Bi tp_QTQ

Chapter 10_Electric Power System

BI 10.20:
The inertia constant H of a 150 MVA, six pole, 60 hz synchoronous machine is 4.2 MJ/MVA.
Determine the value of WR2 in lb-ft2
Bi lm:
Xut pht t quan h gia H v WR2 ca my pht m cng sut danh ngha ca n l Smach
MVA.
ng lng ca phn quay Rotor tc ng b l:
1 WR 2 2n 2
KE .
.(
)
2 32.2 60

(1)
Trong :
- KE l ng lng ca Rotor ( in feet pounds ).
- Moment qun tnh ca my pht in ng b a ra bi cng thc WR 2/32.2 thanh
kim loi ( feet squared foot vung ). y W l khi lng phn quay ca my tnh bng
Pounds v R l bn knh quay trn ca n tnh bng feet. Ni chung l gi tr WR 2 do nh cung cp
cho.
-

n l tc ca rotor ( vng/pht ) m n

60. f
(f l tn s (hz), P l s i cc).
P

M ta c ng lng ca my pht = SmachH (2)., trong Smach l cng sut danh nh

(MVA)
T (1) v (2), ta suy ra.

1 WR 2 2n 2
Smach H .
.(
)
2 32,2 60
Do 550 ft-lb/s = 746W, 1 ft-lb = 746/550 J. Bin i foot-pouds thnh megajun.
1 WR 2 2n 2 746 6
Smach H .
.(
) .(
.10 )
2 32,2 60
550

Smach H WR2 .n2 .(2,31.1010 )

WR 2

Smach H .
.1010
2
2,31.n

(3)

Trong : Smach=150MVA; H=4,2MJ/MVA; n=60.f/P=60.60/3=1200 v/pht. Th vo cng

thc (3) ta c kt qu: WR2 = 1.893.939 lb-ft2.
WR 2

150.4,2
Smach H .
2
.1010 =
1010 1.893.939 lb-ft
2
2
2,31.n
2,31.1200

BI 10.21:
Mt my pht ng b cng sut 150MVA, 6 cc, tn s 60HZ, hng s qun tnh H=
4.2MJ/MVA chy vi tc ng b trng thi n nh.
a. ng nng g tch tr trn roto?
b. Nu cng sut gia tng ln 28 MW, tnh ton gia tc roto?
Bi lm:
a. Theo cng thc (10.1) nng lng tch tr trn roto:
GH = 150*4.2 = 630MJ
b. Gia tc roto d 2 / dt 2 cho bi cng thc (10.7) vi Pa = 28MW.
Theo (10.3):

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Bi tp_QTQ

Chapter 10_Electric Power System

630
GH
=
180 * 60
180 f
p dng (10.7) ta c:

M=

d 2
= Pa
dt 2

d 2 = Pa = 480 o/s2
2
M
dt
BI 10.22:
A 300-MVA,1200-rpm synchronous machine has WR2 = 3,6.106 lb.ft2. Calculate H for the
machine a) on its own base and b) on a 100 MVA base.
Bi lm:
(a). Xc nh H vi Smach=300MVA (cng sut biu kin ca my pht)
ng nng ca rotor tc ng b:
1
KE WR
2 32.2

Vi:

2 n (in foot-pound)

60
2

n = 1200 v/p.
550ft.lb/s = 746w, 1ft.lb=746/550J.
WR2=3,6.106lb.ft2
2 n

60

6 1
746
10 WR

550
2 32, 2

mach

2,3110 WR n
S .
10

2,3110 3,610 1200

10

300.

mach

10

3,99 MJ MVA

b). Xc nh H vi Ssyt=100MVA (n v c bn).

H H mach S mach 3,99

syt

300
11,97 MJ MVA
100

Bi 10.23:
My pht A 100MVA c H = 4.2MJ/MVA v my in 250-MVA vn hnh song song vi
my pht, c H = 3.6 MJ/MVA. Tnh hng s qun tnh tng ng H cho hai my in trn mt
i lng c bn 50MVA.
Bi lm:
Tng ng nng ca hai my in l:
KE = 4,2x100 + 3,6x250 = 1320MJ
Vy, quan h H tng ng vi i lng c bn 50MVA l:
H = 1320/50 = 26,4 MJ/MVA
Bi 10.24:
The moment of inertia of a 50-MVA,six pole,60 Hz generator is 20x103kg.m2. determine H and
M for the machine.
Bi lm:

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Chapter 10_Electric Power System

The stored energy is

The inertia constant H

The angular moment

Bi tp 10.25:
A synchronous motor develops 30 percent of its rated power for a certain load. The load on the
motor is suddenly increased by 150 percent of the original value. Neglecting all losses, calculate the
maximum power angle on the swing curve.
Bi lm:
Ta c phng trnh dao ng ca my in ng b nh sau:

d 2
M 2 Pi Pe Pa
dt
Trong :

(1)

l gc cng sut

Hnh 1. th thay i gc cng sut theo thi gian t.

Xt mt h khng n nh, tng v hn theo thi gian nhng tn tht ng b ca my in.
Nu b qua h thng iu khin th ta c

d d 2 2 Pa d
.

