CS C Gym Notes 20130723 PDF

:
:
()

()
()

2013
:

ISBN: 978-9963-0-4685-0
50%,
. .

.
, .
. ,
,

.
, , ,
,
.
,
,
.
.
, ,
,
,
,
.
, ,

. ,
.

,
, /

.
,

:
,
.
,
/ /
.

......................................................................................................................... 11
ENOTHTA 2
2.1
/ ...... 13
........................ 15
1.
.................................................................................................................. 15
2.
, .................................................... 15
3.
.................................................................................. 16
4.
........................................................................................................ 16
5.
/ ................ 17
6.
......................................................................... 18
7.
( ) ................................................... 21
8.
............................................................................................................. 23
................................................................................................................ 24
2.2
To ..................................... 27
1.
.................................................................................................................. 27
2.
........................................................................................... 27
3.
............................................. 28
4.
................................................................................................................ 29
5.
.......................................................................................... 29
................................................................................................................ 30
2.3

................................................................................................... 31
1.
.................................................................... 31
2.
.............................................................. 34
3.
............................................................... 38
................................................................................................................ 42
2.4
...... 45
1.
.................................................................................................................. 45
2.
............................................................... 45
3.
...................................... 46
4.
.......................................................................................................... 47
5.
................................... 47
................................................................................................................ 54
ENOTHTA 6
6.1
1.

........................................................................ 55
...................................................... 57
(Database) ...................................................................................... 57

2.
() .................................................. 57
3.
....................................... 58
4.
........................................... 59
5.
.......................................................... 59
................................................................................................................ 60
6.2

.............................................................................. 61
1.
............................................ 61
2.
(Relationships) ............................................................ 62
3.
(Objects) ............................................................ 64
4.
................................................................................... 64
5.
() ........................................................... 65
................................................................................................................ 66
6.3
.
,
........................................................................................ 67
1.
(Microsoft Access) ........................................................ 67
2.
.............................................................. 67
3.
(Blank database) ........................................... 67
4.
(Save) ......................................................................... 68
5.
(Table) .......................................................................................................... 69
6.
(Table Design) ...................... 69
7.
(Table) ................... 70
8.
......................................................................................... 71
9.
(Data Type) .................................................................................... 71
10. (Field Properties) ............................................................................. 72

11. (Views) ...................................................................................... 73
12. (Open)............................................................................... 75
13. (Close Database) ............................................................... 75
14. (Exit) ............................................................ 75
......................................................................................................................... 76
6.4
.................................... 77
1.
................................................................................................. 77
2.
(Delete Table) ................................................................................. 79
3.
(Primary Key) ................................................................................... 80
4.
.......................................................................... 81
......................................................................................................................... 82
6.5
1.
, .............. 85
, ,
....................................................................................................................... 85
......................................................................................................................... 87
6.6
....................................... 89
1.
(Form) ......................................................................... 89
2.
(Form) .................................... 89
3.
(Form Wizard) .......................... 90
4.
,
................................................................................................ 90
5.
(Delete Record) ..................................................... 90
6.
(Views) ...................................................................................... 91
........................................................................................................................ 93
6.7
1.
...... 95
............................................................................................... 95
....................................................................................................................... 100
6.8
................................... 101
1.
(Find)........................................ 101
2.
(Filter) ............................................ 102
3.
(Clear Filter) ................................................................................ 102
4.
(Selection Filter)......................................................................... 103
....................................................................................................................... 107
6.9
..................................... 109
1.
(Queries) ................................................................................................ 109
2.
(Query Wizard) .......... 110
3.
(Query Design) ............. 110
4.
......................................................................................... 111
5.
(Delete Query) ....................................................................... 112
6.
............................................ 112
7.
(Criteria) ................................................................................. 113
....................................................................................................................... 115
6.10
, ........................ 117
1.
(Reports) .................................................................................................... 117
2.
(Report) ............................... 117
3.
(Report Wizard) .................... 118
4.
(Views).................................................................................... 118
5.
.............................................................................................. 120
6.
(Delete Report) ............................................................................ 120
7.
(Print Report) ............................................................................. 121
....................................................................................................................... 122
6.11
................................................................... 125
1.
(Sort) ................................................................................... 125
2.
(Sort) , , ........................................ 125
3.
, , (Remove Sort) ......... 126

....................................................................................................................... 127
6.12
.............................................................................. 129
1.
................................................................................................................. 129
2.
........................ 130
3.
............................. 130
4.
(Relationships) ........................................................................ 131
.............................................................................................................. 134
6.13
................ 135
1.
................................................................................................................. 135
2.
-- (One-To-Many, 1-) ........... 135
3.
(Delete Relationship) ....................................... 137
4.
....................................... 137
....................................................................................................................... 138
6.14
........... 139
1.
(Queries in Related Tables) .................. 139
2.
(Query Wizard) .......... 139
3.
(Query Design) ............. 140
....................................................................................................................... 141
ENOTHTA 7
7.1
,
................................................143
.......................................................... 145
1.
/
............................................................................... 145
2.
................................................................................................... 148
3.
.......................................................................... 149
4.
....................................................... 151
5.
............................................................................................ 151
.............................................................................................................. 153
7.2
......................... 155
1.
................................................................................................. 155
2.
, , (), ................................................... 157
3.
.......................................................................................... 157
4.
................................. 158
.............................................................................................................. 160
7.3
.................................................. 161
1.
................................................................................................... 161
2.
.......................................................................................... 161
3.
............................................................................................ 162
4.
(1) ................................................................... 162
5.
(1) ............................................ 163

6.
1 .................................................... 165
7.
................................................... 166
............................................................................................................... 168
7.4
................................................... 169
1.
.......................................................................... 169
2.
....................................................................................................... 177
3.
...................................... 183
4.
................................................................................ 185
............................................................................................................... 190
7.5
............................................................. 191
1.
................................................................................................................. 191
2.
...................................................................................................... 191
3.
....................................................................................... 192
4.
................................................................................. 194
............................................................................................................... 195
7.6
Pascal................................................ 197
1.
................................................................................................................. 197
2.
Pame ........................................................................................... 197
3.
........................................................................................... 197
4.
Pame ...................................................................... 198
5.
...................................................................................................... 198
6.
(Debugging) ................................................................................... 201
7.
( Compile) .......................................................................................... 201
8.
( Run) ....................................................................................................... 201
9.
(Save, Save as) ..................................................................................... 202
10. (open) ............................................................................................ 202

11. ifthenelse ............................................................................................. 203
12. ...................................................... 203
............................................................................................................... 207
....................................................................................................................... 208

2009

,
.
,

,
21 .

( ),

, , ,
, , .
.
.
, ,

:

/

, .
/
,

, .
,
/ .
,
/,
.

.
, /
, ,
,
.
11
ENOTHTA 2

/ /

:

()

()

13
2.1
:
( / / /
, ).
, /
.
1.
(
, ),

, 1

.

,
.
/ ,
, ,
.
. ,
, ,
, (.. )
. /
(hardware), ,
(software).
2. ,
,
, .

.
/

.
, .
,
, 0 ( ) ,
1 ( ), ,
(binary digit, bit). ,
15
.2.1
.2 /
bit ,
, byte 8 bit , .. 10010101. byte
256 . ,
0 255 (
byte, 4).
()
,
bit. bit,
,
.
()
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange).

Byte:
() KB 1 KiloByte =
= 1024 Byte 1.000 Byte
() MB 1 MegaByte =
= 1024 KB 1000 KB= 1.000.000 Byte
() GB 1 GigaByte =
= 1024 MB 1000 MB = 1.000.000.000 Byte
() TB 1 TeraByte =
= 1024 GB 1000 GB = 1.000.000.000.000 Byte
() PB 1 PetaByte =
= 1024 TB 1000 GB = 1.000.000.000.000.000 Byte
3.

(Motherboard) ,
/.
,
.
(ports)

.
.

.
(Read Only Memory, ROM) .
(Power Supply),
()
/.
, ,
.
4.
(Ports)

16
.2 /
.2.1
.
:

USB
(Universal Serial
Bus)

(, , ,
,
, , , ..).
VGA
LAN/Ethernet
HDMI

High Definition.
, .
o (Audio Out)
o
(line in)
o (Mic)

, PS2 ( ),
(Serial port), (Parallel LPT port)
(Game port). USB,
.
5. /
, (Central
Processing Unit, CPU)

.
(microprocessor).

,

,
, ,

( 2):
2
(Arithmetic and Logic Unit, ALU),

.
17
.2.1
.2 /
(Control Unit),
, .
.
,

.
(Registers), ,
, ..
.

(Clock),.
. MHz ( )
GHz ( ).

. ,
.
, (.. x86, ARM, MIPS)
(. 2.2 GHz)
, W (.. 28 W).
6.

.
, , , , , ..

,
. , , , ,
, ..
. ,
( ),
, ,
.
:
18

(.. USB, PS2, VGA, HDMI).
.
bit , bits per second (bps) ,
kbps, Mbps, ..
1kbps 1000 bit ,
Byte, 1 kB 1024 Byte!

.
.2 /
.2.1
(dots per inch, dpi), (.. 600 dpi).

()
(.. 12801024).
(.. 14 Megapixels).

(pages per minute, ppm)
.
,
(characters per second, cps)
(.. 70 cps).
.
(.. 4).
(.. 22).
,
(.. 16:9).

() .
bit 8 16 bit .
bit ( 24 48 bit).
/, .. 16777216).
/ (frame rate)
,
/ Hz frames per
second, fps (75 Hz, 16 fps).

/ .
(milliseconds, ms), 5 ms.
( )
ANSI Lumens (.. 1400).
.

