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    Experiment 9 (Classification Tests For Hydroxy and Carbonyl Hydrocarbon Derivatives)

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    cream o
    This document provides an overview of common chemical tests used to classify hydroxyl and carbonyl containing hydrocarbon derivatives. It describes tests such as the Lucas test, chromic acid test, 2,4-DNPH test, Fehling's test, Tollen's test, and Iodoform test. Each test is used to differentiate between specific functional groups like alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and identify the presence of carbonyl or oxidizable carbons. A table is included that lists example compounds and their expected results for each classification test.

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    Experiment 9 (Classification Tests For Hydroxy and Carbonyl Hydrocarbon Derivatives)

    Uploaded by

    cream o
    22 views22 pages
    This document provides an overview of common chemical tests used to classify hydroxyl and carbonyl containing hydrocarbon derivatives. It describes tests such as the Lucas test, chromic acid test, 2,4-DNPH test, Fehling's test, Tollen's test, and Iodoform test. Each test is used to differentiate between specific functional groups like alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and identify the presence of carbonyl or oxidizable carbons. A table is included that lists example compounds and their expected results for each classification test.

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    Organic Chemistry Laboratory UST

    Original Title

    Experiment 9 (Classification Tests for Hydroxy and Carbonyl Hydrocarbon Derivatives)

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    This document provides an overview of common chemical tests used to classify hydroxyl and carbonyl containing hydrocarbon derivatives. It describes tests such as the Lucas test, chromic acid test, 2,4-DNPH test, Fehling's test, Tollen's test, and Iodoform test. Each test is used to differentiate between specific functional groups like alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and identify the presence of carbonyl or oxidizable carbons. A table is included that lists example compounds and their expected results for each classification test.

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    22 views22 pages

    Experiment 9 (Classification Tests For Hydroxy and Carbonyl Hydrocarbon Derivatives)

    Uploaded by

    cream o
    This document provides an overview of common chemical tests used to classify hydroxyl and carbonyl containing hydrocarbon derivatives. It describes tests such as the Lucas test, chromic acid test, 2,4-DNPH test, Fehling's test, Tollen's test, and Iodoform test. Each test is used to differentiate between specific functional groups like alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and identify the presence of carbonyl or oxidizable carbons. A table is included that lists example compounds and their expected results for each classification test.

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    of 22

    CLASSIFICATION TEST

    FOR HYDROXYL AND CARBONYL


    CONTAINING HYDROCABON
    DERIVATIVES

    HYDROXYL CONTAINING
    HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES

    CHARACTERISTIC OF THE -CARBON


    AND ACIDITY OF ALCOHOLS

    SOLUBILITY OF ALCOHOLS IN WATER

    Polar hydroxyl group


    Non-polar/hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain
    #C, hydrophobic, polar, soluble in H2O
    branched, hydrophobic, soluble in H2O

    Solubility in water:

    30 > 20 > 10 >

    NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION OF
    ALCOHOLS

    CARBONYL CONTAINING
    HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES

    OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS AND


    ALDEHYDES

    No rxn

    No rxn

    LUCAS TEST
    Differentiating test for 10, 20 and 30 ROH
    Based on SN1 reaction
    Lucas Reagent:
    ZnCl2 in HCl

    CHROMIC ACID TEST


    (JONES OXIDATION TEST)
    Differentiating test for oxidizable carbons

    No Reaction

    CHROMIC ACID TEST


    (JONES OXIDATION TEST)

    2,4-DNPH TEST
    Test for presence of carbonyl group
    formation of hydrazone

    Reagent: 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine

    Can be used to differentiate aromatic and


    aliphatic carbonyl containing organic compound
    Aromatic: red orange ppt
    Aliphatic yellow orange ppt

    2,4-DNPH TEST

    2,4-DNPH TEST

    FEHLINGS TEST
    Test for oxidizable carbon
    Differentiating test for RCOH and R1COR2

    Components:
    Fehlings A: CuSO4(aq)
    Fehlings B: potassium sodium tartrate, NaOH

    No rxn

    FEHLINGS TEST

    TOLLENS (SILVER MIRROR) TEST


    Test for oxidizable carbon
    Reduction of Ag+ to Ag

    No rxn

    TOLLENS (SILVER MIRROR) TEST

    IODOFORM TEST
    Test for methyl carbonyl
    Enolate formation of methyl carbonyl group
    Reagent: 10% KI/NaClO

    IODOFORM TEST

    Test Sample
    n-butyl alcohol
    sec-butyl alcohol
    tert-butyl alcohol
    acetaldehyde

    n-butyraldehyde
    benzaldehyde
    acetone
    acetophenone
    Isopropyl alcohol

    Lucas Test

    Chromic Acid Test

    2,4-DNPH Test

    Test Sample
    n-butyl alcohol
    sec-butyl alcohol
    tert-butyl alcohol
    acetaldehyde

    n-butyraldehyde
    benzaldehyde
    acetone
    acetophenone
    Isopropyl alcohol

    Fehlings Test

    Tollens Test

    Iodoform Test

    THANK YOU

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