Professional Documents
Culture Documents
06 Rokok Pemusnah Ummah
06 Rokok Pemusnah Ummah
49%
20%
37%
21%
10%
8%
0%
lelaki A
Lelaki B
Wanita A
Wanita B
Yaman
77.0%
20,727,063
Indonesia
69.0%
241,973,879
Tunisia
62.0%
10,074,951
Turkey
51.0%
69,660,559
Malaysia
48.8%
23,300,000
Bangladesh
48.5%
144,319,628
Syria
48.0%
18,448,752
Algeria
44.0%
32,531,853
Mesir
40.0%
77,505,756
Maghribi
34.5%
32,725,847
Pakistan
28.6%
162,419,946
Iran
22.0%
68,017,860
Arab Saudi
19.0%
26,417,599
1986 (I)
1996 (II)
2006 (III)
Keseluruhan
21.5%
24.8%
22.8%
Lelaki
40.9%
49.2%
48.8%
Perempuan
4.1%
3.5%
1.9%
Bandar
19.2%
21.7%
18.9%
L.Bandar
22.7%
28.6%
26.2%
Melayu
23.7%
27.9%
24.0%
China
17.7%
19.2%
16.2%
India
15.2%
32.4%
13.7%
Lain-lain
32.8%
32.4%
23.8%
1986(I)
1996(II)
2006(III)
Keseluruhan
9.8 %
16.9 %
8.7 %
Lelaki
12 %
30.7 %
16.6 %
1%
4.8 %
0.6 %
Perempuan
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Bilangan Krmatian/Juta
1.6
7
6
5
4
3
2.1
2.8
6.4
2
1
3.9
2.1
80%
65%
43%
0
2000
2010
2030
Negara Berpendapatan sederhana & rendah
Malaysia
Merokok adalah faktor risiko utama kematian melibatkan 5.1 Juta kematian
1 / 8 kematian dikalangan orang dewasa 30 keatas adalah kerana merokok
15-19% semua sebab kematian >30 di Malaysia adalah kerana merokok
Health Statistic and Informatics, WHO
% Kematian Kerana
Merokok (2004)
Turkey
38%
Kazakhstan
35%
Bosnia Herzegovina
30%
Maldives
29%
Indonesia
25%
Anggaran Bilangan
% Kematian
Penyakit Kanser
2,120,000
33%
Penyakit COPD
1,870,000
29%
1,860,000
29%
200,000
3%
Jangkitan Paru-paru
150,000
2%
Penyakit DM
130,000
2%
Penyakit TB
90,000
1%
Tobacco Atlas: 4th Edition
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
12.8 %
8.7 %
5.8 %
5.5 %
4.8 %
4.5 %
Kos Maksima
Kos Purata
RM682.3 Juta
RM1730.6 Juta
RM949.8 Juta
RM3257.7 Juta
RM1975 Juta
Jumlah Keseluruhan
RM4988.3 Juta
RM2924.8 Juta
Pesakit
RM RM1607.3 Juta
9.06 %
28.12 %
16.49 %
RM 10 -12
1 bulan
RM 300 - 360
1 tahun
RM 3,600 - 4,320
5 tahun
RM 18,000 21,600
10 tahun
RM 36,000 43,200
20 tahun
RM 72,000 86,400
HANGUS
3F
Food
Fashion
Fun
Adhesive
Adhesive
Ventilation
holes
Monogram
ink
Filtration Material
(activated Charcoal
& others)
Burning point
& ashes
Cigarette
Paper
Tobacco
& ingredients
plus additives
MSS
Tipping paper
Filter
Second-Hand
Second-Hand
Smoke
Smoke
Nitrous
acid/ozone
Tobacco-specific
nitrosamines
1. Gas (90%)
asal rokok
N2,O2, CO2, CO
H2O (water vapor)
C2-C6 Hydrocarbons
Aldehydes
Nitrites ..
Bahan-bahan organik
Nicotiana alkaloids
Additives
2.
Produk pirolisis:
fasa gas (tak kelihatan)
fasa particles (kelihatan)
(10-1000nm)
2.
Particulates (10%)
H2O (condensed)
Nicotine
Tar (>4000 cpds..PAH
-Karsinogens
Sidestream smoke
Smoke production
by pyrolysis
(<900 C)
Air dilution
and cooling via
porous paper
Mainstream
smoke
Filter traps
some
particulates
> 80 karsinogen
Benzo (a) pyrene
Nicotine
Nornicotine
Anabasine
Anatabine
NNK
NNN
NAB
NAT
Agen peransang
Aldehydes
Nicotine
Anabasine
Belenggu ketagihan
Bau busuk
Gigi berkarat
Nampak tua
Mudah semput
Dan mati..Pucuk
Aggresif
Konservatif
2. Penyakit jantung
3. Strok
4. Penyakit pulmunari
obstruktif kronik
(COPD)
Chronic Bronchitis
A chronic inflammatory condition
in the lungs that causes the
respiratory passages to be
swollen and irritated, increases
the mucus production and may
damage the lungs. The symptoms
are coughing and breathlessness,
which will get worse over the yrs.
The definition of chronic bronchitis is
chronic cough or mucus reproduction
for at least 3 months in 2 successive
years when other causes have been
excluded.
Emphysema
Effects the alveoli
The smokers cough weakens the walls of the alveoli,
therefore the lungs can not take in enough oxygen
which leads to breathlessness.
Risiko Penyakit TB
Merokok menigkatkan risiko:
Dijangkiti kuman TB
(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
Bidis
Kretek
Cigar
Cerut
Rokok gulung
Rokok Kreteks
Dihasilkan di Indonesia
Mengandungi cengkeh
Tar dan nikotin tinggi
Jenama utama termasuk:
Djarum
Gudang Garam
Bentoel
Sampoerna
R
O
K
O
K
S
E
L
U
D
U
P
Shisha
Nama lain - hookah, goza
narghile atau hubble bubble
Menggunakan tembakau khas yang
diperap dan ditambah perisa
daripada buah-buahan, madu dan
molasses
Guna charcoal untuk bakar
Penggunaan Shisha
Kian popular dikalangan remaja dan belia
Banyak terdapat di restoran-restoran tertentu, coffee
house, bar, lounge dll
shisha
rokok
perbandingan
Tar
802 mg
22.3 mg
36 X
Nikotin
2.96 mg
1.74 mg
1.7 X
Karbon
Monoksida
145 mg
17.3 mg
84 X