Worksheet No.

3: Second Law of Thermodynamics

A. Heat Engine and Refrigerator

1. A gasoline engine produces 20 hp using 35 kW of heat transfer from burning fuel. What is its thermal efficiency
and how much power is rejected to the ambient?
2. A refrigerator removes 1.5 kJ from the cold space using 1 kJ work input. How much energy goes into the kitchen
and what is its coefficient of performance?
B. Entropy Equation Applications (Control Mass/Volume)
3. A piston cylinder compresses R-410a at 200 kPa, -20 oC to a pressure of 1200 kPa in a reversible adiabatic
process. Find the final temperature and the specific compression work?
4. One kilogram of ammonia in a piston/cylinder at 50C, 1000 kPa is expanded in a reversible isobaric process to
140C. Find the work and heat transfer for this process.
5. A reversible isothermal expander (a turbine with heat transfer) has an inlet flow of carbon dioxide at 3 MPa, 40 oC
and an exit flow at 1 MPa, 40oC. Find the specific heat transfer from the entropy equation and the specific work
from the energy equation assuming ideal gas.
6. A first stage in a turbine receives steam at 10 MPa, 800C with an exit pressure of 800 kPa. Assume the stage is
adiabatic and neglect kinetic energies. Find the exit temperature and the specific work.
7. A reversible adiabatic compressor receives 0.05 kg/s saturated vapor R-410a at 200 kPa and has an exit pressure
of 800 kPa. Neglect kinetic energies and find the exit temperature and the minimum power needed to drive the
unit.
8. Atmospheric air at -45C, 60 kPa enters the front diffuser of a jet engine with a velocity of 900 km/h and frontal
area of 1 m2. After the adiabatic diffuser the velocity is 20 m/s. Find the diffuser exit temperature and the
maximum pressure possible.
C. Irreversibility (Lost) and Reversible (Ideal) Work
9. The compressor in a refrigerator takes refrigerant R-134a in at 100 kPa, 20C and compresses it to 1 MPa,
40C. With the room at 20C find the minimum compressor work and the irreversibility of this process.
10. A steam turbine receives steam at 6 MPa, 800C. It has a heat loss of 49.7 kJ/kg and an isentropic efficiency of
90%. For an exit pressure of 15 kPa and surroundings at 20C, find the actual work and the reversible work
between the inlet and the exit and the irreversibility of the process.