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Centre of Mass Jee Main PDF
Centre of Mass Jee Main PDF
CENTRE OF MASS
Every physical system has associated with it a certain point whose motion characterises the motion of
the whole system. When the system moves under some external forces, then this point moves as if the
entire mass of the system is concentrated at this point and also the external force is applied at this
point for translational motion. This point is called the centre of mass of the system.
m1r1 m 2 r2 ........ mn rn
; rcm =
rcm =
m1 m 2 ........ m n
rcm =
M
m r
i i
i 1
n
i 1
m r
i i
i 1
M =
i1
Note:
i 1
r1
m2
=
r2
m1
or
m1r 1 = m 2r 2
or
m2
m1
r and r =
r 1 =
2
m
m
1
2
m1 m 2
Here,
r 1 = distance of COM from m 1
and
r 2 = distance of COM from m 2
From the above discussion, we see that
r 1 = r 2 = 1/2 if m 1 = m 2, i.e., COM lies midway between the two particles of equal masses.
Similarly, r 1 > r 2 if m 1 < m 2 and r 1 < r 2 if m 2 < m 1, i.e., COM is nearer to the particle having larger
mass.
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 1
Example 1.
Two particles of mass 1 kg and 2 kg are located at x = 0 and x = 3 m. Find the position of their
centre of mass.
Solution :
Since, both the particles lies on x-axis, the COM will also lie on x-axis. Let the COM is
located at x = x, then
r 1 = distance of COM from the particle of mass 1 kg = x
r1
m2
r2 = m1
or
x
2
=
or x = 2 m
3x
1
Ans.
Solution :
The position vector of COM of the three particles will be given by
m1r1 m 2 r2 m 3 r3
rCOM
m1 m 2 m 3
Substituting the values, we get
1
(1)( i 4j k ) (2)(i j k ) (3)(2i j 2k )
rCOM
( 3 i j k ) m
2
1 2 3
Example 3.
Ans.
Four particles of mass 1 kg, 2 kg, 3 kg and 4 kg are placed at the four vertices A, B, C and D
of a square of side 1 m. Find the position of centre of mass of the particles.
Solution :
Assuming D as the origin, DC as x -axis and DA as y-axis, we have
m 1 = 1 kg, (x 1, y1) = (0, 1m)
m 2 = 2 kg, (x 2, y2) = (1m, 1m)
m 3 = 3 kg, (x 3, y3) = (1m, 0)
and
m 4 = 4 kg, (x 4, y4) = (0, 0)
Co-ordinates of their COM are
x COM =
m1x1 m 2 x 2 m3m 3 m 4 x 4
m1 m 2 m 3 m 4
=
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 2
m1y1 m 2 y 2 m 3 y 3 m 4 y 4
m1 m 2 m 3 m 4
Similarly, yCOM =
Ans.
Consider a two-particle system with the particles having masses m 1 and m 2. If the first particle
is pushed towards the centre of mass through a distance d, by what distance should the
second particle be moved so as to keep the centre of mass at the same position?
Solution :
Consider figure. Suppose the distance of m 1 from the centre of mass C is x1 and that of m 2 from
C is x 2. Suppose the mass m 2 is moved through a distance d towards C so as to keep the
centre of mass at C.
Then, m 1x 1 = m 2x 2
and
m 1(x 1 d) = m 2 (x 2 d).
Subtracting (ii) from (i)
m 1d = m 2 d
or,
.........(i)
.........(ii)
m1
d = m d,
2
x cm =
x dm , y
dm
cm
y dm , z
dm
rcm =
M
cm
z dm
dm
r dm .
Note: If an object has symmetric mass distribution about x axis then y coordinate of COM is zero and
vice-versa
M
L
M
dx
L
The coordinates of the element dx are (x, 0, 0). Therefore, x-coordinate of COM of the rod will be
Hence, dm, (the mass of the element dx situated at x = x is) =
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 3
x COM =
x dm
dx
dm
L
1
L
x=x
x=0
x=L
M
( x ) dx
L
M
L
x dx
L
2
yCOM =
Similarly,
y dm
dm
= 0
z COM = 0
i.e., the coordinates of COM of the rod are , 0, 0 , i.e. it lies at the centre of the rod.
2
Example 5.
A rod of length L is placed along the x-axis between x = 0 and x = L. The linear density (mass/length)
of the rod varies with the distance x from the origin as = Rx. Here, R is a positive constant. Find
the position of centre of mass of this rod.
Solution :
dx
x COM =
x=0
x dm
dm
R x dx
( x )(Rx) dx
0
(Rx) dx
0
0
L
R x dx
Similarly,
x3
3 0
L
x2
2 0
y dm
dm
2L
3
=0
(as y = 0)
z COM = 0
2L
RESONANCE
x=L
x=x
Ans.
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 4
CENTRE OF MASS OF A SEMICIRCULAR RING
Figure shows the object (semi circular ring). By observation we can say that the x-coordinate of
the centre of mass of the ring is zero as the half ring is symmetrical abnout y-axis on both sides
of the origin. Only we are required to find the y-coordinate of the centre of mass.
Y
Rd
y=Rsin
ycm d
ycm =
1
M
dm y
...(i)
Here for dm we consider an elemental arc of the ring at an angle from the x-direction of angular
width d. If radius of the ring is R then its y coordinate will be R sin, here dm is given as
dm =
M
R d
R
ycm
1
=
M
ycm =
M
Rd (R sin)
R
R
=
sin d
0
2R
...(ii)
2M
R 2
( x)dx
Y
ycm
dx
x
X
R
2x
, as in previous section, we have derived that
RESONANCE
1
ycm =
M
2x
dm
1
=
M
4M
R
0
x 2 dx
2R
ycm =
4R
3
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 5
1.
Centre of mass of a uniform rectangular, square or circular plate lies at its centre. Axis of symmetry plane of symmetry.
2.
For a laminar type (2-dimensional) body with uniform negligible thickness the formulae for finding
the position of centre of mass are as follows :
m r m 2 r2 .... A 1t r1 A 2 t r2 ....
rCOM 1 1
( m = At)
m1 m 2 ....
A 1t A 2 t ....
A r A 2 r2 ....
rCOM 1 1
A 1 A 2 ....
or
If some mass of area is removed from a rigid body, then the position of centre of mass of the
remaining portion is obtained from the following formulae:
(i)
m1r1 m 2 r2
A 1r1 A 2 r2
rCOM
rCOM
m1 m 2 or
A1 A 2
(ii)
x COM
m1x1 m 2 x 2
A x A 2x2
x COM 1 1
or
m1 m 2
A1 A 2
y COM
m1y1 m 2 y 2
A y A 2y2
y COM 1 1
or
m1 m 2
A1 A 2
z COM
m1z1 m 2 z 2
A 1z1 A 2 z 2
or z COM A A
m1 m 2
1
2
and
Here, m1, A1, r1 , x1, y1 and z1 are the values for the whole mass while m2, A2, r2 , x 2 , y2 and z2 are the values
for the mass which has been removed. Let us see two examples in support of the above theory.
Example 6.
Find the position of centre of mass of the uniform lamina shown in figure.
Y
a
O
Solution :
Here,
A 1 = area of complete circle = a 2
a
A 2 = area of small circle =
2
a 2
4
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 6
and
a
(x 2, y2) = coordinates of centre of mass of small circle = , 0
2
Using x COM =
A 1x1 A 2 x 2
A1 A 2
1
a 2 a
8
4 2
a
=
=
a =
2
3
6
a
a 2
4
4
we get x COM
a
Therefore, coordinates of COM of the lamina shown in figure are , 0
6
Ans.
xc =
b
2
yc =
at the centroid : yc =
h
3
A semi-circular ring
yc =
L
2
2R
xc = 0
A semi-circular disc
yc =
4R
3
xc = 0
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 7
A hemispherical shell
yc =
3R
8
xc = 0
xc = 0
A solid hemisphere
yc =
R
2
h
4
yc =
h
3
Example 7.
A uniform thin rod is bent in the form of closed loop ABCDEFA as shown in the figure. The ycoordinate of the centre of mass of the system is
(A)
2r
(B)
6r
3 2
(C)
2r
Ans.
(B)
Solution.
(D) Zero
2r
from its centre. (Let = mass/
length)
Ycm =
2r
4r
2r
6r
r r r 2r
3 2
v cm =
dr1
dr
dr
dr
m 2 2 m 3 3 .......... .... m n n
m1 v1 m 2 v 2 m 3 v 3 .......... mn v n
dt
dt
dt
dt
=
M
M
Here numerator of the right hand side term is the total momentum of the system i.e., summation
of momentum of the individual component (particle) of the system
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 8
Hence velocity of centre of mass of the system is the ratio of momentum of the system to the mass of the
system.
PSystem
= M v cm
dv
dv
dv
dv
m1 1 m 2 2 m 3 3 .......... .... mn n
m1a1 m 2 a 2 m 3 a 3 .......... mn an
dt
dt
dt
dt =
a cm =
M
M
Net force on system
Net External Force Net int ernal Force
Net External Force
=
=
M
M
M
(action and reaction both of an internal force must be within the system. Vector summation will
cancel all internal forces and hence net internal force on system is zero)
Fext = M a cm
where Fext is the sum of the 'external' forces acting on the system. The internal forces which the
=
particles exert on one another play absolutely no role in the motion of the centre of mass.
If no external force is acting on a system of particles, the acceleration of centre of mass of the
system will be zero. If a c = 0, it implies that v c must be a constant and if v cm is a constant, it
implies that the total momentum of the system must remain constant. It leads to the principal of
conservation of momentum in absence of external forces.
COM at rest :
If F ext = 0 and V cm = 0, then COM remains at rest. Individual components of the system may
move and have non-zero momentum due to mutual forces (internal), but the net momentum of
the system remains zero.
(i)
All the particles of the system are at rest.
(ii)
(iii)
A bomb at rest suddenly explodes into various smaller fragments, all moving in different directions
then, since the explosive forces are internal & there is no external force on the system for explosion therefore, the COM of the bomb will remain at the original position and the fragment fly such
that their net momentum remains zero.
(iv)
Two men standing on a frictionless platform, push each other, then also their net momentum
remains zero because the push forces are internal for the two men system.
(v)
A boat floating in a lake, also has net momentum zero if the people on it changes their position,
because the friction force required to move the people is internal of the boat system.
(vi)
(vii)
Objects initially at rest, if moving under mutual forces (electrostatic or gravitation)also have net
momentum zero.
A light spring of spring constant k kept compressed between two blocks of masses m 1 and
m 2 on a smooth horizontal surface. W hen released, the blocks acquire velocities in opposite directions, such that the net momentum is zero.
(viii)
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 9
(2)
All the particles of the system are moving with same velocity.
e.g.: A car moving with uniform speed on a straight road, has its COM moving with a
constant velocity.
(ii)
Internal explosions / breaking does not change the motion of COM and net momentum
remains conserved. A bomb moving in a straight line suddenly explodes into various smaller
fragments, all moving in different directions then, since the explosive forces are internal & there is
no external force on the system for explosion therefore, the COM of the bomb will continue the
original motion and the fragment fly such that their net momentum remains conserved.
(iii)
Man jumping from cart or buggy also exert internal forces therefore net momentum of the
system and hence, Motion of COM remains conserved.
(iv)
Two moving blocks connected by a light spring on a smooth horizontal surface. If the
acting forces is only due to spring then COM will remain in its motion and momentum will
remain conserved.
(v)
(3)
Particles colliding in absence of external impulsive forces also have their momentum conserved.
COM moving with acceleration :
If an external force is present then COM continues its original
motion as if the external force is acting on it, irrespective of
internal forces.
Example:
Projectile motion : An axe thrown in air at an angle with the
horizontal will perform a complicated m otion of
rotation as well as parabolic m otion under the effect of
gravitation
H com =
R com
u2 sin2
2g
u2 sin 2
=
g
T=
2u sin
g
Rcom
Fc
Example:
Circular Motion : A rod hinged at an end, rotates, than its
COM performs circular motion. The centripetal force (F c)
required in the circular motion is assumed to be acting on
the COM.
2
Fc
Fc
mg
Fc
mg
mg
mg
Fc m R COM
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 10
Example 8.
Solution :
A projectile is fired at a speed of 100 m/s at an angle of 37 above the horizontal. At the highest point,
the projectile breaks into two parts of mass ratio 1 : 3, the lighter piece coming to rest. Find the
distance from the launching point to the point where the heavier piece lands.
