Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Curs 4 DrDragosDorin
Curs 4 DrDragosDorin
Curs 4 DrDragosDorin
Salicilai
Flavonoide
Ginkgo biloba
Naftodiantrone
Hyperici herba (suntoare)
Saponozide steroidice
Tami rhizoma (untul pmntului)
Saponozide triterpenice
Liquiritiae/ Glycyrrhizae radix (lemn dulce)
Hippocastani semen (castan)
Calendulae flores (glbenele)
Sesquiterpene
Chamomillae flores (mueel)
Millefolii flores (coada oricelului)
Iridoide
Harpagophyti tuber (gheara diavolului)
Euphrasiae herba (silur)
Galii herba (snziene)
Efficacy and safety of aqueous willow bark extract for pain reduction
in patients with musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) has been shown in
clinical short term trials. Here is an observational study over 6 months.
436 patients with rheumatic pain mainly due to osteoarthritis and back
pain. During the study the mean reductions from baseline value
58.422.6-31.822.5 after 24 weeks in the pain intensity scale (VAS 0100mm) were significant even after 3 weeks with a reduction by 26
mm (45.6% of the baseline value) at the end of the study. The relative
reductions of the weekly means of the daily patient self-rated scores
of the pain (6-point Likert-scales) were between 33% and 44% of the
baseline values during the course of the study. The distribution and
specification of the main adverse events and the ratings of the
treatment showed a good tolerability. No relevant drug interactions
were reported.
Salicilai Populus spp, Salicaceae, plop - muguri foliari, scoar (Populi gemmae, Populi cortex)
Salicilai Populus spp, Salicaceae, plop - muguri foliari, scoar (Populi gemmae, Populi cortex)
Churin AA, Masnaia NV, Sherstoboev EIu, Shilova IV. - [Effect of Filipendula ulmaria extract on
immune system of CBA/CaLac and C57Bl/6 mice]. - Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2008 Sep-Oct;71(5):32-6.
[Article in Russian]
Suntoarea este
indicat cnd
ataamentul i
implicarea n
evenimentele
exterioare devin
nrobitoare,
genernd
dezamgire i
suferin, care,
mpinse la
extrem, se
transform n
dezndejdea
unei depresii
hiperalgice,
cnd chiar i o
mngiere
devine
dureroas.
Hipericina
(naftodiantron)
din Hypericum
perforatum
Naftodiantrone Hypericum perforatum, Hypericaceae, suntoare, pri aeriene uscate (Hyperici herba)
Pharmacological basis for the use of Hypericum oblongifolium as a medicinal plant in the
management of pain, inflammation and pyrexia. - Raziq N, Saeed M, Shahid M, Muhammad N,
Khan H, Gul F. - BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016;16(1):41. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1018-z.
Naftodiantrone Hypericum perforatum, Hypericaceae, suntoare, pri aeriene uscate (Hyperici herba)
Galeotti N, Maidecchi A, Mattoli L, Burico M, Ghelardini C. - St. John's Wort seed and feverfew
flower extracts relieve painful diabetic neuropathy in a rat model of diabetes. Fitoterapia
2014;92:23-33. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.10.003. Epub 2013.
Naftodiantrone Hypericum perforatum, Hypericaceae, suntoare, pri aeriene uscate (Hyperici herba)
Saponozide steroidice Tamus/ Dioscorea communis communis, Dioscoreaceae, untul pmntului rizom
(Tami rhizoma)
Ajutat de
lemnul dulce,
individul nva
s fie el nsui,
depindu-i
nchistrile,
reinerile,
inhibiiile i
ruinea.
Saponozide
triterpenice
Glycyrrhiza glabra,
Fabaceae,
lemn dulce
rdcin, stoloni,
rizomi (Liquiritiae/
Glycyrrhizae radix)
Saponozide triterpenice Glycyrrhiza glabra, Fabaceae, lemn dulce rdcin, stoloni, rizomi
Fu Y, Zhou E, Wei Z, Liang D, Wang W, Wang T, Guo M, Zhang N, Yang Z. - Glycyrrhizin inhibits the
inflammatory response in mouse mammary epithelial cells and a mouse mastitis model.
Saponozide
triterpenice
Aesculus
hippocastanum,
Hippocastanaceae,
castan
semine i
pericarp
(Hippocastani
semen)
Pittler MH, Ernst E. - Horse chestnut seed extract for chronic venous insufficiency. - Cochrane
Database Syst Rev. 2012 Nov 14;11:CD003230. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003230.pub4.
To review the efficacy and safety of oral horse chestnut seed extract
(HCSE) versus placebo, or reference therapy, for the treatment of CVI.
Overall, there appeared to be an improvement in CVI related signs and
symptoms with HCSE compared with placebo. Leg pain was assessed in
seven placebo-controlled trials. Six reported a significant reduction of
leg pain in the HCSE groups compared with the placebo groups, while
another reported a statistically significant improvement compared with
baseline. One trial suggested a weighted mean difference (WMD) of 42.4
mm (95% confidence interval (CI) 34.9 to 49.9) measured on a 100 mm
visual analogue scale. Leg volume was assessed in seven placebocontrolled trials. Six trials (n = 502) suggested a WMD of 32.1ml (95% CI
13.49 to 50.72) in favour of HCSE compared with placebo. One trial
indicated that HCSE may be as effective as treatment with compression
stockings. Adverse events were usually mild and infrequent.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The evidence presented suggests that HCSE is
an efficacious and safe short-term treatment for CVI.
Saponozide
triterpenice
Calendula
officinalis,
Asteraceae,
glbenele - flori
(Calendulae flores)
Ukiya M, Akihisa T, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, Suzuki T, Kimura Y. - Anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorpromoting, and cytotoxic activities of constituents of marigold (Calendula officinalis) flowers. - J
Nat Prod. 2006 Dec;69(12):1692-6.
