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Bloom Safety Program - Compressed
Bloom Safety Program - Compressed
SAFETY PROGRAM
Revised 11/2008
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1 BLOOM OBJECTIVES
SAFETY AND HEALTH POLICY ............................................................................................5
SAFETY RULES ......................................................................................................................6
SAFETY DICIPLINE................................................................................................................9
SAFETY AND HEALTH OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................10
JOB SAFETY TRAINING......................................................................................................10
SECTION 3 - PROCEDURES
LIFTING & BACK SAFETY ...................................................................................................36
PROPER LIFTING TECHNIQUES..............................................................................36
UNLOADING TECHNIQUES ...................................................................................37
SAFETY TIPS .............................................................................................................37
POWER LOCKOUT PROCEDURE .....................................................................................38
PURPOSE.................................................................................................................38
MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES ........................................................................38
EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITY...................................................................................38
GENERAL ................................................................................................................39
LOCKING OUT AND ISOLATING THE POWER SOURCE .....................................40
PERFORMING TEST AND ADJUSTMENTS DURING LOCKOUT ............................41
EMERGENCY SAFETY LOCK REMOVAL...............................................................41
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY ................................................................................................42
GENERAL CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PROCEDURE ............................................42
II.
LABELING.....................................................................................................44
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
INFORMING SUBCONTRACTORS..............................................................46
VII.
VIII.
SECTION 6 FORMS
ACCIDENT REPORT...............................................................................................................
INCIDENT REPORT.................................................................................................................
3
Bloom General Contracting, Inc. believes that NO JOB OR TASK IS MORE IMPORTANT
THAN WORKER HEALTH AND SAFETY.
If a job represents a potential safety or health threat, every effort will be made to plan
a safe way to do the task.
Every procedure must be a safe procedure. Shortcuts in safe procedures by either
foremen or workers will not be tolerated.
If a worker observes any unprotected job, which may pose a potential threat to their
health or safety, he or she must inform management and management must take
adequate precautions.
SAFETY RULES
ALL OF OUR SAFETY RULES MUST BE OBEYED. FAILURE TO DO SO WILL RESULT IN
STRICT DISCIPLINARY ACTION BEING TAKEN.
1.
Injury or
Personal safety equipment must be worn as prescribed for each job, such as: safety
glasses for eye protection, hard hats at all times within the confines of the construction
area where there is a potential for falling materials or tools, gloves when handling
materials, and safety shoes are necessary for protection against foot injuries.
3.
Precautions are necessary to prevent sunburn and to protect against burns from hot
materials.
4.
If any part of your body should come in contact with an acid or caustic substance, rush
to the nearest water available and flush the affected part.
immediately.
5.
6.
The use of illegal drugs or alcohol or being under the influence of the same on the
project shall be cause for termination.
Do not distract the attention of fellow workers. Do not engage in any act that would
endanger another employee.
8.
Sanitation facilities have been or will be provided for your use. Defacing or damaging
these facilities is forbidden.
9.
A good job is a clean job, and a clean job is the start of a safe job. So keep your
working area free from rubbish and debris.
10.
Do not use a compressor to blow dust or dirt from your clothes, hair or hands.
11.
Never work aloft if you are afraid to do so, if you are subject to dizzy spells, or if you are
apt to be nervous or sick.
6
12.
Never move an injured person unless it is absolutely necessary. Further injury may
result.
Keep the injured as comfortable as possible and utilize job site first-aid
Know where firefighting equipment is located and be trained on how to use it.
14.
Lift correctly with legs, not the back. If the load is too heavy, GET HELP. Stay fit.
Control your weight.
Do stretching exercises.
Nobody but operator shall be allowed to ride on equipment unless proper seating is
provided.
16.
Do not use power tools and equipment until you have been properly instructed in the
safe work methods and become authorized to use them.
17.
Be sure that all guards are in place. Do not remove, displace or destroy any safety
device or safeguard furnished or provided for use on the job, nor interfere with the use
thereof.
18.
19.
If you must work around power shovels, trucks and dozers, make sure operators can
always see you. Barricades are required for cranes.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Trenches over five feet deep must be shored or sloped. Excavated or other material
shall not be stored nearer than two feet from the edge of the excavation. Excavations
less than five feet may also require cave in protection in some instances.
24.
Use the four and one rule when using a ladder. One foot of base for every four feet of
height.
25.
Portable ladders in use shall be equipped with safety feet unless ladder is tied, blocked
or otherwise secured. Stepladders shall not be used as a straight ladder.
26.
Ladders must extend three feet above landing or roof for proper use.
27.
28.
29.
Build
scaffolds
according
to
manufacturers
recommendations
and
MIOSHA
31.
Use only extension cords of the three-prong type. Use ground fault circuit interrupters
at all times and when using tools in wet atmosphere (e.g. outdoors) or with any
temporary power supply. Check the electrical grounding system daily.
32.
The use of harnesses with safety lines when working from unprotected high places is
mandatory. Always keep your line as tight as possible.
33.
Never throw anything overboard. Someone passing below may be seriously injured.
34.
35.
Know what emergency procedures have been established for your job site. (Location of
emergency phone, first aid kit, stretcher location, fire extinguisher locations, evacuation
plan, etc.)
Never enter a manhole, well, shaft, tunnel or other confined space which could possibly have a
non-respirable atmosphere because of lack of oxygen, or presence of toxic or flammable gas,
or has a possibility of engulfment by solids or liquids. Make certain a qualified person tests the
confined area with an appropriate detector before entry, that the necessary safety equipment is
worn. Standby person may be required to be stationed at the entrance.
SAFETY DISCIPLINE
Three-Step System
First Violation:
Second Violation:
Third Violation:
Four-Step System
First Violation:
Second Violation:
Third Violation:
Fourth Violation:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
B.
Probability of an accident.
2. This person will also appraise the skill and knowledge level of exposed workers.
B.
C.
The higher the hazard the more detailed will be the training.
4. Records will be maintained for all training sessions with descriptions of topics covered
and names of workers trained.
10
11
worn.
2.
Use steel-toe shoes or boots whenever you are exposed to falling objects.
3.
Use shoes or boots with reinforced flexible metal soles or inner soles when you
are working near puncture hazards.
4.
Use boots or shoes with no metal parts and non-conductive soles when you
are working near electrical, fire, or explosion hazards.
5.
Use rubber shoes or boots with rubber or synthetic soles when working on wet
surfaces.
6.
7.
8.
Use rubber or neoprene boots to protect your feet from chemical or corrosive
splashes.
HEAD PROTECTION
Head protection will be worn on job sites when there are potentials of falling
objects, hair entanglement, burning or electrical hazards.
Choose the right kind of hat. Class A protects you from impact and penetration.
Class B hats have the same features as Class A, except they have no metal
parts to conduct electricity. Class C is made of lightweight aluminum; they
protect you from impact but not from electrical hazards. Class D is designed
for fire fighters and are fire-resistant.
Wear your hard hat throughout the day. For maximum protection, wear your hard
hat when you walk onto the job site and keep it on until you leave.
Maintain your hat. Inspect it every day to make sure the shell is not damaged. If
12
your hat sustains a heavy blow, get a new one. Remove and wash any
sweatbands from your hat, and dont store the hat in a high-heat
environment.
A metallic helmet shall not be used.
A helmet that has been physically altered, painted, or damaged shall not be worn.
An employee shall not physically alter a helmet.
EYE & FACE PROTECTION
1.
Eye protection will be worn when there are potentials of hazards from flying
objects or particles, chemicals, arcing, glare or dust.
2.
Use eye protection with side shields to protect you from flying objects.
3.
4.
5.
BODY PROTECTION
1.
2.
Cloth gloves shall not be worn when operating rotating equipment such as a
drill or a powered threading machine.
3.
Precautions shall be taken with regard to synthetic clothing that is worn near
a source of flame, spark, a hot surface, or material that could ignite the
clothing.
4.
An employee shall not wear loose clothing, neckwear encircling the neck, or
exposed jewelry, such as rings and necklaces, near a machine having
reciprocating or rotating shafts or spindles or when handling material that
could catch on clothing or jewelry and cause injury. A ring shall not be worn
on the finger unless covered by a glove or tape.
13
5.
sleeves.
6.
trousers.
7.
8.
A person shall wear a hat, cap or net where there is a danger of hair
entanglement in moving machinery or equipment or where there is exposure
to means of ignition. The hair enclosure shall completely enclose all loose
hair, and shall be adjustable. Material used for a hair enclosure shall be fastdyed and non-irritating to the skin when subject to perspiration.
9.
10.
Pant legs must be short enough to prevent tripping and should have
uncuffed bottoms.
Snug, close-fitting garments are best for most jobs. A one-piece coverall with
short sleeves is generally the safest. Old, torn shirts and pants make good
scrub rags, but not safe work clothes.