Internal force do not effect the motion of the centre of mass, the centre of mass hits the
ground at the position where the original projectile would have landed. The range of the
original projectile is,
2
x COM =
2u sin cos
=
g
2 10 4
3 4
5 5
10
= 960 m
The centre of mass will hit the ground at this position. As the smaller block comes to rest
after breaking, it falls down vertically and hits the ground at half of the range, i.e., at x =
480 m. If the heavier block hits the ground at x 2, then
x COM =
960 =
m1x1 m 2 x 2
m1 m 2
x 2 = 1120 m
Ans.
Momentum Conservation :
The total linear momentum of a system of particles is equal to the product of the total mass of the
dP
Fext =
dt
If
dP = 0
Fext = 0
dt
P = constant
When the vector sum of the external forces acting on a system is zero, the total linear momentum of
the system remains constant.
P + P + P + ...............+ P = constant.
1
2
3
n
Example 9.
A shell is fired from a cannon with a speed of 100 m/s at an angle 60 with the horizontal (positive xdirection). At the highest point of its trajectory, the shell explodes into two equal fragments. One of
the fragments moves along the negative x-direction with a speed of 50 m/s. What is the speed of the
other fragment at the time of explosion.
Solution :
As we know in absence of external force the motion of centre of mass of a body remains
uneffected. Thus, here the centre of mass of the two fragments will continue to follow the
original projectile path. The velocity of the shell at the highest point of trajectory is
v M = ucos = 100 cos60 = 50 m/s.
Let v 1 be the speed of the fragment which moves along the negative x-direction and the
other fragment has speed v 2,. which must be along positive x-direction. Now from momentum conservation, we have
mv =
or
m
m
v1 +
v
2
2 2
or
2v = v 2 v 1
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 11
Example 10.
A man of mass m is standing on a platform of mass M kept on smooth ice. If the man starts moving
on the platform with a speed v relative to the platform, with what velocity relative to the ice does the
platform recoil ?
Solution :
Consider the situation shown in figure. Suppose the man moves at a speed w towards right and
the platform recoils at a speed V towards left, both relative to the ice. Hence, the speed of the
man relative to the platform is V + w. By the question,
w
V + w = v, or w = v V .............(i)
Taking the platform and the man to be the system, there is no
V
external horizontal force on the system. The linear momentum
ice
of the system remains constant. Initially both the man and the /////////////////////////////////////////////////
platform were at rest. Thus,
0 = MV - mw
or,
MV = m (v V)
[Using (i)]
mv
.
Mm
A flat car of mass M is at rest on a frictionless floor with a child of mass m standing at its edge. If
child jumps off from the car towards right with an initial velocity u, with respect to the car, find the
velocity of the car after its jump.
or,
Example 11.
V=
Solution :
Let car attains a velocity v, and the net velocity of the child with respect to earth will be
u v, as u is its velocity with respect to car.
m
m
v
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Initially, the system was at rest, thus according to momentum conservation, momentum
after jump must be zero, as
m (u v) = M v
mu
mM
In a free space a rifle of mass M shoots a bullet of mass m at a stationary block of mass M
distance D away from it. When the bullet has moved through a distance d towards the block
the centre of mass of the bullet-block system is at a distance of :
v=
Example 12.
Ans.
md M D
from the rifle
Mm
(A)
(D d) m
from the block
Mm
(B)
(C)
2 d m DM
from the rifle
Mm
(D) (D d)
M
from the bullet
Mm
(A,B,D)
Bullet
of mass(m)
Block
Rifle
Solution.
COM
x
d
D-d-x
As;
Mx = m(D d x)
x=
and
m(D d)
from the block
Mm
x' = D d x
=
RESONANCE
(D d)M
from the bullet.
Mm
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 12
Example 13.
Ans.
(A) 2
(B)
Solution
(m + m)
Example 14.
x
when mass m is moved by
5
m
is
m
(B) 4
(C) 1/4
x
= mx + mO
5
m + m = 5 m
m = 4 m
m
=4
m
A uniform disc of mass m and radius R is placed on a smooth horizontal floor such that the plane
surface of the disc is in contact with the floor. A man of mass m/2 stands on the disc at its periphery.
The man starts walking along the periphery of the disc. The size of the man is negligible as compared
to the size of the disc. Then the centre of disc.
R
3
R
2
2R
3
Ans.
Solution.
(A)
The centre of mass of man + disc shall always remain at rest. Since the man is always at periphery
of disc, the centre of disc shall always be at distance R/3 from centre of mass of two body system.
Hence centre of disc moves in circle of radius R/3.
Example 15.
A person P of mass 50 kg stands at the middle of a boat of mass 100 kg moving at a constant
velocity 10 m/s with no friction between water and boat and also the engine of the boat is shut
off. With what velocity (relative to the boat surface) should the person move so that the boat
comes to rest. Neglect friction between water and boat.
Ans.
Solution.
Example 16.
Two men of masses 80 kg and 60 kg are standing on a wood plank of mass 100 kg, that has
been placed over a smooth surface. If both the men start moving toward each other with speeds
1 m/s and 2 m/s respectively then find the velocity of the plank by which it starts moving.
Solution.
40
1
=
m/sec.
240
6
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 13
Example 17.
Each of the blocks shown in figure has mass 1 kg. The rear block moves with a speed of
2 m/s towards the front block kept at rest. The spring attached to the front block is light and
has a spring constant 50 N/m. Find the maximum compression of the spring. Assume, on a
friction less surface
1kg
k=50N/m
1kg
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Solution :
Maximum compression will take place when the blocks move with equal velocity. As no net
external horizontal force acts on the system of the two blocks, the total linear momentum will
remain constant. If V is the common speed at maximum compression, we have,
(1 kg) (2 m/s) = (1 kg)V + (1 kg)V
or,
V = 1 m/s.
Initial kinetic energy =
1
(1 kg) (2 m/s)2 = 2 J.
2
1
1
(1 kg) (1m/s)2 +
(1 kg) (1 m/s)2 = 1 J
2
2
The kinetic energy lost is stored as the elastic energy in the spring.
Example 18.
Hence,
1
(50 N/m) x 2 = 2J 1J = 1 J
2
or,
x = 0.2 m.
Figure shows two blocks of masses 5 kg and 2 kg placed on a frictionless surface and connected with a spring. An external kick gives a velocity 14 m/s to the heavier block towards the
lighter one. Deduce (a) velocity gained by the centre of mass and (b) the separate velocities of
the two blocks with respect to centre of mass just after the kick.
5kg
2kg
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Solution :
(a)
(b)
Example 19.
Ans.
5 14 2 0
= 10 m/s
52
Due to kick on 5 kg block, it starts moving with a velocity 14 m/s immediately, but
due to inertia 2 kg block remains at rest, at that moment. Thus, velocity of 5 kg
block with respect to the centre of mass is v 1 = 14 10 = 4 m/s and the velocity
of 2 kg block w.r.t. to centre of mass is v 2 = 0 10 = 10 m/s
The two blocks A and B of same mass connected to a spring and placed on a smooth surface. They
are given velocities (as shown in the figure) when the spring is in its natural length :
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(A)
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 14
Solution.
Suppose B moves with a velocity more than 10 m/s a should move at a velocity greater than 5
m/s and increases the overall energy which is not possible since there is no external force
acting on the system. Hence B should move with a maximum velocity 10 m/s.
Also both A and B can never stop so as to keep the momentum constant.
Also both A and B can never move towards left simultaneously for momentum remaining conserved.
Hence only (A) is correct.
IMPULSE
Impulse of a force F acting on a body for the time interval t = t1 to t = t2is defined as :
t2
dv
F
dt
m
dt = m dv
= Fdt =
= t1
dt
Also,
t2
Res =
FRes dt = P
(impulse - momentum theorem)
t1
Instantaneous Impulse :
There are many cases when a force acts for such a short time that the effect is instantaneous,
e.g., a bat striking a ball. In such cases, although the magnitude of the force and the time for
which it acts may each be unknown but the value of their product (i.e., impulse) can be known by
measuring the initial and final momenta. Thus, we can write.
F dt P Pf Pi
Important Points :
(1)
It is a vector quantity.
(2)
Dimensions = [MLT 1]
(3)
S unit = kg m/s
(4)
Direction is along change in momentum.
(5)
Magnitude is equal to area under the F-t. graph.
(6)
= Fdt = Fav dt = Fav t
(7)
Example 20.
Solution :
It is not a property of a particle, but it is a measure of the degree to which an external force
changes the momentum of the particle.
The hero of a stunt film fires 50 g bullets from a machine gun, each at a speed of 1.0 km/s. If
he fires 20 bullets in 4 seconds, what average force does he exert against the machine gun
during this period.
The momentum of each bullet
= (0.050 kg) (1000 m/s) = 50 kg-m/s.
The gun has been imparted this much amount of momentum by each bullet fired. Thus, the rate
of change of momentum of the gun
(50 kg m / s) 20
=
= 250 N.
4s
In order to hold the gun, the hero must exert a force of 250 N against the gun.
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 15
Impulsive force :
Note:
A force, of relatively higher magnitude and acting for relatively shorter time, is called impulsive force.
An impulsive force can change the momentum of a body in a finite magnitude in a very short time
interval. Impulsive force is a relative term. There is no clear boundary between an impulsive and NonImpulsive force.
Usually colliding forces are impulsive in nature.
Since, the application time is very small, hence, very little motion of the particle takes place.
1.
2.
3.
Important points :
Gravitational force and spring force are always non-Impulsive.
Normal, tension and friction are case dependent.
An impulsive force can only be balanced by another impulsive force.
1.
Impulsive Normal : In case of collision, normal forces at the surface of collision are always impulsive
eg.
Ni = Impulsive; Ng = Non-impulsive
N1
Both normals are Impulsive
N2
/////////////////////////////
N1
N1
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
N3
N2
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 16
2.
Impulsive Friction : If the normal between the two objects is impulsive, then the friction between the
two will also be impulsive.
Impulsive Tensions : W hen a string jerks, equal and opposite tension act suddenly at each
end. Consequently equal and opposite impulses act on the bodies attached with the string in the
direction of the string. There are two cases to be considered.
(a)
One end of the string is fixed :
The impulse which acts at the fixed end of the string cannot change the momentum of the
fixed object there. The object attached to the free end however will undergo a change in
momentum in the direction of the string. The momentum remains unchanged in a direction
perpendicular to the string where no impulsive forces act.
(b)
///////////////////
Both ends of the string attached to movable objects :
In this case equal and opposite impulses act on
T
the two objects, producing equal and opposite
T is Impulsive
A
changes in momentum. The total momentum of the
system therefore remains constant, although the
B
momentum of each individual object is changed in T is non-impulsive
the direction of the string. Perpendicular to the string
C
however, no impulse acts and the momentum of each
T is non-impulsive
particle in this direction is unchanged.
All normal are impulsive but tension
T is impulsive only for the ball A
Example 21. Two identical block A and B, connected by a massless string are placed on a frictionless horizontal
plane. A bullet having same mass, moving with speed u strikes block B from behind as shown. If the
bullet gets embedded into the block B then find :
m
A
m u
m
B
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 17
Solution :
(a)
(b)
T dt
(c)
N dt m 3 u
(d)
(N T) dt = Ndt T dt
mu
3
N dt
u
3
2mu
3
mu
3
2mu
3
COLLISION OR IMPACT
Collision is an event in which an impulsive force acts between two or more bodies for a short time,
which results in change of their velocities.
Note : (a)
(b)
The duration of collision, t is negligible as compared to the usual time intervals of observation
of motion.
(c)
In a collision the effect of external non impulsive forces such as gravity are not taken into a
account as due to small duration of collision (t) average impulsive force responsible for collision is much larger than external forces acting on the system.
The collision is infact a redistribution of total momentum of the particles. Thus, law of
conservation of linear momentum is indispensable in dealing with the phenomenon of collision
between particles.
Line of Impact
The line passing through the common normal to the surfaces in contact during impact is called line of
impact. The force during collision acts along this line on both the bodies.
Direction of Line of impact can be determined by:
(a) Geometry of colliding objects like spheres, discs, wedge etc.
(b) Direction of change of momentum.
If one particle is stationary before the collision then the line of impact will be along its motion after
collision.
Classification of collisions
(a) On the basis of line of impact
(i) Head-on collision : If the velocities of the colliding particles are along the same line before
and after the collision.
(ii) Oblique collision : If the velocities of the colliding particles are along different lines before
and after the collision.