(.. 0.05).
,
.
(Keyboard)
(USB, PS2)
(.. 10)
(Mouse)
(USB, PS2)
(.. 5)
(Camera)
(.. USB)
(. 5 Megapixels)
(.. 24 bit)
/ (.. 16 fps)
(.. 60)
19
.2.1
.2 /
(Microphone)
(Scanner)
(Monitor)
(Video
Projector)
(Printer)
20

(.. 20)

(flatbed scanner),
(document scanners)
(feeder).
(.. USB)
(.. 1200 dpi)
(.. 8 ppm)
(.. 4)
(.. 24 bit)
(.. 80)
(VGA, DVI, HDMI)
(.. 12801024)
(.. 22)
(.. 16:9)
(.. 24 bit)
/ (.. 160 Hz)
(.. 3 ms)
(.. 1400 ANSI Lumens)
(.. 120)
(VGA, DVI, HDMI)
(.. 12801024)
(.. 16:9)
(.. 24 bit)
/ (.. 160 Hz)
(.. 5 ms)
(.. 2800 ANSI Lumens)
(.. 300)

(dot matrix
) (ink jet
)
(laser
,
toner )
(.. USB)
(.. 600 dpi)
(.. 24 ppm 70 cps)
(.. 4)
(.. 24 bit)
(.. 200)
(.. 0.05/)
.2 /
.2.1
(Plotter)
(.. USB)
(.. 1)
(.. 500)
(Speakers)
(.. 30)
(Headphones)
(.. 15)
.
, ,
. ,
,
, .
,
, (..
).
7. ( )
,
,
,
.

, ()
. ()
,
.
.
(Random Access Memory, RAM)

(Read Only Memory, RM),
.
RAM ROM
.
.
RAM ( ),
, ,
. Double
Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (DDR SDRAM DDR)
(.. DDR3). MB GB
(ns).
, MB/s (Megabyte
), .. 6400 MB/s.
10 50.
21
.2.1
.2 /
ROM .
/ (Basic Input/Output System, BIOS),
.
ROM ,
.
,
, .

, .
( ), , (USB, SD, ..),
(CD, CD-R/RW, DVD, DVD-R/RW),
.
,
,
( ). ( , )
,
(tracks) (sectors) . (CD-R, CDRW, DVD-R, DVD-RW, ..) (track)
,
.
. (USB flash Drive, SD, Memory Stick)
, ROM RAM
.
:
: byte . (.. 1.44

MB, 700 MB, 4.7 GB, 500 GB, 1 TB).
:
. bit (bits per second,
b/s) byte (bytes per second, B/s) (.. 50 kB/s, 1 Gb/s, 150
MB/s). (
) (revolutions per minute, rpm, .. 7200 rpm),
(

, .. 12 ms).
, 150 KB/s CD 1,32 MB/s
DVD (.. CD 52x 7,8 MB/s, DVD 16x 21 MB/s).
/:
/ ( ).
: (, , , )
(.. USB, IDE, SATA, SCSI, SAS).
: ( MB
).
22
MB
(Floppy
Disk)
1,44 MB
50 B/s
300
(Hard Disk)
160GB4TB
150 MB/s
(Hard Disk)
160GB4TB
60 MB/s
.2.1
.2 /
CD-ROM
CD-R
700 MB
7,8 MB/s
CD-RW
DVD-ROM
DVD-R
4,7 GB
21 MB/s
DVD-RW
Blue Ray
Disc
USB Flash
Drive
SD
25 GB
50 GB
100 GB
128 GB
72 MB/s
2-128 GB
100 MB/s500 MB/s
0,08
0,10
0,70
1,40
0,14
0,28
0,12
1,5
1,5
8.
.
( )
. ,
( /)

() (.
& , ) .

,

.
23
.2.1
.2 /
,

, ()
.
(1)
, (2) ,
(3) (4) .
(Programme):
(),
.
(bit), Byte (B)

8 bit , KB,
MB, GB, TB, PB ( 1024
).
/:
/,
/.

(Motherboard) :
,
/.

,
(Central Processing
Unit, CPU):

,
.
, .
( MHz
GHz) Watt
(W). (microprocessor).
(..
,
,
,
, ) (.. ,
, ).
, (.. USB, PS2, VGA,
HDMI), (.. 1200 kbps,
12 Mbps, (.. 600 dpi, 12801024, 14 Megapixels),
(.. 12 ppm, 70 cps),
(..
4,
22),
(.. 16:9), ,
/ (frame rate) (.. 75 Hz, 16 fps),
.
24
.2 /
.2.1
,
(Random Access
Memory, RAM),

, (Read Only
Memory, ROM)

/ (Basic
Input/Output System, BIOS),
.
,
.
(
), , (USB, SD, ..),
(CD, CD-R/RW, DVD, DVD-R/RW),

.
(.. 700 MB, 4.7 GB, 500 GB, 1 TB),
(.. 50 kB/s, 1 Gb/s, 150 MB/s, CD 52x, DVD
16x), (.. 7200 rpm),
/, ,
(.. USB, IDE, SATA) .
25
2.2
To
:
.
(
/ )
/ .
/ /
.
/ ,
.
1.
,
(, ),
, ,
,
. ,
.
( ) ( )
. (
).
, ,
( )
,
.
, ,

.
,
: .
,
( 3
3).
2.
(Application Software)
( 3),
.. , ,
.
.

,
.

, , Internet Explorer (
27
.2.2
.2 /
Microsoft), Chrome ( Google), Firefox (

Mozilla Foundation), Opera ( Opera Software), Safari (
Apple).
, ,
Word ( Microsoft,
) Writer ( The Document Foundation,
).
3.
(System Software)

,
( 3).

. :
(Windows, Linux, Mac OS, ..)
(device drivers),

,
(..
)
(Operating System)
( 3). ,
,
(, ) ,

(
).

(

),

(
( )

(driver)
(driver)
(driver)
(driver)

).
,
, 3

28
.2 /
.2.2
),
( ,

), (
)
(
, .. ).
4.
(User),
( 3).
, ,
/.
,

.
5.
, 3,

, ,
.
.
( )

.
(, , , )
,
.

. ,
,
(.. Intel Core 2 Quad, ARM 9, , , , ..).
, , (.. Windows 7, Windows 8, Android,
iOS, Mac OS X, Linux, ..) (
). Apple (..
Apple iPad 2), iOS.
Windows 7,
, Windows 7 (
x86, Intel
Core 2 Quad). , Apple
iPad 2 AutoCAD ( ),
Windows, iOS
Windows. , (.. )
, (Apple iPad 2)
,
29
.2.2
.2 /
(
).

(System
Software):
()

,
.
. , ,
(device drivers), /

.
(Operating
System):
.
( ,
, ,
, . ,
,

.
(Application
Software):
()

.
(User):
,
, ,
/.
.

,
.

, ,
.

.
( )
,
.
1. ., ., ., ., (2003) , . 6169,
.
30
2.3
:

.
/
.

.
/
.

.
/
.
,
. ,
,
. ,
,
,
.
1.
1.1
(,
)

.

,

, , .

:

.

, , , ,
.
,
.

.

( ) ( ).
31
.2.3-5
.2 /
.

.

.
1.2
H
, ,
.
,

,
.

UPS
(Uninterruptible Power Supply / ).
UPS : (1)
,

(2)
, ,
(50 Hz - 60 Hz).
UPS ,
, .
,
. UPS

. UPS
IEC, .
UPS
,
.
1.3
Uninterruptable
Power Supply
(UPS)
IEC

,

. ,
.
,
,
32
.2 /
.2.3-5
(..
).
,
.
,
,
(backup file) m
, ,
m. ,
chkdsk (chkdsk.exe),
( ). chkdsk

.
1.4
,
,

. ,
.
,
4 GB RAM,
(1)
, (2)
(3)
. ,

,
.
,

,
.

,
, ,
( ), , ,
,
/ (modem).

,

RAM
33
.2.3-5
.2 /
1.5

, . ,

.
(Serial Number) . ,
/ .
.
,
, .
,
,
.

,
.
.

,
.
2.
2.1
,
. , ,

. ,
,
. ,
.
, ,

.

. ,
USB

. ,

34
10
.2 /
.2.3-5
,
, .

Dropbox
Google Drive.

.
2.2

. ,

: (Viruses),
(Trojan Horses) (Worms).

11
,
( ,
,
).
,
,

.
.

,
(..
).

:
,
.

(antivirus) .
, , ,
: (1) , (2)
(3) .

.

(firewall)
,

12
.
.
35
.2.3-5
.2 /

. ,

.

.
2.3
,
. ,

. ,
,
.
,
,
. ,

,
.
,

.
, Windows

. ,

:
1.
Start .
2.
Control Panel.
3.
Programs and Features

Run programs made for
previous versions of Windows.
13

Skype,

14
Program Compatibility
4.
Next
Program Compatibility.
5.
,

.
36
.2 /
2.4
.2.3-5
,
,
. ,

, .

:

.

.

(drivers)
.
.
2.5
,
, .

,
.

(Restore this item)
(Recycle Bin) .

, 15

(Undelete)
.
, ,
,
.
,
.
, . ,

. , ,
, , ,
. ,
.
, ,
,
37
.2.3-5
.2 /

(overwrite) . ,
,
Microsoft Word,

(Manage Versions). ,

(Restore Point)
(Disk Images) .
3.
3.1
16 MS-Word,
,
, .
.
,

. ,
.
(RSI - Repetitive Strain Injury):

.
.
: ,
, ,
.
.
:

.