14
15
Before the
17
when the drill is held in the hand to drill, clean, or enlarge a hole.
All of the following hand-held power tools may be equipped with either a positive
on-off control or other control as described in (2) above:
A platen sander.
Grinder with a wheel 2 inches or less in diameter.
Disc sander with discs 2 inches or less in diameter.
Router.
Planer.
Laminate trimmer.
Nibbler.
Shear.
Saber saw.
Scroll saw.
Jigsaw with a blade shank of nominal inch or less.
The operating control on a hand-held power tool shall be located so as to prevent
accidental operation.
HAND TOOL SAFETY
Use the right tool for a job. Never use a makeshift, or improperly fitting tool.
Use wrenches of the right size for the job. If one wrench is too small to do the job,
use a bigger wrench not pliers.
Use only tools in good condition do not use tools with cracked or broken handles,
without handles, or with mushroomed or broken heads.
Keep keen-edged blades sharp and store them safely when not in use.
To prevent chips from flying, avoid using a hammer with a hardened face on a
highly tempered tool such as a drill, a file, a die or a jig. Also, make sure your
hammer and mallet heads are tight on the handles so they cant fly off.
Never apply a wrench to moving machinery. Stop the machine, and remove all
tools before starting it again. Also, always unplug an electrical tool before
changing a sanding disc, a dull bit or a blade.
18
Never handle any tools in such a manner that you can be injured if they slip. Think
about your movements and position your body accordingly. When youre
using a hacksaw, nibblers, a saber saw or drills, hold the work down firmly with
clamps, vise grips or a vise. Dont ever try to hold your work with just your
hand. Use the proper blade and saw speed for the material youre cutting
and dont try to force-feed the saw. When youre drilling or using any other
rotating tool, use the right speed and put just the right amount of pressure on
the work. When youre carrying your tools, always keep the pointed ends
down in a tool belt or pouch. Dont carry them in your pocket.
Dont let a tool dangle by its cord or disconnect it by yanking on the cord. Always
disconnect cords by pulling directly on the plug.
Remember that with electrical tools, even a 110-volt house current can kill you. Use
ground-fault devices for your protection.
Under no
19
Less
20
A small
21
hand-tight only.
When returning empty cylinders, close the valve to leave some positive pressure in
the cylinder, replace the protective cap and mark and label the cylinder
empty.
Do not set full and empty cylinders in the same area.
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
The importance of properly equipping all electric tools with approved extension
cords and means for grounding cannot be overemphasized.
Inspection,
independent ground.
grounding circuit for the frames of tools, equipment and boxes of the system
itself. It should be the same size wire and current-carrying capacity as the
two-circuit wires.
Electrically powered hand tools perform many jobs. The power source for these
tools is often supplied through temporary electrical hookups.
Such
installations have two basic characteristics: First, they are temporary and not
22
constructed for permanent use; secondly, these power supply lines and
equipment are subjected to treatment and conditions much more severe
than found in most other kinds of work.
Where
evidence of damage exists, the damaged items are taken out of service and
tagged until the items have been tested and required repairs have been
made. All equipment-grounding conductors are tested for continuity.
All
23
At intervals not to exceed three months, except that cord sets and
receptacles which are fixed and not exposed to damage shall be tested
at intervals not exceeding six months.
Before
operating, be sure that all safety guards are in place and that you are using
the right size welding cable. Prevent the leads from getting wet or damaged
and avoid trip hazards.
2.
3.
Wear goggles or welding shields for welding and cutting. They must have the
24
attach your welding shield to a hard hat. Dont forget that those helping you
must wear eye protection and head protection as well. There is always the
possibility of electric shock when welding. Although the voltage is low, a
shock can cause you to fall or drop something.
Wear the proper clothing pants and shirt should be neither too loose nor
too tight. While burning or welding, wear close-fitting overalls without cuffs or
turn-ups to prevent sparks from falling into them. Make sure your clothing is
free from oil, grease, and other combustible substances. Because burning
and welding operations create a lot of sparks, wear protective gauntlets and
a leather apron or leather jacket, and be sure the top button of your shirt is
buttoned. Leather gauntlet gloves and strong shoes should always be worn
when performing welding and burning operations. And dont forget, those
working with you or helping you should wear the same kinds of clothing.
5.
Fire is obviously one of the main dangers from welding and cutting
operations. Always make sure that the working area is clean and free from
combustible materials of any kind, including wood and paper. Be especially
leery of oil drums and containers likely to give off combustible vapor. The
slightest spark can be explosive. If something combustible, such as a wood
floor, cannot be moved, cover it with a non-combustible blanket. Do not
allow welding cables and hoses to become strewn around the work area, as
they present perpetual hazards for others to trip over. All welding cables and
hoses should be properly coiled when not in use. Only cylinders in use should
be kept at the work area.
25
opinion.
7.
When you have completed burning or welding, mark your work hot with
white chalk as a warning to others. While you are cutting, make sure the
piece you are cutting cannot fall and injure someone. When you are not
using welding equipment, always switch the equipment off to prevent others
from getting shocked. No matter where you are welding or burning, always
be certain that adequate fire-fighting equipment is available and ready for
use.
HOUSEKEEPING
HOUSEKEEPING TIPS
1.
Get rid of trash, oil rags, and debris promptly and properly.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Get rid of food waste promptly and properly to control insect and rodent
problems.
7.
8.
Keep scrap lumber with protruding nails clear from work areas.
9.
Clean up throughout the day; dont leave cleanup for the end of the day or
shift.
10.
11.
12.
Stack material, equipment, and lumber piles properly to prevent them from
falling or collapsing.
13.
14.
LADDER SAFETY
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
1.
2.
Dont set ladders on boxes or other objects to make the ladder taller.
3.
4.
5.
2.
Look for bent or damaged parts, missing pieces, cracked rails, and loose
pieces.
2.
Place your foot securely on the rung below before changing your handhold.
3.
STORING A LADDER
When you are not using a ladder, keep it on a rack to avoid damaging it or
weakening its supporting parts.
2.
Only one person at a time should give signals to the crane operator, and that
person should always keep his or her eyes on the hoisted load. The signals
used should be standard signals approved by the industry. Dont make up
signals of your own.
3.
If the sling legs are vertical, they can support much more of a load than if
they are horizontal. The angle of the slings will determine the load capacity.
4.
On a job site, you may use a windlass-operated hoist. Know this equipments
lifting capacity so that you dont overload it. Also, try not to lift too heavy a
load too high. If the windlass is operated with a hand crank, be sure to stay
clear of the handle.
Before you use a bridge crane, be sure that you thoroughly understand how
all the controls operate and how to cut all power to the crane in case of an
emergency or a malfunction. Before you hoist anything, check to see that
the upper-limit stop is working properly.
materials with either a crane moving or a chain hoist, be sure the area is
28
Before you start hoisting, be sure that everybody but the hoisting crew is clear
of the immediate area. Never stand under a hoisted load or allow anyone
else to do so. Always keep your eyes on the material being hoisted. Use a
guide or tag line to control sway and to keep the load from hitting anything.
Be sure the load is clear of any electric wires.
7.
To find the mechanical advantage of any block and tackle system, just
count the segments of rope supporting the load. Dont count the fall line.
Remember that it only changes the direction of pull: it doesnt support the
load.
8.
The average person can be expected to pull about 100 pounds safely. This
means that if the load you and one other person have to hoist weighs 900
pounds, and the system you have rigged gives a mechanical advantage of
only 3, then the system is unsafe. Each of you would have to pull 150 pounds,
which is too much. You would have to rerig for a mechanical advantage of
at least 5 900 pounds divided by 5 equals 180 pounds or 90 pounds per
person.
9.
The sling should be long enough so that the sling legs are closer to vertical
than horizontal. The angle the sling legs make with the horizontal changes
the amount of weight that each leg must support, even though the weight of
the load stays the same.
10.
For instance, if the load weighs 1,000 pounds and if the sling legs are vertical,
each leg will have to support 500 pounds. If the legs were at a 45-degree
angle to the top of the load, each leg would have to support 707 pounds. If
the angle were 30 degrees, each leg would have to support 1,000 pounds,
even though the total load still weighs only 1,000 pounds.
Its type is
29
designated by the number of strands per rope and the number of wires per
strand. For example, 6x19 cable has six strands per rope and 19 wires per
strand. As a general rule, the more wires per strand a rope has, the more
flexible it is. However, what a rope gains in flexibility by using more small wires
per strand, it loses in durability because the small wires break more easily.
2.
The size of wire rope is determined by its diameter in inches. However, the
number of strands per wire does not necessarily affect the size of the
diameter.
Construction, diameter and the type of wire all affect a wire ropes breaking
strength.
3.