Lactone sesquiterpenice
Matricaria chamomilla/
Matricaria recutita/
Chamomilla recutita,
Asteraceae, mueel - flori
(Chamomillae flores)
McKay DL, Blumberg JB. - A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile
tea (Matricaria recutita L.). - Phytother Res. 2006 Jul;20(7):519-30.
Moura Rocha NF, Venncio ET, Moura BA, Gomes Silva MI, Aquino Neto MR, Vasconcelos Rios ER,
de Sousa DP, Mendes Vasconcelos SM, de Frana Fonteles MM, de Sousa FC. - Gastroprotection
of (-)-alpha-bisabolol on acute gastric mucosal lesions in mice: the possible involved
pharmacological mechanisms. - Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Feb;24(1):63-71. doi:
10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00726.x. Epub 2009 Jul 3.
(-)-Alpha-Bisabolol is an unsaturated, optically active sesquiterpene alcohol obtained by the
direct distillation essential oil from plants such as Vanillosmopsis erythropappa and Matricaria
chamomilla. (-)-Alpha-Bisabolol has generated considerable economic interest, since it
possesses a delicate floral odor and has been shown to have anti-septic and anti-inflammatory
activity. The aim of this work was to evaluate the gastroprotective action of (-)-alpha-bisabolol
on ethanol and indomethacin-induced ulcer models in mice, and further investigate the
pharmacological mechanisms involved in this action. The oral administration of (-)-alphabisabolol 100 and 200 mg/kg was able to protect the gastric mucosa from ethanol (0.2
mL/animal p.o.) and indomethacin-induced ulcer (20 mg/kg p.o.). Administration of L-NAME (10
mg/kg i.p.), glibenclamide (10 mg/kg i.p.) or indomethacin (10 mg/kg p.o.) was not able to
revert the gastroprotection promoted by (-)-alpha-bisabolol 200 mg/kg on the ethanol-induced
ulcer. Dosage of gastric reduced glutathione (GSH) levels showed that ethanol and indomethacin
reduced the content of non-protein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) groups, while (-)-alpha-bisabolol
significantly decreased the reduction of these levels on ulcer-induced mice, but not in mice
without ulcer. In conclusion, gastroprotective effect on ethanol and indomethacin-induced ulcer
promoted by (-)-alpha-bisabolol may be associated with an increase of gastric sulfhydryl groups
bioavailability leading to a reduction of gastric oxidative injury induced by ethanol and
indomethacin.
Coada oricelului este util pentru cel care, ncrncenat sub impactul
evenimentelor dureroase repetate, se nveruneaz n revolt l
nva demnitatea neleapt a gustului amar.
Benedek B, Kopp B. - Achillea millefolium L. s.l. revisited: recent findings confirm the traditional
use. - Wien Med Wochenschr. 2007;157(13-14):312-4.
Maswadeh HM, Semreen MH, Naddaf AR. - Anti-inflammatory activity of Achillea and Ruscus
topical gel on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. - Acta Pol Pharm. 2006 JulAug;63(4):277-80.
The topical anti-inflammatory activity of a germacrane derivative [1,4dihydroxy-germacra-5E-10(14)-diene; DHGD] isolated from Achillea
pannonica Scheele (Asteraceae) was investigated employing the Croton
oil-induced dermatitis in the mouse ear. Its effects on the oedematous
response and on leukocytes infiltration are described. The germacrane
derivative significantly inhibited ear oedema in a dose-dependent
manner, with an ID(50) of 0.40 micromol/cm(2). DHGD (0.75
micromol/cm(2)) provoked a global inhibition of the oedematous
response (61 %) higher than that induced by an equimolar dose of
indomethacin (43 %) within 24 hours; the reduction induced by
hydrocortisone (0.10 micromol/cm(2)) was 68 %.
The effect of DHGD (61 % inhibition) was higher than that of the
equimolar dose of indomethacin (51 % inhibition) also on granulocytes
recruitment at the site of inflammation. Hydrocortisone (0.10
micromol/cm(2)) reduced the cellular infiltrate by 44 %.
Iridioide
Harpagophytum
procumbens, Pedaliaceae,
gheara diavolului tuberculii rdcinilor
secundare (Harpagophyti
tuber)
Setty AR, Sigal LH. - Herbal medications commonly used in the practice of rheumatology:
mechanisms of action, efficacy, and side effects. - Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2005;34(6):773-84.
Iridoide Scrophularia nodosa, Scrophulariaceae , bubernic pri aeriene nflorite (Scrophulariae herba)
Stevenson PC1, Simmonds MS, Sampson J, Houghton PJ, Grice P. - Wound healing activity of
acylated iridoid glycosides from Scrophularia nodosa. - Phytother Res. 2002 Feb;16(1):33-5.
Methanol, ethyl acetate and heptane extracts of Lamium album L. (Lamiaceae) were
tested for the toxicity or ability to stimulate growth of human skin fibroblasts (HSF)
in vitro. The biological effect depended on the HSF cells density and on the kind and
concentration of extract that was used. At a density of 1x10(5) HSF cells/mL no
cytotoxicity of extracts was observed during 24 h of incubation. During 24-72 h of
incubation with a low (2x10(4) HSF cells/mL) density of cells, significant cytotoxicity
was observed for methanol and ethyl acetate extracts at concentrations greater than
125 microg/mL. At concentration of 25 microg/mL the cells remained intact.
However, when the cells were incubated with the heptane extract, there was
observed relative high viability (>60%) of cells and significant, gradually increasing in
time, cellular mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, measured by MTT assay.
Stimulation of human skin fibroblasts proliferation by the heptane extract of Lamii
albi flos may indicate for its usefulness of wound healing in vivo and probability of
perspectives its use in designing new medicinal plant preparations. In order to
determine the biologically active compounds, the plant extracts were separated by
high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) on silica gel Si 60 F(254)
combined with densitometry. Phenolic acids were investigated by high performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Iridoide Galium mollugo, Rubiaceae, snziene pri aeriene nflorite (Galii herba)
Chaher N, Krisa S, Delaunay JC, Bernillon S, Pedrot E, Mrillon JM, Atmani D, Richard T. Unusual compounds from Galium mollugo and their inhibitory activities against ROS
generation in human fibroblasts. - J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2016 Jan 5;117:79-84.
