PIR Motion Activated Relay Circuit

The post explains a simple motion activated PIR relay circuit which can be used
for activating lights only in the presence of a human, thus saving precious
electric power.

Here is a simple circuit that activates a relay when a living being (a human) is
detected by the PIR sensor. Here PIR stands for Passive Infrared sensor. It
doesnt produce any infrared radiations to detect the presence of a living being
but on the other hand it detects the infrared radiations released by them.

This circuit uses a HC - SR501 PIR motion sensor which is the heart of the circuit.
Initially when the motion is detected by the sensor, it produces a small signal
voltage(usually 3.3 volts) which is fed to the base of the transistor BC547
through a current control resistor and hence, its output goes high and it switches
the relay on. This relay can be configured to be used with a electrical bulb or a
tubelight, night lamp or anything else that works on 220VAC.
This circuit is mostly used in gardens, so that at night, when we go for a walk in
the garden, the circuit switches on a light automatically and it remains lit until
we are in the sensors vicinity and it gets turned off when we move away from
that place and hence reducing the electricity costs. Heres a back view of the
sensor HC-SR501