You can usually find the safe working load for a particular wire rope directly
from the manufacturers tables. But if the tables arent available, you can
square the diameter of the rope in inches, then multiply the results by 8 to get
the safe working load in tons. But, you also have to consider how much a
wire rope has been affected by wear and damage, and decrease the given
breaking strength accordingly.
4.
strength by over 75%. Always use an eye to join one rope to another or to
attach the rope to a hook or shackle.
5.
When not being used, wire rope should be coiled in such a way that kinks
and loops wont form.
eliminate kinks. Scrape off dirt and grit as soon as possible, and remove rust
regularly with a wire brush. Coil and store wire rope and slings in a dry, wellventilated place. This area should be away from chemicals, acids, and their
fumes, which will corrode or damage the rope.
RIGGING WITH FIBER ROPES
1.
The most common type of rope used for hoisting is #1 grade Manila. Grades
2 and 3 arent suitable for hoisting. Neither is cotton rope because its too
elastic and slippery. You can recognize Manila rope by its yellowish color
and silvery luster. Number 1 Manila comes in many sizes. Each size has a
30
The industry recommends a safety factor of 10. In other words, divide the
breaking or tensile strength by 10 to get the safe working load. For example,
the new -inch Manila rope has a breaking strength of 600 pounds, which,
divided by 10, provides a safe working load of 60 pounds.
3.
This may sound conservative, but there are good reasons for it. If the load
bounces, it adds to the strain on the rope.
Its necessary to give all ropes and slings a thorough inspection at regular
intervals.
The rope has been weakened by mildew if it smells musty or if the inner fibers
look dark and stained.
sawdust-like, powdery material inside the rope. If strands are broken or if the
rope has been seriously damaged, its unsafe to use it for hoisting.
6.
Thousands of knots and hitches exist. You should be able to tie certain basic
ones and know when and how to use them. The endless sling is formed by
splicing the end of the rope together into a continuous loop. By passing one
end of the loop through the other, it automatically tightens and secures the
load when its put under strain. Another common sling is the choker sling. At
each end of the sling is an eye. You pass one eye through the other and
attach it to the hook. On some occasions, youll attach both eyes to the
hook, making a cradle hitch. Be sure that all eyes and splices are in good
condition and remember that, at best, they are only 80% as strong as
unspliced rope.
7.
Whichever hitch or sling you select, be sure to use the proper dunnage wood
31
or other padding to keep the sling from being damaged by chafing or sharp
corners or edges or by bending too sharply.
8.
Lay the rope out and spray it thoroughly with water. The spray should be
strong enough to remove the dirt but not so powerful that it forces the dirt
into the rope. After you finish spraying, hang the rope up to dry. Wet rope
always should be allowed to dry thoroughly and never allowed to freeze.
Large ropes should be laid out on gratings or something similar so that air can
circulate freely around them.
9.
To store small ropes, coil them and hang them off the floor on pegs. There
should be a piece of at least 4-inch diameter pipe over the pegs. This will
keep sharp bends out of the rope, which weaken it.
No load should be lifted which exceeds the rated capacity of the crane at
the operating boom angle.
2.
3.
Only one person should be permitted to give signals to the operator unless
the load is being transferred to a point that cannot be monitored by the
signal person. In such cases, a second signal person should be designated.
4.
5.
The signal person should determine that a proper sling has been used, and
that it has been correctly applied before he or she signals for the lift
operation.
6.
Slings should be kept in good condition, and inspected for kinks, excessive
wear and breaks before they are put to use.
7.
Double slings should be used when hoisting two or more pieces of material
twelve feet or more in length.
8.
Angles of less than 45 degrees should be avoided when using double slings.
9.
If loads have sharp edges, or if sharp corners must be lifted, pads or saddles
32
11.
Ropes can be either fiber or wire. However, they must be wire if youll be
doing any welding or soldering because sparks and acid will do serious
damage to fiber rope. Select the proper ropes and cable for the load to be
supported, and inspect all the equipment before you use it.
2.
When you assemble a swing stage, take all safety precautions. The flooring
must be solid and firm. If you use planks, they must be scaffold planks, free
from damage, rot, large cracks or knots. If the scaffold is over 16 feet long,
erect center posts every 8 feet to support the guardrails. The guardrails must
be installed on both the inside and the outside of the swing stage. In most
cases, you should have guardrails at the ends. Toe boards must be used to
prevent tools or supplies from accidentally falling off the scaffold. And, wire
mesh or some other material must extend between the toe board and the
guardrail.
3.
No matter how you anchor the swing stage to the building, be sure there is a
safety line independent of the stage and that you use your safety belt. Also,
make certain that everything is securely attached to a solid part of the
building. In many cases, eyes have been installed during construction for this
purpose. Be sure you use the proper knots and that they are secure.
4.
Extend your lines and equipment far enough away from the building so they
wont rub or chafe. Make sure the hook is in good condition and has a
spring-loaded safety clip. Before you leave the roof, double check to be
sure everything is secure.
5.
On the ground, recheck all the rigging and hooks. One way to test a stages
33
load-carrying capacity is to raise it about a foot off the ground and put on
twice the weight its supposed to support. Before you raise the stage, make
certain the area is clear. Usually the people riding on a swing stage pull
themselves up to their work area. Pull steadily, evenly and all together.
6.
To find the mechanical advantage of any tackle system, count the segments
of rope supporting the load. Dont count the fall line. If two segments are
supporting the load, the mechanical advantage is 2; if three segments
support the load, the mechanical advantage is 3. As it is unsafe for any
person to pull more than 100 pounds, be certain that your pulley system is
designed with the proper mechanical advantage so you dont have to pull
an excessive load.
7.
While on the stage, use your safety belt and lifeline at all times. When you
reach your working level, tie off the fall lines with the proper knots or hitches
or with a friction brake or lock.
dangerously, be careful how you walk and move. Also, be sure that the tools
and materials youre using are neatly arranged and out of your way. Dont
allow scrap, debris or personal garbage to accumulate, especially where it
might cause you to stumble. And dont throw anything over the side.
8.
Most of the same safety rules apply to the use of the boatswains chair. The
chair itself can be made of different materials, but the most common is a
good piece of 1-inch exterior plywood with -inch fiber rope crossed
underneath the seat so that if the seat should break, the ropes would still
support the rider.
9.
Check to see that everything is properly secured and anchored, and always
keep your safety belt and lifeline securely fastened.
10.
Regardless of how much the rider, the chair and the equipment weigh, have
at least two people pulling the rope. Try to pull evenly and steadily, without
jerking the line tie the line around something secure on the ground.
11.
34
And when you tie off the fall line, either at the chair or on the ground, be sure
you use the proper knot or hitch.
12.
Be sure youre trained in the proper use of each piece of equipment youll
use. The design, capacity and characteristics of special equipment like this
vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. Thats why its vitally important that
you be thoroughly checked out on each piece of equipment before you try
to operate it. If it gets electric power through an alternating current line, be
sure that the line is properly grounded.
13.
The base the equipment stands on must be solid and level. If outriggers are
needed, they must be set firmly in place all around the base.
14.
And
before you move this type of equipment, it should be telescoped and all
tools and materials should be secured or removed.
DANGER OVERHEAD
Accidents involving people working or walking under crane booms and buckets are
infrequent, but, when they happen, they often are fatal.
excellent condition and is being run by a first-rate operator, it still should never be
exposed needlessly. Frequently the victim is a mechanic doing an assigned job that
has nothing to do with the crane.
The rule is simple:
suspended loads.
working in the vicinity of cranes, scaffolds, or any place where an object may fall from
overhead.
In concreting operations, it is especially necessary to keep all personnel away from the
vicinity of the bucket travel. Chunks of semi-hardened concrete frequently drop from
the bucket and can produce a serious injury even if the victim is wearing a safety hat.
35
If the victim is not wearing any head protection, the bump may be fatal.
SCAFFOLD SAFETY
ITS THE LAW
MiOSHA has numerous regulations for scaffolds. Here are a few of the standards:
1.
2.
Platform planks must have no more than one inch of space between units.
3.
4.
5.
If the platform is two feet or more above or below the point of access, a
ladder or stair system is required.
6.
For more details on scaffold regulations, see Part 12, Scaffold and Scaffold
Regulations in the Construction Safety Standards.
SAFETY GUIDELINES
Keep platforms fenced and securely fastened.
Keep platforms closely boarded.
Dont stockpile material on the scaffold.
Always wear your hard hat when working on a scaffold.
Remove all materials from the scaffold at the end of the day.
Avoid working on scaffolds during storms or high winds.
Examine the object you are going to lift. It should be stable and shouldnt
have any sharp nails or pieces sticking out.
36
2.
Use good body placement. Make sure you are wearing shoes with traction
and that you have solid footing. Keep a wide stance with your legs. Dont
hold your breath.
3.