,
.
17
/: .
,
(,
, )
.
:

.

',
.
38
18
.2 /
.2.3-5

, , ,
.
(Toasted Skin
Syndrome):
,
.

52
. 19

,
, ,
, .
,
,
.

. ,
,

.
1. , (
).
,
.
2.

45 .

.
50 .
,
.
,

.
20
3. ( )
. ,
,
.
39
.2.3-5
.2 /
4. .

.
5. ,
. ,

.
6. 90-120 .

.
7. ( ) .
8.

.
9.
.
10.

.
.
, ,

. ,
. ,

. ,
10
.
3.2
, ,
.
,
,
.
,
, ,

.

.
40
.2 /
3.3
.2.3-5
,
,

.
,
(Internet Use Gaming Disorder),
(Internet Addiction Disorder - IAD),
(Pathological Internet Use)
(Problematic Internet Use).
,
, ,
.
, , ,
,
,
, , ,
, , ,
.
,
,

,
,
.
3.4

.
.
,

,
,
. , ,

.

:

. 6 8
,
41
.2.3-5
.2 /
.
, / / ,
.

.
.
.
.

.

,

. ,
www.cyberethics.info 22674747 (
Hotline), / .
(,
).

.
UPS
(Uninterruptable
Power
Supply/
):

,
,

. , ,
(50 Hz - 60 Hz).

:

.
42

,
.
.2 /
.2.3-5
(RSI - Repetitive Strain Injury).

, ,
.
(Toasted Skin Syndrome).

,

.
,

.
()

() .
1. ., ., ., ., (2006) ', ', '

, . 109-112, .
2. . (n.d.). . 12,
2013 , http://www.pi.ac.cy/InternetSafety/parent.html.
3. ., ., ., ., (2003) , . 38-39,
.
4. . Vstore.gr. 1, 2013 ,
http://support.vstore.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id= 14:2012-01-04-14-1449&catid=1:2011-12-15-12-23-02.
5. ., ., ., ., . (1999)
, , , . 39-42, .
6. , ., (2008). ECDL 4 . . 83-91, .
7. . (n.d.). Olympia.gr. 1,
2013 , http://olympia.gr/2010/10/11/.
8. . (n.d.). Google.
1, 2013 , http://www.google.com.cy/intl/el/goodtoknow/.
9. Internet & Computer Addiction. (n.d.). Helpguide.org. 1, 2013 ,
http://www.helpguide.org/mental/internet_cybersex_addiction.htm.
43
.2.3-5
.2 /
10.
Microsoft. (n.d.). Microsoft. 1, 2013 ,
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/824684/el.
11. .
(n.d.).

.
1,
2013
,
http://www.dpa.gr
/portal/page?_pageid=33,15048&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL
12. ; (n.d.). PhysioAid. 1, 2013 ,
http://www.physio-aid.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id =87:2009-09-30-0746-14&catid=4:2009-05-10-09-25-22&lang=en
13. . & .
1, 2013 , http://dide.ilei.sch.gr/keplinet/tech/ups.php.
14. UPS. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. 1, 2013 , http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPS.
15. , USB; (n.d.). Tictac Laboratories.
1, 2013 , http://www.tictac.gr/.
44
2.4
:
( ,
RAM, , ,
/ ) .
( )
.
1.
(
) . ,
( )
. , ,

,
.
,
. , ,
.
, .

, ,
,
.
2.
.
/
, ,
, / /.

,
,
(.. ) ,
.
,
(plotter) .

( ),
/
,
.
(
). ,
45
.2.6-7
.2 /
,
.
, 200
1.000 200.000.
800 , , 160.000,
40.000.
, ,
,
,
.
3.
,
.

. , ,

Microsoft PowerPoint ( )
LibreOffice Impress,
.
, (..
),
.
() (requirements)
.
(minimum requirements),
( ).

.
:
46
Windows 7 :
x86 1 GHz, RAM
1 GB, 16 GB.
AutoCAD 2013
:
Microsoft
Windows
XP
,
x86 1,6 GHz, RAM
2 GB ( 4 GB, 2 GB
), 6 GB,
1024 x 768 ( 1600 x 1050, 1024 x 768
).
SimCity :
Microsoft Windows XP , x86
2 GHz, RAM 2 GB,
.2 /
.2.6-7
10 GB,
512 MB RAM 256 kbps.
4.
,
. ,
.
()
, ,
( )
, .
,
,
.
34 .
5.

( ).
5.1
,
. , ,
,
.
.
, :
; ;
( ) ; (
).
;
( ).
( )
; ;
;
; (
, ).
/ /,
, , ;
;
;
; (.. CD,
, ..)
;
,
/ ; (
47
.2.6-7
.2 /
, ..
, , ..)
5.2

. ,

( ).
,
, .

(.. Mozilla Firefox, Skype)
.

( ,
RAM , ..).
5.3

( , , , , ,
..).
( )
.
,
.
( )
.
. ,
:
: CPU 2.20 GHz, RAM 4 GB, HDD 500 GB, CD/DVD, 17, 600
: CPU 2.53 GHz, RAM 8 GB, HDD 250 GB, CD/DVD, 15, 650
RAM
. ,
,

.

( ) ,
:
48

.

( 100).
.2 /
.2.6-7

, 0 () 1
() .

.
, , () .
.
,
.
5.4

. ,
.
17
. ,

( 30 , 2 GB)
,
Skype ( ).
,
Windows. 1000 .
:
. .
: 2 GB 30
4 , 240 GB (
).
: , ,
, Skype.
: Windows.
17.
: , , , .
: .
:
:
: Windows (.. Windows 7,

x86 1 GHz, RAM
1 GB, 16 GB).
/ : Microsoft Office 2010 Home &
Student Edition, 119 LibreOffice v.4, 0 (
1 GB).
: Adobe CC Windows, 1200 (
1024x768, 2GB, )
Inkscape Gimp, 0 ( ).
49
.2.6-7
.2 /
Skype ( , ,
).
: Microsoft Security Essentials ( Windows).
.
LibreOffice v.4 , Inkscape Gimp,
Adobe CC .
:

, x86, 1 GHz,
RAM 2 GB, 259
GB, 1024x768, , (
).
/
( CD/DVD, ,
, , Windows 7:
1: CPU 2,00 GHz, RAM 4 GB, HDD 500 GB, 17 1024x768, 480
2 , .
1
.
.
, RAM,
. ,

, 30, 30, 10 30 (
)
:
RAM
RAM
500
786432
480 0,79 0,50
0,67
0,55
61,77
0,13
2,2
500
960000
650 0,87 0,75
0,67
0,67
75,25
0,12
4 2,53
750
1440000 800 1,00 1,00
1,00
1,00
100,00
0,13
15
2,53
750
20
35
30
100
1440000
, 61, 100. ,
.
,
50
.2 /
.2.6-7
(
).
, 4
.
2:
, ,
.
( )

, (
,
20 ).
(
Linux) ,
3 .
250 MB 250 .

20,
.

()
( Microsoft Word
). ,
.

.
:
,
, .
:
.
: , ,
.
: Windows.
20.
: .
: .
.
: 250 MB 365
3 , 273750 MB,
268
GB
(
).
: .
: Linux.
51
.2.6-7
.2 /
20 ppm.
: .
: (UPS), DVD Drive
.
:
:
:
: Windows (.. Windows 7 Professional,

x86 1 GHz, RAM
1 GB, 16 GB,
150).
/ : Microsoft Office (Word,
Outlook) 2010 Home & Student Edition, 119 (
1 GB).
: Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Chrome Safari (
).
: Kaspersky Pure 3.0 (75).
: Linux (.. Ubuntu Server 14LTS,

x86 1 GHz, RAM
512 MB, 5 GB).
( ,
).
.
Microsoft
Security Essentials, Kaspersky, .
:

, x86,
1 GHz, RAM 1 GB,
16 GB 20.
, x86,
1 GHz, RAM
512 GB, 273 GB, DVD Drive,
20ppm UPS.
/
( CD/DVD
):
1: CPU 1,60 GHz, RAM 4 GB, HDD 250 GB, 17, 370.
52
.2 /
.2.6-7
5: CPU 2,50 GHz, RAM 8 GB, HDD 1 TB, 20, 690
, 1 4 ,
. ,
2.
, 1, 2 3 ,
. 4,
.
RAM ( ),
:
HY4
2,2
500
500
0,88
0,50
0,50
65,20
0,13
HY5
2,5
1000
690
1,00
1,00
1,00
100,00
0,14
2,5
1000
RAM
RAM
40
40
20
100
5 4,
, .
.
:
1: , , 1200dpi, 20ppm, 0,142 , 80.
2: , , 300dpi, 22ppm, 0,022 , 200.
3: , , 600dpi, 24ppm, 0,024 , 350.
1 , 250
( 273750 3 ), 1
38953, 2 6223 3 6920.
2 .
UPS ( 60
100).
53
.2.6-7
.2 /

(/,
, , ,
,
, ).
.
,

.

.

( 100 ),

.

.
. ,
,
.
1. Windows 7.
http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows7/products/system-requirements
04.07.2013.
2. AutoCAD 2013. 04.07.2013.

http://docs.autodesk.com/ACD/2013/ENU/System%20Requirements/index.html
3.
/
SimCity.
https://help.ea.com/article/simcity-system-requirements
54
04.07.2013.
ENOTHTA 6

/ /

:

()

()

-

()

55
6.1
:
.
(/).
.
(..
, , , ,
, ..).
1. (Database)

.
, .
: , , ,
, ..
:
(.. )
(.. ).
.
2. ()

,
1960.
, .
1970

() - Database Management System (DBMS).