(b) On the basis of energy :
(i)
Elastic collision : In an elastic collision, the colliding particles regain their shape and size
completely after collision. i.e., no fraction of mechanical energy remains stored as deformation potential energy in the bodies. Thus, kinetic energy of system after collision is equal
to kinetic energy of system before collision. Thus in addition to the linear momentum, kinetic energy also remains conserved before and after collision.
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 18
(ii) Inelastic collision : In an inelastic collision, the colliding particles do not regain their shape
and size completely after collision. Some fraction of mechanical energy is retained by the
colliding particles in the form of deformation potential energy. Thus, the kinetic energy of
the particles after collision is not equal to that of before collision. However, in the absence
of external forces, law of conservation of linear momentum still holds good.
(iii) Perfectly inelastic : If velocity of separation along the line of impact just after collision becomes zero then the collision is perfectly inelastic. Collision is said to be perfectly
inelastic if both the particles stick together after collision and move with same velocity,
Note : Actually collision between all real objects are neither perfectly elastic nor perfectly inelastic, its inelastic in nature.
Two balls A and B are approaching each other such that their centres are moving along line CD.
Head on Collision
(ii)
Two balls A and B are approaching each other such that their centre are moving along dotted lines as shown
in figure.
Oblique Collision
(iii)
Oblique Collision
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 19
Im pulse of reformatio n
e = Im pulse of deformatio n =
F dt
F dt
r
u2
Line of impact
Line of impact
C
u1 > u2
v1 < v2
u2
u1
ND
m1
ND
m2
NR
m1
v2
v1
NR
m2
m1
m2
Deformation
Reformation
v=
m1u1 m 2u 2
m1v 1 m 2 v 2
=
m1 m 2
m1 m 2
.......(1)
Impulse of Deformation :
J D = change in momentum of any one body during deformation.
= m 2 (v u2)
for m 2
= m 1 (v + u1)
for m 1
Impulse of Reformation :
J R = change in momentum of any one body during Reformation.
= m 2 (v2 v)
for m 2
= m 1 (v v1)
for m 1
v 2 v1
Velocity of separation along line of impact
Impulse of Reformation ( JR )
e=
= u u
= Velocity of approach along line of impact
1
2
Impulse of Deformation ( J )
D
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 20
Note : e is independent of shape and mass of object but depends on the material.
The coefficient of restitution is constant for a pair of materials.
(a)
e=1
Impulse of Reformation = Impulse of Deformation
Velocity of separation along the LOI = Velocity of approach along the LOI
(b)
(c)
e=0
0<e<1
Kinetic energy of particles after collision may be equal to that of before collision.
Collision is elastic.
Impulse of Reformation = 0
Velocity of separation along the LOI= 0
Kinetic energy of particles after collision is not equal to that of before collision.
Collision is Inelastic.
0e1
Important Point :
In case of elastic collision, if rough surface is present then
k f < k i (because friction is impulsive)
Where, k is Kinetic Energy.
Rough
/////////////////////////////////////
A particle B moving along the dotted line collides with a rod also in state of motion as shown in the figure.
The particle B comes in contact with point C on the rod.
To write down the expression for coefficient of restitution e, we first draw the line of impact. Then we resolve
the components of velocities of points of contact of both the bodies along line of impact just before and just
after collision.
Then
v 2 x v 1x
e = u u
1x
2x
m1
m2
u2
u1
(a)
Before Collision
u1 > u2
v 2 v1
e = u u
1
2
RESONANCE
m2
v2
v1
(b)
After Collision
v2 > v1
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 21
By momentum conservation,
m 1u 1 + m 2u 2 = m 1v 1 + m 2v 2
v2 = v1 + e(u1 u2)
and
v1 =
m1u1 m 2u 2 m 2 e(u1 u 2 )
m1 m 2
v2 =
m1u1 m 2u 2 m1e(u1 u 2 )
m1 m 2
Special Case :
(1)
e=0
v1 = v2
for perfectly inelastic collision, both the bodies, move with same vel. after collision.
(2)
e=1
and
m 1 = m 2 = m,
we get v1 = u2 and v2 = u1
i.e., when two particles of equal mass collide elastically and the collision is head on, they exchange their velocities., e.g.
v1=0
m
2m/s
Before Collision
(3)
m 1 >> m 2
m 1 + m 2 m 1 and
m2
0
m1
v1 = u1 No change
and
v2 = u1 + e(u1 u2)
Now If e = 1
v2 = 2u1 u2
Example 22.
Two identical balls are approaching towards each other on a straight line with velocity 2 m/s
and 4 m/s respectively. Find the final velocities, after elastic collision between them.
m
2m/s
4m/s
Solution :
The two velocities will be exchanged and the final motion is reverse of initial motion for both.
4m/s
RESONANCE
2m/s
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 22
Example 23.
Three balls A, B and C of same mass m are placed on a frictionless horizontal plane in a
straight line as shown. Ball A is moved with velocity u towards the middle ball B. If all the
collisions are elastic then, find the final velocities of all the balls.
m
m
m
u
A
B
C
//////////////////////////////////////////
Solution :
A collides elastically with B and comes to rest but B starts moving with velocity u
m m
m
u
A B
C
//////////////////////////////////////////
After a while B collides elastically with C and comes to rest but C starts moving with velocity u
m
m m
u
A
B C
//////////////////////////////////////////
Final velocities
VA = 0;
VB = 0 and VC = u
Example 24.
Ans.
Four identical balls A, B, C and D are placed in a line on a frictionless horizontal surface. A and
D are moved with same speed u towards the middle as shown. Assuming elastic collisions,
find the final velocities.
u
u
A
B
C
D
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Solution :
A and D collides elastically with B and C respectively and come to rest but B and C starts
moving with velocity u towards each other as shown
u u
A B
C D
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
B and C collides elastically and exchange their velocities to move in opposite directions
u
u
A
B C
D
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Now, B and C collides elastically with A and D respectively and come to rest but A and D starts
moving with velocity u away from each other as shown
u
A B
C D
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
u
Ans.
Two particles of mass m and 2m moving in opposite directions on a frictionless surface collide
elastically with velocity v and 2v respectively. Find their velocities after collision, also find the
fraction of kinetic energy lost by the colliding particles.
2v
2m
Solution :
Let the final velocities of m and 2m be v 1 and v 2 respectively as shown in the figure:
m
By conservation of momentum:
m(2v) + 2m(v) = m(v 1) + 2m (v 2)
or
0 = mv 1 + 2mv 2
or
v 1 + 2v 2 = 0
RESONANCE
2m
v2
.........(1)
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 23
.........(2)
i.e., the mass 2m returns with velocity v while the mass m returns with velocity 2v in the
direction shown in figure:
2m
Example 26.
1
1
1
1
m( 2v ) 2 ( 2m)( v ) 2 m( 2v ) 2 ( 2m)v 2 = 0
2
2
2
2
On a frictionless surface, a ball of mass m moving at a speed v makes a head on collision with
an identical ball at rest. The kinetic energy of the balls after the collision is 3/4th of the original.
Find the coefficient of restitution.
Solution :
As we have seen in the above discussion, that under the given conditions :
Kf
Given that
1 e
v2'
v
2
3
Ki
4
or
1
1
3 1 mv 2
mv 1 2 +
mv 2 2 =
2
2
4 2
or
e =
1 e
2
Example 27.
1 e
+
2
3
4
1
2
Ans.
A block of mass 2 kg is pushed towards a very heavy object moving with 2 m/s closer to the
block (as shown). Assuming elastic collision and frictionless surfaces, find the final velocities
of the blocks.
2m/s
2kg
10m/s
very
heavy
object
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Solution :
Let v1 and v2 be the final velocities of 2kg block and heavy object respectively then,
v1 = u1 + 1 (u1 u2) = 2u1 u2 = 14 m/s
v2 = 2m/s
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 24
Example 28.
A ball is moving with velocity 2 m/s towards a heavy wall moving towards the ball with speed
1m/s as shown in fig. Assuming collision to be elastic, find the velocity of the ball immediately
after the collision.
Solution :
The speed of wall will not change after the collision. So, let v be the velocity of the ball
after collision in the direction shown in figure. Since collision is elastic (e = 1),
Two balls of masses 2 kg and 4 kg are moved towards each other with velocities 4 m/s and
2 m/s respectively on a frictionless surface. After colliding the 2 kg ball returns back with
velocity 2m/s.
Just before collision
2kg
4m/s 2m/s
4kg
////////////////////////////////////////////
2kg
4kg
v2
////////////////////////////////////////
Then find:
(a) velocity of 4 kg ball after collision
(b) coefficient of restitution e.
(c) Impulse of deformation JD.
(d) Maximum potential energy of deformation.
(e) Impulse of reformation JR.
Solution :
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
By momentum conservation,
2(4) 4(2) = 2(2) + 4(v2)
v2 = 1 m/s
velocity of separation
1 ( 2) 3
= 0.5
e = velocity of approach =
4 ( 2 ) 6
At maximum deformed state, by conservation of momentum, common velocity is v = 0.
JD = m 1(v u1) = m2(v u2) = 2(0 4) = 8 N -s
= 4(0 2) = 8 N - s
or
= 4(0 2) = 8 N - s
Potential energy at maximum deformed state U = loss in kinetic energy during deformation.
or
1
1
1
2
2
U = m1u1 m 2u 2
(m1 + m 2)v2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
= 2( 4) 4( 2)
(2 + 4) (0)2
2
2
or
RESONANCE
U = 24 Joule
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 25
(e)
or
or
JR
e = J
D
JR = eJD
= (0.5) (8)
= 4 N-s
A pair of equal and opposite impulses act along common normal direction. Hence, linear momentum of individual particles do change along common normal direction. If mass of the colliding
particles remain constant during collision, then we can say that linear velocity of the individual
particles change during collision in this direction.
2.
No component of impulse act along common tangent direction. Hence, linear momentum or linear
velocity of individual particles (if mass is constant) remain unchanged along this direction.
3.
Net impulse on both the particles is zero during collision. Hence, net momentum of both the
particles remain conserved before and after collision in any direction.
4.
Definition of coefficient of restitution can be applied along common normal direction, i.e., along
common normal direction we can apply
Relative speed of separation = e (relative speed of approach)
Example 30.
A ball of mass m hits a floor with a speed v0 making an angle of incidence a with the normal. The
coefficient of restitution is e. Find the speed of the reflected ball and the angle of reflection of the
ball.
Solution :
The component of velocity v 0 along common tangential direction v 0 sin will remain unchanged. Let v be the component along common normal direction after collision. Applying,
Relative speed of separation = e (Relative speed of approach)
along common normal direction, we get
v = ev 0 cos
v (= ev0cos)
v'
v0sin
Note :
and
v 0 sin
tan = ev cos
0
or
tan =
tan
e
Ans.
v = v 0
and
RESONANCE
Ans.
=
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 26
Example 31.
A ball of mass m makes an elastic collision with another identical ball at rest. Show that if the
collision is oblique, the bodies go at right angles to each other after collision.
Solution :
In head on elastic collision between two particles, they exchange their velocities. In this
case, the component of ball 1 along common normal direction, v cos
becomes zero after collision, while that of 2 becomes v cos . W hile the components
along common tangent direction of both the particles remain unchanged. Thus, the components along common tangent and common normal direction of both the balls in tabular
form are given below.
Component along common
tangent direction
Ball
1
2
Before collision
v sin
After collision
v sin
After collision
v cos
From the above table and figure, we see that both the balls move at right angle after
collision with velocities v sin and v cos .
Note : When two identical bodies have an oblique elastic collision, with one body at rest before collision, then
the two bodies will go in directions.
If a mass is added or ejected from a system, at rate kg/s and relative velocity v rel (w.r.t. the system),
then the force exerted by this mass on the system has magnitude v rel .
Thrust Force ( Ft )
dm
Ft v rel
dt
Suppose at some moment t = t mass of a body is m and its velocity is v . After some time at t =
t + dt its mass becomes (m dm) and velocity becomes v dv . The mass dm is ejected with
relative velocity v r . Absolute velocity of mass dm is therefore ( v + v r ). If no external forces are
acting on the system, the linear momentum of the system will remain conserved, or
Pi Pf
or
m v = (m dm) ( v + d v ) + dm ( v + v r )
or
m v = m v + md v (dm) v (dm) (d v ) + (dm) v + v r dm
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 27
The term (dm) (d v ) is too small and can be neglected.
dm
dv
= vr
md v = v r dm
or
dt
dt
1.
2.