Choose your route. Where exactly will you be stepping during the carry? Is it
clear of obstacles and spills? Look for places where you can rest if necessary.
4.
Dont twist. Turn your whole body in the direction you want to move.
5.
Use a safe lifting position. Bend your knees and keep the natural curve in
your back. Pay attention to your feet: they should be shoulder-width apart.
Move as close to the object as possible.
6.
Use your legs. Once you have a firm grip on the object, lift with your legs,
and dont bend your back. If you bend during the lift, you can cause disc or
vertebrae injury.
7.
Move slowly. Take small steps and make sure you can see where you are
going; avoid quick, jerky movements.
8.
Keep the object close to your body. If you move the object away from you,
you risk injury to your back and neck.
UNLOADING TECHNIQUES
1.
Maintain good body placement. Maintain the backs natural curve. Flex
and bend your knees. Do not bend over the load.
2.
Pay attention to your hands. Keep your fingers away from the bottom of the
load.
3.
Keep the object close to your body as you unload or release it. As with lifting,
if you stretch the object away from your body, you risk seriously injuring your
back and neck.
SAFETY TIPS
1.
Keep heavy material stored between waist and shoulder level; the material
will then be easier to lift and set down.
2.
Avoid catching thrown or falling objects that could strain your back.
3.
To lift an object from the ground to above your waist level, stop halfway
37
through the lift and set the load down; then, adjust your grip.
4.
Use your feet to pivot your body when lifting; dont twist your back.
5.
When lifting a load with a partner, try to both face front ward.
6.
C. Each supervisor shall assure that the locks and devices required for
compliance with the lockout procedure are provided to their employees.
D. Prior to setting up, adjusting, repairing, servicing, installing or performing
maintenance work on equipment, machinery, tools or processes, the
supervisor shall determine and instruct employees of the steps to be taken to
assure they are not exposed to injury due to unintended machine motion or
release of energy.
EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITY
A. Employees shall comply with the lockout procedure.
B.
Employees
shall
consult
with
their
supervisor
or
other
appropriate
required
Safety locks are for the personal protection of the employees and are only
to be used for locking out equipment.
F.
One key of every lock issued shall be retained by the employee to whom it
was issued and the superintendent shall retain the only other key to the lock.
G. Employees shall request assistance from their supervisor if they are unsure of
where or how to lockout equipment.
H. Any questions concerning the lockout procedure should be directed to the
employees supervisor.
39
F.
2.
Determine who placed the equipment out of service and contact all
parties who have locks on the equipment to determine if the assignment
to be performed would affect their safety. The assignment will proceed
only if safe to do so with all parties involved.
3.
If the employee leaves the job before its completion, such as job
reassignment, the employee shall remove his/her personal lock and
adaptor and replace it with an Equipment lock and adaptor. In addition,
the employee will prepare and attach a Danger Tag indicating the
reason the equipment is locked out (should more than one employee be
assigned to the job, the last employee removing his/her lock will be
responsible for affixing the Equipment lock, adaptor and the Danger
Tag).
C.
Upon completion of the work, each employee will remove his/her lock,
rendering the machine operable when the last lock is removed.
D.
The employee responsible for removing the last lock, before doing so, shall
assure that all guards have been replaced, the equipment, machine, or
process is cleared for operation, and appropriate personnel notified that
power is being restored. This employee is also responsible for removing the
Equipment lock and returning it to the supervisor.
The supervisor is responsible for making certain all the requirements for
restoring power are followed.
The space has been PROVEN SAFE, has been VERIFIED, DOCUMENTED,
and has a CERTIFIED GUARANTEE of a safe environment.
3. If the conditions in #2 have been satisfied, the ALTERNATE ENTRY PROCEDURE
may be followed.
4. If conditions in #2 are not met and has any of the following, the PERMIT ENTRY
PROCEDURE must be followed:
THE SPACE:
Contains or has a potential to contain a HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERE.
Contains a material that has a potential for ENGULFING an entrant.
Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or
asphyxiated by inwardly converging wall or by a floor which slopes
downward and tapers to a smaller cross section; or
Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard.
43
HAZARD DETERMINATION
Bloom General Contracting, Inc. will be relying on material safety data sheets
from suppliers to meet determination requirements.
When use or storage of explosives or other hazardous materials or equipment or
unusual methods are necessary for execution of the work, the Subcontractor,
Field Superintendent or employee shall exercise utmost care and carry on
such activities under the supervision of properly qualified personnel.
II.
LABELING
The Field Superintendent is responsible for seeing that all hazardous materials
coming onto the site are properly labeled, tagged or marked.
All labels should be checked for identity, hazard warning, name and address of
responsible party.
The Field Superintendent will be responsible for seeing that all portable
containers used in the work area are labeled with identity and hazard
warnings if applicable.
Piping systems shall be labeled at access points.
III.
V.
45
VI.
INFORMING SUBCONTRACTORS
It is the responsibility of the Superintendent to provide the subcontractors with
the following information:
Hazardous chemicals to which they may be exposed while on the job site.
Location of all Material Safety Data Sheets as coordinated by the
Superintendent.
The Project Manager will coordinate with the Field Superintendent to ensure that
Subcontractors are given this information prior to entering the job site.
The Project Manager and/or Superintendent will request and receive from all
Subcontractors the following information:
Subcontractors MSDS(s) for all hazardous chemicals they will be using on
the job site.
Hazardous chemicals other Contractors and Subcontractors may be
exposed to during their stay on the job site.
The Project Manager will coordinate with the Superintendent to ensure that all
Subcontractors have complied with the above requirements before
mobilizing on the job site.
VII.
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
If, at any time, Bloom General Contracting, Inc., the Owner or the Subcontractor
becomes aware of the presence of hazardous chemicals, each shall notify
the others designated safety representative and take whatever steps are
necessary, if any, with the other to eliminate, terminate, abate or rectify the
condition to protect people and their property from hazard.
If reasonable precautions will be inadequate to prevent foreseeable bodily
injury or death to persons resulting from a material or substance, including
but not limited to asbestos or polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), encountered
on the site, Bloom General Contracting, Inc., the Owner or the Subcontractor
shall, upon recognizing the condition, immediately stop work in the affected
area
and
report
the
condition
to
the
others
designated
safety
46
representative.
Local Emergency, Fire, and Police phone numbers shall be posted in a visible
location on the job site.
All containers of chemical materials used by the Subcontractor, including spent
materials and unused material, must be removed by the Subcontractor from
the Owners premises, transported by Environmental Protection Agencyapproved transporters when required, and disposed of in compliance with
the Environmental Protection Agency rules and regulations including
approved disposal sites.
47
VIII.
48
FIRST AID
First Aid consists of two basic steps:
1)
2)
Providing the most important basic treatment to save lives and minimize injuries.
Obtaining prompt professional help such as paramedics or a rescue squad.
GENERAL TIPS
In case of an injury:
1. Make sure that youre not exposing yourself to the same risk.
2. Do not attempt to move the injured person unless there is a possibility of fire, explosion
or falling walls.
3. Check to see if the victim is breathing, is bleeding or is unconscious.
4. Always remain calm and try to comfort and reassure the injured person.
ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Act quickly once a person stops breathing he has only 4 6 minutes to live.
With one hand, tilt the head back gently so the chin is pointing upward.
Place the other hand on the victims forehead and push his/her head backward.
Pinch the victims nose with thumb and finger of the hand on his/her forehead.
Take a deep breath. Cover the victims mouth completely with your mouth and blow
four quick breaths into his/her mouth in 3 5 seconds. If the chest doesnt rise,
move his/her head back farther and try again.
Remove your mouth from the victims mouth. Stop when the chest is expanded.
Watch the chest to see that it falls as air leaves the lungs.
If there is still no breathing, blow one breath into the victims mouth. Stop when the
chest is expanded. Watch the chest to see that it falls as air leaves the lungs.
Repeat the blowing cycle at the rate of one breath every 5 seconds.
Make sure that the chest rises each time you breathe into the victims mouth.
Be sure that you have an airtight seal between your mouth and the victims mouth so
that air does not escape when you blow.
Continue giving artificial respiration until the victim starts breathing by himself, until
someone else takes over, until the victim is pronounced dead by a physician, or until
the rescuer has to stop from exhaustion.
Restarting breathing takes priority over first aid treatment.
49
FIRST AID
BLEEDING
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
UNCONSCIOUS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Unconsciousness may occur after a fall, or from head injuries, an electric shock,
illness or poisoning. There is a loss of consciousness if a person has trouble talking
in sentences or walking or if the victim cant make any response at all.
In case the victim is unconscious, skilled professional help is needed immediately.
Help the victim get air by clearing the mouth of any debris or foreign matter.
If the victim is not breathing, give artificial respiration.
When breathing begins, turn the victim on his side so fluids can drain unless there
are neck or spinal injuries.