Iridoide
planta ntreag
(Ajugae herba)
The present study investigates the anti-arthritic activity of Picrorhiza kurroa (PK), on
formaldehyde and adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rat. Administration of Picrorhiza
kurroa rhizome extract (PKRE) significantly inhibited joint inflammation in both
animal models. In AIA-induced arthritic rat, treatment with PKRE considerably
decreased synovial expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor
necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNF-R1) and vascular endothelial growth factor as
compared with control. The anti-arthritic activity was found to be well substantiated
with significant suppression of oxidative and inflammatory markers as there was
decreased malonaldehyde, Nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor alpha levels
accompanied with increased glutathione and superoxide dismutase, catalase
activities. Additionally, PKRE significantly inhibited the expression of degrading
enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases-3 and matrix metalloproteinases-9 in AIAinduced arthritic rat. Histopathology of paw tissue displayed decreased
inflammatory cell infiltration as compared with control. Taken together, these
results demonstrated the anti-arthritic activity of PKRE against experimental
arthritis, and the underlying mechanism behind this efficacy might be mediated by
inhibition of inflammatory mediators and angiogenesis, improvement of the
synovium redox status and decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinases.
UE - Cetone monoterpenice
Salviae aetheroleum (salvie)
Hyssopi aetheroleum (isop)
Rosmarini aetheroleum (rozmarin)
UE - Oxizi monoterpenici
UE - Metil-eteri aromatici
UE - Lactone sesquiterpenice
UE - Aldehide aromatice
Compui cu sulf
UE - Aldehide monoterpenice
Citronellae aetheroleum (citronel)
Rini
Propolis
infecii cutanate
Brusturele este util pentru cei care acioneaz fie excesiv, fie derizoriu:
le red stabilitatea i cumptarea, bunul sim n hotrri i n fapte.
Poliine Arctium lappa, Asteraceae, brusture Bardanae radix et folium infecii cutanate
Lou Z, Li C, Kou X, Yu F, Wang H, Smith GM, Zhu S. - Antibacterial, Antibiofilm Effect of Burdock
(Arctium lappa L.) Leaf Fraction and Its Efficiency in Meat Preservation. - J Food Prot. 2016
Aug;79(8):1404-9.
Poliine Arctium lappa, Asteraceae, brusture Bardanae radix et folium infecii cutanate
Rajasekharan SK, Ramesh S, Bakkiyaraj D, Elangomathavan R, Kamalanathan C. - Burdock root
extracts limit quorum-sensing-controlled phenotypes and biofilm architecture in major urinary
tract pathogens. - Urolithiasis. 2015 Feb;43(1):29-40.
Bacterial biofilms are serious concern in patients with UTI, complicated UTI and other
device-associated infections. Microbes within the biofilms are effectively shielded
from antibiotics and host immune cells, hence can be treated only with agents which
has the potential to disassemble the biofilms. The study is focused on the root extracts
of Arctium lappa Linn. as a source for complementary medicine against three major
biofilm forming clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Serratia
marcescens. Methanol extracts of burdock roots (BR) showed no bactericidal activity
(p > 0.05) against the uropathogens, whereas restrained the biofilms (p < 0.05) on
polystyrene and glass surfaces at a biofilm inhibitory concentration of 100 g/mL. []
the biofilm [] showed significant reduction in the surface area. [] substantial
reduction in the biofilm thickness (E. coli-50.79%, P. mirabilis-69.49%, and S.
marcescens-75.84%). Further, BR extracts also inhibited quorum-sensing (QS)controlled cellular phenotypes such as violacein, prodigiosin, swarming motility, and
cell surface hydrophobicity. [] two major quercetin derivatives (miquelianin and
peltatoside) along with few other constituent components. Exploring such
phytocompounds will provide potential agents to treat infections caused by biofilm
forming uropathogens. The antibiofilm and anti-QS agents will ultimately serve as
armor, facilitating the host immune system to fight infections.
Poliine Agropyron/ Triticum/ Elytrygia/ Elymus repens, Poaceae, pir rizom, rdcin i stem
(Graminis rhizoma) infecii urogenitale
Rafsanjany N, Lechtenberg M, Petereit F, Hensel A. - Antiadhesion as a functional concept for
protection against uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC): in vitro studies with traditionally used
plants with antiadhesive activity against uropathognic Escherichia coli. - J Ethnopharmacol. 2013
Jan 30;145(2):591-7.
[] While direct cytotoxicity of the extracts (1-2000 g/mL) against UPEC and T24 (a
bladder cell line) cells was excluded significant antiadhesive effects were monitored
for five plant extracts. Two of them, prepared from the rhizome of Agropyron repens
L. and the stigmata of Zea mays L. decreased bacterial adhesion (IC(25) 630 g/mL,
IC(50) 1040 g/mL, resp.) by interacting with bacterial outer membrane proteins,
which was shown by pretreatment of UPEC. Preparations of three plant extracts from
the leaves of Betula spp. [], Orthosiphon stamineus BENTH. and Urtica spp. showed
antiadhesive effects by interacting with T24 [bladder] cells (IC(50) 415, 1330 g/mL,
resp. IC(25) 580 g/mL). Combination of two extracts, one interacting with the
bacterial surface (Zea mays L., Agropyron repens L.) and one with the eukaryotic target
(Orthosiphon stamineus BENTH.) revealed synergistic effects, as shown by strongly
decreased IC(50) values (131 g/mL, 511 g/mL, resp.). CONCLUSIONS: Different plant
extracts, traditionally used for UTI, exhibit antiadhesive effects against UPEC under in
vitro conditions. Molecular targets can be different, either on the bacterial or on the
host cell surface. Combination of these medicinal plants with different targets, as
observed often in phytotherapy, results in synergistic effects.
