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Analysis-2 Test PDF
Analysis-2 Test PDF
REAL ANALYSIS II
Submitted to
T.
Part I
(10 points) Write your answer neatly and precisely on the space provided.
1. State:
(a) Minkowski Inequality
Theorem 1.1. If f and g are in Lp with 1 p , then so is f + g and
kf + gkp kf kp + kgkp
If 1 < p < , then the equality can hold only if there are nonnegative constants & such that
f = g.
(b) H
older Inequality
Theorem 1.2. If p and q are nonnegative extended real numbers such that
f Lp and g Lq , then f g L1 and
Z
|f g| kf kp kgkq
1
p
1
q
= 1 and if
Equality holds iff for some , constants not both zero we have |f |p = |g|q a.e.
(c) Radon-Nikodym Theorem
Theorem 1.3. Let (X, M, ) be a finite measure space and let be a measure defined on M
such that . Then there exists a non negative measurable function f defined on X such that
Z
(E) =
f d for all E M.
E
The function f is unique in the sense that if g is any nonnegative measurable function on X that
also has this property, then g = f a.e. [].
(d) Fubini Theorem
Theorem 1.4. Let f : X Y R be integrable function. Then the iterated integrals exist
and
Z
Z Z
Z Z
f d( ) =
f dd =
f dd
(e) Tonelli Theorem
Theorem 1.5. Let (X, A, ) and (Y, B, ) be a finite measure
R R space andRlet
R f : X Y R
be a measurable function. If one of the iterated integrals
|f |dd or
|f |dd exists,
then the function f is integrable and hence the other iterated integrals exists and
Z Z
Z Z
Z Z
f d( ) =
f dd =
f dd
Part II
(30 points) Workout Problems: Show all the necessary steps neatly and precisely
on the space provided.
1. Let 1 p find the value the parameter for which
Z
1
lim
f = 0, for all f Lp ([0, 1])
0+ 0
1
p
1
q
= 1. et g = [0,] . Then
Z
q[0,] d
kgkq =
1/q
= 1/q
[0,] |f |d 1/q kf k.
Then
lim
0+
f d = 0.
[0,]
If
lim+
1/q kf kp
= 0 lim+ 1/q kf kp = 0
0
lim+ 1/q = 0
0
1
1
1
>0< =1
q
q
p
If p = 1,
Z
lim+
[0,]
f d = 0 lim+
0
k
=0<0
If p = ,
lim+
Z
[0,]
f d = 0 lim+
0
1
kf k
1
x
R1
0
Z
[0,]
f (x)
dx
x
d kf k lim+
0
1
1
= lim+ 1 = 0 < 1.
< .
Now
Z
|g(x)|
3/2
Z 1
dx =
0
3/2
Z
dx =
gL
[0,1]
3/4
1
1/4
=4<
0
[0, 1].
Z
Z
f (x)
dx =
f (x)g(x)dx
|f ||g(x)|dx
x
[0,1]
[0,1]
Z
1/3 Z
2/3
3
3/2
|f | dx
|g(x)| dx
[0,1]
[0,1]
kf k3 kgk3/2 <
Therefore
dx = 4x
0
3/2
By Holders inequality
Z
Z
[0,1]
f (x)
dx < .
x
Z
n
n2 xen x
dx
1 + x2
lim
n2 xen x
dx = lim
k
1 + x2
Z
a
nk
= lim
n2 xen x
dx
1 + x2
na
xex
2 dx
1 + nx2
2
Z
= lim
[na,nk]
[0,)
xex
2 dx
1 + nx2
By MCT
2
Z
=
(na,)
[0,]
xex
2 dx
1 + nx2
xex2
x2
= g(x)
1 + x2 xe
n2
n2
Z
2
2
1
1
=
xex dx = ex =
2
2
0
0
x2
(na,) xe 2
1+ x
Z
xex
[0,)
g L1
Thus by LDCT
Z
lim
n2 xen x
dx =
1 + x2
Therefore
Z
lim
Z
lim [na,)
[0,) n
2
xex
2 dx = 0
1 + nx2
n2 xen x
dx = 0.
1 + x2
4. Let (X, M, ) be a measure space for which 0 < (X) < , and suppose that f L (X, M, ).
i. Show that f Lp (X, M, ).
ii. Prove that
lim kf kp = kf k
Solution. i.
R
X
|f |p d supxX |f |p
R
X
d kf kp (X) <
f Lp (X, M, )
ii. (
R
X
1/p
|f |p d
lim (kf kp )1/p lim ((X))1/p
p
Z
lim
1/p
|f | d
kf k
p
lim sup kf kp kf k
(1)
Assume that M = kf k > 0. Given 0 < < M , there is a set A M such that (A) > 0 and
|f | > M on all of A M. Therefore, for all p > 0
Z
|f |p d (M )p (A)
X
Z
1/p
|f | d
(M )(A)1/p
Z
1/p
|f | d
lim inf
lim inf kf kp M = kf k
p
(2)
5. Let 1 , 2 and be measures on a measure space (X, M, ). Show that if 1 and 2 then
(1 + 2 ) .
Solution. Let E be a measurable set in M such that (E) = 0. Since 1 and 2 ,
1 (E) = 0 = 2 (E). Thus, (1 + 2 )(E) = 1 (E) + 2 (E) = 0. Therefore, (1 + 2 ) .
6. Compute
Z
ey
sin2 (y)
dy
y
Z
0
Let I(x) =
R
0
sin(2xy)dx = ey ( cos(2xy))|1x=0
1 cos(2y)
ey sin2 (y)
= ey
=
2y
y
Z 1 Z
0
Z
sin(2xy)ey dy dx =
2x
1 + x2
1
2x
1
log 5
2
dx
=
log(1
+
4x
)
1= 4
2
1 + 4x
4
0
Z 1
0
Therefore
Z
0
ey
Z
ey dx dy =
sin2 (y)
log 5
dy =
y
4
ey dy = 1 < .