Here,
dv
m
= thrust force F
t
dt
and
dm
= rate at which mass is ejecting
dt
or
dm
Ft v r
dt
dm
Apply an additional thrust force Ft on the mass, the magnitude of which is v r dt and direc
tion is given by the direction of v r in case the mass is increasing and otherwise the direction of
v r if it is decreasing.
3.
dv
Fnet m
(m = mass at the particular instant)
dt
4.
dm
be the mass of the gas ejected per unit time and v r the exhaust velocity of the
Further, let
dt
dm
and v r are kept constant throughout the journey of
gases with respect to rocket. Usually
dt
the rocket. Now, let us write few equations which can be used in the problems of rocket propulsion. At time t = t,
1.
dm
Ft = vr
dt
(upwards)
2.
3.
W = mg
F net = F t W
(downwards)
(upwards)
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 28
or
4.
dm
mg
F net = v r
dt
or
vr
dv
=
m
dt
or
dv =
F
m
dm
g
dt
vr
m
dm
dv v r
or
a=
m0
g dt
dm
g
m
m0
Thus, v = u gt + v r n
m
dt
0
...(i)
dm
dm
is upwards, as v r is downwards and
Note : 1. F t = v r
is negative.
dt
dt
m0
.
2. If gravity is ignored and initial velocity of the rocket u = 0, Eq. (i) reduces to v = v r ln
m
Example 32.
A rocket, with an initial mass of 1000 kg, is launched vertically upwards from rest under gravity.
The rocket burns fuel at the rate of 10 kg per second. The burnt matter is ejected vertically
downwards with a speed of 2000 ms 1 relative to the rocket. If burning stopsafter one minute.
Find the maximum velocity of the rocket. (Take g as at 10 ms 2)
Solution :
Using the velocity equation
m
v = u gt + v r ln 0
m
Here u = 0, t = 60s, g = 10 m/s 2, v r = 2000 m/s, m 0 = 1000 kg
and
m = 1000 10 60 = 400 kg
1000
v = 0 600 + 2000 ln
400
or
v = 2000 ln 2.5 600
The maximum velocity of the rocket is 200(10 ln 2.5 3) = 1232.6 ms 1
W e get
Example 33. A flat car of mass m 0 starts moving to the right due to a
constant horizontal force F. Sand spills on the flat car from
a stationary hopper. The rate of loading is constant and
equal to kg/s. Find the time dependence of the
velocity and the acceleration of the flat car in the process
of loading. The friction is negligibly small.
Solution :
Ans.
m0
Initial velocity of the flat car is zero. Let v be its velocity at time t and m its mass at that
instant. Then
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 29
At t = 0, v = 0 and m = m 0 at t = t, v = v and m = m 0 + t
Here, v r = v
(backwards)
dm
=
dt
Ft = vr
dm
= v
dt
(backwards)
or
or
(m 0 + t)
m t
F
= n 0
n
F v
m0
F
m0 t
=
F v
m0
Solution :
or
or
dv
=
F v
dt
m 0 t
1
1
[n (F v)] 0v =
[n (m 0 + t)] 0t
or
v=
Ft
m0 t
Ans.
dv
= acceleration of flat car at time t
dt
F v
m
Ft
F
m
0 t
a =
m 0 t
Example 34.
dv
=F v
dt
or
....(i)
or
a=
Fm 0
(m 0 t ) 2
Ans.
A cart loaded with sand moves along a horizontal floor due to a constant force F coinciding in
direction with the carts velocity vector. In the process sand spills through a hole in the bottom
with a constant rate kg/s. Find the acceleration and velocity of the cart at the moment t, if at
the initial moment t = 0 the cart with loaded sand had the mass m 0 and its velocity was equal
to zero. Friction is to be neglected.
In this problem the sand spills through a hole in the bottom of the cart. Hence, the relative
velocity of the sand v r will be zero because it will acquire the same velocity as that of the
cart at the moment.
vr = 0
v
m
F
dm
as Ft v r
Thus, F t = 0
dt
v
and the net force will be F only.
F net = F
dv
= F
m
dt
But here
RESONANCE
....(i)
m = m 0 t
(m 0 t)
dv
=F
dt
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 30
dv =
or
v=
F dt
t
0 m0
F
n ( m0 t ) 0t
or
v=
F m 0
ln
m 0 t
Ans.
dv
F
=
dt
m
or
F
a = m t
0
Ans.
dP
Fext =
dt
Note:
Fext dt = dP
dP = Fext )mpulsive dt
If Fext )mpulsive = 0
dP = 0
or
P is constant
Momentum is conserved if the external force present is non-impulsive. eg. gravitation or spring force
Example 35.
Two balls are moving towards each other on a vertical line collides with each other as shown.
Find their velocities just after collision.
2kg
3m/s
4m/s
4kg
4m/s
Solution :
RESONANCE
2kg
v
4kg
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 31
/////////////////////
Example 36. A bullet of mass 50g is fired from below into the bob of mass
450g of a long simple pendulum as shown in figure. The bullet
remains inside the bob and the bob rises through a height of
1.8 m. Find the speed of the bullet. Take g = 10 m/s 2.
Solution :
Let the speed of the bullet be v. Let the common velocity of the bullet and the bob, after the
bullet is embedded into the bob, is V. By the principle of conservation of the linear momentum,
(0.05 kg) v
v
V = 0.45 kg 0.05 kg =
10
The string becomes loose and the bob will go up with a deceleration of g = 10 m/s2. As it comes
to rest at a height of 1.8 m, using the equation v2 = u2 + 2ax,
1.8 m =
Problem 1.
( v / 10) 2
2 10 m / s 2
or,
v = 60 m/s.
Three particles of masses 0.5 kg, 1.0 kg and 1.5 kg are placed at the three corners of a right
angled triangle of sides 3.0 cm, 4.0 cm and 5.0 cm as shown in figure. Locate the centre of
mass of the system.
Solution :
1.5 kg
(C)
y
5cm
3cm
m A x A mB xB MCrC
x - coordinate of c.m. =
m A mB mC
=
4 cm
= cm = 1.33cm
3 kg
0.5 kg
(A)
4cm
x
1.0 kg (B)
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 32
Solution :
X BMB X A MA
5 XB
XB .20 M .4M
=
=
6
MB MB
24M
Problem 3.
Solution :
M
+ Y3M
4
4
3M
M
0 M = 15 + Y3M
4
4
3M
Y3M
5cm
4
Problem 4.
A shell at rest at origin explodes into three fragments of masses 1 kg, 2 kg and m kg. The
fragments of masses 1 kg and 2 kg fly off with speeds 12 m/s along x-axis and 8 m/s along yaxis respectively. If m kg flies off with speed 40 m/s then find the total mass of the shell.
Solution :
0 = 1 12 i + 2 8 j + m V
|V | =
(12)2 (16 )2
1
=
m
m2
V =
(12i 16j)
m
(12)2 (16 )2
= 0.5 kg
40
Total mass = 1 + 2 + 0.5 = 3.5 kg
m=
Problem 5.
A block moving horizontally on a smooth surface with a speed of 20 m/s bursts into two equal
parts continuing in the same direction. If one of the parts moves at 30 m/s, with what speed
does the second part move and what is the fractional change in the kinetic energy of the
system.
Solution :
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 33
m
m
V+
30
2
2
So, V = 10 m/s
m 20 =
V
+ 15
2
1
m (20)2 = 200 m
2
1 m
1 m
.
. (10)2 + (30)2 = 25 m + 225 m = 250 m
2 2
2 2
20 =
1
( final K. E) (initial K. E )
250m 200m
=
=
initial K.E
200m
4
A block at rest explodes into three equal parts. Two parts starts moving along X and Y axes
respectively with equal speeds of 10 m/s. Find the initial velocity of the third part.
Solution :
Let total mass = 3 m,
m 10 i + m 10 j + m V = 0
So, V = ( 10 i 10 j ) m/sec.
|V | =
Problem 7.
Blocks A and B have masses 40 kg and 60 kg respectively. They are placed on a smooth
surface and the spring connected between them is stretched by 1.5m. If they are released
from rest, determine the speeds of both blocks at the instant the spring becomes
unstretched.
Solution :
Let, both block start moving with velocity V1 and V2 as shown in figure
Since no horizontal force on system so, applying momentum
conservation
0 = 40 V1 60 V2
2 V1 3 V2
........(1)
Now applying energy conservation, Loss in potential energy = gain in kinetic energy
1 2
1
1
kx = m1V12 +
mV2
2
2
2 2 2
1
1
1
600 (1.5)2 =
40 V12 +
60 V22
2
2
2
Solving euation (1) and (2) we get,
V1 = 4.5 m/s, V2 = 3 m/s.
Problem 8.
.......(2)
Find the mass of the rocket as a function of time, if it moves with a constant accleration a,
in absence of external forces. The gas escaps with a constant velocity u relative to the
rocket and its initial mass was m 0.
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 34
Solution :
dm
Fnet = u
ma = u
m
mo
dm
m
.......(1)
......(2)
dm
dt
t
adt
u
o
m
at / u
mo = e
Problem 9.
m
at
=
mo
u
m m0 e
atu
Ans.
(b) the impulse exerted by the normal due to ground on the ball.
/////////////////////////
Solution :
e=
velocity of separation
v
=
u
velocity of approah
RESONANCE
AIEEE_CENTRE OF MASS - 35
Centre of mass is a point which can lie within or outside the body.
A uniform solid cone of height 40 cm is shown in figure. The distance of centre of mass of the cone from
point B (centre of the base) is :
,d l eku Bksl 'kad qft l d h p kbZ40 l seh- gS] fp=kkuql kj fn[kk;k x;k gSA fcUnqB l snzO;eku d sUnzd h nwjh
(1) 20 cm
Sol.
nzO;eku d sUnzrcm =
A-3.
Sol.
(2) 10/3 cm
(3) 20/3 cm
(4*) 10 cm
h
40
=
= 10 cm
4
4
h
40
=
= 10 cm
4
4
A body has its centre of mass at the origin. The x-coordinates of the particles
(1) may be all positive
(2) may be all negative
(3) must be all non-negative
(4*) may be positive for some particles and negative in other particles
,d oLrqd k nzO;eku d sUnzewy &fcUnqij gSA d .kksad sxfunsZ'kkad &
(1) lkjs/kukRed gksld rsgS
A
(2) lkjs_ .kkRed gksld rsgS
A
(3) lkjsv_ .kkRed gks
usghpkfg,A
(4*) d q
N d .kksad sfy ;s/kukRed o d qN d .kksad sfy ;s_
self explaintory
RESONANCE
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 36
A bomb travelling in a parabolic path under the effect of gravity, explodes in mid air. The centre of mass
of fragments will:
,d ce xq: Roh; izHkko esaijoy ; iFk ij xfr d jrk gS]chp gok esafoLQ ksfVr gkst krk gSA Vqd M+ksd k nzO;eku d sUnz
(1) Move vertically upwards and then downwards
If a ball is thrown upwards from the surface of earth and during upward motion :
v xj i`Foh d h l rg l sxsan ij d h v ksj Q sad h t krh gS] rks ij d h v ksj xfr d snkSjku
(1) The earth remains stationary while the ball moves upwards
xsan rFkk i`Foh nksuksa,d nwl jsl snwj d h v ksj xfr d jrsgSA
Sol.
In abscence of external force both move away from each other to keep the centre of mass at rest.
ck cy d h v uqifLFkfr esanksuksa,d nwl jsl snwj d h v ksj xfr d jsxsaft l l snzO;eku d sUnzfojke ij jgsA
B-3.
Sol.
(1) the linear momentum but not the kinetic energy of the system.
(2*) the kinetic energy but not the linear momentum of the system.
(3) linear momentum as well as kinetic energy of the system.
(4) neither the linear momentum nor the kinetic energy of the system.
(1) fud k; d k jS
f[kd laosx fd Urqxfrt t kZugha
(2*) fud k; d h xfrt t kZfd UrqjS
f[kd laosx ugha
(3) fud k; d k jS
f[kd laosx o lkFk ghxfrt t kZHkh
(4) fud k; d k u rksjS
f[kd laosx]u gh xfrt t kZ
Internal forces canot change velocity but can do work.
If the external forces acting on a system have zero resultant, the centre of mass
(1) must not move
(2) must accelerate
(3*) may move
(4) may accelerate
;fn fud k; d k izkjfEHkd osx 'kwU; ugh gSrksnzO;eku d sUnzfu;r osx l sxfr d j l d rk gSA
B-5.