.
dt dt 2
M dt
Tch phn tng bc cho ta :
2

2
d

. Pa d
M 0
dt
2

(2)

(3)

Suy ra

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dt

Chapter 10_Electric Power System

2
. Pa d
M 0

(4)
Trong 0 l gc cng sut ban u trc khi rotor dao ng do cc nhiu lon.
d
Tiu chun n nh
0 c ngha l :
dt

P d 0
a

Hnh 2. Din tch tng tc v gim tc trng hp gii hn n nh

n nh, ta s dng phng php cn bng din tch (nh Hnh 2) : A1 = A2
hay

( Pi Pmax )d ( Pmax sin Pi )d

(5)

Sau khi thc hin tch phn (5) ta c :

Pi (1 0 ) Pmax (cos 1 cos 0 ) Pi (1 2 ) Pmax (cos 1 cos 2 )
M :
Pi Pmax sin 1

(6)

(7)

Th (7) vo (6), ta c phng trnh nh sau :

( 2 - 0 )sin 1 + cos 2 - cos 0 =0

(8)

Trong 2 chnh l gc cng sut ln nht m ta cn tm, by gi tin hnh tm gc 1 v gc

0 theo gi thit bi cho nh sau:

Tm 0 :
Ta c :
P0 = Pmax sin 0
Theo gi thit:
P0 = 0,3 Pmax
Suy ra:
sin 0 =0,3
hay

0 =17,45600

(9)

Tm 1 :
Ta c:

P1 = Pmax sin 1
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Chapter 10_Electric Power System

Theo gi thit bi l ti ng c t nhin tng 150 % so gi tr ban u, tc l tng ln

150% ca 30% cng sut nh mc, tc l :
P1 = 0,45 Pmax
Th vo phng trnh trn ta c :
0,45Pmax = Pmax sin 1
Suy ra :
sin 1 = 0,45 hay 1 =26,74370

(10)

Th (9) v (10) vo phng trnh (8), ta c mt phng trnh siu vit nh sau :
Cos 2 + 0,45 - 1,0802 = 0
(11)
gii phng trnh (11), ta s dng phng php lp Newton Raphson nh sau (t
x= 2 ) :
Ta c :
f(x) = cosx + 0,45x -1,0802 = 0
(12)
Dng lnh Plot ca Matlab v hm g(x) theo cu lnh nh sau :
x=0:pi/20:2*pi
plot(cos(x) + 0.45*x -1.0802)
grid on ;

f(x) = cos(x) + 0.45*x -1.0802

Hnh 3. th f(x) = cosx + 0,45x -1,0802 = 0 v trong MATLAP.

on chng trnh gii phng trnh siu vit (12) bng phng php lp Newton Raphson
qua phn mm Matlab nh sau :
dx=1;
% Change in variable is set to a high value
x=input('Enter the initial estimate -> '); % Initial estimate
iter = 0;
% Iteration counter
disp('iter x')
% Heading for result
while abs(dx) >= 0.001 & iter < 100
% Test for convergence
iter = iter + 1;
% No. of iterations
Dc=0-(cos(x)+0.45*x-1.0802);
% Residual
J = -sin(x)+0.45;
% Derivative
dx= Dc/J;
%Change in variable
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Chapter 10_Electric Power System

x=x+dx;
% Successive solution
fprintf('%g', iter), disp( x)
end
Kt qu tnh ton bng chng trnh : Cho gi tr ban u ca x = 1
iter x
1 0.7704
2 0.7059
3 0.6983.
4. 0.6982
Qua 4 vng lp t chng trnh ta thu c kt qu x = 0,6982 (rad) = 400
Nh vy gc cng sut cc i cn tm l : max = 2 = 400
BI TP: 10.26
A 100 MVA synchronous generator supplies 62.5 MVA of power at 0.8 lagging power factor.
The reactance between the load and the generator is normally 1.0 pu, but it increases to 3.0 because
of a sudden three phase short circuit. The fault is subsequently cleared and the generator then
supplies 43.75 MVA at 0.8 lagging power factor. Determine the critical clearing angle.
Bi lm:
Let
P during.the. fault PI
k1 max

Pmax before.the. fault

Pm

k2

Pmax after .the. fault

P
II
Pmax before.the. fault Pm

o = power angle at the time of the fault

c = power angle when fault is cleared
m= maximum angle of swing
Then the equal-area criterion , we must have area A1= area A2 give us
c

( m 0 ) Ps Bd Cd
Substituting for B and C in (1), with Ps=Pmax.sin0 eventually yields
1
cos c
[( m 0 ) sin 0 k1 cos 0 k 2 cos m ] (1)
k 2 k1
We put: Pmax=100/100=1pu. Thus PII= 0.4375 pu ,
k2= PII/Pmax= 0.4375/1=0.4375pu.
Now Pmax=EV/X. When the fault occurs X become 3X, so that :
EV
1
k1 Pmax sin m
sin m Pmax sin m
3X
3
So that k1=1/3=0.33
PI= k1.Pmax = 0.33 x1= 0.33 pu ;
PI= Pmaxsin0 => sin0=PI/Pmax= 0.33 => 0=19.45 ; cos0= 0.94
After the fault :
PI= k2Pmaxsinm => sinm= PI/k2Pmax= 0.33/0.4375= 0.754 =>m = 48.93= 490
=>m=180-49=131 => cos m= -0.656
m- 0 = 131- 19.45 =111.55 or 1.94 rad
Hence, from (1) :
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Chapter 10_Electric Power System

cos c

1
[( m 0 ) sin 0 k1 cos 0 k 2 cos m ]
k 2 k1

1
[1.94 0.33 0.33 0.94 0.4375 0.656]
0.4375 0.33
1
0.039
cos c
(0.64 0.314 0.287)
0.36279
0.1075
0.1075
So that: c= cos-10.36279 = 68072
cos c

