Downhill mountain biking (DH) is a genre of mountain biking practiced on steep, rough

terrain that often features jumps, drops, rock gardens and other obstacles.
Downhill bikes are heavier and stronger than other mountain bikes and feature front and rear
suspension with over 8 inches (200mm) or (20 cm) of travel, to glide quickly over rocks and
tree roots. In competitive races, a continuous course is defined on each side by a strip of tape.
Depending on the format, riders have a single or double attempt to reach the finish line as fast
as possible, while remaining between the two tapes designating the course. Riders must
choose their line by compromising between the shortest possible line and the line that can be
traveled at the highest speed. If a rider leaves the course by crossing or breaking the tape they
must return to the course at the point of exit, unless they do not gain a time advantage from
crossing the tape, in which case they can continue with their run.
Riders start at intervals, often seeded from slowest to fastest, and courses typically take two
to five minutes to complete with winning margins being often less than a second. Riders are
timed with equipment similar to that used in downhill skiing.[1]

Contents

1 History of competitive racing

2 Notable downhill racing venues

o 2.1 Australia
o 2.2 Austria
o 2.3 Bosnia and Herzegovina
o 2.4 Canada
o 2.5 Croatia
o 2.6 France
o 2.7 Georgia
o 2.8 Germany
o 2.9 India
o 2.10 Ireland
o 2.11 Italy
o 2.12 Norway

o 2.13 Portugal
o 2.14 Russia
o 2.15 Slovenia
o 2.16 South Africa
o 2.17 Sweden
o 2.18 Switzerland
o 2.19 Thailand
o 2.20 United Kingdom
o 2.21 United States
o 2.22 Venezuela

3 Governing bodies

4 References

5 External links

History of competitive racing

The 1st downhill time-trial race took place in Fairfax, California on October 21, 1976 on a
fireroad now referred to as Repack Road,[2][3][4] due to the need to repack the hub brake(s)[5]
after a descent. The bikes used were based on cruiser bicycles that had Drum brake(s) or a
single rear coaster brake that worked by pedalling backwards. A mechanism came into
operation causing a conical metal (bronze?) brake shoe to be wound on a thread into a conical
metal hub. To prevent a metal to metal brake from snatching it was always filled with grease.
Heavy use of the brake during the descent would cause the brake to over heat, melting the
grease till it drained from the hub and required repacking. Ten riders descended 1,300 feet
(400 m) of Repack in about 5 minutes.[6]
The first bikes used for descending were known as "klunkers" or "paperboy bikes": cruisers
using balloon tires and coaster brakes, a sturdy bicycle, designed by Ignatz Schwinn[7] in the
depths of the Great Depression, that could endure abuse that could damage other bicycles, by
changing features from the Henderson and Excelsior motorcycles his company had built
during the 1920s, including a heavy "cantilevered" frame with two top tubes and 2.125-inchwide (54.0 mm) "balloon" tires from Germany. Innovations like the fat-tire Schwinn with
derailleur gears by Russ Mahon[5] of The Morrow Dirt Club in Cupertino at the 1974 Marin
County cyclo-cross and Gary Fisher's[5] 1975 use of a tandem rear hub (from a flea market)
with internal steel drum brake and threaded for a freewheel derailleur cluster developed the
sport and by 1979, two organizers and competitors of the Repack downhill, Charlie Kelly[5]

and Gary Fisher founded the company which named the sport, MountainBikes.[8] As
mountain biking grew enormously during the 80s, downhill riders continued to use either
rigid or limited suspension travel (under 2 inches (5 cm)) bicycles, and purpose made
downhill bikes were not made until the 90s. Some of these innovations included dual crown
suspension forks and disc brakes, as well as very elaborate frame suspension designs.
Later, riders from all disciplines of cycling began focusing on downhill. Particularly, many
BMX racers made the crossover, including champions such as Daniel Solano (Team Tomac
Bikes), and Brian Lopes. Their influence is seen in the increased difficulty of many courses,
especially the big jumps and drops aspect of downhill. The coming of age for downhill biking
was its inclusion at the first UCI Mountain Bike Championship, held in 1990 in Durango,
Colorado.

Notable downhill racing venues

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Shuttle service at Interbike 2007.