The aim of our study was to determine the influence of Betula pendula, Equisetum
arvense, Herniaria glabra, Galium odoratum, Urtica dioica, and Vaccinium vitis-idaea
extracts on bacterial survival and virulence factors involved in tissue colonization and
biofilm formation of the uropathogenic Escherichia coli rods. [] Antimicrobial assay
relied on the estimation of the colony forming unit number. Hydrophobicity of cells
was established by salt aggregation test. Using motility agar, the ability of bacteria to
move was examined. The erythrocyte hemagglutination test was used for fimbriae P
screening. Curli expression was determined using YESCA agar supplemented with
congo red. Quantification of biofilm formation was carried out using a microtiter
plate assay and a spectrophotometric method. The results of the study indicate
significant differences between investigated extracts in their antimicrobial activities.
The extracts of H. glabra and V. vitis-idaea showed the highest growth-inhibitory
effects (p < 0.05). Surface hydrophobicity of autoaggregating E. coli strain changed
after exposure to all plant extracts, except V. vitis-idaea (p > 0.05). The B. pendula
and U. dioica extracts significantly reduced the motility of the E. coli rods (p < 0.05).
All the extracts exhibited the anti-biofilm activity.
Arbutozid Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Ericaceae, strugurii ursului frunze (Uvae ursi folium) infecii urinare
The objective of this study was to screen extracts of twenty Eastern European
medicinal plants, using wild-type and reporter Chromobacterium violaceum
bioassays, for novel components that target bacterial cells and their quorum sensing
(QS) communication systems. Three types of activity and their combinations were
revealed: (i) direct antimicrobial growth-inhibitory activity, (ii) non-specific and
specific pro-QS activities, (iii) anti-QS activity. Among seven plant extracts showing
direct growth-inhibitory activity, the strongest effect was shown by Arctostaphylos
uva-ursi (bearberry) leaves. Many plants stimulated violacein production by wildtype C. violaceum ATCC 31532 in a non-specific manner, and only the herb Bidens
tripartita (three-lobe beggarticks) contained compounds that mimic acyl-homoserine
lactone and operated as a QS agonist. Anti-QS activity was found in eleven plants
including Quercus robur (oak) cortex, Betula verrucosa (birch) buds and Eucalyptus
viminalis (Manna Gum) leaves. Subsequent statistical analysis showed differences
between antimicrobial and anti-QS activities, whereas both activities were defined
by phylogenetic position of medical resource plant. Finally, extract from Quercus
robur cortex revealed at least two fractions, showing different anti-QS mechanisms.
These data confirm that multicomponent anti-infectious mechanisms are used by
plants, which may be useful for drug development.
The antimicrobial activity observed for the botanical extracts [] included both
bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against S. aureus. Highly effective botanicals
including Salvia officinalis, Eucalyptus globulus, Coleus forskohlii, Coptis chinensis,
Turnera diffusa, and Larrea tridentata exhibited MIC values ranging from 60 to
300g/mL and a 10(6)-fold reduction in bacterial replication. Arctostaphylos uvaursi and Allium sativum were slightly less effective, exhibiting MIC values ranging
from 90 to 400g/mL and a 10(5)-fold reduction [] Our data demonstrate that S.
officinalis, E. globulus, C. forskohlii, A. uva-ursi, C. chinensis, T. diffusa, A. californica,
A. sativum, and L. tridentata all show promising direct antimicrobial activity against
S. aureus. For many of these botanicals, strong bactericidal activity was observed at
higher concentrations, but even at lower concentrations, bacteriostatic activity was
evident. Other botanicals including B. vulgaris, Baptisia tinctoria, and Glycyrrhiza
glabra showed moderate activity against S. aureus, while Schisandra chinensis,
Echinacea angustifolia, and Polygonum multiflorum were shown to be ineffective.
Camfor
Eucalipt
Lcrmioar
Hidrocarburi monoterpenice UE de pin Pinus silvestris, Pinaceae, pin, frunze infecii respiratorii
Ulukanli Z, Karabrkl S, Bozok F, Ates B, Erdogan S, Cenet M, Karaaslan MG Chemical composition, antimicrobial, insecticidal, phytotoxic and antioxidant activities of
Mediterranean Pinus brutia and Pinus pinea resin essential oils.- Chin J Nat Med. 2014
Dec;12(12):901-10.
Essential oils of the resins of Pinus brutia and Pinus pinea were evaluated for their
biological potential. Essential oils were characterized using GC-MS and GC/FID. in
vitro antimicrobial, phytotoxic, antioxidant, and insecticidal activities were carried
out using the direct contact and the fumigant assays, respectively. The chemical
profile of the essential oils of the resins of P. pinea and P. brutia included mainly pinene (21.39% and 25.40%), -pinene (9.68% and 9.69%), and caryophyllene (9.12%
and 4.81%). The essential oils of P. pinea and P. brutia exerted notable antimicrobial
activities on Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis, insecticidal activities on
Ephestia kuehniella eggs, phytotoxic activities on Lactuca sativa, Lepidium sativum,
and Portulaca oleracea, as well as antioxidant potential. Indications of the biological
activities of the essential oils suggest their use in the formulation of ecofriendly and
biocompatible pharmaceuticals.
Hidrocarburi monoterpenice UE de pin Pinus silvestris, Pinaceae, pin, frunze infecii respiratorii
Karapandzova M, Stefkova G, Cvetkovikj I, Trajkovska-Dokik E, Kaftandzieva A, Kulevanova S. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Pinus peuce (Pinaceae)
growing wild in R. Macedonia. - Nat Prod Commun. 2014 Nov;9(11):1623-8.