.

(Relational Database),

.
57
.6.1
.6
,
(Relational Database Management System, RDBMS), Microsoft
Access.
3.
(1) :

,
. ,

.
(2) :

.

(.. , , , ,
, ..), (..
).

.
(3) : ()
. ,

.
,
. ,
,

.
(4) :

.
,
, , ,
, ..
(5) ()
:

.
58
.6.
.6.1
.. ,

,
.
4.

,
.
,
,
(..
).
5.
:
).
59
.6.1
.6

(Database):
,

.

() (Database
Management System, DBMS):

(Relational Database):
,

.

(Relational Database
Management System,
RDBMS):
60
6.2
:

(, ).

.
.
.
1.
1.1
(Table)
.
()
.

.
,
,
..

() ().
:
YouthMembers
61
.6.2
1.2
.6
(Record)

.
1.3
(Field)
.

. .
.
, ,
, ,
.
2. (Relationships)
,

.

. , Relationship,
(

).
,
.
62
.6.
.6.2
(,
..)
2.1
: -- (One-To-One, 1-1)

, .
2.2
: -- (One-To-Many, 1-)

, ,
.
--,
(YouthCentre.accdb). :
Activities
.
YouthMembers
.
--. , YouthMembers
Activities,
.
63
.6.2
.6
3. (Objects)
3.1
(Table)
,
.
3.2
(Form)

.

.
.
3.3
(Queries)
,

.
3.4
(Reports)

.
,
.
4.
-
-
64
.6.
.6.2
5. ()
, ,

() - Database Management
System (DBMS).

: MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Microsoft SQL Server,
Microsoft Access, Oracle, SAP, dBASE, FoxPro, IBM DB2 FilemakerPro.
()
:
() :
65
.6.2
.6
(Table):

.
.
() ().
(Record):
(Field):
(Relationships):

.
.
Relationship.

(Objects):
(Tables)
(Forms)
(Queries)
(Reports)

() (Database
Management
System, DBMS):

,

. :
MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQLite, Microsoft SQL Server,
Microsoft Access SAP.
66
6.3

.
,

:

.

.
.
.
1. (Microsoft Access)
, ,

() - Database Management
Systems (DBMS). Microsoft Access.
2.
(1) StartAll ProgramsMicrosoft Office

(Desktop), .
3. (Blank database)
, ,
:
(1) File New (
) Available Templates, Blank

database Create.
67
.6.3-4
.6
CTRL + N .
(2) ,
,
Create.
(3) , Microsoft Access 2010,
.
4. (Save)
(Flash Memory),
USB.
Microsoft Access
Database, .accdb .
(1) File Save Database As
,
(
ALT + F , A ).
FileSave
,
.
FileSave
(2)
(Save as type).
CTRL + S .
(Filename),
(Save
in)
(3) , Save .
68
.6.
.6.3-4
5. (Table)
(
) .

.
, ,
, ..
6. (Table Design)
(1) Create Tables
Table Design.
(2) ,
Field Name
.
(3) Data Type
.
(4) Description -
.
(5) , ,

.
(6) , ,
.
(7) ,
.
69
.6.3-4
.6
7. (Table)
(1) Create Tables
Table.
(2) ,

.
(3) ,
(4) , ENTER

.
(5) , ,
.
(6) ,
70
.6.
.6.3-4
8.

, :
(1) ,
.. (.), (!)
([ ]).
(2) .
9. (Data Type)

.

.
Microsoft Access,
:
Text
Number
Date/Time
Currency
AutoNumber
Yes/No
/ / /
Microsoft Access, ()
:
Memo
OLE Object
OLE -
(, , )
Hyperlink
Attachment
71
.6.3-4
.6
Calculated
Lookup Wizard ( )

:
() Text - 255 ,
.
() Number -
.
() Date/Time -
.
() Currency -
.
() AutoNumber -
.
() Yes/No -
( , ).
() Memo - 65.535 ,
.
() OLE Object -
, .
() Hyperlink - .
() Attachment - .
() Calculated - .
() Lookup Wizard -
.
10. (Field Properties)

,
:
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
.. Microsoft Access :
72
Field Size
Format
( )
Input Mask
.6.
Caption
()
Default Value
()
Validation Rule
Validation Text
Required
( )
Decimal Places
.6.3-4

:
() Field Size -
.
() Format -
.
() Input Mask -
.
() Caption -
.
() Default Value -
.
() Validation Rule -
.
() Validation Text -
.
() Required -
.
() Decimal Places -
.
11. (Views)
11.1 (Design View)

(1) (All Access Objects)
Tables,
,

(Datasheet View).
(2) , Home Views
Design View
.
73
.6.3-4
.6
(All Access Objects)

Tables,
,
Design View
o .
11.2 (Datasheet View)

Tables,
,

(Datasheet View).
Home Views
Datasheet View
.
74
.6.
.6.3-4
12. (Open)
,
, :
(1) File Open.
CTRL + O .
(2) ,
.
13. (Close Database)
(1) File Close Database.

ALT + F , C .
14. (Exit)
(1) File Exit.

ALT + F , X .
75
.6.3-4
.6
(Description)
(Tab)
(Icon)
(Group)

(Dialog Box)
(Keys)

(Blank database)
CTRL + N

(Save)
CTRL + S

(Save
Database As)
ALT
+
F , A

(Table Design)

(Table)
(Design View)

(Datasheet View)

(Open)

(Close Database)

(Exit)
76
CTRL + O
ALT
+
F , C
ALT
+
F , X
6.4
:
.

.
1.
, ,
(Datasheet View).
1.1
- (Field Width)
(1) ()
.
(2) ,

,
.

, .
1.2
- (Row Height)
(1) ()
.
(2) ,

,

.
77
.6.5
1.3
.6
/ (Hide/Unhide Fields)
(1) ()
.
(2) ,
1.4
(Insert Field)
(1) ()
.
(2) ,
.
(3) , () ,
.
1.5
(Delete Field)
(1) ()
.
(2) ,
.
1.6
(Rename Field)
(1) ()
.
(2) ,
.
1.7
(Text Formatting)
(1)
Home
Text Formatting

.
1.8
(Background Color)
(1)
Home
Text Formatting
(2) ,
Background Color
78
.6.
.6.5
, Alternate
Background Color
.
(3) ,
1.9
(Cell Effect)
(1) Home
Text Formatting
(2) ,
Cell Effect
(Raised)
(Sunken)
.
(3) ,
1.10 (Gridlines Shown and Gridline Color)

(1) Home
Text Formatting
(2) ,
Gridlines
Shown
(Horizontal)
(Vertical)
.
(3) , ,
Gridline Color
.
(4) ,
2. (Delete Table)
Tables,
,
.
(2) , Delete
.
79
.6.5
.6
Home Records
Delete.
Delete .
3. (Primary Key)

.
, / ,
.
, , ,
.

.
,
,
..: , ..
,
.

, . ,
,
, , ,
.
, (
, , ) .

,
(AutoNumber) ,
.
:
,
( TelNumber) ,

( ) .
Email .
(Firstname Surname) ,
(
).
80
.6.
.6.5
(YouthMemberID)
AutoNumber .
Microsoft Access
, . Microsoft Access,
,
. ,

, ,
.
4.
(1)
(Datasheet View).
(2) Home Views
Design View .

Design View .
(3) ,
.
(4) Table Tools->Design
Tools Primary Key

.
81
.6.5
.6
(Description)
(Tab)
(Icon)
(Group)

(Dialog Box)

(Field Width)

(Row Height)
(Hide/Unhide
Fields)

(Insert Field)
82
(Keys)
.6.
.6.5

(Delete Field)

(Rename Field)
(Text Formatting)

(Background
Color)

(Cell Effect)

(Gridlines Shown
and Gridline Color)
83
.6.5

(Delete Table)
(Primary Key)
84
.6
Delete
6.5
:
, ().
.
1. , ,

, ,

,
(Datasheet View).
1.1
(New Record)
(1) () .
(2) ,
.
(Navigation Area)
New (blank) record
.
1.2

(1) ,
:
85
.6.6
1.3
.6

(1)
(, ..),
:
1.4
(Delete Record)
(1) .
(2) Home Records
Delete.
(3) ,
.
86
.6.
.6.6
(Description)
(Tab)
(Icon)
(Group)

(Dialog Box)
(Keys)

(New Record)

(Navigation Area)

(First record)
(Previous record)

(Current Record)

(Next record)

(Last record)

(New (blank)
record)
(
)
()
()
TAB
SHIFT
+
TAB

(Delete Record)
87
6.6
:
()
.
,
.
(/, /) .
1. (Form)
,
,
(Forms).
,
(). ,
.

,
.
2. (Form)
(1)
(2) Create Forms
Form
.
(3) , ,
.
89
.6.7
.6
3. (Form Wizard)
(1)
(2) Create Forms
Form Wizard.
(3) ,
Selected Fields:
Selected Fields:
.
(4) ,

(5) ,
.
4. ,

(1)
(Form View).
(2) , :
5. (Delete Record)
(1)
(Form View).
(2) ,
.
(3) Home Records
Delete.
(4) ,
.
90
.6.
.6.7
6. (Views)
6.1
(Design View)
Forms,
,

(Form View).
(2) , Home Views
Design View
.