BI TP 10.27
A synchronous generator supplies its rated power to an infinite bus at a voltage of 1.0 pu.
The reactance between the generator and the line , normally 0,825 pu, increases to 0,95 pu
because of a fault. Find the critical clearing angle.
Mt my pht ng b cung cp cng sut nh mc cho 1 bus v hn c in p 1,0 pu. in
khng gia my pht v ng dy lc bnh thng l 0.825 pu, lc s c tng ln n 0.9 pu. Tm
gc ct ti hn.
Bi lm:
Chn cng sut nh mc ca my pht trong h n v tng i S = 1 00 pu.
Sc in ng u cc my pht:
E ' E jx 'd I 1 j 0,825

P jQ
1 j0
= 1 + j0,825
1 j 0,825
U
1

= 1.296 39,50 pu
t X1 =

Pmax during the fault

Pmax beforethe fault

Trc s c: P1 =

v X2=

Pmax after the fault

Pmax beforethe fault

E *U
1, 296*1
sin 0 =
sin 0 =1,57 sin 0
1
X 12
0,825

Trong khi s c: p 2 = 0 X1 = 0
Sau khi s c: p 3 =

X2 =

E *U
1, 296*1
sin ' =
sin ' =1,36 sin '
3
m
m
m
X 12
0,95

1,36
= 0,866
1,57

Gc ti thi im trc s c 0 l
P = Pmax sin 0

sin 0 =

P
1
=
= 0,637
P max 1,57
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Chapter 10_Electric Power System

0 = 39,530 hay 0,689rad

Gc ti thi im sau s c m l :

m = 900 + '
m
P
1
sin ' =
=
= 0,735 ' = 47,30
m
m
P max 1,36

m = 900 + 47,30

= 137,30 hay 2,395 rad

p dng cng thc:

cos c

1
sin 0 ( m 0 ) x2 cos m x1 cos 0
x2 x1

1
[ (2,395-0,689)sin 39,530 + 0,866*cos 137,30]
0,866

= 0,518
c 58, 8

Vy gc ct ti hn l 58,80
Bi 10.28
For the generator of Problem 10.15 (the kinetic energy stored in the rotor of a 50 MVA, 6-pole,
60 Hz synchronous machine is 200 MJ; the in put to the machine is 25 MW at a developed power of
22.5 MW), determine the rotor speed in revolutions per minute at the end of ten cycles.
Bi lm:
The per-unit inertia constant H is
KE ( stored )
200
H

4
machine rating in MVA 50
The corresponding angular momentum M is
G.H
50.4
s
s
M

0,0185( MJ .
) 1,06( MJ .
)
180.F 180.60
deg ree
rad
The accelerating power is
Pa = Pi - Pe = 25 22,5 = 2,5 (MW)
The power angle is

Pa
2,5

2,356(rad / s 2 )
M 1,06

Ten cycles are equivalent to

10 1
1
( s) ' 2,356. 0,393
60 6
6
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Chapter 10_Electric Power System

The rotor speed in revolutions per minute at the end of ten cycles: n=n1 +n2

n1

60. '
3,75(rev / min)
2

n2

60. f 60.60

1200(rev / min)
p
3

n 3,75 1200 1203,75(rev / min)

Bi 10. 29
A motor delivers 0.25 pu of its rated power while operating from an infinite bus. If the load on
the motor is suddenly double, determine m based on the equal-area criterion. Neglect all losses.
Mt ng c in a vo lm vic vi 0.25 pu ti nh mc ca n khi ang vn hnh ti
Bus v cng ln. Nu ti t ngt tng gp i, xc nh m da vo tiu chun cn bng din tch .
B qua tn tht.
Bi lm:
Khi ng c lm vic vi 0.25up ti nh mc.
Ta c:
P1 = 0.25 Pmax = Pmax Sin0
0= sin-1 0.25 = 140477 = 0.2526 ( rad )
Khi ti t ngt tng ln gp hai ln.
Ta c:
P2 = 0.5 Pmax = Pmax sin 1
1= sin-1 0.5 = 300 = 0.5236 ( rad )

c n nh dng phng php cn bng din tch, ta c:

A1 = A2
1

( p

pmax sin )d

( p

max

sin p2 )d

P2(1 - 0) + Pmax(cos1 - cos0) = - Pmax(cosm - cos1) - P2(m - 1)

P2(m - 0) + Pmax(cosm - cos0) = 0 (*)
Mt khc ta c: P2 = Pmax sin1
Th P2 vo (*) ta c :
m - 0) sin1 + cosm - cos0 = 0 (**)
Th:
0 = 0.2526 (rad) v 1= 0.5236 (rad) vo (**)
Ta c:
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Chapter 10_Electric Power System

