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(1967) Digital Pulse Compression Radar Receiver
(1967) Digital Pulse Compression Radar Receiver
ULSE
PRESSION
radar receiver
s(t) = reet
where
reetU)
1,
= 0,
It I
ITI
It I >
ITI
~
~.
s.
J.
A. Taylor
and
L. MacArthur
March-ApriL 1967
T1
2N - 1.
4. The initial condition in the register determines the cyclic permuta tion of the code.
5. The number of transitions in a maximum
length code is 2N - 1.
TABLE I
CORRELATION CHARACTERISTICS OF BINARY CODES
Degree
(Length)
Polynomial
in Octal
Represen- Lowest
tation
Sidelob e
Initial
Condition
Highest
Sidelobe
Initial
Condition
Lowest
RMS
Highest
RMS
In itial
Condition
1 (1)
2 (3)
1,2
.707
1,2
1.58
3 (7)
13
3,5
.707
1.78
3,5
4 (15 )
23
Many (7)
1.39
2,8
2.25
5 (31 )
45
5,6,26,29
1.89
6,25
2.87
5 (31)
75
Many (9)
1.74
31
2.87
25
5 (31)
67
2,16,20,26
6,27
1.96
2.92
15
Many (9)
6 (63 )
103
Many (8)
11
2.62
32
3.87
51
6 (63)
133
Many (9)
10
47,49
2.81
35
3.94
57
6 (63)
147
Many (9)
10
31,61
2.38
3.92
45
7 (127)
203
1,54
15
9,42,86,106,112
4.03
109
5.31
44
7 (127)
211
13
Many (10 )
7 (127)
217
33
15
75
3.90
38
5.26
109
33
5.26
79
7 (127)
235
49
14
40,46,85,125
4.09
7 (127)
247
104
13
Many (14)
4.23
5.14
40
24,104
12
5.21
73
7 (127 )
253
10
54
16
49
4.17
36
5.2
57
7 (127)
277
10
14,20,73
15
77,91
4.15
50
5.31
7 (127)
313
99
13
Many (15)
4.04
113
5.39
95
7 (127)
357
15,50,78,90
14
11 ,51
4.18
122
5.15
34
8 (255 )
435
13
67
19
Many (8)
8 (255 )
453
14
Many (20 )
21
8 (255 )
455
14
124,190,236
8 (255)
515
14
54
5.97
135
7.06
221
114
5.98
254
7.16
44
22
114
6.10
246
7.15
66
21
51,56,197,227
6.08
218
7.10
161
8 (255 )
537
13
90
19
29,195
5.91
90
7.08
63
8 (255)
543
14
Many (10)
20
71 ,91,203
6.02
197
7.10
202
8 (255 )
607
14
Many (7)
20
51,241
6.02
15
7.1
48
8 (255 )
71 7
14
124,249
21
59
5.92
156
7.2
127
to 22 ) for 255 length codes. These Values are relative to 255 at t = O. The computed sidelobes may
have positive or negative values, but a receiver linea rly detects the signal (takes the m agnitude) and
therefore the sidelobe magnitude is the important
factor. It can be seen that for the best starting
points the peak sidelobe level is less than the square
root of the code length (or = 16 for 255 ) . Not
shown in the table is the fact that the near-in sidelobes are even lower than those listed. The availability of a number of codes allows unsynchronized
operation of similar radars without generation of
March -
Initial
Condition
A pril 1967
spurious targets, since cross-correlation between different code sequences produces a noise-like output;
however, coincidence of target return and transmission from the other radars will result in signal
suppression.
For this type of signal a cut through the ambiguity function (t = 0) along the frequency axis
shows the velocity (doppler) response to have a
Isin 7 T f T I .
--- 1shape, wIth the first null at f T1 where
1 7TIT
= -,
Digital Receiver
The experimental digital pulse compressor (Fig.
1) consists of:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Fig. 1-255: I
range tracker.
TO TRANSMIT 0 0
1=+
CLOCK
FILT ER
}I
= M ISMATCH
OUTPUT =
2I
x CODE MATCHES
I.F.
LIMITER
L. O.
FILT ER
CLOCK
SAMPLE
1=+
I."I, . I.!
'.
,.,," I /'
I
,t
' ......
I
I
March -
A pril 1967
'1' I I r
,""
"~"~I' J .: ,,' \0
1
I'
/ /"'\.,""
....
".
--
for
varying
l:=A+B+C+D
6TV
6EL
= (A + C) - (B + OJ
= (A
+ Bj -
{C
+ OJ
TO ACQUISITION AND
RANGE TRACK UNIT
r - - - - - - - - - --,
I
IF
IV\.
'<Y
NARROW BAND
AMPL IFI ER
I
I
I TRACK CODE
ONE SECTION OF
II
I
THREE MATCHED FILTERS
L __________
Test Results
Figure 6 consists of A-scope (search ) video
photographs showing the effect of offsetting the
local oscillator (and in some cases the injected
.\PL Tee/micnl Digest
A
B
C
D
III OR 101
PEAK
NULL
PEAK
NULL
SIMULATED TARG ET
POSITION RELATIVE
TO REC EIVER
COMPR ESSION
RATIO
VELOCITY RESPONS E
PEA K
PEAK
PEAK
PEA K
I
I
255
255
April 1967
=7
=3
= 15
Conclusions
The advantages of digital pulse compression are :
PULSE COMPR ESSION
= 31
= 127
PULS E COMPRESSION
63
= 255
Fig. 8-Detected video out of digital pulse compressor on rainstorm (100 Ilsec/cm common to all).
I
0-20------~~P-~+-~~4_----~--~~-
0::
~ -2 B ----~~~t==t-~~~~--_r--+__t-'
<
si~ x)
power
~-36------~--~+-+-~~~=-~~--~-+Vi
UJ
>-44------~--~+-+-~~~~~~--~_+-
i=
0::-52-----r-~~+-+-+_+_+_1f+_~h___+_~~_+_-
- 60
10
20
40
60 BO 100
200
400
RANGE (kiloyards)
10
Acknowledgments
The work described in this article was performed
with technical guidance and support from J. L.
Queen, Supervisor of the Radar Techniques Group,
who provided the original impetus. The authors are
also grateful to P. J. Luke for his contributions in
the areas of detection theory and processing. Logic
design, fabrication, and testing of the equipment
were the responsibility of D. L. Clearwater and
W. M. Halstead.
APL Technical Digest