Two balls are thrown in air. The acceleration of the centre of mass of the two balls while in air (neglect
air resistance)
(1) depends on the direction of the motion of the balls
(2) depends on the masses of the two balls
(3) depends on the speeds of the two balls
(4*) is equal to g
nksxsans,d lkFk ok;qesaQ sad h x;h gaSA nksuksaxsanksad k nzO;eku d sUnzd k Roj.k t c osok;qesagS&
(1) xs
anksd h xfr d h fn'kk ij fuHkZj d jrk gSA
(2) nks
uksaxsanksd snzO;ekuksaij fuHkZj d jrk gSA
(3) nks
uksaxsanksad h pky ksaij fuHkZj d jrk gSA
(4) g d scjkcj gS
A
Sol.
acm =
m1g m 2 g
m1 m 2 = g
RESONANCE
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 37
B-6.
Two particles of mass 1 kg and 0.5 kg are moving in the same direction with speed of 2m/s and 6m/s
respectively on a smooth horizontal surface. The speed of centre of mass of the system is :
nksnzO;eku 1 kg rFkk 0.5 kg ,d gh fn'kk esa2 m/sec rFkk 6 m/sec l sfpd usl rg ij xfr d j jgsgSA l ewg d s
10
m/s
3
(2)
10
m/s
7
(3)
11
m/s
2
(4)
12
m/s
3
1
6
10
2
m / sec .
1 1/ 2
3
1 2
Sol.
vcm =
B-7.
Two particles having mass ratio n : 1 are interconnected by a light inextensible string that passes over
a smooth pulley. If the system is released, then the acceleration of the centre of mass of the system
is :
nksd .k ft ud k nzO;eku d k v uqikr n : 1 gSos,d gYd h v forkU; jLl h l st qM +sgq, gSat ksfpd uh f?kjuh l sxqt jrh
gSA v xj fud k; d ksN ksM +fn;k t krk gSrksl ewg d snzO;eku d sUnzd k Roj.k gksxkA
2
(1) (n
Sol.
a=
1)2
n 1
g
(2)
n 1
n 1
g
(3*)
n 1
n 1
g
(4)
n 1
(nm m)
g
nm m
(n 1)
g
(n 1)
a1 = a2 = a
acm =
acm =
nma1 ma 2
(n 1)
a
=
(nm m)
(n 1)
(n 1) 2
(n 1) 2
g.
Sol.
Two particles A and B initially at rest move towards each other under a mutual force of attraction. The
speed of centre of mass at the instant when the speed of A is v and the speed of B is 2v is :
[JEE - 89]
izkjEHk esafLFkj A o B fi.M ijLij v kd "kZ.k cy l s,d nwl jsd h v ksj xfr d jrsgSA t c A d h pky v o B d h pky
2 v gSrksnz
O;eku d sUnzd h pky gksxh \
[JEE - 89]
(1) v
(2*) Zero 'kw
U;
(3) 2 v
(4) 3 v /2
Net external force is zero so net momentum will remain zero.
If the KE of a body becomes four times its initial value, then the new momentum will be more than its
initial momentum by;
vxj fd l hoLrqd hxfrt t kZizkjfEHkd l spkj xquhgkst krhgSrksu;k l aosx izkjfEHkd l aosx l sfd rukT;knk gksxkA
(1) 50%
Sol.
k2
4
k1
Then
(2*) 100%
2
v2
4
v1
(3) 125%
(4) 150%
v2
2
v1
p 2 p1
mv 2 mv 1
v
v1
RESONANCE
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 38
C-3.
A man of mass 'm' climbs on a rope of length L suspended below a balloon of mass M. The balloon is
stationary with respect to ground. If the man begins to climb up the rope at a speed vrel (relative to
rope). In what direction and with what speed (relative to ground) will the balloon move?
Mv rel
mv rel
(1*) downwards,
(2) upwards,
m
M
mM
mv rel
(M m)v rel
(3) downwards,
(4) downwards,
M
M
,d m nzO;eku d k v kneh L y EckbZd h jLl h ij p<+jgk gS] jLl h M nzO;eku d sxqCckjsl sy Vd h gqbZgSaA t ehu d s
l kis{k xqCckjk fLFkj gSA vxj vknehjLl h ij mij d hvksj vrel (jLl h d sl kis{k) osx l sp<+uk'kq: d j nsrk gSrksfd l
fn'kk esa(t ehu d sl kis{k) rFkk fd l osx l sxqCckjk xfr d jsxkA
mv rel
mM
mv rel
(3) uhps
]
M
we have ge t kursgSVm + Vb = Vrel
by conservation of linear momentum
(1*)
Sol.
uhps]
Mv rel
mM
(M m)v rel
(4) uhps
M
Vm = Vrel Vb
(2)
ij,
Vb =
mv rel
mM
In the figure shown the change in magnitude of momentum of the block when it comes to its initial
position if the maximum compression of the spring is x 0 will be :
fp=kkuql kj Cy kWd d sl osax esaifjorZu gksxk t c Cy kWd nqckjk izkjfEHkd v oLFkk esav krk gS;fn fLizax d k v f/kd re
l EihM+u x0 gSA
(1*) 2 k m x 0
D-2.
(2)
k m x0
(3) zero
Two masses are connected by a spring as shown in the figure. One of the masses was given velocity v = 2
k, as shown in figure where 'k' is the spring constant. Then maximum extension in the spring will be
nksnz
O;eku fp=kkuql kj fLizax lsca/ksgq;sgS
aA ,d nz
O;eku d ks2k os
x ns
rsgSt S
l kfp=kesan'kkZ;kx;kgSt gkak fLiza
x fu;rkad
(1) 2 m
RESONANCE
(2) m
(3*)
2m k
(4)
3m k
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 39
Sol.
v
1
1
1
by energy conservation
mv2 =
(2m) +
kx 2
2
2
2
2
2
t kZl ja{k.k l s
x=
v
1
1
1
mv2 =
(2m) +
kx 2
2
2
2
2
2mK
vkos
x
E-1.
A ball of mass 50 gm is dropped from a height h = 10 m. It rebounds losing 75 percent of its kinetic
energy. If it remains in contact with the ground for t = 0.01 sec., the impulse of the impact force is :
,d 50 gm d h xsan 10 ehVj p kbZl sN ksM +h t krh gSA ;g okfil 75 izfr'kr xfrt t kZd h gkfu d sckn mN y rh
gSA v xj ;g /kjrh d sl kFk t = 0.01 l sd .M , d sfy , Li'kZd jrh gSrksVDd j d scy d k v kosx gksxkA
(1) 1.3 Ns
(2*) 1.05 N-s
(3) 1300 Ns
(4) 105 Ns
Sol.
v1 =
k2 =
2gh =
2 10 10 = 10 2
1
1
k v22 = v12
4 1
4
v1
= 5 2
2
|P| = |mv2 (mv1)| = m|v2 v1|
v2 =
15 10 2
3
|P| = 50
=
2 10 2
2
J = P = 1.05N-s.
103
E-2.
The area of F-t curve is A, where 'F' is the force on one mass due to the other. If one of the colliding
bodies of mass M is at rest initially, its speed just after the collision is :
F-t o d k {ks
=kQ y A gSt gk'F' ,d nzO;eku ij nwl jsd sd kj.k cy gSA vxj Vd jkusoky h oLrqv ksaesal sM nzO;eku
oky h izkjEHk esafLFkj Fkh rksVd jkusd sckn bl d k osx D;k gksxkA
(1*) A/M
Sol..
E-3.
(2) M/A
(3) AM
F-t
(4)
2A
M
A
.
M
The given figure shows a plot of the time dependent force Fx acting on a particle in motion along the xaxis. What is the total impulse delivered by this force to the particle from time t = 0 to t = 2second?
fn;kx;k fp=kx-v{k d svuqfn'k xfr d jrsgq;s,d d .kij d k;Zd jusoky sl e; ij fuHkZj cy Fx(t) d kxzkQ iznf'kZr
d jrk gSA l e; t = 0 l st = 2 sec rd bl cy }kjk d .k d ksfn;k x;k d qy v kosx D;k gS\
(1) 0
RESONANCE
(2) 1 kg-m/s
(3*) 2 kg-m/s
(4) 3 kg-m/s
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 40
Sol.
Impulse (v kos
x) = F dt
l sifjc) {ks=kQ y )
1
(2) (2) = 2 kg-m/sec.
2
A mass of 100g strikes the wall with speed 5m/s at an angle as shown in figure and it rebounds with the
same speed. If the contact time is 2 103 sec., what is the force applied on the mass by the wall :
100g nz
O;eku d k d ksbZd .k 5m/s d h pky lsfd lh nhokj lsfp=k esan'kkZ;sx, d ks.k ij Vd jkrk gS]rFkk mlh pky ls
okil y kSV vkrk gSA ;fn laid Zle; 2 103 sec gksrksd .k }kjk nhokj ij y xk, x, cy d k eku gS
60
60
100g
(1) 250 3 to right
(1) 250 3
Sol.
Fx =
nka;hvksj
VDd j
A block moving in air explodes in two parts then just after explosion
(1*) the total momentum must be conserved
(2) the total kinetic energy of two parts must be same as that of block before explosion.
(3) the total momentum must change
(4) the total kinetic energy must not be increased
gok esaxfr'khy ,d xqVd k nksHkkxksaesaVwV t krk gSrFkk Vqd M+savy x&vy x gkst krsgSa]rksfoLQ ksV d srqjUr ckn &
(1) d q
y laosx lajf{kr jgsxkA
(2) nks
uksaHkkxksad h d qy xfrt t kZogh jgsxh t ksfoLQ ksV d sigy sxqVd sd h Fkh
(3) d q
y laosx ifjofrZr gkst k;sxkA
(4) d q
y xfrt t kZughac<+uh pkfg,A
F-2.
leku nzO;eku oky h nksoLrqv ksad h lEeq[k R;kLFk VDd j esa];g lEHko ughagS& &
(1) os
x ijLij ifjofrZr gkst krsgSA
(2) pky s
aijLij ifjofrZr gkst krh gSA
(3) la
osx ijLij ifjofrZr gkst krsgSA
(4*) rhoz
xkeh oLrqrst gkst k, rFkk /kheh oLrq/kheh py saA
F-3.
A bullet of mass m = 50 gm strikes a sand bag of mass M = 5 kg hanging from a fixed point, with a
horizontal velocity v p . If bullet sticks to the sand bag then the ratio of final & initial kinetic energy of
the bullet is (approximately) :
,d 50 gm d h xksy h ,d jsr d sy Vd sgq,
cSx l s(ft l d k nzO;eku 5 kg gSa) {ksfrt osx v l sVd jkrh gSA v xj cwy sV
jsr d scSx d sfpid t krh gSrksxksy h d h v fUre rFkk izkjfEHkd xfrt t kZd k v uqikr D;k gksxk y xHkx( 1 )
102
RESONANCE
(2) 103
(3) 106
(4*) 104
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 41
Sol.
0.5 vp + m 0 = 5.05 v
vf
0.05
v =
= 102
5
i
1
m( v f )2
2
= (102)2 = 104.
1
2
m( v i )
2
F-4.
There are hundred identical sliders equally spaced on a frictionless track as shown in the figure.
Initially all the sliders are at rest. Slider 1 is pushed with velocity v towards slider 2. In a collision the
sliders stick together. The final velocity of the set of hundred stucked sliders will be :
fp=kkuql kj 100 Cy kWd ,d nwl jsl sl eku nwjh ij ?k"k.kZjfgr l rg ij mifLFkr gSA izkjEHkeaasl HkhfLFkj gSA igy sCy kWd
d ksv osx l snwl jsd h rjQ /kDd k fn;k t krk gSA rFkk nksuksa,d nwl jsd sfpid t krsgSrksl Hkh fpid s100 Cy kWd d k
v
v
(2*)
(3) zero
(4) v
99
100
by conservation of linear momentum Pi = Pf
mv = (100 m) u
js[kh; l aosx l j{k.k l sPi = Pf
mv = (100 m) u
u = v/100
(1)
Sol.
F-5.
u = v/100
A massive ball moving with speed v collides head-on with a tiny ball at rest having a mass very less
than the mass of the first ball. If the collision is elastic, then immediately after the impact, the second
ball will move with a speed approximately equal to:
,d Hkkjh xsan t ksv osx l s,d N ksVh xsan ft l d k nzO;eku cgqr&cgqr d e gSA l sl Eeq[k izR;kLFk VDd j d jrh gSrks
(1) v
(2*) 2v
(3) v/2
Velocity of heavy mass donot change after collison
(4) .