Many ski areas are converted into biking venues in the summer[9] (such as Whistler Mountain
Bike Park and Fernie Alpine Resort) however there are also many other hills with Downhill
Mountain Bike trails built on them. Bikers ride gondolas, trams or chair lifts to the starting
point at the top of the mountains. Another method commonly referred to as "Shuttling", uses
motorized vehicles to transport multiple riders to the top of the hill. Normally utility vehicles
or 4WD's are driven up off-road tracks to the top of the courses. However, some tracks
provide access to ordinary cars - such as Kuranda Downhill in Cairns, which runs down the
Smithfield side of the Macalister Range and uses the road as access.
Urban Downhill race courses are beginning to set a new trend in the off season of the
Summer sport. There are also forms of urban indoor downhill events that take place in
indoor/outdoor malls with jump features and technical formats for spectating. Most often the
theme has been aimed at creating tracks through city streets and sidewalks with ample
spectating spots. Urban racing has taken a large rise in notoriety as well as developing a
larger fan base in the southern hemispheres. The Taxco Downhill event located in Taxco
Mexico has come to be one of the most notable venues for the Urban Race scene.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aiig-MguNHI
Courses used in competition typically feature several "lines" through or around the most
difficult obstacles. For example, the "A line" might be a very direct line with a large jump

landing on rocks, the "B line" might be a smaller jump with a clear landing, and the "C line"
might completely avoid the obstacles, but be much longer.

Australia
Main article: Mountain biking in Australia
Despite being the flattest continent on Earth, Australia has produced a large number of
internationally successful downhill racers, including Sam Hill, Chris Kovarik, Nathan Rennie
and Mick Hannah.
The large majority of Australian downhill riding and racing is accessed by shuttling in cars,
buses or by walking to the top of the track (push runs), however the venues at Mount Buller
and Thredbo provide lift accessed tracks during the snow less summer months.
Mount Stromlo, which is near the capital Canberra, hosted a World Cup Round in August
2008 and the 2009 World Championships.
Australia's first UCI Mountain Bike World Cup was held Cairns in 1994-1995. followed by
the World Mountain Bike Championships in 1996, placing Cairns on the map as the premier
Australian mountain bike destination.

Austria
Located right in the Alps this country has a lot of places for downhill riding. A large majority
of Austria's downhill tracks are accessible via lift shuttles. A World Cup track called the
"Planai" is located in the city of Schladming. It is about 5 km long with an average descent
grade of about 35%.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina is rich with mountains especially around the capital city of Sarajevo,
in which a downtown race is held, although MTB and downhill especially are still developing
to become known sports in Bosnia and Herzegovina, there are more and more riders which
use mountains like Igman, Bjelanica and others for downhill racing. Currently there are few
tracks on Trebevi, Igman, Bjelanica, Cavljak - Barice, all featured tournaments on
international level. UXO's are one of the reasons for slow development of this sport in a
country with a such great potential for it.

Canada
Canada is famous for its downhill racing as well as other sorts of mountain biking. The
Whistler Mountain Bike Park in Whistler, British Columbia hosts the annual Crankworx and
Joyride Huckfest racing events. The province of British Columbia is also home to several
other large lift-serviced mountain bike parks, including Sun Peaks in Kamloops, BC, Silver
Star Mountain Resort in Vernon, BC, Kicking Horse Mountain Resort in Golden, BC and
Fernie Alpine Resort. The North Shore Mountains of North Vancouver, BC, are a famous
downhill biking destination in their own right. The popular style of technical downhill
freeriding that involves many man-made trail elements originated here. The style is often

referred to as "North Shore Style." Canada has produced many world-class mountain bike
racers, including downhillers Andrew Shandro and Steve Smith. The mount of Bromont,
situated in Bromont, Quebec, and Mont-Sainte-Anne near Quebec City are great places for
downhill biking.

Croatia
Downhill MTB races have been held in Croatia since 1993, when the first competition was
organized outside Zagreb, on the same mountain that today hosts the world cup races in
alpine skiing. Mountain biking has been consequently banished from popular hiking trails
and ski slopes arount the capital, however the art of MTB DH riding flourished in other parts
of Croatia, especially in the northern Adriatic coastal region and in northern (continental) part
of country. In 2010 the national DH Cup events were held in Buzet (Istria), Samobor (Zagreb
area), Pakrac (Slavonia) and Gracisce (Pazin, Istria). Urban DH events are being held in the
coastal city of Rijeka.