(m - 0) 0.5 + cosm 0.9682 = 0

m + 2 cosm = 2.189 (***)
Phng trnh (***) l phng trnh phi tuyn, ta c th gii trong Matlab tm kt qu ca
gc m .
S dng hm fzero: X = fzero(fun, x0)
Trong :
x0 l gi tr chn hm hi t. (Chn x0 = 2).
fun l hm m t f(x)
f(x) = m + 2 cosm - 2.189
Trn hnh v cho thy gc lch m:
Theo () nm trong khong : 300 < m <1800
Theo (rad) nm trong khong: 0.5< m < 3.14
t m = x
Command Window. (Matlab)
f = (x + 2*cos(x) - 2.189);
x=fzero(f,2);
Kt qu trong Command Window.
x = 0.7795
Kt qu: m = x = 0.7795 (rad)
= 450
Kt lun: Gc lch m = 450 .
Bi tp 10.30:
The inertia constan M of o synchronous machine is 4.45x10-4 pu. The machine operates at a
steady-state power angle of 24.7o. Because of a fault, the power angle changes to a value given by
..

the swing equation 0.314 pu. Using the step-by-step algorithm, plot the swing curve and use it to
determine the maximum value of the power angle.
Bi lm:
P (0 )
d 2 ..
From (10.21), 2 (0)
M
dt
We have,
(0) 0.314 x10 (rad ) 565.2 o
..

P (0) Mx 565.2 x4.45x10 4 0.25

From (10.22), with t 0.05 s

r (1) 565.2 x0.05 28.26 o

From (10.23), r (1) 0 28.26 28.26 o
From (10.24), (1) 28.26 x0.05 1.413o
With ( 0) 24.7 0

(1) 24.7 0 1.413 26.1130

For the second interval, (10.29) and (10.31) to (10.35) give us
P1 2P (0) 0.5

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Chapter 10_Electric Power System

P1
0.5

1123.596 0
4
M 4.45 x10
r ( 2) 1123.596 x0.05 56.18o

r ( 2) r (1) r ( 2) 56.18 28.26 84.44 o

( 2) 84.44 x0.05 4.222 o

( 2) 26.1130 4.222 30.3350

Since and r do not change during succeeding intervals, we have

r (3) r ( 2) r (3) 84.44 56.18 140.62 0

(3) 140.62 x0.05 7.0310

(3) 30.335 7.031 37.336 0

In this way obtain the following table of values
T (s)
(degree)
0.0
24.700
0.05
26.113
0.10
30.335
0.15
37.336

T (s)
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40

(degree)
47.206
59.885
75.313
93.580
114.656

Finally, we have the maximum value of the power angle:

m 1800 1130 670
Bi 10.31:
The ABCD constants for the nomimal- II circuit representation of a transmission line are A = D
= 0.90.30, B = 82.5760 , and C = 0.0005900 S. What is the maximum power that can be
transmitted over the line without making the system unstable if |VS|
= |VR| = 110kV?
Bi gii:
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Chapter 10_Electric Power System

Mt ng dy truyn ti c chiu di bt k c th c biu din bi mng 4 cc vi cc

hng s nh sau:

Ta c:
VS AVR BI R
IR

VS AVR

B
B

Trong : A=|A| B=|B|

Gi s : VS=|VS| VR=|VR|0
IR

VS
B

( )

A VR
B

( )

Ta c:
PR jQ R VR I
*
R

PR

VS V R
B

VS V R
B

( )

cos( )

A VR
B

A VR
B

( )

cos( )

PR t cc i khi cos(-)=1 hay =

PR max

VS V R
B

Theo bi ta c:

A VR
B

cos( )

A = D = 0.90.30pu.

B = 82.5760 .
C = 0.0005900 S.
|VS|=|VR|=110 (kV)
=> PR max

110 *110 0.9 * (110)2

cos76 0 0.30 = 146.667 32.604 = 114.063(MW)

82.5
82.5

Vy cng sut pht cc i ln li m khng lm mt n nh h thng l P =114.063 MW.

Bi tp 10.32:
S cng sut gc ca ng dy trong bi tp 10.31 (s hnh ) khi ng dy c
biu din bi 2 trng hp:
a. ng dy tng ng mch ni tip.
b. ng dy ch c in khng mc ni tip.
Cho bit: VS VR 110KV . Xc nh cng sut cc i truyn trn ng dy trong 2
trng hp trn.
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Chapter 10_Electric Power System

Bi lm:
S hnh

Z
I

S
I

C S

C / 2 o r
Y / 2

C R

C / 2 o r
Y / 2

N e u t r a
1
A 1 Y .Z
2

1
C Y (1 YZ )
4

BZ

1
D 1 YZ
2

Dng cng sut ti mi im trn ng dy truyn ti c tnh ton da vo cc hng s

ABCD.

