2012

, 2012 ,
.. .
2011-2012

1
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vaggelisnikolakakis@hotmail.com

..

11

. 1. 1
1. 1;
1,
.
, =

:
1=

0 = 1 0
1
= 0 = 1, 2, 3, ..

2. ;
, , :
. = +

. =

. = ()

. =

.
3. ;

x ,

, .
:

= x x2 = x, 0

0 =0

4. ;
0

=
2


A 0 0,
A 0 0,

5. A 0 0 ,

= 2 = 2.
:
=

6. A 0 > 0 ,

=
2

= = .
=

= 2 = 2,
:

= , .

. 1. 2
7. ;

.
8. ;

.
9. ;
,
.
10. ;

.


, .
11. ;
.
12. ;
.
.
13. ;
.
14. ;
0.
.
15. ;

.
16. ;
.
17. ;

.
. 1. 3
18. ;
.
19. ;

.
20. ;
0.
.
. 1. 4
21. :
. ;
. ;
:
.
.
.
.
. 1. 5

22. ;

23. :
i.

( +)2 = 2 + 2 + 2

ii. ( )2 = 2 2 + 2
iii. ( + )3 = 3 + 32 + 32 + 3
iv. ( )3 = 3 32 + 32 3
v. ( )( + ) = 2 2
vi. 3 3 = ( )( 2 + + 2)
vii. 3 + 3 = ( + )( 2 + 2)

i.

( + ) 2 = ( + ) ( + ) = 2 + + + 2 = 2 + 2 + 2

ii. ( ) 2 = ( )( ) = 2 + 2 = 2 2 + 2
iii. ( + )3 = ( + ) 2( + ) = ( 2 + 2 + 2 )( + ) =

= 3 + 2

+ 2 + 2 + 2 2 + 3 = 3 + 3 2 + 3 2 + 3

iv. ( )3 = ( ) 2( ) = ( 2 2 + 2 )( ) =

= 3

22 + 2 2 + 2 2 3 = 3 3 2 + 3 2 3
v. ( )( + ) = 2 + 2
vi. ( )( 2 + + 2) = 3 + 2 + 2 2 2 3 = 3 3
vii. ( + )( 2 + 2) = 3 2 + 2 + 2 2 + 3 = 3 + 3
. 1. 6
24. ;

.
25. ;

,
.

+ = ( + )

,
:
,

+ =
( + ) ( + ) =
( + )( )

 2 2

2 2 = ( )( + )

= ( )( + ),

.


:
( )( 2 + + 2) = 3 3

3 3 = ( )( 2 + + 2)

( + )( 2 + 2 ) = 3 + 3

3 + 3 = ( + )( 2 + 2 )

.

:
2 + 2 + 2 2 2 + 2,

2 + 2 + 2 = ( + ) 2

2 2 + 2 = ( ) 2

( + )2 ( )2,
:
( + )2 = ( + )( + ) ( )2 =( )( )
x2 + ( + )x +
x2 + ( + )x + :
x2 + ( + )x + =
x2 + x + x + =

x(x + ) + (x + ) =

x2 + ( + )x + = (x + )(x + )

(x + )(x + )
. 1. 7
26. ;
(x)
() (x) () (x)0
(x) () (x) (), :
(x) = (x) (x) + (x)

( )

(x) (x) (x)

(x).
. 1. 8
27. (...) (...)

;

 (...)

,
.
(...)

,
.
. 1. 9
28. ;
.
29. ;

.
30. ;
, , ,
.
. 1. 10
31. ;

.
:

: = =
0

: = =

22

. 2. 1
32. 1 ;
1
0.
( ) .

.

x + = 0

33. x + = 0 ;
0, x + = x =

= 0, 0 x + = 0 0x = (),
= 0, = 0, x + = 0 0x = 0 (
).
. 2. 2
34. 2 , ;

x2 + x + = 0 , , 0.