If youre not sure, just keep the person lying flat, but watch for strangling or choking.
50
FIRST AID
- cont.
7.
8.
9.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
You may face special problems when the unconscious or injured person is a victim
of electric shock. First, the victim may still be in contact with live electricity. Make
sure its safe to approach the person. Do not touch the victim until you are sure the
current is off. Use an insulated object such as a wooden pole, a broom or wadded
newspaper to get the victim away from the electricity supply.
Second, electric shock often stops breathing. Check for breathing immediately and
resuscitate if necessary as previously described.
Third, the victim may have electrical burns. Whether from heat, friction, chemicals or
flash burns, burned areas should be treated as quickly as possible following the burn
by showering the affected area in cold water or by immersing it in cold water.
Cooling should be continued for 10 minutes, or until help arrives. This lessens the
severity of the burn and relieves pain.
Cover the burned area with a sterile dressing. Packaged sterile dressings are best,
as infection and germs enter through burned skin.
Do not use absorbent cotton to cover burns. It will stick to the burned flesh and
hinder treatment.
If clothing has stuck to a burn, place the sterile dressing quickly over the clothes. Do
not remove the clothing.
If there is a wound where electricity has entered the body, there will be an exit
wound somewhere else. Look for the possibility of bleeding at the exit wound.
Severe chemical burns may be caused by suphuric or hydrochloric acids or by lye,
ammonia, caustic soda or caustic potash.
Speed is vital in rinsing off chemicals under a water tap or shower. Rinse, shower,
or hose for 10 minutes, removing contaminated clothing.
Apply a dry, sterile dressing and get medical help quickly.
Fluid is lost in burn victims. If medical help wont arrive for some time, offer the
victim about cup of water with a little salt in it to sip slowly. Remember, do not
give fluids by mouth to an unconscious person or to one who is nauseated.
In treating burns, DO NOT:
1. Break blisters;
5. Take the dressing off;
2. Apply lotion, antiseptic, grease;
6. Apply absorbent cotton; or
3. Touch the burned area;
7. Undress or handle the victim
4. Cough or breathe on the burned
any more than necessary.
area;
51
FIRST AID
EYE INJURIES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
If a chemical is splashed or sprayed into the eye: Turn the victims head toward the
injured eye so that fluid wont pour into the good eye. Pour large amounts of running
tap water into the injured eye. Hold the eyelids apart so that the water can wash the
entire eyeball. Continue for 10 to 15 minutes.
Cover the injured eye with a sterile pad and get professional help.
Keep the victim from rubbing the injured eye.
Often, a small object in the eye can be gently removed with the corner of a clean
handkerchief or paper tissue. If it doesnt come out easily, dont make any further
attempts other than flushing with water.
In case of a deep penetrating eye injury, dont remove the object. Cover both eyes
with a loose sterile or clean bandage. Covering both eyes keeps the injured eye
from moving.
Keep the victim lying quietly on the back, while you get professional help.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Serious injuries can result from getting caught in machinery. Here, your job is to
stop the bleeding and give support and encouragement to the victim. Let the injured
person know that help is on the way.
If its a complicated removal, dont attempt to remove the victim. If its a simple
matter of lifting off an object, then do so.
If an amputation occurs, lay the victim down if possible, elevate the remaining part of
the limb, and apply a dressing to the stump and bandage it tightly.
Apply firm pressure with the hands around the end of the stump above the
amputation site.
Recover the severed body part, cover it with ice water if possible, and transport it to
the hospital wrapped in a clean dressing. It may be possible for surgeons to
reattach it to the body.
Sometimes, the most important thing you can do if you are not trained to give First
Aid, is to simply see that nothing is done to make the situation worse before help
arrives.
In deciding what to do you will have to rely on your own common sense.
Telephone numbers for professional emergency medical assistance should be
conspicuously posted and should include specific accident information for the caller
to give.
52
FIRST AID
MOVING THE VICTIM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
If there is an extreme emergency and the person must be pulled to safety, support
him under the shoulders, keeping the body in a straight line; do not let him twist or
bend.
Be gentle. Pull the person in the direction of the length of the body, not sideways.
If possible, place the victim on a board or a stretcher. Secure the victim so he or she
wont slide out or fall off if the stretcher tips.
If there is no possible way to get an ambulance and you must transport the victim,
drive calmly and carefully. This will not only help prevent another possible accident,
but it is vital for the victim that you drive at moderate speed, making gentle starts
and stops. Transportation can cause exhausting stress to an injured person.
People with head and chest injuries, or broken legs, arms, pelvises or backs, should
be transported lying down with the injured part immobilized.
Remember, dont move them unless no other alternative exists.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Exposure to the weather creates special physical stress for workers in the field.
Extreme heat causes large amounts of water and salt to be lost from the body in
perspiration and may result in heat stroke, heat exhaustion, or heat cramps. Heat
stroke is a life-threatening emergency and requires prompt medical treatment.
With heat stroke the body temperature is extremely high. The skin is hot, red and
dry. The pulse is strong and rapid. The victim may be unconscious.
Cool the body down. Sponge the victim with cool water or rubbing alcohol. Use
fans or get the person to an air conditioned room.
Dont let the victim be chilled. And dont give stimulants such as coffee, tea, coke or
alcohol.
Heat exhaustion is very different from heat stroke. The temperature is nearly
normal. The skin is pale and clammy. There is a great deal of perspiration and
possibly headache, weakness, cramps and nausea. There may be a feeling of
faintness.
Give the conscious victim sips of salt water, half a glass every 15 minutes for an
hour. Use 1 level teaspoon of salt per full glass. Discontinue fluids if the victim is
nauseated or vomits.
Have the victim lie down with his feet raised and supported 8 to 12 inches from the
ground.
Loosen the victims clothing. Sponge the body with cool water or rubbing alcohol.
Use fans or get the victim to an air conditioned room.
After an attack of heat exhaustion, the person should rest for several days and avoid
very high temperatures.
Drinking plenty of water and increasing your salt intake can help prevent heat illness.
Moderate eating habits and wearing light-colored clothing will also help.
53
FIRST AID
HEART ATTACK
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Stresses from weather and physical exertion can bring on other sudden illnesses,
such as heart attack. The victim may never have had any previous indication of
heart disease.
The attack may result in unconsciousness and if it is severe, the victim may die
suddenly.
The main symptoms of acute heart attack are shortness of breath and pain in the
chest, upper abdomen, shoulders and arms, particularly the left. There can also be
indigestion, nausea, and vomiting.
Stay calm. Reassure the victim and help him or her find a comfortable position.
Administer any medication for heart palpitations the victim may have.
Have someone call for an ambulance equipped with oxygen.
If the victim is not breathing, apply artificial respiration.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, could save the life of a heart attack victim
who has stopped breathing. CPR provides circulation and breathing to a person
whose heart and lungs have stopped functioning. Its a combination of external
manual manipulation and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Thousands of deaths could
be prevented each year if CPR were given in the first few seconds after heart failure.
CPR should never be attempted, however, by anyone who is not trained. You can
receive the necessary training by enrolling in a special CPR course offered by the
American Red Cross and the American Heart Association.
If the broken bone is the result of a major trauma or injury, call 911 or your local
emergency number. Also call for emergency help if:
a. The person is unresponsive, isnt breathing or isnt moving.
Begin
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) if theres no respiration or heartbeat.
b. There is heavy bleeding.
c. Even gentle pressure or movement causes pain.
54
FIRST AID
- cont.
d. The limb or joint appears deformed.
e. The bone has pierced the skin.
f. The extremity of the injured arm or leg, such as a toe or finger, is numb or bluish
at the tip.
g. You suspect a bone is broken in the hip, pelvis or upper leg (for example, the leg
and foot turn outward abnormally, compared with the uninjured leg).
2.
3.
(using a board)
(using a magazine)
(using a pillow)
55
- cont.
For a lower arm or wrist fracture, carefully place a board, folded newspaper,
magazine, or heavy piece of clothing under the arm. Tie it in place with pieces of
cloth.
A lower leg or ankle fracture can be splinted similarly, with a bulky garment or
blanket wrapped and secured around the limb.
If you suspect that someone's foot is fractured, Do Not Remove the Shoe. Place
a board beneath the sole and tie it to the shoe. Do not permit the patient to
walk on foot. Carry him or transport him on stretcher.
A large hairpin or popsicle stick may be used as an emergency splint for a
broken finger. Tape it securely for the trip to the doctor.
b. Padding: Padding may be improvised from such items as a jacket, blanket, etc
or leafy vegetation.
c. Bandages: Bandages may be improvised from belts or strips torn from clothing
or blankets. Narrow materials such as wire or cord should not be used to secure
a splint in place.
d. Slings: A sling is a bandage (or improvised material such as a piece of cloth, a
belt and so forth) suspended from the neck to support an upper extremity. Also,
slings may be improvised by using the tail of a coat or shirt, and pieces torn from
such items as clothing and blankets. The triangular bandage is ideal for this
purpose. Remember that the casualty's hand should be higher than his elbow,
and the sling should be applied so that the supporting pressure is on the
uninjured side.
