More Commands 902

Help dir
Help chkdsk
/?
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Chkdsk /f (to fix)

Chkdsk /r (to recover)

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Xcopy Syntax Example: xcopy /s Documents e:

Tasklist
Taskkill

Examples:
Taskkill /IM notepad.exe
Taskkill /PID 1234
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Shutdown:
Shutdown /s /t nn (wait in seconds then shutdown)
Shutdown /r /t nn (Restart)
Shutdown /a (Abort)
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Gpudate, gpresult.
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The Windows Recovery Command Prompt

Starting the console: You will need the installation media
(Installation DVD),restart your computer to get into the BIOS to
change the Boot Sequence to CD/DVD, press F2, then hit any key as
if you were to make a new installation but choose: REPAIR!
Restart the PC as if you were to perform a new installation but instead of
installing you will choose: REPAIR YOUR COMPUTER

Fixing the MBR:

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Fixing the Partition Boot Sector:

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Rebuilding the Boot Configuration Data (BCD):

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Missing GUI:

Start in VGA Mode (Press F8 for startup options)

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MOUNTING DRIVES

Extend available storage space (mounts a separate storage device as a

Folder)
Instant Storage space
1) Create Partition (2 GB) and format it (new Simple Vol)
2) Right click volume: Change Drive Letters and Path
3) On New Window click add and browse for your folder (located for
example in Documents) (Users\Administrator\Documents), create a
new Folder and name it Pegasus.

Basic Disks in Windows 8, 7, Vista or XP:

A Basic disk uses the normal partition tables found in MS-DOS and Windows. The
volumes contained on a basic disk will be basic volumes, such as primary and extended
partitions, and logical drives. Basic disks may also contain multi-disk volumes created
by Windows NT 4.0 and earlier (volume sets, stripe and mirror sets, and stripe sets with
parity). Windows XP and higher will not support these types of multi-disk basic volumes.
With these versions of Windows, prior to installing Windows, make sure to back up all
data on the hard drive and convert the disk into a dynamic disk.
Dynamic Disks in Windows 8, 7, Vista or XP:
Not every Operating System (OS) supports Dynamic disks. Dynamic disks are only
supported by Windows XP, Vista Ultimate, Vista Enterprise, Windows 7 and Windows 8.
Windows XP Home Edition does not support dynamic disks. Dynamic disks contain
simple volumes, spanned volumes, striped volumes, mirrored volumes, and RAID-5
volumes. Dynamic storage allows a user to perform disk and volume management
without having to restart Windows.
General Information

On a basic disk, a partition is a portion of the disk that functions as a physically

separate unit. On a dynamic disk, storage is divided into volumes instead of
partitions.

Storage types are separate from the file system type; a basic or dynamic disk
can contain any combination of FAT16, FAT32, and NTFS partitions or volumes.

Windows XP Professional accommodates both basic and dynamic storage. A

disk system can contain any combination of storage types. However, all partitions or
volumes on the same disk must use the same storage type (Basic or Dynamic).

Dynamic Storage Terms:

A volume is a storage unit made from free space on one or more disks. It can be
formatted with a file system and assigned a drive letter. Volumes on dynamic disks
can have any of the following layouts: simple, spanned, mirrored, striped, or RAID-5.

A simple volume uses free space from a single disk. It can be a single region on a
disk or consist of multiple, concatenated regions. A simple volume can be extended
within the same disk or onto additional disks. If a simple volume is extended across
multiple disks, it becomes a spanned volume.

A spanned volume is created from free disk space that is linked together from
multiple disks. You can extend a spanned volume onto a maximum of 32 disks. A
spanned volume cannot be mirrored and is not fault-tolerant.

A striped volume is a volume whose data is interleaved across two or more physical
disks. The data on this type of volume is allocated alternately and evenly to each of

the physical disks. A striped volume cannot be mirrored or extended and is not faulttolerant. Striping is also known as RAID-0.

A mirrored volume is a fault-tolerant volume whose data is duplicated on two

physical disks. All of the data on one volume is copied to another disk to provide data
redundancy. If one of the disks fails, the data can still be accessed from the
remaining disk. A mirrored volume cannot be extended. Mirroring is also known as
RAID-1.

A RAID-5 volume is a fault-tolerant volume whose data is striped across an array of

three or more disks. Parity (a calculated value that can be used to reconstruct data
after a failure) is also striped across the disk array. If a physical disk fails, the portion
of the RAID-5 volume that was on that failed disk can be re-created from the
remaining data and the parity. A RAID-5 volume cannot be mirrored or extended.

The system volume contains the hardware-specific files that are needed to load
Windows (for example, Ntldr, Boot.ini, and Ntdetect.com). The system volume can
be, but does not have to be, the same as the boot volume.

The boot volume contains the Windows operating system files that are located in the
%Systemroot% and %Systemroot%\System32 folders. The boot volume can be, but
does not have to be, the same as the system volume.