The major components in twigs with needles (T+N) and twigs without needles (T-N)
oils were monoterpenes: -pinene (23.8-39.9%, 21.2-23.3%), camphene (2.2-5.5%,
0.7-2.0%), -pinene (10.1-17.1%, 8.2-16.4%), myrcene (1.2-1.41%, 1.6-2.5%),
limonene+-phellandrene (6.8-14.0%, 8.8-23.6%) and bornyl acetate (2.3-6.9%, 1.13.4%), followed by the sesquiterpenes: trans-(E)-caryophyllene (3.6-4.3%, 3.2-7.3%),
germacrene D (7.1-9.5%, 5.0-10.3%) and -cadinene (2.1-3.1%, 3.3-4.2%,
respectively). [] T-N essential oils showed antimicrobial activity toward
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Candida
albicans as well as Streptococcus agalactiae, Acinetobacter spp. and Haemophilus
influenzae. The antimicrobial activity of T+N essential oils was greater, especially
against Streptococcus agalactiae, S. pyogenes, Enterococcus and Candida albicans,
followed by Haemophilus influenzae, Acinetobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella
enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis. Minimal inhibitory
concentrations (MICs) of all tested essential oils ranged from 15-125 L/mL. [] the
antimicrobial activity of Pinus peuce T+N and T-N essential oils [] varied
considerably. [] attributed to the differences in the quantitative composition and
percentage amounts of the components [], although [] there were no differences
in the qualitative composition of the essential oils, regardless of the locality of
collection, or the type of plant material (T+N or T-N).
Hidrocarburi monoterpenice Juniperus communis, Cupresaceae, ienupr - UE extras din fructe (UE de
ienupr) infecii respiratorii, digestive, urinare
Meng X, Li D, Zhou D, Wang D, Liu Q, Fan S. - Chemical composition, antibacterial activity and
related mechanism of the essential oil from the leaves of Juniperus rigida Sieb. et Zucc against
Klebsiella pneumoniae. - J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Oct 18. pii: S0378-8741(16)31394-0.
61 components were identified from the essential oil. Caryophyllene (13.11%) and Caryophyllene (11.72%) were found to be the major components. The antibacterial
activities of the essential oil were screened and compared against 10 bacteria. The
essential oil showed good antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae, with the
biggest diameters of inhibition zones (DIZ) (16.000.25 mm) and the lowest MIC and
MBC values of 3.125mg/mL. The increase in proteins, 260nm absorbing materials of
bacterial cells suspension indicated that the cytoplasmic membranes were broken
by the essential oil. The SDS-PAGE [sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis ] of bacterial proteins demonstrated that the essential oil could
damage bacterial cells through the destruction of cellular proteins. Scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the essential oil damaged the morphology of
cell wall and membrane. CONCLUSIONS: The essential oil of J. rigida has potential
antibacterial activities against K. pneumoniae. The antibacterial mechanism is the
essential oil causing the irreversible damage to the cell wall and membrane, leading
to the leakage of proteins and 260nm absorbing materials (DNA and RNA). []
Alves S, Duarte A, Sousa S, Domingues FC. - Study of the major essential oil
compounds of Coriandrum sativum against Acinetobacter baumannii and the effect
of linalool on adhesion, biofilms and quorum sensing. - Biofouling. 2016
Feb;32(2):155-65.
Essential oils were tested for their ability to inhibit E. coli growth in disc diffusion
assays and in liquid culture, and to kill E. coli in a zone of clearance assay. Extracts of
coriander, lemon balm and spearmint leaves were tested for their antibacterial
activity in the disc diffusion assay. Most of the oils exhibited antibacterial activity in all
three assays, however peppermint, lemon balm and coriander seed oils were most
potent, with peppermint and coriander seed oils being more potent than the antibiotic
rifaximin in the disc diffusion assay. The compounds present in these oils were
identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Finally, extracts were made of
spearmint, lemon balm and coriander leaves with various solvents and these were
tested for their antibacterial activity against E. coliin the disc diffusion assay. In each
case, extracts made with ethanol and methanol exhibited potent antibacterial
activity. Conclusions: Many of the essential oils had antibacterial activity in the three
assays, suggesting that they would be good candidates for testing in clinical trials. The
observed antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of coriander, lemon balm and
spearmint leaves suggests a mechanistic explanation for the efficacy of a mixture of
coriander, lemon balm and mint extracts against IBS in a published clinical trial.
Infectious diseases remain among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality
worldwide, mainly because of the increase of resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs.
Nature is the major source of anti-infective drugs and could represent a font of
medicines that may help overcome antibiotic resistance. Recently, the potential
antimicrobial effect of certain plant extracts has attracted attention within the
scientific community as alternatives to synthetic drugs. Here, we present a systematic
review on the anti-infective properties of bergamot derivatives that highlight the
activity of bergamot essential oil against bacteria, mycetes and larvae, as well as the
anti-Helicobacter pylori effect of bergamot juice and the antimicrobial properties of
extracts from bergamot peel. Findings presented herein could be used to develop
novel and alternative preventive and therapeutic strategies aimed to overcome
antibiotic resistance.
Neroli essential oil is extracted from the fragrant blossoms of the bitter orange tree. It
is one of the most widely used floral oils in perfumery. In this study chemical
composition and in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of neroli oil are
investigated. The essential oil of fresh Citrus aurantium L. Flowers (Neroli oil)
cultivated in North East of Tunisia (Nabeul) were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS.
About 33 compounds were identified, representing 99% of the total oil. Limonene
(27.5%) was the main component followed by (E)-nerolidol (17.5%), alpha-terpineol
(14%), alpha-terpinyl acetate (11.7%) and (E, E)-farnesol (8%). Antimicrobial activity
was determined by Agar-well-diffusion method against 6 bacteria (3 Gram-positive and
3 Gram-negative), 2 yeasts and 3 fungi. Neroli oil exhibited a marked antibacterial
activity especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, Neroli oil exhibited a
very strong antifungal activity compared with the standard antibiotic (Nystatin) as
evidenced by their inhibition zones. Antioxidant activity determined by ABTS assay
showed IC50 values of 672 mg L(-1). Finally, this study may be considered as the first
report on the biological properties of this essential oil. The results of this study have
provided a starting point for the investigations to exploit new natural substances
present in the essential oil of C. aurantium L. flowers.