B B

A A

VS VS

VR VR 0 0

Ta c:

VS A.VR B.I R

(1)

I S C.VR D.I R

(2)

T (1) I R

VS
B

( )

Cng sut phc ti u nhn

S R PR jQ R

V R .VS
B

A .V R
B

( )

(3)

S R VR .I * R cho bi:
( )

A .V R
B

( )

(4)

V vy:

PR

VS .V R

QR

VS .V R

cos( )

A .V R

sin( )

A .V R

cos( )

(5)

sin( )

(6)

V theo bi: VS VR 110KV nn suy ra y l m hnh ng dy ngn (Y=0).

Lc ta c:
A = 1,

B = Z,

C = 0,

D = 1.

a. Trng hp ng dy c in tr R v in khng L ni tip.

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Chapter 10_Electric Power System

Tng tr: Z R jX ()
Mc khc Z B 82.576 0
Z 82.5(cos 76 0 j sin 76 0 )
Z 19.96 j80.05()

R =19.96 ,

X = 80.05

Cng sut truyn trn ng dy l:

PR
PR

110.110.10 6
1.110 2.10 6
cos(76 0 )
cos(76 0 0) (W)
82.5
82.5

cos( )

A . VR

VS .VR

cos( )

vi = 0

PR 146.66 cos(76 0 ) 35.48 (MW)

PRmax khi cos(760- ) = 1

Vy:

PRmax = 146.66 35.48 = 111.18 (MW)

b. Trng hp ng dy ch c cun khng mc ni tip

Lc B = Z = jX = j 80.05

B Z X 90 0 80.0590 0
Cng sut truyn trn ng dy l:

PR

VS . V R
X

cos(90 )
0

A VR
X

cos 90 0

110.110.10
1.110 2.10 6
0
PR
cos(90 )
cos 90 0 (W)
80.05
80.05

PR 151.16 sin

(MW)

PRmax = 151.16 (MW) khi = 900

Vy: PR max 151.16 (MW)
Bi tp 10.33:
The per-unit reactances for a given system are shown in Fig. 10-10. Unit power is being
delivered to the receiving-end bus of the system at unity power factor and unit voltage. A three-phase
short circuit occurs at F, the receiving end of one of the lines. Fine the critical clearing angle.
Cho h thng in vi cc gi tr tng tr c cho trong h n v tng i [pu] nh hnh 1010. Cng sut ti nt ngun l 1,0 [pu] tng ng vi in p l 1,0 [pu] v h s cng sut cos l
1. Gi s c ngn mch 3 pha ti im F cui ng dy L2. Hy xc nh gc ct gii hn n nh
cgh c lp s c ra khi h thng?

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Chapter 10_Electric Power System

j0.25

j0.2

j0.2

L1

U=10o (pu)
S=1 (pu)
Cos=1

j0.3
GE

L2

j0.25
T2

T1

F
Hnh: 10-10

Bi lm:
1. Thnh lp s tng ng trc s c, trong lc s c v sau khi c lp s s, tnh cc
tng tr tng h gia my pht v h thng:
a. Trc s c: Hnh 10-11
j0.25
j0.3
E

xF

j0.2

j0.25

xT1

U=10o (pu)
S=1 (pu)
Cos=1

j0.2

xL1

xT2

xL2

Hnh 10-11: Mch in thay th trc khi s c

Tng tr tng h gia my pht (E) v h thng trc s c:

xI xF xT 1 xL1 // xL 2 xT 2 j 0.3 j 0.2

j 0.25
j 0.2 j 0.825 ( pu)
2

b. Trong lc s c: Ngn mch 3 pha ti cui ng dy L2 (hnh 10-12)

Tng tr tng h gia my pht (E) v h thng trong s c:
I

E
xF

j 0.
+x

T1

+x

xII ( pu)

U=10o (pu)
62

2
j0.

xT2

L1 /
/

xL

Hnh 10-12: Mch in thay th lc s c ngn mch 3pha

c. Sau s c: ng dy L2 c c lp
j0.25
j0.3
E

xF

j0.2
I

xT1

xL1

j0.2

xT2

U=10o (pu)
S=1 (pu)
Cos=1

Hnh 10-13: Mch in thay th sau s c

Tng tr tng h gia my pht (E) v h thng (U) sau s c:

xIII xF xT 1 xL1 xT 2 j 0.3 j 0.2 j 0.25 j 0.2 j 0.95 ( pu)

2. Xc nh gc cng sut, c tnh gc cng sut trc s c, trong khi s c v sau s c: gi
thit E, U khng i trong sut cc qu trnh ny din ra
- Xc nh sc in ng E ca my pht:
.

E U I .( jx )
Page 15

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Chapter 10_Electric Power System

Ta c:
.

U 1.00 0 pu
suy ra
S 1.0 pu
cos 1.0

1
00 00 1.000 ( pu )
U
1

=> E 1 1x( j 0.825) 1 j 0.825 1.29639.5

( pu)

- Phng trnh cng sut tc dng trc khi c s c:

PI

E.U
1.296 x1
sin
sin 1.571sin ( pu )
xI
0.825

Vi cng sut ti S = 1.0 v cos =1.0:

PI 1.571sin I S. cos 1.1 1

sin I 0.6365 I 39.50
hay I 0.69 (rad )
- Phng trnh cng sut tc dng trong khi s c: Khi ngn mch 3 pha

xII

nn cng

sut tc dng PII 0 .