France
The French Alps are home to many downhill routes[10] and events. The most famous of which
is the Mega Avalanche downhill race event in the Alp d'Huez and Bourg d'Oisans region.
Another downhill course in the region is Les Deux Alpes which sometimes hosts other
downhill events. The downhill courses and events are limited in the area however, because of
the alpine winter and snow. The most popular area for downhill in the French alps is the
Portes du Soleil including the two more popular resorts of Morzine and Les Gets. Most
recently, a world cup was held for the first time in La Bresse. In August 2011, La Bresse
hosted the sixth round of the UCI World Cup.

Georgia
In Georgia is there MTB Downhill trail since 2015. First they build in Gudauri and after few
weeks they build in Bakuriani too. Both of the places are skiing resorts. Trails are on 2000
2250 meters. Length of the trail is about 5000 meters.

Germany
In Germany the landscape is quite diverse, reaching from flatlands in the north to mediumsized mountains in the center to alpine mountains in the south. Downhill tracks in Germany
are not as steep as in Switzerland, Austria or Canada and the difference from top to bottom is
less, but the main parts of an average track are everywhere in Germany. Racing on these short
tracks is highly intense and allows no mistakes. Due to the country's large population the
sport has developed quickly in Germany. Number of riders can go up to 600 at races. With 3
cup races, Thuringia, in the middle of Germany, is the center of gravity riding. The most
popular race series is the 'iXS German Downhill Cup'. In Germany is the Europe's biggest
Mountainbike Freeride Festival hold, called iXS Dirt Masters. It includes one iXS German
Downhill Cup Round, a 4X Race and a slopestyle contest. It is visited by around 25000
spectators and 1200 riders. In the small town Willingen is a former World Cup Downhill and
Four Cross Race Course. The World Cup has been held there in 2005 and 2006. With
Germany being a high level industry country, there are many firms producing downhill bikes,
such as Last Bikes, Zonenschein, Fusion Bikes, Cube Bikes, Ghost Bikes, Canyon Bikes,

Propain Bikes, Rose Bikes, Solid Bikes or luxury downhill bike manufacturer Nicolai. There
are also a lot of firms producing high-end parts like Rohloff, Magura or Tune.

India
Downhill Mountain Biking in India is fairly new. The main and the most popular downhill
mountain bike race in India is called Himachal Downhill Mountain Bike Trophy which is
organized by Himalayan Mountain Bike Network. This race is conducted at Ski Himalayas
Ropeway and Ski Resort located in Solang Valley near Manali which the Mountain Biking
Capital of India. This track is 2 km long and the area offers lot of natural mountain biking
trails and lends itself to many styles of mountain biking. The trails in this Himalayan region
are accessible to riders of all skill levels.

Ireland
Downhill cycling has increased in Ireland over the past 10 years, for example, the National
Points Series rounds regularly attract over 250 riders from all over the country.
Irish tracks vary greatly in length and difficulty. Moneyscalp is one of the shorter tracks with
times for Elites coming at just over a minute. Other tracks such as Carrick in Co.Wicklow are
closer to 5 minutes.
There are no official downhill tracks in the Republic of Ireland. Just across the border in
Rostrevor, Northern Ireland however, Newry & Mourne District Council has recently built
some tracks in Kilbroney Forest which includes a 27 km and 17 km single track and 2
purpose-built downhill trails.
According to the law it is illegal to ride in the forests.[citation needed] All the tracks are built and
maintained voluntarily by individuals and mountain biking clubs who take it upon themselves
to do so. As downhill mountain biking has become more popular so has the call for more
facilities and practitioners of this sport have begun campaigning with the state on this issue.
Plans have recently been announced for the construction of a purpose built downhill facility
near Glenflesk in County Kerry. It will be the second highest downhill course in Europe.

Italy
Bardonecchia, one of the Torino 2006 winter olympic venues, converts some of its ski
courses and lifts for use by mountain bikers in the summer, and a number of downhill courses
are present. Other ski resorts turning to mountain bike parks in summer are Canazei, Pila,
Sestola and Livigno. The area of Finale Ligure, near Genoa, offers year round tracks that end
on the seaside, served by shuttles. Among the most famous tracks in the country is the
Sanremo Downhill, a rocky, technical and dangerous course won in 2007 by Fabien Barel.
The 2008 World Championship were held in Val di Sole.