Sol.
F-7.
v2 v
= 1
0v
v2 = 2v
A ball of mass 'm', moving with uniform speed, collides elastically with another stationary ball. The
incident ball will lose maximum kinetic energy when the mass of the stationary ball is
,d 'm' nzO;eku d h xsan fu;r osx l sxfr d j jgh gSA ,d v U; fLFkj xsUn l sizR;kLFk VDd j d jrh gSA v xj vkifrr
xsan d h v f/kd re xfrt t kZd h gkfu gksrh gSrksfLFkj xsan d k nzO;eku gksxkA
[REE - 96]
(1*) m
(2) 2m
(3) 4m
(4) infinity vuUr
If mass ;fn nz
O;eku = m
first ball will stop iz
Fke xsan : d t k,xh v = 0
so vr% k.e. = 0 (min U;w
ure)
In other cases there will be some kinetic energy nw
l jsizd j.k esaleku gksxh
(K.E. can't be negative _ .kkRed ughgksld rh)
100
J.
3
If before collision the masses are moving in the opposite direction, then their velocity of approach
before the collision is :
During the head on collision of two masses 1 kg and 2 kg the maximum energy of deformation is
100
3
igy snzO;eku foijhr fn'kk esaxfreku gSa] rc mud k VDd j l sigy sl kehI; osx gS&
(1*) 10 m/sec.
RESONANCE
(2) 5 m/sec.
(3) 20 m/sec.
(4) 10 2 m/sec.
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 42
Sol.
1 m1 m 2
100
U = 2 (m m ) (V1 V2)2 =
3
1
2
2m .m
100
(V1 V2)2 2 (m 2m) =
3
putting m = 1 kg j[kusij:
(V1 V2) = 10 m/sec.
AlternateSolution:
When deformation is maximum both the particles are moving with same velocity . So applying momentum
conservation.
t c nksuksad .k leku osx lsxfr d jsaxsrc laihM+u vf/kd re gksxkA vr%laosx lj{k.k ls
m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v 1 + m2v1
v1 =
m1v 1 m 2 v 2
m1 m 2
1
1
1
m1v12 + m2v22 = (m 1 + m 2) (v1 )2 + U deformation
2
2
2
U deformation=
F-8.
m1m 2
100
2
m1 m 2 (v1 v2) = 3 v1 v2 = 10m/sec.
A block A of mass m moving with a velocity ' v ' along a frictionless horizontal track and a blocks of mass
m/2 moving with 2 v collides with block elastically. Final speed of the block A is :
,d m nzO;eku d k Cy kWd A, v ' osx l s?k"kZ.k jfgr iFk ij py jgk gSv kSj ,d m/2 nzO;eku d k ,d Cy kWd B, 2 v
osx l spy rsgq;sCy kWd A,l sizR;kLFk : i l sVd jkrh gSrksCy kWd A d k v fUre pky gksxhA
(1)
Sol.
1
2
5v
3
(2*) v
(3)
2v
3
m
2
m
nzO;eku d h oLrqfp=kkuql kj VDd j d sckn
2
move with speed v1 and v2 after collision as shown.
e'k%osx v1 o v2 lsxfr d jrh gSA
From conservation of momentum.
l aosx l j{k.k l s
m
m
2v = mv1 +
v
2
2 2
or
2v1 + v2 = 0
From equation of coefficient of restitution.
mv
..........(1)
iz
R;koLFkku xq.kka
d
v 2 v1
v 2v
Solving 1 and 2 we get
1 o 2 d ksgy d jusij
v1 = v
e=1=
RESONANCE
v2 v1 = 3v
..........(2)
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 43
F-9.
In a collision between two solid spheres, velocity of separation along the line of impact (assume no
external forces act on the system of two spheres during impact) :
nksBksl xksy ksad h VDd j esa] VDd j js[kk d sv uqfn'k nwj t kusd k osx ;g ekfu;sfd nksxksy ksad sfud k; ij VDd j
d snkSjku d ksbZck; cy d k;Zugh d jrk gS
(1*) cannot be greater than velocity of approach
| velocity of separation |
e = | velocity of approach |
For elastic collision e = 1
|Velocity of separation| = |velocity of approach|
For inelastic collision e < 1
So |velocity of separation| < |velocity of approach|
| nw
j
gy %
e=
F-10.
In the figure shown the block A collides head on with another block B at rest. Mass of B is twice the
mass of A. The block A stops after collision. The co-efficient of restitution is :
fp=kkuql kj Cy kWd A, nwl jsfLFkj Cy kWd B l sl Eeq[k VDd j d jrk gSA B d k nzO;eku A l snqxuk gSA VDd j d sckn A
(1*) 0.5
Sol.
v1 =
F-11.
(2) 1
(3) 0.25
;g l EHko ughagSA
=0
m1 m 2
m1 m 2 =
m 2m
m 2m
0 = m e2m
e = 1/2
A particle of mass m moves with velocity v0 = 20 m/sec towards a wall that is moving with velocity v = 5 m/sec.
If the particle collides with the wall elastically, the speed of the particle just after the collision is :
m nz
O;eku d k ,d d .k v0 = 20 m/sec l sxfr d jrk gqv k 5 m/sec l sxfr d jrh nhokj l sfp=kkuql kj Vd jkrk gS
(1*) 30 m/s
RESONANCE
(2) 20 m/s
(3) 25 m/s
(4) 22 m/s
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 44
Sol.
Sol.
V2 = Z0
Vol. of Sep = Vel of approach ( elastic)
nwj t kusd k osx = fud V vkusd k osx ( izR;kLFk)
20 + 5 = V 5
V = 30 m/s Ans.
F-12.
A super-ball is to bounce elastically back and forth between two rigid walls at a distance d from each
other. Neglecting gravity and assuming the velocity of super-ball to be v0 horizontally, the average force
being exerted by the super-ball on one wall is :
,d l qij xsan]nksn`<+nhokjksat ksd nwjh ij gS]d se/; vkxsihN sxfr d jrh gqbZR;kLFk : i l smN y rh gSA xq: Roh;
cy ux.; gSrFkk xsan d k {ksfrt osx v0 gSrksizR;sd nhokj ij l qij xsan }kjk y xk;k x;k cy gksxkA
(1)
Sol.
1 mv 02
2 d
(2*)
mv 02
d
(3)
2d
t = v (time for succeesive collision ekxr
0
2mv 02
d
(4)
4mv 02
d
N t = dP = mv0 (mv0)
2d
N v = 2mv0
0
N=
F-13.
mv 02
d
In the figure shown the block A collides head on with another block B at rest. Mass of B is twice the
mass of A. The block A stops after collision. The co-efficient of restitution is :
fp=kkuql kj Cy kWd A, nwl jsfLFkj Cy kWd B l sl Eeq[k VDd j d jrk gSA B d k nzO;eku A l snqxuk gSA VDd j d sckn A
(1*) 0.5
F-14.
(2) 1
(3) 0.25
;g l EHko ughagSA
A sphere of mass m moving with a constant velocity hits another stationary sphere of the same mass.
If e is the coefficient of restitution, then ratio of speed of the first sphere to the speed of the second
sphere after collision will be :
,d m nzO;eku d k xksy k fu;r osx l sxfr d jrk gqv k l eku nzO;eku d sfLFkj xksy sl sVd jkrk gSA v xj e izR;kLFkrk
xq.kkad gSrksVDd j d sckn izFke xksy sd sosx ,oanwl jsxksy sd sosx v uqikr D;k gksxkA
Sol.
1 e
(1*)
1 e
mu = mv1 + mv2
u = v1 + v2
1 e
(2)
1 e
.......(i)
.......(i)
v 2 v1
=e
u
......(ii)
as solving have gy
RESONANCE
v1
e 1
(3)
e 1
e 1
(4)
e 1
1 e
d jusij v = 1 e .
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 45
If the force on a rocket which is ejecting gases with a relative velocity of 300 m/s, is 210 N. Then the rate of
combustion of the fuel will be :
;fn 300 m/s, osx lsxSl ksad ksckgj fud ky jgsjkd sV d s}kjk xSal ksaij cy 210 N gSrksbZa/ku d st y usd h nj gksxh :
(1) 10.7 kg/sec
Sol.
ifjorZu'khy nzO;eku
F=
dm
dt
210 = 300
dm
dt
dm
= 0.7 kg/s.
dt
STATEMENT-1 : A sphere of mass m moving with speed u undergoes a perfectly elastic head on collision
with another sphere of heavier mass M at rest (M > m), then direction of velocity of sphere of mass m is
reversed due to collision [no external force acts on system of two spheres]
STATEMENT-2 : During a collision of spheres of unequal masses, the heavier mass exerts more force on
lighter mass in comparison to the force which lighter mass exerts on heavier mass.
oDrO;-1 : ,d xksy k ft l d k nzO;eku m gSrFkk bl d h pky u gSrFkk ;g nwl jsHkkjh xksy sl siw.kZr;k izR;kLFk l Eeq[k
VDd j d jrk gSA Hkkjh xksy k izkjEHk esafojke esagSrFkk Hkkjh xksy sd k nzO;eku M gSt gk(M > m) gSA VDd j d sd kj.k
m nz
O;eku d sxksy sd sosx d h fn'kk foijhr gkst krh gS[nksuksaxksy ksd sfud k; ij d ksbZck; cy d k;Zjr ugh gS]
oDrO;-2 : v l eku nzO;eku d sxksy ksad h VDd j d snkSjku Hkkjh oky k xksy k gYd soky sxksy sij]gYd soky sxksy s}kjk
Hkkjh oky sxksy sij y xscy d h rqy uk esav f/kd cy y xkrk gSA
Sol.
2.
(1) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(2) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(3*) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(4) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
(1) oDrO;-1 lR; gS
] oDrO;-2 lR; gS; oDrO;-2, oDrO;-1 d k lgh Li"Vhd j.k gSA
(2) oDrO;-1 lR; gS
] oDrO;-2 lR; gS; oDrO;-2, oDrO;-1 d k lgh Li"Vhd j.k ughagSA
(3*) oDrO;-1 lR; gS
]oDrO;-2 vlR; gS;
(4) oDrO;-1 vlR; gS
]oDrO;-2 lR; gS
Statement-2 contradicts Newton's third law and hence is false.
oDrO;-2 U;wVu d srhljsfu;e d k fojks/k d jrk gSrFkk blfy ;svlR; gSA
STATEMENT-1 : In a perfectly inelastic collision between two spheres, velocity of both spheres just
after the collision are not always equal.
STATEMENT-2 : For two spheres undergoing collision, component of velocities of both spheres along
line of impact just after the collision will be equal if the collision is perfectly inelastic. The component
of velocity of each sphere perpendicular to line of impact remains unchanged due to the impact.
oDrO; 1 : nksxksy kasd schp ,d iw.kZv izR;kLFk VDd j d sfy ,] VDd j d srqjUr ckn nksuksaxksy sad sosx ges'kk cjkcj
ugh gksaxsA
oDrO; 2 : VDd j d jrsgq;snksxksy sad sfy ,]VDd j d srqjUr ckn VDd j d h js[kk d sv uqfn'k nksuksaxksy ksad sosxksad s
?kVd cjkcj gksaxs;fn VDd j iw.kZr;k v izR;kLFk gSA VDd j d h js[kk d sy Ecor~izR;sd xksy sd sosx d k ?kVd VDd j
d sd kj.k v ifjofrZr jgrk gSA
(1*) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(2) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(3) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(4) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
(1*) oDrO;-1 l R; gS
] oDrO;-2 l R; gS; oDrO;-2, oDrO;-1 d k l gh Li"Vhd j.k gSA
RESONANCE
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 46
Sol.
(Easy)
From statement-2, if the component of relative velocity normal to line of impact is non-zero, they
shall not have same velocity after collision. Hence statement-2 is correct explanation of statement-1.
(Easy) oDrO;-2 l s
, ;fn VDd j d h js
[kk d sy Ecor~l kisf{kd osx d k ?kVd v 'kwU; gS]rksVDd j d sckn mud sl eku
osx ugh gksaxsA bl fy ;soDrO;-2 ] oDrO;-1 d k l gh Li"Vhd j.k gSA
3.
Statement 1 : If the mass of the colliding particles remains constant, then the linear velocity of the
individual particles change during collision along common normal direction.
Statement 2 : A pair of equal and opposite impulses act along common normal direction.
