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Lab RP 1
Lab RP 1
com),
Tom (an280902@yahoo.com),
John (phat17602@gmail.com),
Creasic (hieucreasic@gmail.com),
Leo (J3rocker77@gmail.com)
Mr. Bill
15 Oct, 2016
Biology
Honor Code: On my honor, I have neither received nor given any unauthorized aid on this
assignment.
Biology Lab Report #1: Using Compound Microscopes
Introduction:
Compound Microscope is science instruments that can help you see the small objects.
We use microscope when we need to see bacterias, atoms, etc. We also use it to study in
biology or others science subject.
Confocal Laser scanning microscope: They are able to scan a sample also in depth.
A computer is then able to assemble the data to make a 3D image.
X-ray Microscope: These microscopes use a beam of x-rays to create an image. Due
to the small wavelength, the image resolution is higher than in optical microscopes.
Scanning acoustic microscope (SAM): These devices use focused sound waves to
generate an image. They are used in materials science to detect small cracks or
tensions in materials.
Scanning Helium Ion Microscope (SHIM or HeIM): These devices use a beam of
Helium ions to generate an image.
Materials: methylene blue, onion, onion root, yogurt (undiluted, diluted), cheek cell, oil filter,
distilled water.
Procedure
Onion:
Move the slide right into the middle for the better view.
Unable to look the onion cell with 40x and 100x while we test.
Onion Root:
Cheek Cell:
Remember to cover it up with a plastic everytime you put something on the microscope.
Yogurt (Undiluted):
I took pictures of it
Yogurt (Diluted):
Take a toothpick
He put the methylene blue on the glass and covered it with plastic
He give it to Tom.
Onion cell: Able to see it in 4x and 10x. We saw its structure is very complex. It contain
many subjects in different sizes and looks. Separated by lines and its color is white border and
purple pink. We failed to see it in 40x and 100x.
Onion root: Able to see in 4x and 10x. Its sturture is actually like a leave. Unable to see it
in 40x and 100x.
Cheek cell: We saw many blue dots in 10x and 4x. Unable to see it in 40x and 100x.
Yogurt (Undiluted and Diluted): We saw small white bacterias surrounded by methylene
blue in both. But the diluted yogurt also has many black dots on it. Dots are seperated
everywhere.
Discussion
According to http://www.livestrong.com/ : There are 4 types of bacteria that found in
yogurt, there are: Probiotic, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus Thermophilus.
Probiotic Yogurt
Yogurt is generally known as a "live" food, because it contains living micro-organisms that exist
naturally in the human gut. Some of these microscopic bacteria are good for human health -these are known as probiotics. The good bacteria most commonly used as probiotics are lactic
acid bacteria, such as lactobacillus and bifidobacterium. Not all yogurt contains probiotics,
however; some live yogurt contains bacteria that are neither harmful, nor beneficial. Other types
of yogurt are heated in such a way that all live cultures are killed.
Lactobacillus
Lactobacillus is a broad name for one type, or genus, of bacteria. The many species of
lactobacillus are found naturally in our digestive and urinary tracts, and also in fermented foods
such as yogurt. Yogurt is most commonly made with lactobacillus bulgaricus, lactobacillus
acidophilus, L. animalis and L. casei.
Bifidobacterium
Bifidobacterium are a type of good bacteria found naturally in healthy gastrointestinal systems,
and also in fermented foods such as yogurt. Some commercial yogurts feature the probiotic
Bifidobacterium strains B. animalis and B. lactis.
Streptococcus Thermophilus
Another type of starter bacteria used to make yogurt is Streptococcus thermophilus. It is widely
used in the production of yogurt and cheese. As with lactobacillus and bifidobacterium, there are
2. Rotate the objective turret so that the high power objective is just to one side of the slide.
Place a single drop of immersion oil (low viscosity, Type A) on the slide (using the circle of light
from below as a guide) and place a drop directly on the objective lens. Failure to apply oil to the
objective will likely result in trapped air and reduced image quality.
3. Slowly rotate the high power objective into place and adjust the fine focus to fully resolve the
image.
High viscosity oil between condenser and slide (optional).
Condensers with a numerical aperture (N.A.) of 1.0 and greater (usually engraved directly on the
condenser) are also sealed to prevent oil penetration. Do not immerse condensers with an N.A.
less than 1.0.
1. Before placing the slide on the microscope stage, rack the condenser down (using the
condenser focusing mechanism) and apply a drop of oil (high viscosity, Type B) to the condenser
lens.
2. Apply a drop of oil to the bottom of the slide directly below the specimen, and place the slide
on the stage so that the drops will meet when the condenser is raised.
3. Raise the condenser until the drops converge. Follow the steps detailed above to oil the slide
to the objective. ( Flinnsi, 2016)
Work Cited
Different Types of Microscopes and their Uses. N.p., 25 Mar. 2015. Web. 16 Oct. 2016.
<http://blog.nationalmicroscope.com/different-types-of-microscopes-and-their-uses/>
Brown, Elizabeth. List of Good Bacteria in Yogurt. N.p., 9 June 2015. Web. 16 Oct. 2016.
<http://www.livestrong.com/article/349067-list-of-good-bacteria-in-yogurt/>.
Why is blue Methylene used in the cheek cell lab. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2016.
<https://www.reference.com/science/blue-methylene-used-cheek-cell-lab-e06874d0dd092782>.
Microscopy with Oil Immersion. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Oct. 2016.
<http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/methods/microscopy/oilimm.html>.
What is immersion oil used for and what is the proper technique for using it?. N.p., n.d. Web. 16
Oct. 2016. <https://www.flinnsci.com/teacher-resources/biology/frequently-asked-biologyquestions/general-questions/what-is-immersion-oil-used-for-and-what-is-the-proper-techniquefor-using-it/>.