Norway
Hafjell, a ski resort in the county of Oppland and host of the alpine skiing events (giant
slalom and slalom) at the 1994 Winter Olympics, offers a wide variety of courses and tracks

for cross country and downhill mountain bikers during summer. Hafjell hosted the 2010
European downhill championships and the 2010 Nordic downhill championships.

Portugal
Portugal is the host country of a unique variety of downhill races, the Urban Downhill,
known as Downtown. Lisbon DownTown is a very popular annual event which brings world
class Downhill athletes to Portugal, Steve Peat is the King of the race winning 8 of the 11
editions. The Gouveia International Downhill is another important annual race that normally
brings some of the WorldCup racers to the country. Places like Lous, Tarouca and Sintra
offer a big variety of single tracks and Downhill circuits.

Russia
Some of the notable Russian downhill venues are ski-complex "Metallurg" (Bannoe lake,
Magnitogorsk), Mashuk and Chaget mountains. And in the city of Novosibirsk has a trail for
such races. It is located in the CHP-5.

Slovenia
Slovenia's vast hilly landscape and undamaged nature makes very good conditions for
downhill cycling, thus one of the world's top, not only tracks but riders are also in Slovenia.
The famous tracks that are included in the world cup are at ski resort Kranjska Gora in northwest tip of Slovenia, while the other track is on ski resort hill Pohorje at Slovenia's second
largest city Maribor. The Pohorje track has been considered as the second best in the world.

South Africa
Downhill racing is not such a big sport in South Africa, but is rapidly growing. South Africa
boasts some great tracks and riders, especially from the Western Cape and the
Pietermaritzburg area in Kwa-Zulu Natal, the hometown of Greg Minnaar. In the Western
Cape, the best tracks are Edeouth and Jonkershoek in Stellenbosch, Playgrounds in Paarl, Sir
Lowry's Pass near Somerset-West (hometown of Andrew and Jonty Neethling), Zevenwacht
near Kuilsriver and Witfontein in George. They provide quite technical, but fun courses.
Ferncliff and World's View are great in Pietermaritzburg. Helderkruin (West of
Johannesburg), Klapperkop (Google map) in Pretoria and Gillooly's Farm in Johannesburg.
South Africa held the first round of the 2009 UCI World Cup, which was in
Pietermaritzburg(Greg Minnaar's hometown).

Sweden
With the Caledonian mountains forming the borderland with Norway this country has places
to downhill race. The majority of Sweden's notable downhill tracks are situated around re
and re Bike Park, accessible via lift shuttles. In 1999 re was the host for the UCI
Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships and it hosted the Nordic Championships in
2007. There are numerous graded biking trails down the reskutan fell.
Sweden's most southerly DH bike park is called Vallsen Bike Park [1] and is located on the
north side of the Halland ridge between Skne and Halland. Vallsen opened in 2008 and

attracts riders not only from Sweden but also Denmark due to its relatively close location to
Copenhagen. Vallsen holds an annual DH race at the end of the season called the Vallsen
DH Challenge.
Jarvs Bike Park [2] is another downhill park, which is located in the locality of Jrvs, in the
municipality of Ljusdal approximately 3 hours north of Stockholm by car. The park consists
of 17 tracks of varying difficulty, and a pumptrack.[11]

Switzerland
Located in the Alps and surrounded by the downhill nations of France, Germany, Italy and
Austria it is kind of a center for the European downhill scene. You can find tracks in or near
every city with high quality and a steep descent. It has several World Cup tracks like
"Champery" or "Portes de Soleil". Switzerland is the home of parts manufacturer DT Swiss,
EDCO Swiss bicycle components since 1902, frame manufacturer BMC and bike
manufacturer Redalp.