Forms,
,
Design View
.
6.2
(Form View)
Forms,
,

(Form View).
Home Views
Form View .
91
.6.7
.6
92
.6.
.6.7
(Description)
(Tab)
(Icon)
(Group)

(Dialog Box)
(Keys)

(Form)

(Form Wizard)

(Navigation Area)

(First record)
(Previous record)

(Current Record)

(Next record)

(Last record)

(New (blank)
record)

(Delete Record)
93
.6.7

(
)
()
()
(Design View)
(Form View)
94
.6
TAB
SHIFT
+
TAB
6.7
:
.
1.
,

.
(Label)

(Text Box)
.
,
(Form View).
1.1

1.1.1
(1) Home Views
Design View
.

Design View .
(2) ,
.
(3)
,
,
.
95
.6.8
.6
1.1.2
(1)
.
(2)
,
,
.
1.1.3
(1)
.
(2)
,
,

.
1.2

(1) (
) ( ).
:
(handles).
96
.6.
.6.8
(2) ,
,
.
1.3

(1) (
) .
(2) ,
,
.
1.4

(1) (
)
.
(2)

.
1.5
(Formatting)
(1) (
) .
(2) , Form Design Tools->Format
Font

.
97
.6.8
1.6
.6
(Select All)
(1) Form Design Tools->Format
Selection
CTRL + A .
1.7
(Delete Field)
(1)
.
(:
.)
(2) , Home
Records Delete
.
Delete
.
Delete .
1.8
(Add Existing Fields)

(1) Form Design Tools->Design Tools

(2) ,
1.9
(Label)
(1) Form Design Tools->Design Controls

(2) ,

.
98
.6.
.6.8
1.10 (Insert Image)

(1) Form Design Tools->Design Controls

(2) ,
Insert Picture
,
.
(3) ,
1.11 (Background Image)

(1) Form Design Tools->Format Background

(2) ,
Insert Picture
,
.
(3) ,
1.12 / (Grid)
(1) .
(2) ,
99
.6.8
.6
(Description)
(Tab)
(Icon)
(Group)

(Dialog Box)
(Keys)

(Formatting)
(Select All)
CTRL + A

(Delete Field)
Delete

(Add Existing
Fields)

(Label)

(Insert Image)

(Background
Image)

(Grid)
100
6.8
:
,
.
.
1. (Find)
(Find)
.
(Datasheet View) ,
(Form View) .

.
(1) /
/ (Datasheet View) /
(Form View).
(2) , Home Find
Find.
CTRL + F .
(3) ,
Find What:

.
(4) Look In: Current document
Match: Any Part of Field.
(5) ,
.
(6) ,
(Navigation Area)
(Search)

.
101
.6.10
.6
, ENTER

.
2. (Filter)

(Filter).
(Datasheet View) ,
(Form View) .

.
(1) /
(Form View).
(2) ,

, (..
Town
) .
(3) ,
Home Sort & Filter

Filter
.
(: .)
3. (Clear Filter)
(1) /
(Form View).
(2) ,
.
(3) ,
Home Sort & Filter

Filter

.
: .
102
.6.
.6.10
4. (Selection Filter)
(1) /
(Form View).
(2) ,
.
(3) , Home
Sort & Filter Selection
,
:
(:
TEXT Filters, NUMBER Filters DATE Filters.)
(4)
(TEXT Filters):
Equals - / /
. (..

.)
Does Not Equal - /

/ . (..

.)
Begins With - /
/ . (..

.)
Does Not Begin With -

/ / . (..

.)
Contains - /
/ . (..

.)
103
.6.10
.6
Does Not Contain -

/ / . (..

.)
Ends With - /
/ . (..

.)
Does Not End With -

/ / . (..

.)

(NUMBER Filters):
Equals - / /
. (..
99123456
99123456.)
Does Not Equal - /

/ . (..
99123456

99123456.)
Less Than or Equal To -

/ / . (..
99123456

99123456.)
Greater Than or Equal To -

/ / . (..

99123456
99123456.)
Between -
. (..
99123451 99123456
104
.6.
.6.10

99123451 99123456 .)

(DATE Filters):
Equals - / /
. (.. Birthdate
12/08/1999

12/08/1999.)
Does Not Equal - /

/ . (..
Birthdate 12/08/1999

12/08/1999.)
Begins With - / /
. (.. Birthdate
12 12/08/1999

12.)
Does Not Begin With - /

/ . (..
Birthdate 12
12/08/1999
12.)
Contains - /
/ . (..
Birthdate 08
12/08/1999
08.)
Does Not Contain -

/ / . (..
Birthdate 08
12/08/1999
08.)
105
.6.10
.6
Ends
With
/ . (..
Birthdate 1999
12/08/1999
1999.)
Does Not End With - /

/ . (..
Birthdate 1999
12/08/1999
1999.)
Between -
. (.. Birthdate
12/08/1999 14/08/1999

12/08/1999 14/08/1999
.)
106
.6.
.6.10
(Description)
(Find)
(Tab)
(Icon)
(Group)

(Dialog Box)
(Keys)
CTRL + F

(Filter)

(Clear Filter)

(Selection Filter)
107
6.9
:
().
, , .
, (
: =, <, >, <>, <=, >=, between and ...).
, (
: AND, OR, NOT *, ?).
/,
/ (Ascending/Descending).
1. (Queries)
,
.
.
,
,
.
(Queries).

:
()
, , .
,
. ,
:
(1)
,
,
.
(2)
..
109
.6.11-12
.6
2.
(Query Wizard)
(1)
(2) Create Queries
Query Wizard.
(3) , Simple Query Wizard
.
(4) ,
Selected Fields:
Selected Fields:
.
(5) , ( )

.
(6) ,
.
3. (Query Design)
(1)
(2) Create Queries
Query Design.
(3) , (Show Table)
/ /

/
(Design View) .
(4) ,
.
(5) ,
.
(:

.
( *
.)

,

.)
110
.6.
.6.11-12
(6) ,
.
(: , Delete
.)
(7)
.
(8) , Query Tools->Design
Results Run
Microsoft Access .
(9) , ,
.
4.
Queries,

(Datasheet View).
(2) , Home Views
Design View
.
,
Design View .
(3)
, :
Query Tools->Design
Query Setup
Show Table
.
,
/ / /
/

111
.6.11-12
.6
.
(4) , ,
.
5. (Delete Query)
Queries,
.
(2) , Delete
.
Home Records
Delete.
,
.
, , Delete .
6.
:
(1)
.
,
. ( * .)
112
.6.
.6.11-12
(2)
Field:
Table:
/ / .
Sort:
Show:
Ascending
( ),
Descending
( ),
(not sorted) ( ).
Criteria: ,
,
.
7. (Criteria)
,
:

2012
31/1/1967
Between and
Between 1/1/2013 and 31/12/2013
=35
>
>36
<
<40
<>
<>0
()
>=
>=50
<=
<=46
AND
<50 AND >40
OR
48 OR 52
NOT
NOT
113
.6.11-12
.6
???
[]
[]
[!]
[-]
2#5
114
.6.
.6.11-12
(Description)
(Tab)
(Icon)
(Group)

(Dialog Box)
(Keys)

(Query Wizard)

(Query Design)
(Run)
115
.6.11-12
.6

(Show Table)
(Sort)
(Delete Query)
116
Delete
6.10
:

().
, , ,
.
1. (Reports)
, ,
.

,
.
,
().
.

, .

. ,

.
2. (Report)
(1) /
.
(2) Create Reports
Report
.
(3) , ,
.
117
.6.13
.6
3. (Report Wizard)
(1) /

(2) Create Reports
Report Wizard.
(3) ,
Selected Fields:
Selected Fields:
.
(4) ,

.
(5) , ,
, /

.
(6)
,

.
(7) ,
.
4. (Views)
4.1
(Design View)
Reports,
,

(Report View).
(2) , Home Views
Design View
.
118
.6.
.6.13

Reports,
,
Design View
.
4.2
(Layout View)
Reports,
,

(Report View).
(2) , Home Views
Layout View
.

Reports,
,
Layout View
.
119
.6.13
.6
5.
Reports,

(Report View).
(2) , Home Views
Design View

.
,
Design View

.
(3) , ,
.
6. (Delete Report)
Reports,
.
(2) , Delete
.
Home Records
Delete.
,
.
120
.6.
.6.13
, , Delete .
7. (Print Report)
(1)
(2) File Print
Quick Print

.
Print
,
..

CTRL + P .
Print Preview
.
121
.6.13
.6
(Description)

(Report)

(Report Wizard)
(Design View)

(Layout View)
122
(Tab)
(Icon)
(Group)

(Dialog Box)
(Keys)
.6.
.6.13

(Delete Report)
Delete

(Print Report)
CTRL + P
123
6.11
:
/, / , ,
, .
1. (Sort)

.
, ,
,

. ,
.
,

.
, :
(/Ascending)
(/Descending).
(/Ascending)
(/Descending).
2. (Sort) , ,
(1) :
,

(Datasheet View).
,

(Form View).
,

(Datasheet View).
125
.6.14
.6
,
Layout View
(Layout View).
(2) , .
(3) , Home
Sort & Filter Ascending
Descending
.
,
.
3.
(Remove Sort)
(1)
Home
Sort & Filter Remove Sort
126
.6.
.6.14
(Description)
(Tab)
(Icon)
(Group)

(Dialog Box)
(Keys)
//
/
(Sort Ascending)
//
/
(Sort Descending)
//
/
(Remove Sort)
//
/
(Sort Ascending /
Descending)
127
6.12
:

().
.
1.

. ,
.
(, ),
.
.
:

, ,
,
.
() ,
Relationships.

.
.

.
:
,
( ,
). ,
(
/).
/ / ,
.
,

.
,
.
129
.6.16
.6

, .
2.
,

(
, query).

:
.

.
(, ..),
.

, .
,
, ,

,
.
3.
(Primary Key) ( )
( ,
).