56
FIRST AID
- cont.
How to Make a Sling:
To make a sling, cut a piece of cloth, such as a
pillowcase, about 40 inches square. Then cut or
fold the square diagonally to make a triangle.
Slip one end of the bandage under the arm and
over the shoulder. Bring the other end of the
bandage over the other shoulder, cradling the
arm. Tie the ends of the bandage behind the
neck. Fasten the edge of the bandage, near the
elbow, with a safety pin.
e. Swathes: Swathes are any bands (pieces of cloth and so forth) that are used to
further immobilize a splinted fracture. Triangular and cravat bandages are often
used as or referred to as swathe bandages. The purpose of the swathe is to
immobilize, therefore, the swathe bandage is placed above and/or below the
fracture--not over it.
SHOCK
Shock may result from trauma, heatstroke, allergic reactions, severe infection, poisoning or
other causes. Various signs and symptoms appear in a person experiencing shock:
If you suspect shock, even if the person seems normal after an injury:
1. Dial 911 or call your local emergency number.
2. Have the person lie down on his or her back with feet higher than the head. If raising the
legs will cause pain or further injury, keep him or her flat. Keep the person still.
3. Check for signs of circulation (breathing, coughing or movement). If absent, begin CPR.
57
FIRST AID
- cont.
4. Keep the person warm and comfortable. Loosen belt(s) and tight clothing and cover the
person with a blanket. Even if the person complains of thirst, give nothing by mouth.
5. If the person vomits or bleeds from the mouth, turn the person on his or her side to
prevent choking.
6. Seek treatment for injuries such as bleeding or broken bones.
HEAD TRAUMA
Most head trauma involves injuries that are minor and don't require hospitalization. However,
dial 911 or call for emergency medical assistance if any of the following signs are apparent:
Keep the person still. Until medical help arrives, keep the person who sustained the
injury lying down and quiet in a darkened room, with the head and shoulders
slightly elevated. Don't move the person unless necessary and avoid moving the
person's neck.
2.
Stop any bleeding. Apply firm pressure to the wound with sterile gauze or a clean
cloth. But don't apply direct pressure to the wound if you suspect a skull fracture.
3.
Watch for changes in breathing and alertness. If the person shows no signs of
circulation (breathing, coughing or movement), begin CPR.
58
FIRST AID
TRAUMATIC AMPUTATION
1.
Check the victim's airway (open if necessary); check breathing and circulation. If
necessary, begin rescue breathing, CPR or bleeding control.
2.
Try to calm and reassure the victim as much as possible. Amputation is painful and
extremely frightening.
3.
Control bleeding by applying direct pressure to the wound, by elevating the injured
area, and, if necessary, by using pressure point bleeding control. If the bleeding
continues, recheck the source of the bleeding and reapply direct pressure, with help
from someone who is not fatigued. If the victim is suffering from life-threatening
bleeding, a constriction bandage or tourniquet will be easier to use than
compression of pressure points.
4.
Save any severed body parts and ensure that they stay with the patient. Remove
contaminating material if possible, and gently rinse the body part if the cut end is
contaminated with dirt. Wrap the severed part in a clean, damp cloth, place it in a
sealed plastic bag and immerse the bag in cold water (ice water if available). Do not
directly immerse the part in water and don't put the severed part directly on ice. Do
not use dry ice as this will cause frostbite and injury to the part. If cold water is not
available, keep the part away from heat as much as possible. Save it for the
emergency personnel, or take it to the hospital. Cooling the severed part will keep it
viable for about 18 hours. Without cooling, it will only remain viable for about 4 to 6
hours.
5.
Take steps to prevent shock. Lay the victim flat, raise the feet about 12 inches and
cover the victim with a coat or blanket. DO NOT place the victim in this position if a
head, neck, back or leg injury is suspected or if it makes the victim uncomfortable.
6.
Once the bleeding at the site of the amputation is under control, examine the person
for other signs of injury that require emergency treatment. Treat fractures, additional
cuts and other injuries appropriately.
7.
DO NOT:
DO NOT forget that saving the victim's life is more important than saving a body part.
FIRST AID
- cont.
DO NOT place a tourniquet, unless the bleeding is life threatening, as the entire limb
may be placed in jeopardy.
SUMMARY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
60
ICHIGAN
Department of Labor and Economic Growth
1-800-TO-MIOSHA (866-4674)
www.michigan.gov/miosha
Asbestos Program
(517) 322-1320
(313) 456-3109
ICHIGAN
Department of Labor and Economic Growth
FATALITY HOTLINE
Age Restrictions
Employers hiring anyone under the age of 18 should be aware of restrictions on the type of work permitted,
hours of work, and the need for a work permit. Contact: Michigan Department of Labor & Economic Growth,
Wage & Hour Division, Box 30476, Lansing, MI 48909-7976, telephone: (517) 322-1825.
Michigan Whistleblowers Protection Act Poster - Obtain a copy of Public Act 469 of 1980 from the law
library, (517) 373-0630.
U.S. Department of Labor Posters
Family Medical Leave Act
Federal Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker Protection Act (MSPA)
REQUIRED WORKPLACE POSTERS:
Employers are required to display certain posters in the workplace. The following is a list of the required posters
and where they can be obtained:
Michigan Safety and Health Protection on the Job - Michigan Right to Know Laws
Contact Michigan Department of Labor & Economic Growth, Michigan Occupational Safety & Health
Administration, Consultation Education & Training Division, Box 30643, Lansing, MI 48909-8143, telephone:
(517) 322-1809.
MSDS Location Poster and MSDS New & Revised Poster - Required for businesses that have hazardous
chemicals. Contact Michigan Department of Labor & Economic Growth, Michigan Occupational Safety &
Health Administration, Consultation Education & Training Division, Box 30643, Lansing, MI 48909-8143,
telephone: (517) 322-1809.
Your Rights Under the USERRA (Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act) This poster is required by each employer and is designed to provide information on the rights and benefits under
USERRA - Chapter 43 (Employment and Reemployment Rights of Members of the Uniformed Services) of
Title 38 (Veterans Benefits) of the U. S. Code. Contact the U.S. Department of Labor, Veterans Employment
and Training Service, 866-487-2365, or information regarding this poster can be viewed at:
http://www.dol.gov/vets/programs/userra/
*Federal Minimum Wage - Contact U.S. Department of Labor, 231 W. Lafayette, Room 647, Detroit, MI
48226, telephone: (313) 226-7447 or (616) 456-2004.
Equal Employment Opportunity - Contact U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 1-800-6693362, for federal forms. Contact Michigan Department of Civil Rights, 303 W. Kalamazoo, Lansing, MI 48913,
telephone: (517) 335-3165 for state forms.
Employee Polygraph Protection Act - Contact the U.S. Department of Labor, Wage & Hour Division, 231 W.
Lafayette, Room 647, Detroit, MI 48226 telephone: (313) 226-7447 or (616) 456-2004.
Michigan Employment Security Act Notice to Employees - Contact Unemployment Insurance Agency, 3024
W. Grand Blvd., Ste. 13-150, Detroit, MI 48202, telephone 1-800-638-3994 for having Employer ID# assigned.
American with Disabilities Act - Contact the ADA Hotline at 1-800-669-3362 or (202) 663-4900.
Michigan Minimum Wage Law - General Rules, Overtime Compensation Rules for employers covered by
Michigan Minimum Wage Law only. Contact Michigan Department of Labor & Economic Growth, Wage &
Hour Division, Box 30476, Lansing, MI 48909-7976, telephone: (517) 335-0400.
Accident Investigation
INTRODUCTION
Accident investigation is a useful and necessary tool: A thorough investigation should be made in every situation
where an accident has revealed a failure to properly control some aspect of your operations. You may question if
the accident did, in fact, result from operational control failure; when the accident occurred as a result of an unsafe
act on the part of an employee. Unsafe acts are in themselves an indication of operational failure, since they are
evidence of some inadequacy in either job training, job planning, employee motivation, or some other type of
personnel problem. Nothing is learned from unreported accidents; and nothing is learned from uninvestigated
accidents. Proper investigation of accident causes will reveal operational deficiencies or failures so that
corrective measures can be implemented to prevent an accident reoccurrence.
PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
To apply a systematic procedure to determine the causes of an accident. In most cases there will be
several causes. To objectively see the whole picture, all pertinent facts must be considered.
To prevent a reoccurrence of accidents and any resulting injuries. By reducing the incidence of
accident reoccurrence, we will also be reducing the financial losses associated with repeat accidents.
