nas Peanon Adison Wesey © 2008 by Persea Eduestion, re, pa 9 Impulse and Momentum 9.1 Momentum and Impulse 9.2. Solving Impulse and Momentum Problems 1 Rank in order, from largest to smallest, the momenta (p;); 0 (Py)s. 208 208 10g Gs | > BI Tan Sime Bi ms Order: Pa)g>Pa) 2 Px) 52 xs Pd, 2. The position-versus-time graph is shown for a 500 g object. Draw the corresponding momentum- vversus-time graph, Supply an appropriate scale on the vertical axis, (0) 2.0408) wo. 4 5 aft oF gor 19) Ot ry or? s ass Tass 3, The momentum-versus-time graph is shown for a $00 g object. Draw the corresponding acceleration: versus-time graph, Supply an appropriate scale on the vertical axis, P.0se 0) 2.¢as?) 10. Io 10) 0 ot9-2. cuapreR 9 Impulse and Momentum 4, A2 kg object is moving to the right with a speed of 1 m/s when it experiences an impulse due to the force shown in the graph. What is the object's speed and direction after the impulse? a FAN) b. ROD 2 2 | —_— Tye BN OSB=-INS AR Sx=g-IN Is-g -N1s =O web WS ose Bo Neg Nige Ne I-06 4O5E] Ny, = [|B tothevighet 5. A2 kg object is moving to the left with a Speed of | m/s when it experiences an impulse due to the force shown in the graph. What is the abject’s speed and direction after the impulse? a EN) bem 2 2 wy ° “9 ° 0 | ass > 2 SySON-0.58 5 1N-S 2 AP, Sxe-9N-|s=-ONS = AR, AY AR « INS 29.58 any: Bik BMS. 19 NiNathly= IESE eos] Ve eV EAS 6.A2kg object has the velocity graph BS ‘a, What isthe object’ initial momentum? “P= “kas , What isthe object's final momentum? “P, kat ¢. What impulse does the object experience? ye thas 4. Draw the graph showing the force on the object. a4 1) as Pearson Adin: Wes 4 i a 5 a z(© 2008 ty Pearson Ecation fe. publishing os Peano Adon Wesley, Impulse and Momentum. cHarreR 9 9-3 at it, You're offered a very bouncy rubber ball and a very sticky clay ball of ‘equal mass, Assume that you can throw them with equal speed and equal 7. Acamival game requires you to knock over a wood post by throwing a ball @-—» j accuracy. You only get one throw. a. Which ball will you choose? Why? Grasse he bauney Tubler batt Because, int cubber ball bounces bock itexperiences Aafedter Chomae MMOMe ry 4 e gaits tesone Auta) Speed “Thevetare, . impacts & InpUlge on tne POS and 1S MOse likely 1S knock, it OVE Let’ think aboit the situation more carefully. Both balls have the same inital momentum p,just before hitting the post. The clay ball sticks, the rabber ball bounces off with essentially no loss of speed, In terms of pqvhat is the final momentum ofeach ball? Cartan O rasertatpu= ~Phy Hint: Momentum has a sign. Did you take the sign into account? Cyt: n= “Py rubtervatane “OP, Theouncy Culsker ball experiences aarenterr impulse, Oscar Woe keen From its afester clnontie in, nowotony ¢, From Newton's third law, the impulse thatthe ball exerts on the post is equal in magnitude, although ‘opposite in ditection, to the impulse that the post exerts onthe ball. Which ball exert the larger impulse on the post? The rubber boil exerts alarger impulse because of the greocter impulse on it £. Don't Ghange your answer to part a, but are you still happy with that answer? IF not, how would you change your answer? Why? SHU Noppy swehope. 8. A falling rubber ball bounces on the floor. a Use the language of force, acceleration, and action/reaction to describe what happens, “The ball exerts aForee anthe Moor ancttne 4S onequal jut Se force Bacco tne ook ee Eee Acceleror ion) is loge, ; the Fleoe's j Jiailole. becouse oF Ks Mugs MOSS. Ht is difficult AE tne, Forces ond the oceelerotion without knawing more! b. Use the language of impulse and momentum to describe what happens Because of the impulse from the Hoos the culdo Mt Momentum Cl Be Syrore tnarine noc poss eas Iu O erent as ihe Hear Cecelves Ontqual impulse WV Me “i . ae TORE =e a Nas no measux 2 Velocity9-4 CHAPTER 9 ~ Impulse and Momentum 9. A small, light ball $ and a large, heavy ball L move toward each other, collide, and bounce apart. a ‘a, Compare the force that S exerts on L to the force that L exests on S. That is, is Fs oq1 larger, smaller, (oF equal to F;, og 5? Explain, Foon? Fens. These He forces ave anaction-feoction, Pair, equal ond oppasite lay Newtor's third law: ’b. Compare the time interval during which $ experiences a force to the time interval during which L, experiences a forve. Are they equal, or is one longer than the other? Tie time intervals are alse equal c. Sketch a graph showing a plausible Fon, a8 function of time and another graph showing a plausible Fg: aa function of time. Be sure think about the sign of each force. 4. Compare the impulse delivered to Sto the impulse delivered to L. Explain The Forces are quot ond are exerted aver the some ime interval. There fore the impulses are eq UA, tart oppasite m direction. «. Compare the momentum change ofS to the momentum change of L, The mroment urn Chonags ae eA U0 in, moanttude, lout Oppasite indirection Tec ecach. £, Compare the velocity change of $ to the velocity change of L, TheNelocity Chonaes are nek equal: Sexperences a Tmucn opesttse Chirag because its moss 15 much smaller ‘2: What is the change in the sum of the momenta ofthe two balls? Is it positive, negative, or zero? There is 10 cl 2 Inthe Sum of the momercta of the wo balls because Here cromaes ae equdland opposite: (©2008 by easoe Education, Ine, publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley‘© 2008 by Peano Education. ne. publishing as Pessoa Adlon Wesley Impulse and Momentum CHAPTER 9 95 Exercises 10-12: Draw a momentum bar chart to show the momenta and impulse for the situation described. 