- Phng trnh cng sut tc dng sau s c:
PIII

E.U
1.296 x1
sin
sin 1.364 sin
xIII
0.95

( pu )

Vi cng sut ti S = 1.0 v cos =1.0:

PIII 1.364 sin II S. cos 1.1 1

sin III 0.733 III 47.150
hay III 0.823 (rad )
- Xc nh gc max: l gc b ca III (hnh 10-14)
max = - III = 3.14 0.823 = 2.317 (rad)
3. V ng cong c tnh cng sut c - in, tnh gc ct gii hn n nh cgh:

Trc s c PI

P[pu]
1.571

1.0

Sau s c PIII

1.364
a

A2
a

PT

Trong
s c PII

A1

I III cgh

max

Hnh 10-14: ng cong cng sut trc s c, trong s c

v sau s c ngn mch 3 pha ti F ca mt trong hai
ng dy vn hnh song song
Page 16

Bi tp_QTQ

Chapter 10_Electric Power System

Gc ct gii hn n nh cgh l gc cng sut c xc nh ti phn din tch tng tc Sabca

bng vi din tch hm tc Sade [hnh 10-14].
- Din tch tng tc: khi cng sut c ln hn cng sut in

A1 Sabca'

cgh

cgh

(P

PII )d

(1 0)d

cgh

0.69

(pu)

0.69

- Din tch hm tc: khi cng sut c nh hn cng sut in

A2 Sa'de

max

( P

III

PT )d

cgh

2.317

(1.364 sin 1)d

cgh

A2 (1.364 cos )

2.317

cgh

1.391 1.364 cos cgh cgh

(pu)

Cho 2 din tch ny bng nhau, A1 = A2: Ta s tm uc cgh

<=> cgh 0.69 = 1.391 + 1.364coscgh + cgh
<=> 1.364.Cos(cgh) = 0.701 vi Cos(cgh) = 0.514
=>
cgh = 1.031 (rad) hay cgh = 59o
Vy gc ct gii hn n nh l: = 59o
cgh

Bi tp 10.34:
A 50-MVA, 33kV, three-phase, Four-pole, 60Hz synchronous generator delivers 40MW of
power to an infinite bus through a total reactance of 0.55pu. Because of a sudden fault, the reactance
of the transmission line change to 0.5pu. The inertia constant of the machine 4.806MJ/MVA. Sketch
the swing currve during the fault, assuming that the voltage at the infinite bus is 1.0pu and that
behind the transient reactance is 1.05pu. The transient reactance of the machine is 0.4pu
Bi lm:
Chn SCB = 100MVA.

S=40-0j MVA=0.4-j0 pu
Sc in ng qu :
E ' E jx 'd I 1 j1,05

P jQ
0, 4 j 0
= 1 + j0,42
1 j1,05
U
1

= 1,08522,780 pu
Vi X1 =

Pmax during the fault

Pmax beforethe fault

v X2=

Pmax after the fault

Pmax beforethe fault

Cng sut trc s c:

E ' *U
1, 085*1
P =
sin 0 =
sin 0 =1,142 sin 0
1
X 12
0,95
1

Cng sut trong khi s c:

p 2 = 0 X1 = 0
Cng sut sau khi s c:
Page 17

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Chapter 10_Electric Power System

E ' *U
1, 085*1
sin ' =
sin ' =1,205 sin '
p =
3
m
m
m
X 12
0,90
3

X2 =

1, 205
= 1,055
1,142

Gc ti thi im trc s c 0 l
T P = Pmax sin 0 sin 0 =

P
0, 4
=
= 0,350 0 = 20,50 =0,376 rad
P max 1,142

Gc ti thi im sau s c m l :

m = 900 + '
m
P
0, 4
sin ' =
=
= 0,332 ' = 19,390 = 0,338 rad
m
m
P max 1, 205

m = 900 + 19,390 = 109,390 = 1,909 rad

p dng cng thc

cos c

1
sin 0 ( m 0 ) x2 cos m x1 cos 0 =
x2 x1

1
[ (1,909-0,338)sin 20,50 + 1,055*cos 109,390] = 0,181
1, 055

Gc ct ti hn l c= 79,60
Ta c: M

GH
0,5*4,806

2, 225*104 pu
180 f
180*60

T cng thc (10.26) Pa (0 )

0.4 0.0
0.2
2

Pa (0 )
0.2
T cng thc (10.21) (0 )
989 0/s
4
M 2, 225*10

Vi t=0,05s r(1)=(0+) t =989*0,05=49,45 0/s

T cng thc (10.23): r= 0+ r

r(1)= 0 +49,45=49,45 0/s

p dng cng thc (10.24): (1)= r(1)t (1)= 49,45*0,05=2,470

Vi 0 = 20,50 (1)= 20,50 + 2,470= 22.970
T cng thc (10.29) Pa(1)= 0,4 - 0.0 = 0,4 pu
T cng thc (10.31) (1)

0, 4
1798 0/s
4
2, 225*10

T cng thc (10.32): r(n) =(n-1) t r(2)=1798*0,05=89,90

Page 18

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Chapter 10_Electric Power System

r(2)= r(1)+ r(2)= 49,45 + 89,9=139,350
(2)= r(2)t=139,35*0,05=6,970
(2)= (1)+ (2)= 22,970 + 6,970= 29.940