To train supervisory personnel in determining accident causes. Practice in this area results in a more
acute awareness of job hazards.
To demonstrate to employees that management is concerned with their welfare. It must be
emphasized that the investigation is not a fault finding venture.
To stimulate thought on part of all parties involved, with the need for safety and methods of prevention.
To publicize the hazards so that others may become aware. This is of fundamental importance in
controlling unsafe work practices.
To obtain facts bearing on legal liabilities. Documentation of such information is essential.
WHEN TO INVESTIGATE
1.
2.
After the occurrence of any accident! Near miss occurrences should also be investigated, as often
times these occurrences could have easily resulted in personal injury and / or serious property
damage.
As soon as possible after the accident occurrence because:
a. Details are quickly forgotten.
b. Distortions can occur upon delay. We want objective facts.
c. Witnesses unduly influence one another.
d. The scene of the accident can change, thus destroying evidence and clues as to what actually
happened.
e. Remember: Your first responsibility is to attend to the injured person. Dont start your investigation
immediately if
i. doing so delays medical treatment, or
ii. the injured employee is extremely upset or in obvious pain.
Supervisor or Superintendent should conduct the initial investigation he knows his operations and
people. The supervisor is responsible for all job related activities within his area of control.
65
2.
3.
Other interested management personnel to obtain information for insurance purposes, and possibly
as a follow up activity based on the initial investigation report information.
Other outside parties such as government inspection persons, law enforcement agencies, and
insurance investigators, may have the occasion to conduct their own investigations. These activities
may very well require a review of your initial investigation report. This further emphasizes the need for
a comprehensive and accurate initial investigation (and report).
WHERE TO INVESTIGATE
Any location where pertinent, useful information may be obtained. This may include:
1.
2.
3.
Do not restrict yourself! Go wherever necessary to obtain pertinent, objective, and factual information.
HOW TO INVESTIGATE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Learn investigation techniques. Be familiar with what you are going to do at an investigation.
Be equipped bring proper tools, including possibly a tape measure, camera, blank report, and above
all an open mind! The investigation should not be considered as a burden, but as an opportunity to
do something useful to prevent further accidents.
Be objective and fair. Try not to make judgements and form conclusions until your are satisfied that all
of the facts have been obtained.
Qualify each independent source of information such as, according to.., from my observations.,
etc. Talk to each witness individually.
Avoid evasion in any form the purpose of this investigation is defeated if true conditions and facts are
swept under the rug.
Do not complete the final investigation report form until all facts have been analyzed, and conclusions
drawn.
Your analysis of the facts is not complete unless you have identified the causes of the accident, and
have arrived at some meaningful conclusion as to the course of corrective action necessary to prevent
reoccurrence. It stands to reason that the proper choice of corrective action will strongly depend upon
your accurate gathering and analysis of the accident facts.
FACTORS TO CONSIDER
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
FOLLOW THROUGH
1.
2.
3.
You havent achieved a thing unless the solution to the problem is implemented and working.
Someone must be assigned to monitor the progress.
Very often loss control efforts are abandoned at the corrective action state, and for no good reason
other than lack of good follow up. If this is allowed to occur, your investigative efforts have been
wasted. Good follow through and enforcement of corrective measures is essential.
Most importantly, COMMUNICATE with your managers regarding progress or lack of progress on
corrective measures.
67
Accident Report
(to be completed immediately after accident / illness)
TIME:
1.
DATE:
2.
ACCIDENT CATEGORY:
3.
INJURED PERSON:
Injury
Illness
pm am
Fatality
Other
Name:
Address:
City, State, Zip:
Birthdate:
Phone:
WAS FAMILY CALLED? Yes
4.
No
Sex:
Marital Status:
WHO?:
EMPLOYED BY:
Company Name:
Address:
City, State, Zip:
Supervisor Name:
Phone:
5.
ACCIDENT LOCATION:
Job Name:
Address:
City, State, Zip:
6.
Phone:
Superintendent Name:
DATE OF ACCIDENT:
TIME OF ACCIDENT:
am / pm
TREATMENT GIVEN:
First Aid
8.
Hospitalization
Other
DATE OF TREATMENT:
10.
INJURY DESCRIPTION:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Degree of disability (temporary partial; temporary total; permanent partial; permanent total):
ACCIDENT DESCRIPTION:
a.
b.
c.
Sheet 1 of 4
11/29/07
d.
Physical Surroundings at time of incident: (weather, equipment, machinery, aisles, features, etc.):
e.
f.
Complete checklist:
Was the employee:
Placed on the right job?
Properly trained in the job?
Experienced in the job?
Physically fit?
Under emotional stress?
In an unsafe position?
Distracted?
g.
11.
12.
IS THERE ANY REASON TO BELIEVE THE EMPLOYEE WAS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF:
a.
Alcohol
b.
If so, explain:
Drugs (Illegal)
Drugs (Prescription)
What personal protective equipment is required for job being performed? (glasses, safety shoes, safety hat, hearing
protection, respirator, etc.)
d.
e.
Date employee was last trained in proper use of required safety equipment:
13.
WAS THERE A VIOLATION of a published safety/health rule, regulation, procedure or specific instructions? (Explain)
14.
WAS EMPLOYEE PROPERLY INSTRUCTED on how to do the job safely and properly exposed in training to those items listed
in previous question? (Explain)
15.
WERE MECHANICAL / PHYSICAL / ENVIRONMENTAL conditions safe at the time of the incident? (Explain)
Sheet 2 of 4
11/29/07
16.
WHAT CORRECTIVE ACTION should be taken to avoid a reoccurrence of this type of injury? (state who what engineering
changes; written procedure development or improvement; enforcement of safety rules & regulations; specific training):
17.
ACTIONS ALREADY TAKEN to correct and/or eliminate the hazard, injury, causing agent(s):
18.
Name:
Phone Number:
Employer:
2.
Name:
Phone Number:
Employer:
3.
Name:
Phone Number:
Employer:
19.
20.
PRINT NAME:
PHONE:
Sheet 3 of 4
11/29/07
Date of Birth:
Date of Hire:
Rate of Pay:
Restricted
How:
Initials
Sheet 4 of 4
11/29/07
Incident Report
(to be completed immediately after incident)
1.
DATE:
2.
INCIDENT CATEGORY:
3.
INCIDENT LOCATION:
TIME:
Fire
Theft
pm am
Property Damage
Other
Job Name:
Address:
City, State, Zip:
4.
Phone:
Superintendent Name:
DATE OF INCIDENT:
TIME OF INCIDENT:
am / pm
FIRE
DESCRIPTION:
1.
2.
3.
5.
4.
5.
6.
Yes
No
No
THEFT
DESCRIPTION:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Yes
No
Sheet 1 of 2
PROPERTY DAMAGE
DESCRIPTION:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Action taken:
Yes
No
No
PRINT NAME:
Initials
Sheet 2 of 2
Jobsite:
Superintendent:
Date:
Inspector:
A fire extinguisher is provided for every 3000 sq. ft. of space that is rated 2A at least.
A portable fire extinguisher is within 100 ft. of all working areas.
Portable heaters are being used in accordance with specifications.
All employees or subcontractors know the location of the fire extinguisher and know how to
operate it.
Fire fighting equipment is accessible and maintained at all times in good repair
Smoking is prohibited in possible fire hazard areas.
Page 1 of 5
Jobsite Safety Inspection Checklist
Flammable and combustible liquids are marked and properly stored in appropriate containers.
Soiled or combustion rags are properly stored or disposed of.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Pass Fail N/A
Employees, trade contractors, vendors, visitors and others on the site wear the appropriate
personal protective equipment.
Hard hats are worn in the construction areas where there is a risk of injury.
Mandatory eye protection is required and worn on all projects in the construction area when the
following conditions exist: all types of hammers, saws, chipping tools, brooms, grinders, impact
tools, drills, chemicals, hazardous substances which create dust, mist, and fumes, concrete
pouring, grouting, etc.
Face shields are worn when a danger of harmful chemical or physical contact with the face is
present.
Those in areas of moderate, extreme or long term noise wear appropriate hearing protection.
Only OSHA respirators approved for the work conditions are used when necessary.
Respirators or appropriate filters are used when using substances containing toxic vapors, fumes
or dust in oxygen deficient environments (less than 19.5% oxygen) or other hazardous areas.
Those painting or working with hazard chemicals are wearing a respirator that meets those
specific requirements.
If non-disposable respirators are used by multiple persons, they are cleaned before each use.
Persons working in confined or enclosed areas where they could be overcome by toxic fumes
work only when an outside observer is present. Rescue equipment is available at all times when
such work is being performed.
Those welding or working with metal or sharp objects are wearing safety goggles.
Overall workers are adequately protected.