.

x .
35.

x2 + x + = 0 , , 0.

x2 + x + = 0 , , 0 :
x2 + x + = 0
42x2 + 4x + 4 = 0

[ 4]

4 x + 4x = 4

[ ]

42x2 + 4x + 2 = 2 4

[ 2]

2 2

(2x)2 + 22x + 2 = 2 4 [ (2 + )2]

(2 + )2 = 2 4
2 4 (2 + )2 =
2 4 (2 + )2 = (i)
0 (i) : (2 + )2 =

2x + =

2x =

x=

0 ( I )
x 2 + x + = 0 , ,

 0 x =

36. :
. ;
. ;
. ;
2 + + = 0 , , , 0
= 2 4:
. x =

, 0

. x =

, = 0

. , 0
37. x2 + x + x2 + x + = 0
0 1, 2;
1, 2 x2 + x + = 0 0 x2 + x +
:
x2 + x + = (x 1)( x2)
. 2. 4
38. ;
, .
,
.
. 2. 5
39. ( ) ;
:
, 0.
, 0.
= , = 0.

0, .
0, .
= 0, .
40. ;
( ) , , (
) .
(
)

)
x y,
x y.
x , x .
41. ;
,
. , + + .
,
.
, + + .
,
.
0,

,
.
0,

.
, , ,

33

. 3. 1
42. ;
x + y= .
x + y= (x, y)

.
43. x + y= 0 0
;
x + y = 0 0 :
, x + y
= .
x + y =

.
44. ;
. y = k k 0

. y = 0
. x = k k 0
. x = 0
. y = k k 0 xx

yy (0, k )
. y = 0 xx.
. x = k k 0 yy

xx (k, 0)
. x = 0 yy.
45. x + y= 0 0

xx yy;
xx 0, , x + y =

xx, y = 0 x x + 0 = x = x =

. (

, 0)

yy 0, B, x + y =

yy, x = 0 y 0 +y = y = y =

. B(0,

. 3. 2
46. ;
. x y;
.

x y;

x y;

x + y =
, , , 0.
x + y =

. x y
(x0, y0) .
. x
y (x0, y0)
.
47. x y
, , ;
x y

:

 ,
.

()
.

44

. 4. 1
48. y = x2 0;
y = x2 0 .
y = x2 0
(0, 0) xx ,
x y 0.
y = x2 0 y = 0, x = 0,
x y, y = x2 0

yy.
, .
. 4. 1
49. y = x2 0;
y = x2 0 .
y = x2 0 (0,
0) xx , x y 0.
y = x2 0 y = 0, x = 0,
x y, y = x2 0

yy.
, .
. 4. 2
50. ;
y = x2 + x + 0.

51. y = x2 + x + 0;

= x2 + x + 0 :
(

) = 4

 x =

2
0, y = x + x + y =
x =
4
2
0, y = x + x + y =
2

x =

55

52. ;

,
.
53. ;
Venn.
54. ;

, .
55. ;
,
.
56. ;
. .
57. , ;
,
.
58. , ;
,
.
59. ;

.
60. ;
,
.
61. ;

.
62. ;
.

 ,
.
63. ;

.

.
64. ;
= 0.
65. ;

.
66. P()
;

o
P( ) =

()
()

:
P( ) =

()
()

= 1 P() =

( )
()

=0

() 1.
67. ;

() + () = 1
, ( ) + ( ) = () + ().

--

11

. 1. 1
A

68. ;

.
69. , ;
:

, ,

, ,
,

, ,
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>90

70. , , , .

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71. ;

( )
.

=
:

A=

=
=

72. ;
( )
(. . .)
,
.

:
A =

= =

( . . . )

A
.
:
A =

= =

(. . .)
,
A
.
:
=

73. ;

( )
,

.
:

= A
= 90o
A

= =
=

.
:

=A
= 90o
A

= =
=

,

.
:

=A
=90o
A

1 = =

,

.

=A
= 90o
A

= =

.
:

 =A
= 90o
A

= =

74. ;
.

.
75. ;
.
.
76.
, .

.
A

. = .

// .

, ,
. = .
. 1. 2
77. ;
,

= .

78. , ,;
,

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, , ,
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79. ;
, ,,
.
:

.
. 1. 3

80.

.
,

.