Thailand
Mountainous regions of Northern Thailand offer great venues for downhill mountain biking.
Chiang Mai is the most famous location for downhill mountain biking in Thailand. The
Chiang Mai Downhill Challenge, which were held in November 2012 and 2013 had attracted
World Cup riders, such as Steve Peat, Josh Bryceland, Sam Dale, Brook Macdonald, Wyn
Masters and Edward Masters, as well as a Belgian freerider, Nico Vink. Doi Suthep mountain
is where most downhill actions take place in Chiang Mai. Tour operator, such as X-Biking
Chiang Mai offers guided tour or shuttle service to the trailheads and pick up the riders once
they complete the trails.[12] The Thailand National Championships, which are held in many
different venues across Thailand by the Thai Cycling Association also attract many riders
across Southeast Asia. The cheap living costs, great foods, warm climate and great ridings
make Thailand a "must visit" place for riders on a budget.

United Kingdom
Within the UK most of the main downhill tracks are in the Scottish Uplands, Highlands,
Wales and Northern England, as these are more mountainous areas. Fort William in Scotland
is Britain's only World Cup standard track and was the venue for the 2007 World
Championships. The UK has a strong race scene with a national series and numerous regional
series with strong representation of all age groups present. The country has produced many of
the world's top downhill mountain bikers including, world champions Steve Peat, Gee
Atherton, Danny Hart, Josh Bryceland, Rachel Atherton and Manon Carpenter. Other British
downhill riders include Marc Beaumont and Brendan Fairclough.

United States
The Sea Otter Classic, held each April at Laguna Seca near Monterey, California, is a major
riding event that opens the racing season (course map). In 2008, experienced racer Mark
Reynolds died after a crash at the Sea Otter Classic, highlighting the dangers of the sport. The
2006 U.S. National Championships were held at the Infineon Raceway in Sonoma,
California. In 2007 and 2008 the U.S. National Championships were held in Mt. Snow,

Vermont. In 2009 and 2010 the U.S. National Championships were held at (SolVista Bike
Park in Colorado.) Plattekill Mountain in the Catskills, Mammoth Mountain, the Northstar at
Tahoe, Brian Head Resort, Attitash and Deer Valley ski resorts, and Moab UT are also well
known to mountain bikers. In the southeastern United States, Snowshoe Mountain is well
known for its extensive mountain bike park, camps, and even freeriding areas during the
summer.[13] Vail, Colorado was the site of the 1994 Downhill World Championship. The trail
was renamed "'94 Downhill," and is still ridden by many downhill bikers today. It was
considered one of Vail Mountain's hardest venues.
Aaron Gwin is currently the U.S's top ranked racer on the World Cup Circuit. In 2010 he
finished his World Cup Campaign with a 4th place world ranking and a 4th place at the UCI
mountain bike world championships. He now races for YT Industries in the YT Mob racing
team along with teammate Angel Suarez.
Mountain Creek Bike Park located in Vernon, New Jersey is a downhill facility on the East
Coast of the United States. Historically they have hosted the US Open of Mountain Biking,
which is the premier US downhill race. The 2010 U.S. Open had $50,000 in cash and prizes
and a $7500 purse for men's pro champion. Mountain Creek also hosts their own series of
competitions called the Gravity Series.[14]

Venezuela
El Volcan, a small mountain in the southeastern, touristic El Hatillo Municipality of Caracas,
has a Downhill course that has about 500 meters of vertical drop, it is used by hundreds of
riders a day during dry and wet weather, mostly on weekends. El Volcan is the representative
[Downhill] Track of Caracas city. The course is open to the public and riding is neither
specifically allowed nor prohibited by law. The trails are also used by hikers all week long.
Shuttles are about 10 Venezuelan bolivars per trip, they run from the parking lot of a
Farmatodo drug store in La Boyera, up to the summit using public avenues and paved roads,
taking from 15 minutes to 30 minutes depending on traffic on the area. The course apart from
being used mostly for recreational purpose, also has been used for irregularly scheduled
downhill races due to the lack of organization in the riders community.

Governing bodies
The Union Cycliste Internationale is governing body for downhill mountain bike racing.
Racers qualify to compete in World Cup races by earning UCI points, which are gained by
being a top ten finisher in certain races, usually national.
In the U.S., NORBA, as part of USA Cycling, runs the National Mountain Bike Series, and
the NCCA is the governing body for collegiate cycling. In the UK, British Cycling controls
mountain biking as well as road and BMX. In Australia, MTBA controls all disciplines of
Mountain biking.