HAND & POWER TOOLS
Pass Fail N/A
Construction equipment and vehicles are parked so as to prevent the release of stored energy
(bucket/forks down, brake applied, wheels cocked, etc.).
Only those who are authorized to operate machinery are permitted to do so.
All equipment has functioning signals and horns.
Page 2 of 5
Jobsite Safety Inspection Checklist
Power circuits where accidental contact by tools or equipment may be hazardous, are marked
with warnings explaining the hazard.
All equipment is either grounded or double-insulated.
GFCI circuits are installed on all 110-120 V temporary circuits.
Temporary lights are equipped with guards to prevent accidental contact with bulb.
Receptacles (attachment plugs) are not interchangeable with circuits of different voltages.
Electrical cords are not frayed, cut, nicked and are in good repair.
Electrical cords are not used for hoisting, or carrying tools or equipment.
There are an appropriate number of outlets for the tools being used. Circuits are not overloaded.
The circuit breaker panel is clearly labeled and secured.
Electrical outlets are provided with a face plate.
The Electrical panel has at least 4 square feet in front that is clear and unobstructed.
Work areas are kept free of cords and excess equipment.
FALL PROTECTION
Pass Fail N/A
arrest system (exceptions are made for those installing trusses when a truss erection plan has
been approved and adequate training provided).
Employees working down below other employees or hazards are protected (hard hats, canopies,
toe board, etc).
The time that employees are subjected to fall hazards is minimized.
Personal fall protection devices and equipment are provided with training on fall protection.
Openings less than 44 inches off the floor and greater than six feet from any lower surface are
protected by a guardrail or other suitable safety precaution.
Rope guardrails are marked every six feet with a highly visible material.
100% tie off is required when working at or above 25'. This requires the use of 2 lanyards, life
lines, or static lines.
Personal fall arrest systems are inspected prior to each use by a competent person. Lanyard,
harness, D-rings, and other personal fall arrest systems are in good condition and suitable for use.
Fall arrest systems are anchored to an appropriate way and are capable of withstanding 5000lbs
of force.
SCAFFOLDING
Pass Fail N/A
Areas used for access and egress which have a change in elevation of more than 19" are provided
with stairs, ladders or properly designed ramps.
Stairs that have 4 or more steps have a handrail.
Ladders that are at risk for displacement are tied off and secured.
Ladders extend at least 3 above the landing.
All job-built ladders are constructed in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.25 regulations.
All ladders are in good repair with all safety stickers in place.
Faulty ladders are tagged do not use, blocked with plywood, or rendered inoperable until
repaired or removed or discarded.
All ladders that have the potential of slipping or being bumped are tied off.
All ladders are free of grease, oil, paint, or other slipping hazards.
Step ladders are used in the open position.
The spacing of rungs is between 10 and 14.
No metal ladders are used within 10' of electrical power lines.
All manufactured single and extension ladders are equipped with ladder shoes.
Extension ladders are placed so that the distance from the top support to the ladder base is 1/4 the
working distance of the ladder.
SUBCONTRACTORS
Pass Fail N/A
All subcontractors have been trained in company safety requirements and policies.
All subcontractors know who to contact if they have any questions or if they have seen unsafe
working conditions or habits.
Subcontractors understand that they are responsible to maintain their scope of work clean and
clear of possible hazards.
Subcontractors understand that potential hazards or accidents are grounds for disqualification of
work on future projects.
Subcontractors and their employees have been properly trained in safety and health and
understand and comply with all OSHA requirements.
Page 5 of 5
Jobsite Safety Inspection Checklist
Attendance
(M)anagement
(E)mployee
Agenda:
Review minutes of our previous meeting dated
Progress report on last meeting's "To Do" list:
for corrections/approval.
Discuss hazards, concerns, self-inspections, other inspections, etc., since our last meeting.
Meeting Date:
Other
To Do List:
Minutes written by
Assigned to:
Due:
Start time
Location
DANGER
DO NOT ENTER
Michigan Department of Labor & Economic Growth
MIOSHA CONSULTATION EDUCATION & TRAINING (CET) DIVISION
(517) 322-1809 www.michigan.gov/miosha
The Department of Labor & Economic Growth will not discriminate against any individual or group because of race, sex, religion, age, national origin, color, marital status, disability,
or political beliefs. If you need assistance with reading, writing, hearing, etc., under the Americans with Disabilities Act, you may make your need known to this agency.
DONT
TAKE
SHORTCUTS
ON
THE JOB
A SAFETY MESSAGE FROM THE
MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF LABOR & ECONOMIC GROWTH
CONSULTATION EDUCATION & TRAINING DIVISION
MIOSHA-CET #0316
REV. 3/04
Squeeze or press
the handle.
2. Aim
Remember:
4. Sweep
The Department of Labor & Economic Growth will not discriminate against any individual or group
because of race, sex, religion, age, national origin, color, marital status, disability, or political beliefs. If
you need assistance with reading, writing, hearing, etc., under the Americans with Disabilities Act, you
may make your need known to this agency.
Remember
MACHINES
DONT THINK
No matter how well you
know your machine
It doesnt know you!
It doesnt feel.
It doesnt think.
It doesnt know youre
there.
SO PRACTICE JOB
SAFETY!
A Safety
Message from the
Michigan Department of
Labor & Economic Growth
Michigan Occupational Safety & Health Administration
Consultant Education and Training Division
7150 Harris Drive
P.O. Box 30643
Lansing,
Michigan
48909-8143
MIOSHA/CET #0302 (Rev. 12/03)
MSDS(s)
For This
Wor kplace
Are
Located At
Location(s)
Location(s)
Person(s) responsible for MSDS(S)
Phone
As Required by the
Michigan
Right To
Know Law
New or Revised
MSDS
NEW OR REVISED
TITLE
RECEIPT DATE
POSTING DATE
LOCATION OF NEW OR
REVISED MSDS
NO SMOKING, MATCHES
OR OPEN FLAMES
MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF LABOR & ECONOMIC GROWTH
CONSULTATION EDUCATION & TRAINING DIVISION
MIOSHA/CET #0321 Rev. 03/04
SAFETY
FIRST
ALWAYS!
DONT LEARN SAFETY ACCIDENTLY
Michigan Department of Labor & Economic Growth
MIOSHA CONSULTATION EDUCATION AND TRAINING DIVISION
www.michigan.gov/miosha (517) 322-1809
The Michigan Department of Labor & Economic Growth will not discriminate against any individual or group because of race, sex, religion, age, national origin,
color, marital status, disability, or political beliefs. If you need assistance with reading, writing, hearing, etc., under the Americans with Disabilities Act, you may
make your need known to this agency.
MIOSHA/CET #0306 (Rev. 2/08)
Scaffold
Safety
Unless you are performing
an emergency service stay
off scaffolds during storms,
high winds and severe
weather.
When snow and ice have
accumulated, remove them
before doing work.
If, because of an emergency,
you must work, use a safety
harness and lanyard.
A Safety Message
CET #0303 Rev. 10/04
The Department of Labor & Economic Growth will not discriminate against any individual or group
because of race, sex, religion, age, national origin, color, marital status, disability, or political beliefs. If
you need assistance with reading, writing, hearing, etc., under the Americans with Disabilities Act, you
may make your need known to this agency.
ATTENTION EMPLOYEES
The Michigan Whistleblowers' Protection Act (469 P .A. 1980) creates certain
protections and obligations for employees and employers under Michigan law.
PROTECTIONS:
It is illegal for employers in Michigan to discharge, threaten or otherwise
discriminate against you regarding your compensation, terms, conditions, location or
privileges of employment because you or a person acting on your behalf reports or is
about or report a violation or a suspected violation of federal, state or local laws, rules or
regulations to a public body.
It is illegal for employers in Michigan to discharge, threaten or otherwise
discriminate against you regarding your compensation, terms, conditions, location or
privileges of employment because you take part in a public hearing, investigation,
inquiry or court action.
OBLIGATIONS:
The Act does not diminish or impair either your rights or the rights of your employer
under any collective bargaining agreement.
The Act does not require your employer to compensate you for your participation in
a public hearing, investigation, inquiry or court action.
The Act does not protect you from disciplinary action if you make a report to a
public body that you know is false.
ENFORCEMENT:
If you believe that your employer has violated this Act you may bring civil action in
circuit court within 90 days of the alleged violation of the Act.
PENALTIES:
Persons found in violation of this Act may be subject to a civil fine of up to $500.00.
If your employer has violated this Act the court can order your reinstatement, the
payment of back wages, full reinstatement of fringe benefits and seniority rights, actual
damages, or any combination of these remedies. The court may also award all or a
portion of the costs of litigation, including reasonable attorney fees and witness fees to
the complainant if the court believes such an award is appropriate.
This poster is provided as a courtesy of the Michigan Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (MIOSHA). Vist our website at www.michigan.gov/miosha.