1 // 2 // 3

, .
//

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//

. 1. 4

81.
;

= .
82. ;
.

.
:

, > 1

, 0 < < 1

, = 1.

. 1. 4

83. ;

,
.

( )

=
,
=
, =
, =
, =

= .

.
84. ;
.
.
, 1.
.
.
85. ;

( ) .

= ,
= , =
,

=
=

()

86. ;
( )

,
.
A

= ,

= , ,,

= =
=

. 1. 5
87. ;

.

11

. 2. 1
88. ;
(0 180 ) x,
.

= = = x 2 + y 2 :
A ( x, y ) xOM

M(x, y)

x
y

1 +1.
1 1 1 1
.
A (x, y) 1 , 0, 0, 0
A (x, y) 2 , 0, 0, 0
89. = 0 = 90 = 180;

= 0 = =1 :
x .. (1,0), = xOM
0 =

0 =

0 =

=0

x 1

= =1

1
y

M(1,0)
x

=0

= 90 = =1 :
y .. (0, 1), = xOM
90 =

y 1

M(0,1)

90 =

= =1

=0

O
y

90 , x = 0

= 180 = = 1 :
x .. (1, 0), = xOM
180 =
180 =

0
1

=0

1
1

=1

v
M(-1, 0)
x

O
y

180 =

=0

90. ;
180 - :
(180 ) =
(180 ) =
(180 ) =
91. :
. 2 +2 = 1

. =

.
2

y
x
y x
+ = + = 2 + 2 =

2

y
M(x, y)

y2 + x 2

y + x

2 + 2

2
x

A(y)

B(x)

x
y

=1

.
y
M(x, y)

y
y

=
=
=
x
x
x

A(y)

B(x)

x
y

92. .
:

( )

= 90) :
(
=

(1)

= 90) :
(
=

(2)

( 1 ), ( 2 ) :
=

(3)

(4)

 (3), (4)

93. .

2 = 2 + 2 2
2 = 2 + 2 2
2 = 2 + 2 2

( )
2 = 2 + 2 2.

= 90) :
(
=

(1)

2 + 2 = 2

(2)

( = 90 )
:
2 = 2 + 2 = 2 + ( )2 =
(2 )

(1)

2 + 2 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 2 =
2 + 2 2
:

2 = 2 + 2 2 2 = 2 + 2 2

1. :
( + )2=
2 - 2= .
: ( + )3 = 3 + 32 + 32 + 3
2. ) ( ).
)
) ( - )3=................................... .
3. ) : ( + )2 =2 + 2 + 2
) : ( + )( )=
( + )3=.
4. ) ;
) :
( - )2 = ..
2 - 2 = ( - )3 =
5. ) ;
) :
( + )2=.. 2 - 2 + 2= (-) (+)=..
) ( - )3 = 3 - 32 + 32 - 3
6. ) ;
) ( + )2=2 + 2 + 2
) :
( + )3=
( - )3 =
( + ) ( - )=.
7. ) ;
) ;
) ; :
( + ) ( - ) = ..
( - )2 = .. ( + )3 = ..
8. ) 2 ;
) x2+x+=0 , 0 ;
) x2+x+=0 , 0 2-4>0;
) x2+x+=0 , 0 2-4=0;
) x2+x+=0 , 0 2-4<0;
9. x2+x+=0 , 0

)
)
)
)
)

;
;
;
; ;
; ;

1. ) () () :
i) 1 1.
ii) 1 1.
iii) .
iv) =0 =0.
) :
2 + 2 = .

.....
.....

1- 2 = ..
1- 2 = ..

2. ) :

(90 - )=.
(90 - )=

(180 - )=
(180 )=..
(180 - )=..

2 + 2=..

..........
..........

) i) .
(,)

ii)

3. ) ;
) ;
) (, , )
) ;

4. (x, y), xOy = xOM = .

) .
) 2 + 2 = 1.
5. ( - ) :
i) .
ii) :
iii) :
6. )
1:
2:
3:
4:

() () :





5:

)
..
:
:
:
:
7. ) ;
1:
2:
3:
) :
1:
..
2:

3:
.

