of
Administration

Generic name:
Lidocaine
Brandname:

Xylocaine
Classification:
Anesthetic
topical or local,
Antiarrythmics

Percutaneous:
1-60 mL of 0.51% solution (5300 mg total
dose)
IV regional: 1060 mL of 0.5%
solution (50-300
mg total dose)

Mechanism of
Action

Lidocaine
suppresses the
automaticity and
spontaneous
depolarization of the
ventricles during
diastole by altering
the flux of sodium
ions across the cell
membrane with little
or no effect on the
heart. Locally, it
produces local
anesthesia effect by
inhibiting the
transport of ions
across the neural
membranes. Thus,
initiation and
conduction of normal
nerve impulses is
prevented

Indication

Contraindication

Adverse Reaction

Drowsiness
Dizziness
Nervousness

- ventricular

arrhythmias

Hypersensitivity

- nfiltration or
mucosal or topical
anesthetic

Advanced AV
block

(mucosal use)
decreased or
absent gag reflex
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Burning sensatio

Nursing Responsiblities

-Check drug
concentration carefully;
many concentrations are
available.
-Reduce dosage with
hepatic or renal failure.
-Continuously monitor
response when used as
antiarrhythmic or injected
as local anesthetic.
-Maintain life-support
equipment, and have
vasopressors on standby
if severe adverse reaction
-Establish safety
precautions if CNS
changes occur.
Monitor for malignant
hyperthermia (jaw muscle
spasm, rigidity); have lifesupport equipment and IV
dantrolene on standby.