Ajutat de
trandafir,
individul
nelege c
loviturile
sorii sunt
ineluctabile,
dar reuete
ca, n mijlocul
patimilor, s
perceap
bucuria vieii.
Rosa damascena Mill. a plant from Rosaceae family is traditionally used for treatment
of many disorders especially against infectious diseases. The antimicrobial activity of R.
damascena oil was determined against a large number of microorganisms including
Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, yeast and filamentous by micro broth
dilution assay. The oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Chemical composition of oil
revealed the presence of -citronellol (48.2 %), geraniol (17.0 %), -phenylethyl
benzoate (5.4 %) and phenyl ethyl alcohol (5.1 %) as the main components. The MIC
values of oil were in the ranges of 0.1251 l/ml. Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus
faecium, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were less sensitive to
R. damascena oil. The oil exhibited the antimicrobial activity against a large number of
microorganisms especially against Proteus vulgaris and Klebsiella pneumonia. This oil
could be used as a natural antimicrobial agent in treatment of infectious diseases; more
clinical studies should be done for demonstration of its efficacy.
Ajutat de ment,
individul nelege
c detaarea nu
se construiete
prin izolarea de
lume, ci prin
totala cufundare
n clocotitorul ei
tumult, urmat
de sublimare i
transcendere
Antifungal: Studies show that EOs exhibit fungistatic and fungicidal activities against
both the standard and clinical strains of Candida species at concentrations ranging
from 0.5 to 8 L/mL. EOs exhibit similar antifungal effect against the azole-resistant
and azole-susceptible strains
Antibiofilm: Biofilm inhibition in fungal strains helps to decrease pathogenesis and
drug resistance. Studies show that EO inhibits the biofilm formation of Candida
albicans completely up to 2 l/ml in a dose-dependent manner.
[Saharkhiz MJ, Motamedi M, Zomorodian K, Pakshir K, Miri R, Hemyari K. Chemical composition,
antifungal and antibiofilm activities of the essential oil of Mentha piperita L. ISRN Pharm 2012.
2012 718645.]
This study investigated the chemical composition and evaluated the antioxidant,
antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anti-acetylcholinesterase properties of Tunisian Origanum
majorana essential oil. The findings showed that the oil exhibited high activity,
particularly in terms of reducing power and -Carotene bleaching, inducing higher
IC50 values than BHT. The oil showed an important antimicrobial activity against 25
bacterial and fungal strains. In fact, the IZ, MIC and MBC values recorded for the
bacterial strains were in the range of 8 0-18.33 0.57 mm, 0.097-3.125 and 0.396.25 mg/mL, respectively. The IZ, MIC and MFC values of the fungal strains varied
between 110-28 0 mm, 0.058-0.468 mg/mL and 0.234-1.875 mg/mL, respectively. A
low cytotoxic effect was observed against cancer (Hep-2 and HT29) and continuous cell
lineage (Vero), with CC50 values ranging from 13.73 to 85.63 mg/mL. The oil was also
evaluated for anti-acetylcholinesterase effects, which showed that it exhibited
significant activity with IC50 values reaching 150.33 2.02 g/mL
[Monika Sienkiewicz, Monika ysakowska, Pawe Denys, and Edward Kowalczyk. Microbial Drug
Resistance. April 2012, 18(2): 137-148. doi:10.1089/mdr.2011.0080.]
Aim: The aim of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of thyme
essential oil against clinical multidrug resistant strains of Staphylococcus,
Enterococcus, Escherichia, and Pseudomonas genus.
Materials: The antibacterial activity of oil was tested against standard strains
of bacteria and 120 clinical strains isolated from patients with infections of the
oral cavity, abdominal cavity, respiratory and genitourinary tracts, skin, and
from the hospital environment.
Methods: Agar diffusion was used to determine the microbial growth
inhibition of bacterial growth at various concentrations of oil from Thymus
vulgaris. Susceptibility testing to antibiotics was carried out using disk
diffusion.
Results: Thyme essential oil strongly inhibited the growth of the clinical strains
of bacteria tested.
Conclusions: The use of phytopharmaceuticals based on an investigated
essential oil from thyme in the prevention and treatment of various human
infections may be reasonable.
The result of the present study showed that Thymus vulgaris has
antibacterial activities against Gram positive and negative pathogenic
bacteria. "Our results supported the results of advanced studies that
used Thymus spp. extracts as antimicrobial agents depend on presence
of both thyme essential oil and thymol. Also, these studies suggested
use of thyme as an antibiotic. Thymol is 25 times as effective as phenol,
but less toxic." [The Internet Journal of Nutrition and Wellness 2007 : Volume 4 Number 1]
The antiviral effect of aqueous extracts from species of the lamiaceae
family against Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and type 2 in vitro.
"Both types of Herpes virus including ACVres were considerably
neutralized after treatment with the extracts prior to infection. At
maximum non-cytotoxic concentrations of the extracts, plaque
formation was significantly reduced by > 90% for HSV-1 and HSV-2 and >
85 % for ACVres. Therefore, the extracts exert their antiviral effect on
free HSV and offer a chance to use them for topical therapeutic
application against recurrent Herpes infections." [Journal Title: Planta medica,
ISSN 0032-0943 CODEN PLMEAA 2006, vol. 72, no15, pp. 1378-1382]
[] Five essential oils were obtained from Tunisian plants (EOtun): Artemisia
herba-alba Asso, Juniperus phoenicea L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Ruta
graveolens L. and Thymus vulgaris L., whereas others were commercial
products (EOcom). Overall, T. vulgaris EOtun was the most efficient EO against
both bacteria (Gram negative: MIC0.34 mg/mL; Gram positive: MIC0.70
mg/mL) and fungi (yeasts: MIC0.55 mg/mL; mould: MIC=0.30 mg/mL;
dermatophytes: MIC0.07 mg/mL). Two EOcom displayed both acceptable
antibacterial and antifungal potency, although weaker than T. vulgaris EOtun
activity: Origanum vulgare EOcom (bacteria: MIC1.13 mg/mL, fungi:
MIC1.80 mg/mL), and Cymbopogon martinii var. motia EOcom (bacteria:
MIC1.00 mg/mL, fungi: MIC0.80 mg/mL). Bacillus megaterium, Legionella
pneumophila, Listeria monocytogenes and Trichophyton spp. were the most
sensitive species to both EOcom and EOtun. This study demonstrated the
noteworthy antimicrobial activity of two commercial EOs and points out the
remarkable efficiency of T. vulgaris EOtun on all tested bacterial and fungal
species, certainly associated with its high content in carvacrol (85 %). These
three oils could thus represent promising candidates for applications in water
and food protections.
