NAME: LUCAS

LAB PARTNER:
TRAM
MIKE
KEVIN
JACKY

USING COMPOUND MICROSCOPES

DATE: SATURDAY, OCTOBER 15, 2016

HONOR CODE: ON MY HONOR, I HAVE

NEITHER RECEIVED OR GIVEN ANY
UNAUTHORIZED AID ON THIS ASSIGNMENT

INTRODUCTION
An optical instrument that helps us to magnified images of small objects. It includes the
objective lens with a very short focal length and an eyepiece with a longer focal length,
both lenses mounted in the same tube. In the 13th Salvino DArmate from Italy, made the
first eye glass, which would provide the wearer with an element of magnification to one
eye. The earliest simple forms of magnification were magnifying glasses, usually about
6x-10x and were used for inspecting tiny insects such as fleas, hence these early
nagnifliers called flea glasses.

There are more than 13 types of microscopes and these are some significant and its use.

Optical Microscopes: Optical microscope uses visible light or which we call UV light, to
sharply magnify the samples. The light rays refract with optical lens. These are some
categories:
Stereo Microscope: an optical microscopes which magnifies up to about maximum 100x
and provides a 3-dimensional view of the specimen.
Electron Microscopes: are the most advanced microscopes used in modern science. The
electron microscopes essentially function on the principle of a beam of electrons that
strikes any objects that comes to its path to magnify it.
Neutron Microscope: Still under an experimental stage, Neutron microscope generates a
high resolution image and may offer better contrast than other forms of microscopy. The
new technology would use neutrons instead of beams of light or electrons to generate high
resolution images.
Electron Microscopes: Modern electron microscope uses accelerated electrons and can
magnify up to 2 million times due to the very small wavelength of high energy electrons.
The high energy electrons as a source of illumination are quite tough on the sample being
observed. Because of the much shorter wavelength, the electron microscope has a higher
resolving power than a light microscope.

Material:
-

Compound Microscope

Microscope slides

Scissors

Dropper pipette

Coverslips

Prepared slide of crossed fibers

Prepared slide of cheek cells, yogurt, onions cells and root

Methylene Blue

Onion

Yogurt

Toothpick

Water

Gloves

Safety Lab Equipment ( Lab coat, glasses)

Oil for 100x lens

Small knife

Procedure:
-

Yogurt ( Diluted)
Firstly, adding water to the yogurt and mix it until both of them are
mixed with each other. Then, we take the dropper, take some of the mixture
we have made and place into the microscope, then carefully spread out to
cover some area in the slide . After that, we take out the Bunsen burner to
heat and dry the slide. See it carefully until it is drying up and all the water
has come out already.

After the slide has dried, take out the dropper and adding
methylene to the slide. We need to be carefully with this step because you
are working with methylene blue, which is a toxic chemical.
Adding the coverslip to the slide after we have done all the step
above.

Yogurt ( Undiluted)
Get started with the yogurt, then you use a dropper to take a some
yogurt, then placing it in to a microscope ( you should spread it out so that
it could dry faster)
After the slide has dried, taking out the dropper and adding
methylene to the slide. We need to be carefully with this step because you
are working with methylene blue, which is a toxic chemical.
Adding the coverslip to the slide after we have done all the step
above.

Onion Cell
Prepare your materials ( onion, knifes, etc), then use a knife to
cut out a very small pieces of onion cells. Then, carefully place it on the
microscope slide.
Place the coverslip and then you are ready to observe.

Onion Roots
Take out an onion ( can be the same or different with onion cell we
have done already), then use a knife to cut out a small piece of root.
Carefully place it in the microscope slide.
Covering it with the cover slip and then you are ready to observe.

Cheek cells
+ Take the toothpick, then put in on your mouth to have some bacteria
+ Put the toothpick in, and then move it around your mouth for 3-5s.
+ After that, slide the toothpick belong the microscope slide.
+ Waiting until it is dry ( usually about 3-5 mins)
+ Adding methylene blue on
+Then, cover it with the coverslip and then you are ready.

Observing Steps
-

Take out the camera and other note to write down the data

Secure your slide on the compound microscope and secure the stage clips.

Start at the 4x lens and use the coarse adjustment and the fine adjustment to see
the cells we want to.

Once you have seen it, stop changing anything in the coarse and fine
adjustment, take out the camera and take picture, also write and draw down the
data

With 10x, do not change much in the coarse adjustment. Only using the fine
adjustment and trying your best to find the focus point.

Adding the oil into the slides when you are using the 100x lens. With 100x,
only using the fine adjustment. It may take a long period of time to see it
clearly and in some situation, you will not see it clearly. Then, take picture and
right down the data

After you have done all 5 steps, cleaning up and make sure you have put all the
trashes in the bins and clean the lens already.

Onion cells
Source: www.instruction.greenriver.edu

Onion Root Cell

Source: http://saurabhg.com/microscopy/onion-cells-undermicroscope/

Bacteria in yogurt
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ct_FSK4rkiU

Discussion:
1. Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophiles, Lactobacillus acidophilus,
Lactobacillus casei, and bifido bacteria are some commonly bacteria that we find
in yogurt.

2. Onion cells are cells that we take directly from onion. Onion root cells are cells
that we take from the root ( where receive water and other energy from the
ground). Yogurt bacteria are bacteria we can see in yogurt through microscopes.
Cheek cells are cells that we use toothpick to take it out from our mouth.

3. The picture that I take from the Internet is pretty different from our picture. The
picture we take are not in a really quality and its details are pretty unclear, but
when compare with picture from the Internet, there are some different in its details
and its quality.

4. I think this lab time help me to have more experience with compound microscope,
which is pretty strange with me. The other skill that I have learned is writing report
and doing the pre-lab. Those are really new experience and it helps me to reach
some new skills, therefore, it will help me later on my lab skills and lab work time.
I think I should prepare the procedure more carefully and even prepare myself,
therefore I can be ready right in the time I go to the laboratory.

Research Question:
2. Methylene Blue is used to stain animal cells because of its function is make the cells become more visible
under a microscope. Methylene blue are pretty dirty and dangerous, so that, if it is in our clothes, its pretty
hard to clean up it. And methylene blue is also dangerous if we have it in our eyes and our mouths, so that, in
that situation, we need to wash it immediately to save ourselves.

3. Oil in 100x is helping us to see the cells more clearly, without it, we cannot see the cells due to the unique
design of the 100x lens. Oil is the most important factor when we are working with 100x lens
Firstly, we put the cells in the slide. Then , we put in a little bit of oil until the cells are stand in the oil. Then,
we use the microscope to see the cells and its part. Lastly, we write down the report and take picture.

WORK CITED
www.instruction.greenriver.edu
http://saurabhg.com/microscopy/onion-cells-undermicroscope/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ct_FSK4rkiU

THE END
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