( - Primary Table)
( - Secondary r Related Table),
.
130
.6.
.6.16
4. (Relationships)
:
4.1
-- (One-To-One)
-- (One-To-Many)
-- (Many-To-Many) ( )
-- (One-To-One, 1-1)
( - Primary Table)
(
- Secondary Table), .
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
1
1
----------------------------------------------
MS Access.

.
.
(1) ,
, :
1 ;
= 1

(2) , ,
:
1 ;
= 1

131
.6.16
.6
(3) :
1
--
:

(..

, ,

,
).
4.2
-- (One-To-Many, 1-)
( - Primary Table)
( -
Secondary Table), ,
( - Primary
Table).
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
MS
Access.

, ,
.
132
.6.
.6.16
(1) ,
, :
1 ;
=
, ,
:
1 ;
= 1
1
(2) :
--
:
.
, , .
.
, .

(..

).
:
,

. (YouthMembers)
(Activities). ,
:
Activities
YouthMembers
133
.6.16
.6
,
.
--, :

(Primary Key):

.
,
.
(Relationships):

, .

. Relationship.
(One-To-One, 1-1)
(One-To-Many, 1-)

(One-To-One)
(1-1):

, .

(One-To-Many)
(1-):

,
,
.
134
6.13
:
.
.
1.
.

Microsoft Access.
(Relationships)

. ,
.
, ,
,

.
2. -- (One-To-Many, 1)

:
(1)
.
(2) Database Tools Relationships
Relationships
.
,
.
(3) ,
/ / / /

/
.
(4) ,
.
(5) , (ActivityCode)
(Activities) ,
135
.6.17
.6
(ActivityCode) (YouthMembers)
.
(6) ,
:
Enforce Referential Integrity ( )

.
Cascade Update Related Fields (

) -

.
Cascade Delete Related Records (

) -
,
.
(7) ,
(8) , Relationship Tools->Design

Relationships Close

, .
136
.6.
.6.17
3. (Delete Relationship)

:
(1) Database Tools Relationships
Relationships
.
(2) ,
.
(3) ,
Delete,
4.

, .
,
:
(+)
. , ,
Activities
. ,
YouthMembers Activities.
(1) (Activities)
(Datasheet View).
(2) ,
137
.6.17
.6
(Description)
(Tab)
(Icon)
(Group)

(Dialog Box)

(One-To-Many,
1-)

(Delete
Relationship)

(Edit Relationship)
138
(Keys)
6.14
:
.
1. (Queries in Related Tables)

.
,

,
.

: ,

.
2.
(Query Wizard)
(1) .
(2) Create Queries
Query Wizard.
(3) , Simple Query Wizard
.
(4) ,
Selected Fields:
Selected Fields:
.
(5) , ( )

.
(6) ,
.
139
.6.18
.6
3. (Query Design)
(1) .
(2) Create Queries
Query Design.
(3) , (Show Table)
/ /

(Design View) .
(4) ,
.
(5) ,
.
(:

.
( *
.)

,

.)
(6) ,
.
(: , Delete
.)
(7)
.
(8) , Query Tools->Design
Results Run
Microsoft Access .
(9) , ,
.
140
.6.
.6.18
(Description)
(Tab)
(Icon)
(Group)

(Dialog Box)
(Keys)

(Query Wizard)

(Query Design)
(Run)
141
.6.18

(Show Table)
142
.6
ENOTHTA 7

/ /

:

.

()

()

()

()

143
7.1
:
.
.

/ .

(/, ,
).
( /,
)
.
(..
- ).
1.

(.. , , , ),
,
. .
, , ,
, .
,
, ,
. ,
,
. ,
, , ,
.

. .
()
/ .

.
145
.7. 1-2
.7 ,
1:
/ .

( / ).
2:
3: .

( )
.
,
.
.
.
,
(
).
4:
/
. , ,
2 . .

,
.
21 /
21 /. ,
.
/.
.
,
. ,
, :
: (user manual),
, .
146
.7 ,
.7.1-2
:
.
FIFA
Sports. 2012 .
(.. )
.
. FIFA 2012
Impact Engine, ( /)
.
22 impact engine FIFA 2012

Impact Engine.
1: (EA Sports), .
.
,
.
2: ,
.
3:
.
4: , gamers .
Impact Engine.
,
.
147
.7. 1-2
.7 ,
2.
,
.

8 ..
(Abu Ja'far Mohammed ibn Musa l-Khowarismi).

"Algorithmus dixit ...." (
...).
,
,
2.1
23 Abu Ja'far Mohammed

ibn Musa l-Khowarismi
.
, ,
.
. ()
:
(.. )

.

:

1.
2.
3. ( = )
4.
3
1. 3 (a,b,c)
2. A a>b a>c
3. a
4. b>a b>c
5. b
6.
7. c
148
.7 ,
.7.1-2
(e-mail )
1. .
2. User Name
3. Password
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

. :
.
1. / / !
2. !
3. !
4. !
5. !
6. / / !
7. !
, ,
.
3.
.

:
/ : ()
,
. , ,
(). ,
,
.
:
,
.
: ,
, /
.
.
149
.7. 1-2
.7 ,
1.
2.
( ;
;)
3.

1, 2 3.

.
1.
2. 2
3. 3 .
1 2.
1
(

).
20

1. 20
2.
3. .
150
2

.

20
.
.7 ,
.7.1-2
4.
: ,
(pseudocode), (flowchart).
:
.
:
/ .
: ,
,
, .
: ;

1.
1. Age
age
2.
18
3.
2. X = 18 - age
3. X
X = 18 - age
5.

. :
.
.
.
.
.
,
.

.
.

.
151
.7. 1-2
.7 ,
1 : (in)
(out) () , ()
. / ;
out
in
: () (16 () 19.
2: frappe.
;
1.
1.
2. 1 Nescafe
2. 1
3. 1
3. 1 Nescafe
4. mixer
4. mixer
5.
5.
6.
6. 2-3
7. 2-3
7.
: , ,
.
3: ()
<= ( 3 4 12).
1.
2.
3.
4.

3.
. =3 =4
..
..
. =3 =4
1
2
3
=4
=5
=6
/ 0
/ 0
/ =0
/ =0
/ 0
/ 0
=12
/ =0
/ =0 => =12
9 .
152
1.
2.
3.
4.

3.
1
2
3
=4
=8
=12
/ 0
/ 0
/ =0
/ =0
/ 0
/ =0 => =12
3 .
.
.7 ,
.7.1-2

/
:
/
.
1

:

/

,
() .
2

:
3

:
,
.
4
:

2 .

.
.
,
,
.
/: ()

. ,
.
:
,
.
: ,
,
/
.

.
153
.7. 1-2
.7 ,

/ .
,
.
154
7.2
:
, ()
.

.
.
.
1.

.
. (flowcharts)
.
, .
,
. :
/
/
/
/

,
,
,
. ,
,
.
.
24 100
.
155
.7. 3
.7 ,
63 (17 ).
, 25, 407 (82 ).
,
,
.
Sum 0
X 1
False
True
X<=100

Sum
Sum Sum+N
X X+1
24
100
(sum). (x)
.
1. 100
() .
1. 100
.
25
156
.7 ,
.7.3
2. , , (),

.
.
,
.
.
.
().
,
.
26
3.
,
.
,

.
.
/ ()
.
/.
, . ,
.
(.. ).

2 . 10
;
(.. p= 3.1415926535)
.
157
.7. 3
.7 ,
4.

:
(1) .
(2) ()
( ).
(3) ( )
/ .
(4) (
).
1
.
. 3.
;
( )
= 3-
()
:
:
(1)
(2)

timi

, , , .
.

timi
Start, End, Read,
Resta3-timi
Print/Write.
(3)
To =
(4)
Resta
timi
resta
(.. , ).

158
.
(5)
timi
resta.
.7 ,
.7.3
2
:
= ( 1 + 2 ) * 0.7 + * 0.3
. ;
( 1,
2,
)
=( 1+
2)*0.35 +
*0.3
( )

.

.
1,2,
(1+2)*0.35+*0.3
. .

.
.
3
(B1, B2, E) ().
159
.7. 3
.7 ,
/
/
/
/

(/
) .
,
(RAM)
.

( ),
(.. ).
160
7.3
:

.
+, -, *, /, ^, div mod.

.
1.
,
/ .
.
.

. (),
() (/ ).
2.

, .
.
:
(1) .
(2) .
(3) .
, .

.
2 ,
. 1=20, 2=19
=18.
.
1 2
20
19
19.05
18
19.05
161
.7. 4-10
.7 ,
3.
.
A+B
A+B
5+2
AB
AB
73
AB
A*B
5*3
15
AB
A/B
5/2
2,5
AB
A div B
9 div 3
5 div 2
9 mod 3
5 mod 2
5^2
25
A mod B
AB
A^B
.

.
:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
, , , w
, .
()
()
()
()
()
7+12*2-1 = 7+24-1 = 30
6*4/2-1 = 24/2-1 = 12-1 = 11
4^2*2 = 16*2 = 32
19 div 3 mod 4 = 6 mod 4 = 2
(7+3)*2 = 10*2 = 20
4. (1)
.
.
.
162
.7 ,
.7.4-10
1

= 4
plevra
Plevra Perimetros
16
4
16
Perimetros4*plevra
Perimetros
2

(C). , ,
(F).
C=(F-32)*5/9.
F=98.6.
F
C(F-32)*5/9
37
98.6
C
37
5. (1)
.

