DETAIL DESIGN

Assume it is liquid flow system :

H2SO4

C2H4O + H2O
A

Species
A
B
C

Feed Rate
FAO
FBO=BFAO
0

Change
-FA0X
-FAOX
+FAOX

Time

Cc

(min)

(kmol/m3)

0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
3.0
4.0
6.0
10.0

0.000
0.145
0.270
0.376
0.467
0.610
0.715
0.848
0.957

C2H6O2

Effluent Rate
FA = FA0(1-X)
FB = FAO(B-X)
FC = FAOX

Concentration
CA = CAO(1-X)
CB = CAO(B-X)
CC = CAOX

CA
(kmol/m3)

0.000
0.145
0.270
0.376
0.467
0.610
0.715
0.848
0.957

1
0.855
0.730
0.624
0.533
0.390
0.285
0.152
0.0431

ln

C AO
CA

0.000
0.157
0.315
0.472
0.629
0.942
1.255
1.884
3.144

Sample calculations:
CAO = 2 kmol/m3. Since dilution occur, the initial concentration of A that fed to the
reactor will dilute and become CAO = 1 kmol/m3
CC

= CAOX

0.145 = 1 X
X

= 0.145

CA = CAO(1-X)
CA = (1-0.145)
CA = 0.855 kmol/m3

ln

C AO
1
=ln
=0.157
CA
0.855

The reaction is considered to be first-order in ethylene oxide concentration and zeroorder for excess water under this condition(dilution) as stated by T.Furusawa,Chem.
Eng. Jpn., 2, 95 (1969). Hence, the graph ln(C AO/CA) versus time is plotted in order to
prove it is first order reaction.
3.5
3
2.5
2

ln(CAO/CA)

1.5

Y-Values
Linear (Y-Values)

1
0.5
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Time,t(min)

Graph 1: First order graph (ln(CA/CAO) vs t)

Based on the graph, ln(CAO/CA) increase linearly with respect to time. Hence, it is
prove the reaction is first order. Value of k can be find from the gradient of the graph.
First-order equation:
ln

C AO
=kt
CA

Gradient = k =

(3.1440)
=0.314 min1
(100)

By using the idle reactor:

Information given:
CAO = 16kmol/m3
FAO = 1600kmol/min
T0 = 50 oC = 323 K
k = 0.3144 min-1 at T= 328 K
HoRX = -37.669 kJ/mol
Ea = 79.046 kJ/mol
V = 1m3
Since dilution occur, the reactant fed are assumed to be equimolar and water is
assume to be constant since it is excess.

V=

F AO X
r A

V=

v o C AO X
k CA

V=

v o C AO X
k C AO ( 1 X )

X
kX

X MB=

eqn.

(1)

eqn.

(2)

k
k +1

k =k 1 exp

[ ( )]
E 1 1

R T1 T

v AO =

F AO 1600 kmol /min 100 m3

=
=
C Ao
16 kmol
min
3
m
3

v o =v AO + v BO=100+ 100=

200 m
min

V
1 m3
=
=0.005 min
v o 200 m3 /min

Substitute , and eqn (2) into eqn (1);

0.005 0.3144 exp

X MB=

28.9865 ( T 328 )
T

]]

]]

0.005 0.3144 exp

28.9865 ( T 328 )
+1
T

1.572 103 exp

28.9865 ( T 328 )
T

X MB=
1.572 103 exp

28.9865 ( T 328 )
+1
T

T T R
H oRX + C p

i C pi (T T o)
X EB=

B = yBO / yAO = 0.5/0.5 = 1

From table heat capacities and Kopps Rule; C pA = 0.0792 kJ/mol.K, CpB = 75.4 kJ/mol.K,
CpC = 0.182 kJ/mol.K
kJ

i C pi=0.0792+ ( 1 ) 75.4=75.4792 mol . K

C p=0.18275.40.0792=75.2972

X EB=

75.4792(T 323)
37.669+75.2972(T 298)

Sample calculation when T=323K,

kJ
.K
mol

T(K)

XMB

XEB

323
340
360
380
400
420
440
460
480

0.0010
0.0044
0.0203
0.0766
0.2248
0.4735
0.7156
0.8656
0.9384

0
0.4010
0.5934
0.6926
0.7530
0.7937
0.8230
0.8451
0.8624

500

0.9711

0.8762

1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6

Conversion, X 0.5

XMB
XEB

0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
323 343 363 383 403 423 443 463 483 503 523

T (K)

From the graph, by using the idle reactor, the maximum conversion is 84% at
temperature, T=456K