(1*) Both statements 1 and 2 are true and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.
(2) Both statements 1 and 2 are true but statement 2 is not correct explanation of statement 1.
(3) Statement 1 is true but statement 2 is false
(4) Both statements 1 and 2 are false.
oDrO; 1 % v xj VDd j d j jgsad .kksad k nzO;eku fu;r jgsrksVDd j d snkSjku izR;sd d .k d k v iuk jsf[kd osx
All the particles of a body are situated at a distance R from the origin. The distance of the centre of
mass of the body from the origin is
fd lh oLrqd sleLr d .k ewy fcUnqlsR nwjh ij fLFkr gSA oLrqd snzO;eku d sUnzd h ewy fcUnqlsnwjh & [HCV - I]
(1) = R
(2*) R
(3) > R
(4) R
2.
A uniform thin rod of mass M and Length L is standing vertically along the y-axis on a smooth horizontal
surface, with its lower end at the origin (0,0). A slight disturbance at t = 0 causes the lower end to slip
on the smooth surface along the positive x-axis, and the rod starts falling. The acceleration vector of
centre of mass of the rod during its fall is :
[JEE - 93]
[ R is reaction from surface]
,d l e: i iry h M nzO;eku ,oaL y EckbZd h N M+y-v {k d sv uqfn'k fpd us{kSfrt ry ij /okZ/kj [kM+h gSA bl d k
fupy kfl jk ewy fcUnq(0,0) ij gSy ?kqfo{kksHk l sgh bl d k fupy k fl jk /kukRed x-v{k d h vksj fQ l y rk gsrFkk N M+
fxjuk izkjEHk d jrh gSfxjrsl e; bl d snzO;eku d sUnzd k Roj.k l fn'k gksxkA [ R l rg l sizfrf ;k cy gSA]
Mg R
(1*) a CM
M
Mg R
(2) a CM
M
(3) a CM Mg R
buesalsd ksbZ
ughAa
Sol.
Mg R Ma cm
Mg R
so v r% a cm =
M
RESONANCE
d sl ehd j.k l s
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 47
3.
A skater of mass m standing on ice throws a stone of mass M with a velocity of v in a horizontal
direction. The distance over which the skater will move back (the coefficient of friction between the
skater and the ice is ) :
,d Ld sVj (nzO;eku m) cQ Zij [kM+k gS]M nzO;eku d k iRFkj v osx l s{ksfrt fn'kk esaQ sd rk gSA Ld sVj ihN sd h v ksj
ft ruh nwjh r; d jsxk] oksgksxh\ (cQ ZrFkk v kneh d schp ?k"kZ.k xq.kkad gS) :
Mv 2
M2 v 2
(1)
2 mg
(2)
Pi = 0
Pf = MV mV1
...(i)
....(ii)
MV mV1 = 0
M2 v 2
(3*)
2 m 2 g
2 m 2 g
M2 v 2
(4)
2 m 2 2 g
Sol.
4.
using
02 = v12 2ax
v12 = 2gx
MV
x=
v1 =
M
V..
m
= 2g x.
M2 V 2
2m2g
In a vertical plane inside a smooth hollow thin tube a block of same mass as that of tube is released as
shown in figure. When it is slightly disturbed it moves towards right. By the time the block reaches the
right end of the tube then the displacement of the tube will be (where R is mean radius of tube).
Assume that the tube remains in vertical plane.
/okZ/kj ry esa[kks[ky h ufy d k esal eku nzO;eku d k Cy kWd fp=kkuql kj N ksM +k t krk gSt c ;g ufy d k d s,d fl js
ij igqp rk gSrksufy d k d k foLFkkiu gksxk (R ufy d k d h v kSl r f=kT;k gS) ekuksufy d k /okZ/kj jgrh gSA
2R
4R
R
(2)
(3*)
(4) R
2
Let the tube displaced by x towards left, then block will be displaced by (R x) towards right ;
ekuk ufy d k ck;h rjQ x foLFkkfir gksrh gSA rc Cy kWd nk;h rjQ (R x) foLFkkfir gksxkA
(1)
Sol.
mx = m (R x)
RESONANCE
x=
R
2
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 48
5.
A stationary body explodes into two fragments of masses m 1 and m 2. If momentum of one fragment is
p, the minimum energy of explosion is
,d fLFkj oLrqm 1 rFkk m 2 nzO;eku easVwV t krh gSA v xj ,d Hkkx d k l aosx p gSrksfo[k.Mu d h t kZgksxh
(1)
Sol.
p2
2(m1 m 2 )
use
F.E. =
p2
(2)
(3*)
2 m1m 2
p 2 (m1 m 2 )
2m1m 2
(4)
p2
2(m1 m 2 )
m1v1 = m2v2 =P
1
1
mv12 + m2v22
2
2
2
P
P
1
+ 1 m
=
m1
2
2 2 m 2
m1
2
1 P (m 2 m1 )
=
.
m1m 2
2
6.
A train of mass M is moving on a circular track of radius ' R ' with constant speed V. The length of the
train is half of the perimeter of the track. The linear momentum of the train will be
,d Vsu ft ld knzO;eku M gS,d leku osx V lso`kkd kj iFkft ld hf=kT;k' R ' gSeasxfr d j jghgSA Vsu d hy EckbZ
Vsd d hifjf/k d hvk/kh gSA Vsu d k js[kh; laosx gksxkA
(1) 'kw
U; 0
Sol.
(2*)
2M V
(3) MVR
(4) MV
If we treat the train as a ring of mass 'M' then its COM will be at a distance
2R
from the centre of the
VCM = RCM .
2R V
.
R
2R
.
VCM =
( =
V
)
R
2MV
2V
MVCM =
Ans.
7.
d k js[kh; laosx =
2MV
Ans.
Two particles approach each other with different velocities. After collision, one of the particles has a
momentum p in their center of mass frame. In the same frame, the momentum of the other particle is
[REE - 98]
nksd .k ,d nwl jsd h v ksj fHkUu&fHkUu osx l sv k jgsgSaA VDd j d sckn muesal s,d d .k d k mud snzO;eku d sUnzrU=k
(1) 0
(2*) p
(3) p /2
Net momentum in centre of mass frame should be zero
(4) 2 p
so v r% P P' = 0
P' P
RESONANCE
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 49
8.
A particle of mass m and velocity v collides oblique elastically with a stationary particle of mass m.
The angle between the velocity vectors of the two particles after the collision is :
,d m nzO;eku d k d .k t ksfd v osx l sxfr d j jgk gS,d m nzO;eku d sfLFkj d .k l sfr;Zd izR;kLFk VDd j
d jrk gSA VDd j d sckn nksuksad .kksad sosx l fn'kksad se/; d ks.k gksxkA
[REE - 97]
(1) 45
(2) 30
(3*) 90
(4) None of these bues
al sd ksbZugha
Sol.
d sckn
Two homogenous spheres A and B of masses m and 2m having radii 2a and a respectively are placed in
touch. The distance of centre of mass from first sphere is :
nkslekax (homogenous) xksy sA rFkk B ft ud s e'k%nzO;eku m rFkk 2m o f=kT;k 2a rFkk a gS,d nwl jsd sikl j[ks
10.
(1) a
(2*) 2a
we have m 1 r1 = m 2 r2
mr = 2m (3a r)
(3) 3a
r = 2a
A nonuniform thin rod of length L is placed along x-axis as such its one of ends at the origin. The linear
mass density of rod is = 0x. The distance of centre of mass of rod from the origin is :
L y EckbZd h vleku NM+ft ld k js
[kh; ?kuRo = 0x gSA ft lsbl rjg j[kk x;k gSfd bld k ,d fljk ewy fcUnqij
gSA x ewy fcUnqlsy EckbZgSA ewy fcUnqlsnzO;eku d sUnzd h nwjh Kkr d jksA
(1) L/2
(2*) 2L/3
(3) L/4
(4) L/5
Sol.
dm x
x cm
(dx )x
dm dx
0x
dx
0
L
2L
3
0 xdx
11.
A ball kept in a closed box moves in the box making collisions with the walls. The box is kept on a smooth
surface. The centre of mass :
cUn ckWDlsesa,d xsan bl rjg j[khgqbZgSfd ;g xsan ckWDl d hnhokjksalsVd jkrhjgrhgSA ckWDlsd ksfpd uh{kSfrt lrg
ij j[kk x;k gSA nzO;eku d sUnz
Sol.
RESONANCE
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 50
12.
A man of mass M stands at one end of a plank of length L which lies at rest on a frictionless surface. The man
walks to the other end of the plank. If the mass of plank is M/3, the distance that the plank moves relative to
the ground is :
M nz
O;eku d k,d O;fDr L y EckbZd sr[rst ksfd ?k"kZ
.kjfgr lrg ij j[kkgSd s,d fljsij [kM+kgS
A O;fDr r[rsd snwl js
fljsd hvksj py uk'kq: d jrkgSA ;fn r[rsd knzO;eku M/3 gksrkst c O;fDr nwl jsfljsij igqp rkgSrksr[rs}kjkr;
nwjhgks
xhA
(1*) 3L/4
Sol.
(3) 4L/5
(4) L/3
m
(x) = 0
3
m (L x) +
4
mx
3
mL =
13.
(2) L/4
Two blocks A and B are connected by a massless string (shown in figure) A force of 30 N is applied on block
B. The distance travelled by centre of mass in 2s starting from rest is :
nksCy kWd A rFkkB fp=kkuql kj nzO;ekujfgr jLlhlst qM+sgq, gSA F = 30 N d kcy B CykW
d ij yxk;kt krkgSrksxfr d jus
d s2s i'pkr~nzO;eku d sUnzd s}kjk r; nwjh gksxh :
A
10kg
20kg
F=30N
Smooth(?k"kZ
.kjfgr)
(1) 1m
Sol.
acm =
(2*) 2m
(3) 3m
buesalsd ksbZugha
30
= 1 ms2
(10 20)
S = 0 (2) +
1
(1) (2)2
2
=2m
14.
The motion of the centre of mass of a system of two particles is unaffected by their internal forces :
Sol.
Sol.
Two bodies of masses m and 4m are moving with equal linear momentum. The ratio of their kinetic energies
is :
m nz
O;eku 4m nzO;eku d h nksoLrqleku laosx lsxfr d j jgh gS]rksbud h xfrt t kZv ksad k vuqikr gksxkA
(1) 1 : 4
(2*) 4 : 1
(3) 1 : 1
(4) 1 : 2
2
k1
1 P /(m)
k 2 = 2 P 2 / 2( 4m) = 4/1
RESONANCE
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 51
16.
If the momentum of a body increases by 20%, the percentage increase in its kinetic energy is equal to :
;fn laosx 20% c<+k fn;k t k, rksoLrqd h xfrt t kZesafr'kr ifjorZu (c<+uk) gksxk &
(1*) 44
Sol.
we have
(2) 88
(3) 66
(4) 20
p 2 p1
0.2
p1
p2
1.2
p1
k 2 k1
k
100 2 1 100
so k
k
1
p 22
p2
= 2 1 100
(since k =
)
2m
p1
= ((1.2)2 1) 100 = 44 %
17.
Sol.
t c nksuksfunsZ'k rU=kksd k osx l eku gS] rc l aosx l eku gksxk v U;kFkk v y x v y x iz{ksd d sl kis{k ;g v y x v y x
gksxkA
18.
Sol.
jsy xkMh d sl kis{k O;fDr d k osx 'kwU; gSv r% jsy xkMh d sl kis{k O;fDr d h xfrt t kZ'kwU; gksxh
19.
Sol.
RESONANCE
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 52
20.
Sol.
21.