T =1798 0/s v r= 89,90 khng thay i ta c:

r(3)= r(2)+ r(3)= 139,35 + 89,9=229,250
(3)= r(3)t=229,25*0,05=11,460
(3)= (2)+ (3)= 29,940 + 11,460= 41,40
r(4)= r(3)+ r(4)= 229,25 + 89,9=319,150
(4)= r(4)t=319,15*0,05=15,960
(4)= (3)+ (4)= 41,40 + 15,960= 57,360
r(5)= r(4)+ r(5)= 319,15 + 89,9=409,050
(5)= r(5)t=409,05*0,05=20,450
(5)= (4)+ (5)= 57,360 + 20,450= 77,810
r(6)= r(5)+ r(6)= 409,05 + 89,9=498,950
(6)= r(6)t=498,95*0,05=24,950
(6)= (5)+ (6)= 77,810 + 24,950= 102,760
t (s)

(degrees)

t (s)

(degrees)

0,00

20,5

0,20

57,36

0,05

22,97

0,25

77,81

0,10

29,94

0,30

102,76

0,15

41,4

Page 19

Bi tp_QTQ

Chapter 10_Electric Power System

Bi tp 10.35:
Trong mt nh my in, hai my pht ng b dao ng vi nhau. Hng s qun tnh ca hai
my pht l H1 v H2, cng sut nh mc ca chng l S1 v S2 n v l MVA, cng sut c u
vo tnh theo n v tng i cho hai my l Pm1, Pm2, v Pe1,Pe2, l cng sut in pht ra bi hai
my. t c mt phng trnh dao ng cn bng cho h thng hai my theo quan im hng
s qun tnh c tham chiu n mt dng chun, s tn s ng b n v tng i tnh bng
rad/s, tn s li in trong n v tng i tnh bng rad/s, v gi tr cng sut c cho trong n
v tng i.
Tm tc:
Hng s qun tnh: H1, H2
Cng sut nh mc: S1,S2
Cng sut c ng vo: Pm1v Pm2
Cng sut in ng ra: Pe1, Pe2
Tn s gc ng b:s
Thnh lp phng trnh dao ng 2 my
Phng trnh dao ng c vit cho 2 my:

M1

d 21
Pm1 Pe1
dt 2

(1)

d 2 2
M2
Pm 2 Pe 2
(2)
dt 2
Trong : 1 , 2 : gc cng sut ca my ng b 1 v 2
Trong :
M1

S1 H 1
,
f

M2

S2 H 2
f

Do xt trong n v tng i, nn:

M1

H1
,
f

M2

H2
f

(*)

Thay th (*) vo cc cng thc (1) v (2), ta c th vit nh sau:

H 1 d 2 1
Pm1 Pe1
f dt 2

pu

(3)

H 2 d 2 2
Pm 2 P
f dt 2

pu

(4)

Khi cc my ng b vi nhau:
1 = 1 =
=> 1 2

(**)

Trong : : gc quan h gia 2 trc rotor.

Page 20

Bi tp_QTQ

Chapter 10_Electric Power System

Thay th (**) vo cc cng thc (3,4) ri cng li:

H 1 H 2

Pm1 Pm 2 ( Pe1 Pe 2 )

f
f

(5)

V th, t (5), ta c phng trnh dao ng :

1
H1 H 2 Pm1 Pm2 ( Pe1 Pe 2 )
. f
=>

H 1 H 2 Pm1 Pm2 ( Pe1 Pe 2 )

Trong : s = 2f
Bi tp 10.36:
During a fault lasting 0.05s the swing equation for 60Hz maching was. For per-unit values.

5
3

0 t 0.05s

The initial power angle was 0.418 rad. When the fault was cleared, the developed electrical
power became 2.46Sin per-unit.
Detemine:
a.

The maximum power angle.

b.

Whether or not the machine remaind stable.

Bi lm:
a.

The maximum power angle

Pe
PmaxSin

Pmt

A2

A1

Pm
0
Ta c:

5
t
3

max

5
ly tch phn theo t
3
0 t 0.05

5 2
t 0
6
Ti thi in t = 0,05s, gc cng sut l:
Ly tch phn ln 2:

Page 21

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Chapter 10_Electric Power System

5 2
5
t 0
0, 052 0, 418 0, 425 rad 24,350
6
6

Vy:

max t 3.14 0.425 2,715 rad 155,6 1560

b.

Whether or not the machine remaind stable?

Pe
PmaxSin

Pmt

A2

A1

Pm
0

Khi s c kt thc, din tch tng tc A1 l:

t

S A1 ( Pmt Pmax Sin )d Pmt .