1
= (2 x 1) 2 2 x( x 1) 5
) = 2 x 2 2 x 4
) =0
)

2
()= 3 -(+) 2 +(9-2)+1 .
) (2)=35 (-1)=-1 .
) =-6 =-5, () 2+1
.
) ()=-5 =-6 =-5.
) =-6 =-5, ()=()+5 >3
()<0.
(-: ) k=-6, =-5, B) ()=(2+1)(-32+7+6)-5, ) =-1/2, =3, =-2/3, )
()=(2+1)(-3)(-3-2), >3 >-1/2, 3 )

3
( )

1 2
2 5

2
.
2 3 5 6

) ().
) ( )

2
.
3

) > 3 () < 0.
) ( )

2
.
2 3

: (x)=2x(3x-1)-(x-1).(1+x)-3x2-1 B(x)=(3x-2)2-(2x-1).(4x-3)
. (x)=2x2-2x (x)=x2-2x+1.
. (x) B(x).
. x (x)=
(x).

(x-1)2-(x-1)(x+1)-8(x-1)2=0

(x)

B(x)

 6
x 2y x

3
2

y 2x y

2
4

1
:

7
E

x 2 5x 6
2x
,B 2
2x 4
x 9

)
)
) =0
) .=.

) ;
ii) ( 2) 2 ( 1) 2 2 3. R
ii) 1002 2 10012 2000 3.

9
E = x 3 1 2( x 2 1)
) =-2
)
)

10
E

A
3
x 1

2 x
2x 2
,B
x 1
x2

)
) = 3

) -1 , + , . , :B

11

i. 2 + 32
ii. 43 8
iii. 102 10002
iv. 52 + 10
v. ( - 3) + 2(3 - )

12
:

vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.

x 4 y 1 xy 2 2 y x .
2

+ + + +
+
252 4
( + )2 1
2 ( +2)2

13

, .=1

14

:
i)
ii)

3x

x
5

2x 6 2x

1
4

x 2 x 1
2

12

x2

iii) (x+1) +2(x+5) =3x(x+3)-1 ,

iv) 7x2+10=(5x-2)(3x+7)-(2x+11)(4x-1) ,
v) (x-2)(x+3)(3x-9)=0 .

15

a2 a 1
a
1

4
a 1
a a
2012
16
:
3x
=6
2 5
2 3

=2
4
6
17

) :
=3+42+4, =24, =22
)

1 2 1
= .
A B

18
:

4
x+1
x+2
=
x +2x-3
2-2x
x+3
2

19

) 7

40

) 11 2 30

30

 20

9 2 12 4
4 10 2 25
1
4
2
4 4
2

4 2 4 1

6 63 9
22 8 16
42 28 492
46 43 1

2 2

16 10 25
2 2 1

25 15 9
2
25 x 20 4

21

1
1
1
1
2 2 2 3 2 3

22

i)

1
17
3
ii)
iii)
3 2 1 3 2
2 1

23

6 2 23
3

2 2 1 2 1 4 2 1 4
2

2 1

2 2 1 2 2 5 2 1
2

2 2 3 2 0

4
2

2 1

1 1 22 2
2

2 2 2 2 92 4 2
2

2 2

2
2
2
5 2
5 2

20

x 1 3 x 2x 2 x 3 13
3

x 2 3 x 2x 2 x 2 x 9
3

2 2
2

31

 24
x

1
3
x
x2

1
7
x2

2
3
4
) 3x 2x 4x
x
x
x
2

25

6 6
3 2 6 3
2 2 2
2 2

1 2 3 5
1 2 3

2

2 2 3
2 1

3 22
3
2 3 2
2 4 4

2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2

2 5 4
2 6 8

3 22 2
3 2 3 3

26

3 6

3
2
2

7 10 25

3 15
2 49
2

2 3 2 2

9 2 4 2

1 4 4 2 2 1
:

2 4
2

1 42 6

82 12 1 2

102 5
25
:

2
1 4 4 2 8 2
3 6
1
1

2 2 1

:
3 3

2 42 2 2
:

2 4 42

27
+=3 =2,

1 1
)

2 2
)

32

 28

29

6 ,
12

30

N
12
1 1

7
1 2

3
2 1
2
2
1

1
1

1
3 2

2 2

1 1

1 1

31
2
2 1 Q(x)=3x-2 ,
. P(x).Q(x)

.P x . Qx 3x x 1

32

. Px 1 . Qx x

1 2 3 1 5 2 3
23 2 1 2 13 1
3 2 13 1 3 2 1

33

2
2x x 3

2-3 ,

34
, , : 2 = 2 + 2.
:

2 2 2 2

35
:
= 1 43 31 15 100

18

4
3

12

9 1,5
33

 -T
1
) x 2 kx 8 R =-4
)
)
) 8m2 .
H 2m .

2
: =
. = -

3
5

. =

4
3

4
, :
5
-120 3
=
+135 70

(=) .
, ;:
. .
.

4
=300.
B

=300.
=15cm, =5cm

) .
)

=
=
.

15cm

5cm

//, =3, =, =+1

=4.
.

, =x, =4 cm, =5 cm,
=9 cm, =x+9 cm =y+13 cm.
)
.
) x y.

34

(=) =50. .

: i) ,
ii) .

z xOy
. = =.

10

. = .

11

. ) )
.

12

. =.

13

(,) .
2=.

14

, , , , .
.

15

. , , , ,
.

16

.
=//

1
.
2

17
:
2

35

 18
=10 cm , =10 3 cm 30 .
.
19
:

20
:

a 2 2 2 .

a 3 2 3 2 2 9 .

21

x
2
5 4 x 2 3 x .
x 2

22

90 x 180 ,
5
) x x .
2
2
) x x x

23

x 1

x ,
2
x

) :

2001

.
x 2001 .x 2001

24

3
,

4
2
) .

25
= 900 =

3
= 9.
5

36

 26
:
1
1
2
3 2
)

)

1 1 2

1
1
1

) +

2

1

1 2 2 2

27

300. 120
400.
.

28
:

(180 ) (90 ) (180 )

(180 )

( ).

29
: =
= ( + )2 + ( )2,

2 2
4 4
,

=
2

= 2(1 + 2)

30

:
=120150135 , =120150135 , =120150135
=150135120 , =135120150 ,
=12013515045+4513545

37

10

20

30

38

 40

50

60

39

 70

80

90

40

 100

110

120

41

 130

140

150

42

 160

170

180

43

 190

10

20

30

40

44

 50

60

70

80

90

45

 100

110

120

130

46

 150

160

170

180

190

200

210

47

 220

230

240

250

270

280

48

 290

300

310

310

320

330

49

 340

-
350

360

370

50

 380

390

400

410

51

 420

430

440

450

52

 460

470

480

490

53

 500

510

520

530

540

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560

570

580

590

55

 600

56

5
10

-
:
1.
.

2. (+ )3 = 3+32 +32+3.

: 1. =

4
900<<1800 , .
5

2. :
2x + 3 = - 5
5x + = 7

3 . :

2x2 - 14x + 20 = 0

.
.

57

20

-.

1. .

2.

1. ;
) x=9
) 3x-3=2+4
x-2=5
3x-=11

2. ;
i) ( 3 +...)2 = ...+....+ 92

ii) (...- 4x)2 = 252 -....+.

3. (=900)
. , .

.
.

30

10
) ;
) : ( + )( ) = 2 2 .
) :

.
58

.
.
.
.

(+)2=
()3=
()2=
(+)3=

1.
2.
3.
4.

3+32+32+3
2 + 2 + 2
3
-32+32- 3
2 2 + 2

20
) (2) .
)
() , (), .
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
(4) .
(5) , .

10
()= ( 2 + 1 )2 - 3( + 1 ) 7
) () = 2 + 6
) () = 0
) () = 2 + 6 .
20
2(3 1) (4 11) 5

: 2 1
3 2
3 6

6 4 14
(1) :
2 3 4
(2) .

30
3
= , :
5
.
.
1
1
. = 3
4
3

59

60