Essential oils (EOs) are known to inhibit the growth of a wide range of microorganisms.
Particularly interesting is the possible use of EOs to treat multidrug-resistant cystic
fibrosis (CF) pathogens. We tested the essential oil (EO) from Origanum vulgare for in
vitro antimicrobial activity, against three of the major human opportunistic pathogens
responsible for respiratory infections in CF patients; these are methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Achromobacter
xylosoxidans. Antibiotic susceptibility of each strain was previously tested by the
standard disk diffusion method. Most strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics and
could be defined as multi-drug-resistant (MDR). The antibacterial activity of O.
vulgare EO (OEO) against a panel of 59 bacterial strains was evaluated, with MIC and
MBC determined at 24, 48 and 72 hours by a microdilution method. The OEO was
effective against all tested strains, although to a different extent. The MBC and MIC of
OEO for S. aureus strains were either lower or equal to 0.50%, v/v, for A. xylosoxidans
strains were lower or equal to 1% and 0.50%, v/v, respectively; and for S. maltophilia
strains were lower or equal to 0.25%, v/v. The results from this study suggest that OEO
might exert a role as an antimicrobial in the treatment of CF infections.
Ajutat de salvie,
individul nva si tempereze
emoiie excesive,
s le dea glasul
nobil al luciditii
i s le exprime
resorbite n
nelepciunea
creativitii.
Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms, responsible for more than 60%
of the chronic human infections and they represent one of the leading concerns in
medicine. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is human pathogenic bacteria which causes
numerous diseases and is known for its ability to produce biofilm. Ocimum basilicum L.
(basil) and Salvia officinalis L. (sage) are widely used plants in traditional medicine for
the treatment of different conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to
investigate the potential of basil and sage essential oils against P. aeruginosa biofilm
producing strains. The efficacy of two essential oils on P. aeruginosa biofilm forming
ability was determined using crystal violet method. Out of 15 strains isolated from
different clinical biological samples, two were strong, 11 moderate and one weak
biofilm producer. Good efficacy of sage essential oil towards strong and weak biofilm
producers, but not of basil essential oil, was observed. In the case of moderate biofilm
producers, 81.8% showed lower biofilm production after incubation with the sage oil,
while 63.6% showed the reduction of biofilm production after basil essential oil
treatment. The obtained results showed high potential of both oils for the treatment
of persistent infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.
Cetone monoterpenice UE de salvie (iarba Sf. Ioan), Salvia Sclarea, Lamiaceae UE extras
din frunze i din somitile florale
Sienkiewicz M, Gowacka A, Poznaska-Kurowska K, Kaszuba A, Urbaniak A, Kowalczyk E. - The
effect of clary sage oil on staphylococci responsible for wound infections. - Postepy Dermatol
Alergol. 2015 Feb;32(1):21-6.
Oxizi monoterpenici UE de niaouli (Gomenol), Melaleuca viridiflora, Myrtaceae UE extras din frunze (Gomenol) infecii respiratorii, digestive, genitourinare
Oxizi monoterpenici tea-tree EO, Melaleuca alternifolia, Myrtaceae - UE extras din frunze
infecii respiratorii, digestive, genitourinare
Study population Study type Treatment groups (no. of evaluable patients) Administration
of treatment Outcomes Adverse events Reference
124 patients with mild to moderate acne RCT, investigator blinded 5% TTO gel (58), 5%
benzoyl peroxide (61) 3 mo Both significantly reduced inflamed lesions (P < 0.001) but BP
better than TTO (P < 0.05); BP better at reducing oiliness (P < 0.02); less scaling (P < 0.02),
pruritis (P < 0.05), dryness (P < 0.001) with TTO; treatments equivalent for noninflamed lesions,
erythema 27 (44%) in TTO group, 50 (79%) in BP group (e.g., dryness, stinging, burning,
redness); significantly fewer events in TTO group (P < 0.001) [Bassett, I. B., D. L. Pannowitz,
and R. S. Barnetson. 1990. A comparative study of tea-tree oil versus benzoylperoxide in the
treatment of acne. Med. J. Aust. 153:455-458. ]
18 patients with recurrent herpes labialis (cold sores) RCT, investigator blinded 6% TTO gel
(9), placebo gel (9) 5 times daily Median time to reepithelization of 9 days for TTO vs 12.5
days for placebo (not significant) 1 in TTO group (event not stated) [ Carson, C. F., L. Ashton,
L. Dry, D. W. Smith, and T. V. Riley. Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil gel (6%) for the treatment
of recurrent herpes labialis. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2001;48:450-451.]
126 patients with mild to moderate dandruff RCT, investigator blinded 5% TTO shampoo
(63), placebo shampoo (62) Daily for 4 wk Whole scalp lesion score significantly improved in
TTO group (41.2%) compared to placebo group (11.2%) (P < 0.001) 3 (5%) in TTO group, 8
(13%) in placebo group (e.g., mild burning, stinging, itching) [Satchell, A. C., A. Saurajen, C.
Bell, and R. S. Barnetson. 2002. Treatment of dandruff with 5% tea tree oil shampoo. J. Am.
Acad. Dermatol. 47:852-855.]