10. A compressed spring shoots a ball to the right. The ball was initially at rest NLoF he Final momentum Comes from the impulse Provided. by he spring: ‘A rubber ball is tossed straight up and bounces off the ceiling, Consider only the collision with the ceiling, Foraperfectty clastic Collision with the ceiling, thecl e WK) Mornent istwice Me Anal momentum. Theimpulse is provided by Pre. ceiling. A clay ball is tossed straight up and sticks to the ceiling. Consider only the collision with the ceiling, The ceiling provides On impulse equal ond Oppssite to the mitial Marnextrun:9-6 cuarran 9 + Impulse and Momentum 9.3 Conservation of Momentum 13, A golf club continues forward after hitting the golf ball, Is momentum conserved in the collision? Explain, making sure you are careful to identify te “sytem.” At themament of collision it may be T20SONalole, 1 the momentum of just re cluld onal aol Os ore ogee Sust before ond atrer the collision, would Woe Hecessay Fo include the op lFex and even the carta 0S part oF Yy the system: 14, As you release a ball, it falls—gaining speed and momentum. Is momentum conserved? a. Answer this question fom the perspective of choosing the bll alone asthe system. The momentum oF the ball is not conserved. The Weiavrt Is on Uunlorianced force from an agent exbed \Fothesystem, », Answer this question from the perspective of choosing ball +earth as the system, TS Me earth is included, then momentum } Conserved. While tre ball is gain ra downward MOEN Teco is Qaanin ual magnitude OF Loward momentvyn “By ite we he =e SARS ols oss,) ue meosticen, ‘Two particles collide, one of which was initially moving and the other initially at rest, 1. Is it possible for both particles to be at rest after the collision? Give an example in which this happens, or explain why it can't happen, Both pacticles Connst lee OF Pest immediately ALE frecollision. Tr they were both ob fest Aner some, momentum ould ete be lost to a Mnivd object Prat is park of tne System: ing 8 Peso Asion Wesley, . Isit possible for one particle to be at rest after the collision? Give an example in which this happens, or explain why it can’t happen. A dhe mosses ove alana tre collision elastic the moving Parti cle will Stop aNd ave AlLOL MS mom eae neously Sestins aac Agee comping When alorlliavel loall calls ci into onthe FesHing loilliond (eo boatl eellsdireety15 2008 ty Feason Eduction, loc, publishing PessonAdison-Wesiey, Impulse and Momentum - cuarran 9 9-7 9.4 Inelastic Colli: 9.5 Explosions Exercises 16-18: Prepare a pictorial representation for these problems, but do not solve them, + Draw pictures of “before” and “after.” + Define symbols relevant to the problem. + List known information, and identify the desired unknown. 16. ASO kg archer, standing on frictionless ice, shoots a 100 g arrow at a speed of 100 m/s. What is the recoil speed of the archer? Before After Wig)? 0 1. 50k. a ie oto, (Ve) = (008 Ni) 9 lass} atu! oO * o Find (Veoreher 17, The parking brake on a 2000 kg Cadillac has failed, and itis rolling slowly, at 1 mph, toward a group of small innocent children, As you see the situation, you realize there is just time for you to drive your 1000 kg Volkswagen head-on into the Cadillac and thus to save the children. With what speed should ‘you impact the Cadillac to bring it to a halt? Before Wis) zlmpls cee) —_—_+—— 3 Wa, ° Aww Agiec Find Widvw 18, Dan is gliding on his skateboard at 4 m/s. He suddenly jumps backward off the skateboard, kicking the skateboard forward at 8 m/s, How fast is Dan going as his feet hit the ground? Dan's mass is 50 kg and the skateboard’s mass is 5 kg. M = 50k, yom messy, Nid Wine AS he . ¥ Wag8 Fina Wiel948 cuAPYER 9 - Impulse and Momentum 9.6 Momentum in Two Dimensions 19, An object initially at rest explodes into three fragments. The ‘momentum vectors of two of the fragments are shown. Draw the ‘momentum vector p; of the third fragment 20, An object initially at rest explodes into three fragments. The ‘momentum vectors of two of the fragments are shown. Draw the ‘momentum vector py of the third fragment. 21. A500 g ball traveling tothe right at 8.0 mv collides with and bounces off another bal. The figure shows the momentum ‘vector i of the first ball after the collision, Draw the ‘momentum veetor fi ofthe second ball. 22, A500 g ball traveling to the right at 4.0 m/s collides with and bounces off another ball. The figure shows the momentum vector ofthe first ball after the collision. Draw the ‘momentum vector of the second ball 2,050 08) 2,604.08) Gum PGs) 2,608) (© 2008 by Pearon Fat, Io, poblishng a Peon Addison Wesley