.
163
.7. 4-10
.7 ,
3
10% .
.
poso=200.
poso
Poso Ekptosi Teliki
20
200
180
ekptosiposo*0.1
20
180
telikiposo-ekptosi
ekptosi
teliki
4

.
53 8 (5+3) 15 (5*3).

.
div (
) mod ( ).
.. 53 div 10 = 5, 53 mod 10=3.
arithmo
monadesarithmo mod 10
dekadesarithmo div 10
athmonades + dekades
ginmonades * dekades
Arithmo Monades dekades Ath gin
53
15
3
ath
gin
5
8
15
164
.7 ,
.7.4-10
6. 1

( ) .
5
(Q) (P).
();
Q=100, P= 1.50
150
100
1.50
EQ*P
150
6
U=X/T
( = / ).
100 2
50 m/s.

.
50
UX/T
100
U
2
50
165
.7. 4-10
.7 ,
7.

.
7
()
()
() (P) .
=* ,
P=(A+B)*2.
=10 =5.
A
B
B E
50
EA*B
30
10
P(A+B)*2
5
50
30
8

2 .
.
2
2
(: =A*B/2, P=A+B+C, C= A B )
166
.7 ,
.7.4-10
A
B
C +
A B C E P
EA*B/2
PA+B+C
6 12
3
4
5
6
12
167
.7. 4-10
.7 ,
o.

,
.
A+B
A+B
AB
AB
AB
A*B
AB
A/B
AB
A div B
A mod B
AB
A^B
:
(1)
(2)
(3) , ,
(4) , .
168
7.4
:
.
.

.
, else
else.
(AND - OR).
(nested) .

.
1.
1.1

. ,
.. , 50
, .
,
,
, .
(.. ,
) (..
), .
,
:
(/)
,
.

100

15%
7%

100
1.2
15%
7%

.
.

, .
169
.7. 11-19
.7 ,

.
.
,
.
.
,
.
. ,
.
, , .
,
.
1.3
,
.
,
. ,
, (True) (False),
, . ( 27
28)
()
()
()
()
27
28
, ,
, , , ,
.
( 29).
170
.7 ,
()
(1)
.7.11-19
(2)
29

( )
.
,
, .
/ , /
TRUE / FALSE.
18 ; .
, 18 .
, .

(/)
3>2
10<=10
4<8
5<>5
171
.7. 11-19
1.4
.7 ,
( - else)
1
2 X, Y. 2
, .
) =5, =5 ) =5, =6
,
True
=
False
True/False
True/False
5=6
False
5
5
6
5=5
True

( ).
,
. , ,
( ;/False),
.
2
().
40, .
) =45 ) =40
172
.7 ,
.7.11-19
>40
True/False
45>40
True
45
True
>40
False
>40
True/False
40>40
False
40
3
().
(>=0) .
=4.
N>=0
True/False
4>=0
True
True
>=0
False
Riza
riza
riza
173
.7. 11-19
.7 ,
4
,
10% .
,
100 .
poso
ekptosi0
True
poso>100
False
ekptosiposo*0.1
telikiposo-ekptosi
ekptosi,teliki

.
) poso=200 ) poso=50.
1.5
(
/False)
(false),
, / .
(
).
( 1), ( 2)
( 3).

.
(),
.
174
.7 ,
.7.11-19
5
3 ,
Error .
False
True
>=0
Riza
Error
riza
=-4.
Error
. 4 -4.
;
Riza
N>=0
True/False
-4>=0
False
Error
-4
6
ax+b=0.
a b
x. a=0 .
2x+4=0. (:
x=-b/a). a=2
b=4.
175
.7. 11-19
.7 ,
a,b
False
True
a=0
x -b/a
a=0
True/False
2=0
False
-2
2
4
-2
7

. ,
, ()
().
10. 2 8.5

. .
176
.7 ,
.7.11-19
(+)/2
False
True
<8.5
2.

.
.
FIFA Playstation
. ,
.
.
. .
:
(1) 1 20
(2) 30
(3)

.
(+,-,*,/), .
(True)
(False).
(.. =0, >40 ..).
177
.7. 11-19
.7 ,
NOT, AND OR.

AND OR.
2.1
AND
AND AND () 2 .
AND .
1 2
AND
AND
AND
AND
AND
.

()
(), .
.
1. ()
() o ,
.
2. ()
() ,
.
3. ()
() ,
.
4. ()
() ,
.
AND
=10, =20, C=30

(>) And (A>C)
False
(A<B) And (A<C)
True
(B>A) And (B<C)
True
(A=B) And (C=30)
False
(B<100) And (C>100) False
178
.7 ,
.7.11-19
8
2 (,). 2
.
) =10, =5 ) =10, =-5.
True
False
>=0 And Y>=0
ZX*Y
ZX+Y
X>=0 And Y>=0
True/False
10>=0 And 5>=0
True
15
10
5
15

X>=0 And Y>=0
True/False
10>=0 And -5>=0
False
-50
10
-5
-50
179
.7. 11-19
.7 ,
9
&
19 .
(G) ()
.
G,A
True
False
G>19 And A=0
2.2
OR
OR OR () .
OR .
1 2
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
=10, =20, C=30

(>) Or (A>C)
False
(A<B) Or (A<C)
True
(B>A) Or (B>C)
True
(A=B) Or (C=30)
True
(B>100) Or (C>100) False
180
.7 ,
.7.11-19
OR
.

1. ()
()
, .
2. ()
()
, .
3. ()
()
, .
4. ()
()
, .
10
2 (, ).
( 2 0)
, .
) =4, =7 ) =5, =7.
False
mod 2=0
Or
Y mod 2=0
ZX*Y
True
ZX+Y
181
.7. 11-19
.7 ,
X mod 2=0 Or Y mod 2=0
True/False
4 mod 2 =0 Or 7 mod 2 =0
True
11
4
7
11

X mod 2=0 Or Y mod 2=0
True/False
5 mod 2 =0 Or 7 mod 2 =0
False
35
5
7
35
2

() 17
(P) 19.
.
True
False
>17 And >19
182
.7 ,
.7.11-19
3.
.

.
.
.
.
11
() () .
1.85
10 .
True
False
>1.8
5
>10
True
False
12
:

, .
5 8
, .
7
, .
()
. , ,
) =123 ) =952
183
.7. 11-19
.7 ,
E AM div 100
DAM mod 100 div 10
M AM mod 10
True
False
M mod 2 =0
False
D =5 Or
D=8
True
False
True
>7

"
184
.7 ,
D M
123
1 2 3
M mod 2 =0 T/F D=5 or D=8 T/F E>7 T/F
3 mod 2 =0
D M
952
9 5 2
2=5 Or 2=8
1>7
5=5 Or 5=8
9>7
M mod 2 =0 T/F D=5 or D=8 T/F E>7 T/F
2 mod 2 =0
.7.11-19
4.

( )
.
,
.

,
.

(1)
(1-5 ,
6-11 , 12-14 , 15-17 , 18-21 , ..)
(2) (1-20)
(0-9 , 10-12 , 13-15 ,
16-18 , 19-20 ).
(3) 1-24
.
(4) ,

(<20 , 20-25 ,
26-29 , 30 , >30 ).
(5)
(<2000 2%, 2000-3000 3%,
3001-5000 5%, >5000 12%).
(6) 1-12
.
185
.7. 11-19
.7 ,
13
(a). 1 2 3
(-), .
a=2, 1, 3 4
False
False
False
True
a=2
True
a=3
186
True
a=1
.7 ,
.7.11-19
13
a=1 T/F a=2 T/F a=3 T/F
2=1
2=2
a=1 T/F a=2 T/F a=3 T/F
1=1
a=1 T/F a=2 T/F a=3 T/F
3=1
3=2
3=3
a=1 T/F a=2 T/F a=3 T/F
4=1
4=2
4=3
14
(V)
. 1-20 ,
:
1-9
10 - 12
13 - 15
16 - 18
19 20
187
.7. 11-19
.7 ,
False
True
V<10
False
True
V
<13
False
True
V <16
False
True
V <=20
True
V <19
False
14
6, 19, 15, 18, 12, 22 V.
.
188
.7 ,
.7.11-19
V<10
T/F
6<10
V<13
T/F
V<16
T/F
V<19
T/F
V<=20
T/F
V<10
T/F
19
19<10
V<13
19<13
T/F
F
V<16
19<16
T/F
F
V<19
19<19
T/F
F
V<=20
19<=20
T/F
V<10
T/F
15
15<10
V<13
15<13
T/F
F
V<16
15<16
T/F
V<19
T/F
V<=20
T/F
V<10
T/F
18
18<10
V<13
18<13
T/F
F
V<16
18<16
T/F
F
V<19
18<19
T/F
V<=20
T/F
V<10
T/F
12
12<10
V<13
12<13
T/F
V<16
T/F
V<19
T/F
V<=20
T/F
V<10
T/F
22
22<10
V<13
22<13
T/F
F
V<16
22<16
T/F
F
V<19
22<19
T/F
F
V<=20
22<=20
T/F
189
.7. 11-19
.7 ,

,
.

.
(1)
()
(2)
.
NOT, AND OR.
AND AND ()
. :
1 2
AND
AND
AND
AND
OR OR ()
. :
1 2
OR
OR
OR
OR
190
7.5
:
.
.

.
.

.
.
1.

