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Lec. 18 Heat Transf PDF
Lec. 18 Heat Transf PDF
1.
2.
3.
4.
To Coolant
Hot
exhaust
Total
fuel
energy
input
Incomplete
combustion
Indicated output
Useful energy output
(Brake power)
Misc. loss
Piston friction
Total
friction
4
6
8
BMEP (bar)
10
10
~7 mm
Not to scale
(~480oK)
Tg(intake)
(~320oK)
(~360oK)
11
Q Ah g ( T g Twg )
Q A (Twg Twc )
tw
Turbulent convection: wall to coolant
.
Q Ah c ( Twc T c )
Q Ah ( T g T c )
h hg
hc
alum
~180 W/m-k
cast iron ~ 60 W/m-k
stainless steel ~18 W/m-k)
12
Nu
hL
a (Re) 0 . 8
Q
rad Tparticle
Qrad
rad, max
0.2Qtotal
0.4Q
total, max
(cycle cum)
(peak value)
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Heat transfer
Burned zone: sum over area wetted Q
b
by burned gas
Unburned zone: sum over area
wetted by unburned gas
h (Tb Tw,i )
ci,b b
A h (T T )
Q
ci,u u u w,i
u
i
Note: Burned zone heat flux >> unburned zone heat flux
16
Fig. 14-9 5.7 L displacement, 8 cylinder engine at WOT, 2500 rpm; fuel equivalence
ratio 1.1; GIMEP 918 kPa; specific fuel consumption 24 g/kW-hr.
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18
Heat transfer as %
of fuel energy
0.8N0.8
1/N
BMEP-0.2N-0.2
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Fig. 12-13 Measured surface heat fluxes at different locations in cylinder head and
liner of naturally aspirated 4-stroke DI diesel engine. Bore=stroke=114mm; 2000
rpm; overall fuel equivalence ratio = 0.45.
20
10
21
11
Fig. 12-4 Heat outflow form various zones of piston as percentage of heat flow in
from combustion chamber. High-speed DI diesel engine, 125 mm bore, 110 mm
stroke, CR=17
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Figure 12-19
Isothermal contours (solid lines) and heat flow paths (dashed lines) determined from measured
temperature distribution in piston of high speed DI diesel engine. Bore 125 mm, stroke 110
mm, rc=17, 3000 rev/min, and full load
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12
Thermal stress
Simple 1D example : column constrained at ends
Stress-strain relationship
T1
T2>T1 induces
compression
stress
x=[x-(y+z)]/E + (T2-T1)
Example of Thermal
Stress Analysis:
Piston Design
Thermal-Stress-Only
Loading Structural Analysis
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Magnitude of heat transfer from the burned gas much greater than in
any phase of cycle
2. Heat transfer is a significant performance loss and affects engine
operation
Loss of available energy
Volumetric efficiency loss
Effect on knock in SI engine
Effect on mixture preparation in SI engine cold start
Effect on diesel engine cold start
3. Convective heat transfer depends on gas temperature, heat transfer
coefficient, which depends on charge motion, and transfer area,
which depends on flame/combustion chamber geometry
4. Radiative heat transfer is smaller than convective one, and it is only
significant in diesel engines
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