Information and Communication Technology (s.07)

Latest Development in Networks and Communications
LA2.S07.1
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
NAME
: IZZAH ATIRAH BINTI DARUWIS
IC NUMBER
: 990311-13-5718
CLASS
: 5 SNS BESTARI
INDEX NUMBER
GROUP MEMBERS
1. NUR SYAFIFI HAYANTI BINTI PADEL

2. ANWARIAH ALYANI BINTI MOHD ANNUAR
3.
DATE OF SUBMISSION
LA2.S07.1
1.0
Introduction (Computer Networks and Communications)
Computer Networks
A computer network, often simply referred to as a network, is a group of
computers and devices interconnected by communications channels that
facilitate communications among users and allows users to share resources.
Networks may be classified according to a wide variety of characteristics.
Communications
Communication is a process whereby information is enclosed in a package and is
channeled and imparted by a sender to a receiver via some medium. The
receiver then decodes the message and gives the sender a feedback. All forms of
communication require a sender, a message, and an intended recipient, however
the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender's intent to communicate
at the time of communication in order for the act of communication to occur.
Communication requires that all parties have an area of communicative
commonality. There are auditory means, such as speech, song, and tone of
voice, and there are nonverbal means, such as body language, sign language,
paralanguage, touch, eye contact, through media, i.e., pictures, graphics and
sound, and writing.
Computer Networks and Communications
The purpose of a computer communications network is to allow moving
information from one point to another inside the network. The information could
be stored on a device, such as a personal computer in the network, it could be
generated live outside the network, such as speech, or could be generated by a
process on another piece of information, such as automatic sales transactions at
the end of a business day. The device does not necessarily have to be a
computer; it could be a hard disk, a camera or even a printer on the network.
Due to a large variety of information to be moved, and due to the fact that each
type of information has its own conditions for intelligibility, the computer
network has evolved into a highly complex system. Specialized knowledge from
many areas of science and engineering goes into the design of networks. It is
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practically impossible for a single area of science or engineering to be entirely

responsible for the design of all the components. Therefore, a study of computer
networks branches into many areas as we go up from fundamentals to the
advanced levels.
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2.0
Mobile Computing
2.1
Definition
Using a computing device while in transit. Mobile computing implies wireless transmission,
but wireless transmission does not necessarily imply mobile computing. Fixed wireless
applications use satellites, radio systems and lasers to transmit between permanent objects
such as buildings and towers.
2.2
Specification, services, and frequencies of Mobile Computing

(based on one product e.g. PDA, 3G mobile phone)
Blackberry Torch 9800
LA2.S07.1
Specification
User Interface: BlackBerry OS 6.0

Display: 3.2-inch TFT, 1.6 Million Colors, 480360
pixels .
Battery: 1300mAhLi-lon.
Memory: 4GB Internal Memory, 512MB
RAM+512MB ROM, 32GB micro SD Expansion
Services
.
3
.
Frequencies
Slot.
Main Camera: 5MP CMOS(25921944), Flash LED
camera, Full Time auto-Focus, Geo tagging

GPRS/EDGE/3G/WLAN (WIFI 802.11b/g/n)
GPS/AGPS
Data transfer via Bluetooth 2.1
microUSB2.0 connector
GSM 850/900/1800/1900
HSDPA850/1900/2100/800
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3.0
Internet Technology and Services

3.1
VoIP
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP, Voice over IP) is a general term for a family of
methodologies, communication protocols, and transmission technologies for delivery of
voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks,
such as the Internet. Example of VoIP setup in residential network.
LA2.S07.1
3.2
BLOG
A blog (a blend of the term web log) is a type of website or part of a website. Blogs
are usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary, descriptions
of events, or other material such as graphics or video. Entries are commonly displayed
in reverse-chronological order. Blog can also be used as a verb, meaning to maintain
or add content to a blog.
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4.0
Types of network
4.1
PAN
A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication

among computer devices, including telephones and personal digital assistants, in
proximity to an individual's body. The devices may or may not belong to the person in
question. The reach of a PAN is typically a few meters. PANs can be used for
communication among the personal devices themselves (intrapersonal communication), or
for connecting to a higher level network and the Internet (an uplink). Personal area
networks may be wired with computer buses such as USB and FireWire. A wireless
personal area network (WPAN) can also be made possible with network technologies
such as IrDA, Bluetooth, UWB, Z-Wave and Zig Bee.
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4.2
VPN
A virtual private network also known as a VPN is a private network that extends across a
public network or internet. It enables users to send and receive data across shared or public
networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network.
VPNs can provide functionality, security and/or network management benefits to the user.
But they can also lead to new issues, and some VPN services, especially "free" ones, can
actually violate their users' privacy by logging their usage and making it available without
their consent, or make money by selling the user's bandwidth to other users.
LA2.S07.1
4.3
WLAN
A wireless local area network (WLAN) links two or more devices using some
wireless distribution method (typically spread-spectrum or OFDM radio), and usually
providing a connection through an access point to the wider internet. This gives users the
mobility to move around within a local coverage area and still be connected to the
network.Wireless LANs have become popular in the home due to ease of installation, and the
increasing popularity of laptop computers. Public businesses such as coffee shops and
malls have begun to offer wireless access to their customers; sometimes for free. Large
wireless network projects are being put up in many major cities: New York City, for instance,
has begun a pilot program to cover all five boroughs of the city with wireless Internet access.
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4.4
WIMAX
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a telecommunications

protocol that provides fixed and fully mobile Internet access. The current WiMAX revision
provides up to 40 Mbit/s with the IEEE802. 16m update expected to offer up to 1Gbit/s fixed
speeds. The name "WiMAX" was created by the WiMAX Forum, which was formed in June
2001 to promote conformity and interoperability of the standard. The forum describes
WiMAX as "a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless
broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL.
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5.0
Conclusion (Computer Networks and Communications)

Computer network communication system is a modern information technology is an
important part. Communication technologies are moving in the digital, broadband,
high speed, and intelligent, integrated, rapid development in the direction of the
network. It will give people quality of life, provides people with satisfaction and
control needs.
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Reference
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networks
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications
http://www.scribd.com/doc/18422189/Computer-Networks-and
Communication-Form-4
http://www.engadget.com/2010/08/04/blackberry-torch-review/
http://na.blackberry.com/devices/blackberrytorch/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VoIP
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLOG
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAN
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VPN
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WLAN
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIMAX
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