,
. ,
,
.
,
,
,
, ,
.
2.
, ,
()
,
.
(Machine Language),
.
..
, ,

30.
31().
,

.
a
P4*a
P
30

. , ,
( 0 1
).
191
.7. 20
.7 ,
program tetragono;
call get_input
movl %eax,%ebx
leal -4(%ebp),%edx
movl %ebx,%eax
call read_txt_int
call IOCHECK
movw -4(%ebp),%ax
movw %ax,A
movl %ebx,%eax
call readln_end
call IOCHECK
movswl A,%eax
movl $4,%ebx
mul %ebx
movl %eax,P
call get_output
movl %eax,%ebx
movswl P,%ecx
movl %ebx,%edx
movl $0,%eax
call write_txt_int
call IOCHECK
movl %ebx,%eax
call writeln_end
call IOCHECK
call DO_EXIT
movl -8(%ebp),%ebx
ret
var
a, P:integer;
begin
readln(a);
P := 4*a
writeln(P);
end.
()
()
11101000000000000000000000000000
000000001000100111000011
01100111100011010101010111111100
1000100111011000
11101000000000000000000000000000
0000000011101000000000000000000000000000
0000000001100111011001101000101101000101
1111110001100110100010010000010000100101
000000000000000000000000000000001000100111011000
11101000000000000000000000000000
0000000011101000000000000000000000000000
0000000000001111101111110000010000100101
00000000000000000000000101110110000010000000000
000000001111011111100011
10001001000001000010010100000000
0000000000000000000000001110100000000000000000
000000001000100111000011
00001111101111110000110000100101
000000000000000000000000000000001000100111011010
10111000000000000000000000000000
0000000011101000000000000000000000000000
0000000011101000000000000000000000000000
000000001000100111011000
11101000000000000000000000000000
0000000011101000000000000000000000000000
0000000011101000000000000000000000000000
0000000001100111100010110101110111111000
11000011
()
31 () , () ()
3.

.
(Assembly Language).
, , ,
(.. movl
/ , mul ..).
,
, 31().
,
.

( ).
/ /
,

. ,
,
,
. 31(),
192
.7 ,
.7.20
Pascal.
:
Visual Basic: Windows.

.
C/C++:
( Windows C++).
Pascal: .
.
Java:
( ).
(.. Android) Java.
Perl: .

.
.
Python:
. ,
.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a, P;
cin >> a;
P = 4 * a;
cout << P;
return 0;
Private Sub cmdCalculate_Click()

Dim a As Integer
Dim P As Integer
a = InputBox( )
P = 4 * a
MsgBox P
End Sub
}
() C++
Program tetragono;
var
a, P:integer;
begin
Readln(a);
P := 4*a
Writeln(P);
End.
() Visual Basic
Import java.util.*;
public class tetragono {
public static void main(String[] args){
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
int a, P;
a = in.nextInt();
P = 4 * a;
System.out.println(P);
}
}
() Pascal
() Java
32 :
() C++, () Visual Basic,
() Pascal, () Java
193
.7. 20
.7 ,
/
/
, /.
,
.
, (,
, , , ..) ,
.
4.

,
.
.
. ,
(compilers)
(interpreters).

,
. , -
,
.

. C/C++ Pascal
.
. Visual Basic, Perl
Python . Java
.
.
.
Java ,
( Java
).
194
.7 ,
.7.20
.
.
,
.

, .
: Pascal, C/C++, Visual Basic, Java, Perl, Python.
(Compiler):

,

.
(Interpreter):

, -
.
1. ., ., ., ., (2006) ', ', '

, . 182184, .
195
7.6
Pascal
:
Pame (open),
(save), (run)
Pascal.
.
.
,
.
.
1.
Pascal
1971
Nicklaus Wirth.
,

.
Pame

Pascal,
FreePascal.

http://users.sch.gr/samartzidis/pame/.
33 Pame
2. Pame
Pame
.
34 Pame

3.
(1)
.
(2) .
(1)
.
35
197
.7.21
.7 PASCAL
4. Pame
36 Pame
5.
Pascal :
37 Pascal
198
.7 PASCAL
.7.21
Pascal
; ( ) ,
begin , end
. () (
).
5.1
program,
, .
64
. ..
program athroisma;
5.2

.
const ,
( )
.:
const
vat = 0.17;
name = Nicolas;

.

/ ,
(.. ). ,

.
var ,
( )
.
,
.
:
Integer: .
integer . integer
-32768 32767 (16bit).
longint (32bit).
Real:
() . real
3.4x10-38 3.4x1038
.
String:
( , ).
199
.7.21
.7 PASCAL
..
var
Hlikia: integer;
Ypsos : real;
Name : string;
5.3
begin
end. H end ,
. begin end
,
, ()
( ).
: readln,
:
readln();
:
readln(_1, _2, _3,...);

..
readln(height);
readln(bathmos1, bathmos2,bathmos3);
: writeln,
:
writeln();

:
writeln(' ',);
writeln(_1, _2, _3,...);
..
writeln(emvadon);
Writeln (' : ', mesos_oros);
:

, ( )
.
,
,
.
:= . :
:= ;
..
perimetros := 4*plevra;
mesos_oros := (bathmos1+bathmos2+bathmos3)/3;
200
.7 PASCAL
.7.21
6. (Debugging)

. Pame
debug

.
38
39
7. ( Compile)
compile

compile .
8. ( Run)
H run

201
.7.21
.7 PASCAL
40 Run
9. (Save, Save as)

(1)
.
(2)
.
41
10. (open)
(1)
.
(2) .
(1)
.
42
202
.7 PASCAL
.7.21
11. ifthenelse

ifthenelse. , (true)
,
.

if <> then
begin
(false)

,
begin end
1;
end
else
;
else
begin
2
.
else.
2;
end;
1
program megaliteros;
2 a b.
var
2 .
a,b:integer;
begin
read(a,b);
if a>b then
write(a)
else
write(b);
end.
a b
a
1) else
(;)
2)
BeginEnd; ,
.
3) End.
.
12.
, ,

.

.
203
.7.21
.7 PASCAL
2
.
Pascal.
1: .
program trigono;
2: .
( )

() b1, b2, u .
real.
var
b1,b2,u,E:real;
3:
, .
begin
readln(b1,b2,u);
E:=(b1+b2)*u/2
writeln(E);
end.
3
.
,
.
204
.7 PASCAL
.7.21
1: .
program paradeigma;
2: . 4 ( 2
, ). .
var
a,b:integer;
athrisma,ginomeno:integer;
3: ,
.
205
.7.21
.7 PASCAL
begin
read(x,y)
if x<=y then
begin
athrisma:=x+y;
writeln(athrisma)
end
Else
begin
ginomeno:=x*y;
writeln(ginomeno)
end;
end.
206
.7 PASCAL
.7.21
Program:
Pascal
.

,
.
: ,
.
Const:
Pascal
...
const
vat = 0.17;
Var:
Pascal
...
var
number1 : integer;
Integer:
Real:
String:
Readln:
E . ..
readln(ypsos);
Writeln:
. ..
writeln(embadon);
:=
(, ).
.
..
a := b*(c+d);
If-thenelse
E . ..
if a>b then
begin
c := a+b;
d := 4*a
end
else
begin
c := a-b;
d := 4*b
end;
207
.7.21
.7 PASCAL

Pame

(compile)
(debugging)
(run)

1. ., . (2005) (PASCAL), . 29
71, .
2. , Pame Pascal Made Easy, http://users.sch.gr/samartzidis/pame/.
3. ... . , http://dide.flo.sch.gr/Plinet/Tutorials/TutorialsPascal.html
208

CS C Gym Notes 20130723 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

CS C Gym Notes 20130723 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

CS C Gym Notes 20130723 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

:

(Microsoft Access) ........................................................ 67

(Blank database) ........................................... 67

(Table Design) ...................... 69

(Data Type) .................................................................................... 71

10. (Field Properties) ............................................................................. 72

(Delete Table) ................................................................................. 79

(Primary Key) ................................................................................... 80

(Form Wizard) .......................... 90

(Delete Record) ..................................................... 90

(Filter) ............................................ 102

(Clear Filter) ................................................................................ 102

(Selection Filter)......................................................................... 103

(Queries) ................................................................................................ 109

(Query Wizard) .......... 110

(Query Design) ............. 110

(Delete Query) ....................................................................... 112

(Criteria) ................................................................................. 113

(Reports) .................................................................................................... 117

(Report) ............................... 117

(Report Wizard) .................... 118

(Delete Report) ............................................................................ 120

(Print Report) ............................................................................. 121

(Sort) ................................................................................... 125

(Sort) , , ........................................ 125

, , (Remove Sort) ......... 126

(Relationships) ........................................................................ 131

-- (One-To-Many, 1-) ........... 135

(Delete Relationship) ....................................... 137

(Queries in Related Tables) .................. 139

(Query Wizard) .......... 139

(Query Design) ............. 140

, , (), ................................................... 157

(1) ................................................................... 162

(1) ............................................ 163

Pame ........................................................................................... 197

Pame ...................................................................... 198

(Debugging) ................................................................................... 201

( Compile) .......................................................................................... 201

( Run) ....................................................................................................... 201

(Save, Save as) ..................................................................................... 202

10. (open) ............................................................................................ 202

= 1024 KB 1000 KB= 1.000.000 Byte

= 1024 MB 1000 MB = 1.000.000.000 Byte

= 1024 GB 1000 GB = 1.000.000.000.000 Byte

= 1024 TB 1000 GB = 1.000.000.000.000.000 Byte

(dots per inch, dpi), (.. 600 dpi).

: byte . (.. 1.44

100 MB/s500 MB/s

(bit), Byte (B)

Microsoft), Chrome ( Google), Firefox (

(Windows, Linux, Mac OS, ..)

Programs and Features

(RSI - Repetitive Strain Injury).

(Toasted Skin Syndrome).

1. ., ., ., ., (2006) ', ', '

: Windows (.. Windows 7,

480 0,79 0,50