Two blocks of masses m1 and m2 are connected by a massless spring and placed on smooth surface. The
spring initially stretched and released. Then :
nksCykW
d m1 rFkkm2 d ksnz
O;ekujfgr fLa
x d hlgk;rklst ks
Md+ j fpd uhlrg ij j[kkt krkgS
A fLa
x d kskjEHkes
a[kha
pd j
NksM +nsrsgSA rc :
(1) the momentum of each particle remains constant separately
(2) the momentums of each body are equal
(3) the magnitude of momentums of each body are equal to each other
(4) the mechanical energy of system remains constant
(5*) both (3) and (4) are correct
(1) R;s
d d .k d k vy x&vy x laosx fu;r jgsxkA
(2) nks
auksd .k d klaosx leku gksxkA
(3) nks
auksd .kksad klaosx d kifjek.kleku gksxkA
(4) fud k; d h;ka
f=kd t kZlajf{kr jgsxkA
(5*) (3) rFkk(4) lghgS
A
p1 p 2
p1 p 2 0
p1 p 2
A shell is fired from a cannon with a velocity v at an angle with the horizontal direction. At the highest point
in its path, it explodes into two equal pieces, one retraces its path to the cannon and the speed of the other
piece immediately after the explosion is :
,d xkys sd ksrks
i ls{kfSrt ls d ks
.kij v os
x lsnkxkt krkgS
A bld siFkd smPpre fcUnqij ;g nkscjkcj Hkkxkases
afo[kf.Mr
gkst krk gSA ,d Hkkx blh iFk d ksrksi d h rjQ vuql fjr d jrk gSrksnwl jsHkkx d h pky VDd j d srqjUr ckn gksxh &
(1*) 3 cos
Sol.
3
(3) cos
2
(2) 2 cos
(4)
3
cos
2
P1 = Pf
m
m
(V cos +
V)
2
2
V = 3V cos
mV cos =
22.
The centre of mass of the shaded portion of the disc is : (The mass is uniformly distributed in the
shaded portion) :
pd rh d sN k;kafd r gq;sHkkx d k nzO;eku d sUnzgksxk %(N k;kafd r Hkkx esanzO;eku l e: i forfjr gS)
(1*)
R
to the left of A
20
(A l sck;hav ks
j
R
(2)
to the left of A ( A
12
Sol.
l sck;hav ksj
R
20
R
12
(3)
R
to the right of A
20
(4)
R
R
to the right of A (A l snk;hav ks
j
12
12
(A l snk;hav ks
j
A1 = R2
A2 =
R2
16
x1 = 0
x2 =
3R
4
ij)
A
ij)
R
20
ij)
ij)
R2 3R
16
4 R
2
20
R
R2
16
xcen =
RESONANCE
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 53
23.
A semicircular portion of radius r is cut from a uniform rectangular plate as shown in figure. The
distance of centre of mass 'C' of remaining plate, from point O is :
,d v ) Zo`rh; Hkkx ft l d h f=kT;k r gSd ksfp=kkuql kj ,d vk;rkd kj Iy sV l scuk;k x;k gSA fcUnqO l scph gqbZIy sV
d snzO;eku d sUnzC d h nwjh gksxhA
(1)
Sol.
3r
(2) 2 ( 4 )
2r
(3 )
(3)
2r
( 4 )
2r
(4*) 3 ( 4 )
A1 = 2r r = 2r2
A2 =
r 2
2
x1 =
r
2
x2 =
4r
3
r r 2 r
2
2
3
r 2
2
2r
2
2r 2
xcm =
r 3 1
2r
3
=
4
3
[
4
]
r2
24.
In an elastic collision in absence of external force, which of the following is/are correct :
[REE - 95]
,d izR;kLFk VDd j esa] ckg~; cy d h v uqifLFkfr esafuEu esal sd kSul k@l sd Fku l R; gSaA
(1) The linear momentum is not conserved
A bag of mass M hangs by a long thread and a bullet (mass m) comes horizontally with velocity v and
gets caught in the bag. Then for the combined system (bag + bullet) :
,d M nzO;eku d k FkSy k ,d y Ecs/kkxsl sy Vd k gSrFkk ,d m nzO;eku d h xksy h v {kSfrt osx l sv kd j FkSy sesa
/kal t krh gSA rksFkSy k rFkk xksy h d sl a;qDr fud k; d sfy ,
(1) Momentum is mMv/(M + m)
(2) KE is (1/2) Mv2
(3*) Momentum is mv
(4) KE is m 2v2/(M + m)
(1) l a
osx mMv/(M + m) gksxkA
(2) xfrt t kZ(1/2) Mv2 gks
xhA
2 2
(3*) l a
osx mv gksxkA
(4) xfrt t kZm v /(M + m) gks
xhA
RESONANCE
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 54
Sol.
mv = (m + M) u
so energy of system =
vr%fud k; d h t kZ=
26.
u=
mv
(m M)
1
(m + M) u2 = m 2v2/2(M + m)
2
1
(m + M) u2 = m 2v2/2(M + m)
2
A shell explodes in a region of negligible gravitational field, giving out n fragments of equal mass m.
Then its total [REE - 97]
,d xksy k,d ux.; xq: Roh; {ks=kesafoLQ kksfVr gksrk gSA rFkk l eku nzO;eku m d sn Vqd M+siznku d jrk gSA rc bl d h
d qy &
(1) Kinetic energy is smaller than that before the explosion
xfrt t kZfoLQ ksfVr gksusd sigy soky h xfrt t kZd scjkcj gksxhA
(3) Momentum and kinetic energy depend on n
l aosx rFkk xfrt t kZn ij fuHkZj d jsxhA
(4*) Momentum is equal to that before the explosion.
A system of particles has its centre of mass at the origin. The x-coordinates of all the particles
(A) may be positive
(B) may be negative
(C*) may be non-negative
(D*) may be non-positive
,d d .k fud k; d k nzO;eku d sUnzewy &fcUnqij gSA lHkh d .kksad sxfunsZ'kkad &
(A) /kukRed gksld rsgS
A
(B) _ .kkRed gksld rsgS
A
(C*) v&_ .kkRed gksld rsgS
A
(D*) v&/kukRed gksld rsgS
A
28.*
In which of the following cases the centre of mass of a system is certainly not at its centre ?
(A*) A rod whose density continuously increases from left to right
(B*) A rod whose density continuously decreases from left to right
(C) A rod whose density decreases from left to right upto the centre and then increases
(D) A rod whose density increases from left to right upto the centre and then decreases
fuEu eslsfd u fLFkfr;ksad sfy ;sfud k; d k nzO;eku d sUnzfuf'pr : i lsbld sd sUnzij ughagksxk &
(A) ,d NM ft ld k ?kuRo cka
;hlsnka;h vksj fujarj c<+rk jgsA
(B) ,d NM ft ld k?kuRo cka
;h lsnka;h vksj fujUraj d e gksrk jgsaA
(C) ,d NM ft ld k ?kuRo cka
;h lsnka;h vksj e/; fcUnqrd d e gksrk jgsrRi'pkr~c<+sA
(D) ,d NM ft ld k ?kuRo cka
;h lsnka;h vksj e/; fcUnqrd c<+rk jgsrRi'pkr~d e gksrk jgsA
29.*
If the net external force acting on a system is zero, then the centre of mass
(A) must not move
(B*) must not accelerate
(C*) may move
(D) may accelerate
RESONANCE
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 55
30.*
In an elastic collision in absence of external force, which of the following is/are correct :
[REE - 95]
,d izR;kLFk VDd j esa] ckg~; cy d h v uqifLFkfr esafuEu esal sd kSul k@l sd Fku l R; gSaA
(A*) The linear momentum is conserved
A small ball collides with a heavy ball initially at rest. In the absence of any external impulsive force, it
is possible that
(A) Both the balls come to rest
(B*) Both the balls move after collision
(C*) The moving ball comes to rest and the stationary ball starts moving
(D) The stationary ball remains stationary, the moving ball changes its velocity.
fojkekoLFkkesaj[kh,d Hkkjhxsa
n ls,d NksVhxsa
n Vd jkrhgSA fd lhHkhck vkosxhcy d hvuqifLFkfr es
a;g lEHko gSfd
(A) nks
uksaxsansfojkekoLFkkesavkt k;saA
(B) VDd j d si'pkr~nks
uksaxasnsxfr'khy gks
(C) xfr'khy xs
an fLFkj gkst k;srFkk fLFkj xsan xfr kjEHk d j nsaA
(D) fLFkj xs
an fLFkj jgs]xfr'khy xsan d k osx ifjofrZr gkst k;sA
32.*
A block moving in air explodes in two parts then just after explosion (neglect change in momentum
duet to gravity)
(A*) The total momentum of two parts must be equal to the momentum of the block before explosion.
(B) The total kinetic energy of two parts must be equal as that of block before explosion.
(C) The total momentum must change
(D*) The total kinetic energy must increase
gokes
axfr'khy ,d xq
Vd knksHkkxks
aesafoLQ ksfVr gkst krkgSrksfoLQ ksV d srq
jUr ckn xq: Ro d sd kj.kla
os
x ifjorZ
u ux.;
gS &
(A) nks
uksHkkxksad k d qy laosx]foLQ ksV d sigy sCy kWd d slaosx d scjkcj gksxk
(B) nks
uksaHkkxksad h d qy xfrt t kZogh jgsxh t ksfoLQ ksV d sigy sxqVd sd h Fkh
(C) d q
y laosx vko';d : i lsifjofrZr gkst k;sxkA
(D) d q
y xfrt t kZvko';d : i lsc<+t k,sxhA
33.*
RESONANCE
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 56
PART - II : COMPREHENSION
Hkkx - II : v uqPN sn (COMPREHENSION)
Comprehension # 1
v uqPN sn # 1
A 3kg block A moving with 4 m/sec on a smooth table collides inelastically and head on with an 8kg
block B moving with speed 1.5 m/sec towards A . Given e = 1/2
fpd usest ij 4 m/sec osx lspy rk gqv k ,d 3kg nzO;eku d k Cy kWd A , 1.5 m/sec osx lsfoifjr fn'kk esaA d h
vksj xfr'khy 8kg nzO;eku d sCy kWd d slkFk lEeq[k vR;kLFk VDd j d jrk gSA fn;k gS: e = 1/2
1.
3
m/s
4
(2) VA = 1m/s, VB =
1
m/s
4
3
m/s
4
3
m / s , VB = 2m/s
4
(3) VA =
(2) 4Ns, 12 Ns
(3*) 6Ns, 12 Ns
(3) 30J
(4*) 33J
(2) 35J
89
J
4
(1) VA = 2m/s, VB =
RESONANCE
(2*) )
3
m/s ,
4
99
J
4
(3)
79
J
4
(3) 33J
(4) zero
(4)
99
J
4
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 57
Sol.
la
osx laj{k.kls
e=
3 V1 + 8V2 = 0
....(1)
coffecient of restitution iz
R;koLFkku
xq
.kka
d
V2 V1 =
1
2
V2 V1
1
=
4 1 .5
2
5 .5
2
....(2)
....(2)
5 .5
reat in (i) 3 1 + 8 2 V1 = 0
3 1 + 22 + 8 1 = 0
V2 =
V1 =
22
= 2 m/sec
11
3
3
3
V1 =
(2) =
m/sec
8
8
4
1
1
1
mu1 2 +
m2V2
(m1 + m2) V2.
2
2
2
1
1
3 u2 +
8 (1.5)2 0 = 335
2
2
2
1
99
3 ( 2)2 1 8 3
(4) K = Ki Kf = 33 2
2
4 = 4 J.
Comprehension2
A smooth ball 'A' moving with velocity 'V' collides with another smooth identical ball at rest. After
collision both the balls move with same speed with angle between their velocities 60. No external force
acts on the system of balls.
,d fpd uh xsan 'A' pky 'V' l snwl jh fpd uh ,d l eku xsan l sVd jkrh gSt ksfd igy sfojke esaiM+h FkhA VDd j d s
ckn nksuksaxsansl eku pky l spy rh gSo vc mud sosxksad se/; d ks.k 60 gSA xsanksad sfud k; ij d ksbZck; cy d k;Zjr
ughagksrk gSA
5.
(1)
Sol.
V
(3*)
2V
(4)
l aosx l aj{k.k l s
mv = mv' cos30 + mv' cos30
v
v' = 2 cos 30
3
RESONANCE
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 58
6.
If the kinetic energy lost is fully converted to heat then heat produced is
;fn xfrt t kZesagqbZgkfu iw.kZr;k "ek esaifjofrZr gksrh gSrksmRiUu "ek gksxh &
(1)
Sol.
1
mV2
3
7.
(2)
1
mv2
2
(3) 0
(4*)
1
mV 2
6
xfrt t kZesagkfu
2
1 v
1
mv 2
m
2 3
6
gS&
1
1
(3)
(4) 0
3
3
Initially B was at rest, therefore line of impact is along final velocity of B.
xsan B izkjEHk esafojke esaFkh v r% v kosx f ;k js[kk xsan B d sv fUre osx d sv uqfn'k gksxhA
(1) 1
Sol.
2
mV2
3
e=
(2*)
1 v
2 3
v ' v ' cos 60
1
v cos 30
3
3
v
2
RESONANCE
NIT_CENTRE OF MASS - 59