0

t
0

Pmax .Cos

t
0

Pmt ( t 0 ) Pmax (Cos t Cos 0 )

Pmax 2, 46

0
Vi: Cos 0 Cos24 0,913

0
Cos t Cos24,35 0,911
P =P Sin 2, 46Sin24,350 1, 014
t
mt max

Thay vo trn ta c:
S A1 1,014.(0, 425 0, 418) 2, 46.(0,911 0,913) 0,0022
Din tch hm tc A2:
1

S A2 ( Pmax Sin Pmt )d Pmax .Cos

t

1
t

Pmt

1
t

Pmax (Cos t Cos1 ) Pmt (1 t )

Pm1 2, 46 Sin24,350 1, 014

1 t 3,14 0, 425 2, 715 rad

Vi: t 0, 425 rad

rad
Cos1 Cos 2, 716 0,911
Cos Cos24,350 0,911
t

Thay vo trn ta c:

S A2 2, 46.(0,911 0,911) 1,014.(2,715 0, 425) 2,16

Kt lun: Din tch tng tc nh hn din tch hm tc ( S A1 0,0022 S A2 2,16 ) vy h
thng vn n nh sau s c
Bi tp 10.37:
Calculate the critical clearing time in cycles for machine of problem 10.36.
Page 22

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Chapter 10_Electric Power System

Bi lm:
Pe

PmaxSin

Pmax
A2
Pm
A1
0

max

d 2 H
Pm Pe
Phng trnh dao ng rotor:
dt 2 f
Khi xy ra s c ngn mch cng sut in (Pe = 0), phng trnh trn vit li:

d 2 H
Pm
dt 2 f

d 2
f
Pm
2
dt
H
Tnh tch phn 2 ln theo t:

Hay

f
2H

f
2H

Pmtc 2 0

Pmtc 2 0

Thi gian ct ti hn tc

2 H ( c 0)

fPm

(1)

Tnh gc ct ti hn c:
h thng n nh, theo phng php cn bng din tch, din tch tng tc A1 bng din tch
hm tc A2 :
c

A1 ( Pm 0)d Pm ( c 0 )
0

A2

max

( Pmax Sin Pm )d

Pmax (Cos c Cos max ) Pm ( max c )

H thng n nh A1= A2

Pm ( c 0 ) Pmax (Cos c Cos max ) Pm ( max c )

Cos c
Vi:

Pm
( max 0 ) Cos max
Pmax

max 0 3.14 0.418 2.722 rad = 1560

Trong gc lch ban u 0 = 0,418 rad 0 = 240 , H = 3 v Pmax = 2,46

Pm Pmax sin 0 = 2,46 Sin 24 1
Page 23

Bi tp_QTQ

Cos c

Chapter 10_Electric Power System

1
(2, 722 0, 418) Cos156 0.023
2, 46

c 88,680 1,55 rad

Thay vo cng thc (1) ta c: tc

2 H ( c o )
2 x3(1,55 0, 418)

0,19 s
fPm
3,14 x60 x1

Vy thi gian ct tnh ti hn theo chu k: tc 0,19 x60 11, 4 Cycles

Bi tp 10.38:
Rework problem 10.36 using a numerical methol
10.36 During a fault lasting 0.05s . the swing equation for a 60-Hz maching was, for
per-unit values
5
0
3
The initial power angle was 0.418 rad. When the fault was cleared, the developed
electrical power became 2.46sin per unit. Determine (a) the maximum power angle (b)
whether or not the machine remained stable
10.37: Calculate the critical clearing time in cycles for machine of Problem 10.36
Bi lm:
a)p dng phng php R-K 2 bc cho hm s

In t = 0;
With t = 0.05 s

1
2

1 0 (k1 k2 )
k1 f(x0 , y0 )x 0.418 0.05 0.0209

5
k2 f(x 0 x, y 0 k1 )x (0.418 0.0209)
(0 0.05) 0.05 0.035
3

1
1
1 0 (k1 k2 ) 0.418 (0.0209 0.035) 0.446
2
2
max t 3.14 0.446 2.694 rad 154.350
b)
Pe

Calculate the critical clearing angle:

PmaxSin

A2
Pm
A1
0

max

Page 24

Bi tp_QTQ

Chapter 10_Electric Power System

A1 ( Pm 0)d Pm ( c 0 )
0

A2

max

( Pmax Sin Pm )d

Pmax (Cos c Cos max ) Pm ( max c )

For stability, we must have area A1 = area A2
Pm ( c 0 ) Pmax (Cos c Cos max ) Pm ( max c )

Cos c

Pm
( max 0 ) Cos max
Pmax

0
With: max 154.35 2.694rad

0 = 23.950 , H = 3 v Pmax = 2,46

Pm Pmax sin 0 = 2,46 Sin 23.95 1

Cos c

1
(2, 711 0, 418) Cos(155.635o ) 0.023
2, 46

c 88,680 1,55 rad

Now we plot the swing curve for the machine
From (10.21), (10.26)
1.0 3
M
2.77 104
180 60
Pa (1) 1.0 0.0 1.0

1.0
3610o / s 2
4
2.77 10
From (10.34)
(2) (25.56 23.95) 3610 0.052 10.64o / s
(1)

From (10.35)
(2) 23.95 10.64 34.59o
Same as, we obtain the following table of values
t(s)
(o)
0.0
23.95
0.05
25.56
0.10
34.59
From table of values, we plot:

t(s)
0.15
0.20
0.25

(o)
54.255
82.945
120.66

Page 25

Bi tp_QTQ
From

Chapter 10_Electric Power System

c 88, 680 . For this critical clearing angle, from fig gives tc= 0.209 s. Hence the fault

must be cleared within 60 x 0.209 = 12.54 cycles.

Page 26