Oxizi monoterpenici tea-tree EO, Melaleuca alternifolia, Myrtaceae - UE extras din frunze
infecii respiratorii, digestive, genitourinare
Study population Study type Treatment groups (no. of evaluable patients) Administration
of treatment Outcomes Adverse events Reference
30 hospital inpatients colonized or infected with MRSA Randomized, controlled pilot study
4% TTO nasal ointment + 5% TTO body wash (15), 2% mupirocin nasal ointment + Triclosan
body wash (15) Frequency not stated, minimum of 3 days
For TTO, 33% cleared, 20% chronic, 47% incomplete; for routine treatment, 3% cleared, 53%
chronic, 33% incomplete (no significant differences)
With TTO nasal ointment (no. not stated), mild swelling of nasal mucosa to acute burning
[Caelli, M., J. Porteous, C. F. Carson, R. Heller, and T. V. Riley.2000. Tea tree oil as an alternative
topical decolonization agent for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J. Hosp. Infect.
46:236-237.]
236 hospital patients colonized with MRSA RCT
10% TTO cream + 5% TTO body wash (110), 2% mupirocin nasal ointment + 4% Triclosan body
wash + 1% silver sulfadiazine cream (114) Once daily for 5 days
For TTO, 41% cleared; for routine treatment, 49% cleared; treatment regimens did not differ
significantly (P = 0.0286); mupirocin significantly better than TTO at clearing nasal carriage (P=
0.0001)
None
[Dryden, M. S., S. Dailly, and M. Crouch. 2004. A randomized, controlled trial of tea tree
topical preparations versus a standard topical regimen for the clearance of MRSA colonization. J.
Hosp. Infect.56:283-286.]
Oxizi monoterpenici tea-tree EO, Melaleuca alternifolia, Myrtaceae - UE extras din frunze
infecii respiratorii, digestive, genitourinare
Study population Study type Treatment groups (no. of evaluable patients) Administration
of treatment Outcomes Adverse events Reference
117 patients with culture-positive onychomycosis RCT, double blind
100% TTO (64), 1% clotrimazole (53) Twice daily for 6 mo
Full or partial resolution for 60% of TTO and 61% of clotrimazole patients after 6 months of
therapy (not significant; P > 0.05)
5 (7.8%) in TTO group, 3 (5.7%) in clotrimazole group (erythema, irritation, edema)
[Buck, D. S., D. M. Nidorf, and J. G. Addino. 1994. Comparison of two topical preparations for
the treatment of onychomycosis: Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil and clotrimazole. J. Fam.
Pract. 38:601-605.]
60 outpatients with a clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis RCT, double blind
2% butenafine hydrochloride with 5% TTO cream (40), 5% TTO cream (20) 3 times daily for 8
wk
Cure in 80% of butenafine/TTO group and 0% of TTO group (P < 0.0001)
4 (10%) in butenafine/TTO group (mild inflammation)
[Syed, T. A., Z. A. Qureshi, S. M. Ali, S. Ahmad, and S. A. Ahmad. 1999. Treatment of toenail
onychomycosis with 2% butenafine and 5% Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil in cream. Trop.
Med. Int. Health 4:284-287. ]
Oxizi monoterpenici tea-tree EO, Melaleuca alternifolia, Myrtaceae - UE extras din frunze
infecii respiratorii, digestive, genitourinare
Study population Study type Treatment groups (no. of evaluable patients) Administration
of treatment Outcomes Adverse events Reference
13 patients with AIDS and fluconazole-refractory oral candidiasis Case series
Melaleuca oral solution (15 ml) (12) 4 times daily for 2-4 wk
Clinical response rate of 67% after 4 weeks (cure in 2 patients, improvement in 6 patients, no
response in 4 patients, 1 deterioration)
None
[Jandourek, A., J. K. Vaishampayan, and J. A. Vazquez. 1998. Efficacy of melaleuca oral solution
for the treatment of fluconazole refractory oral candidiasis in AIDS patients. AIDS 12:1033-1037.]
27 patients with AIDS and fluconazole-refractory oral candidiasis Open-label trial
Melaleuca oral solution (15 ml) (12), alcohol-free melaleuca oral solution (5 ml)c(13) 4 times
daily for 2-4 wk
Mycological and clinical response in 58% (alcohol-based solution) and 54% (alcohol-free
solution) of patients after 4 wk
8 (66.7%) in alcohol-based solution group, 2 (15.4%) in alcohol-free solution group (mild to
moderate burning)
[ Vazquez, J. A., and A. A. Zawawi. 2002. Efficacy of alcohol-based and alcohol-free melaleuca
oral solution for the treatment of fluconazole-refractory oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients
with AIDS.HIV Clin. Trials 3:379-385.]
Clove oil and its main content eugenol also reduce the quantity of ergosterol, which is a specific
component of fungal cell membrane. Germ tube formation by C. albicans is also inhibited
[into E, Vale-Silva L, Cavaleiro C, Salgueiro L. Antifungal activity of the clove essential oil from
Syzygium aromaticum on Candida, Aspergillus and dermatophyte species. J Med Microbiol.
2009;58:145462.]
Antibacterial: It was found to possess inhibitory effect on multi-resistant Staphylococcus spp.
[Chaieb K, Hajlaoui H, Zmantar T, Kahla-Nakbi AB, Rouabhia M, Mahdouani K, et al. The chemical
composition and biological activity of clove essential oil, Eugenia caryophyllata (Syzigium
aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): A short review. Phytother Res. 2007;21:5016.]
We aimed to evaluate the effects of Pimpinella anisum (anise) from Apiaceae family
on relieving the symptoms of postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) in this doubleblind randomized clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Totally, 107 patients
attending the gastroenterology clinic, aged 18-65 years, diagnosed with PDS according
to ROME III criteria and signed a written consent form were enrolled. They were
randomized to receive either anise or placebo, blindly, for 4 weeks. Anise group
included 47 patients and received anise powders, 3 g after each meal (3 times/day).
Control group involved 60 patients and received placebo powders (corn starch), 3
gafter each meal (3 times/day). The severity of Functional dyspepsia (FD) symptoms
was assessed by FD severity scale. Assessments were done at baseline and by the end
of weeks 2, 4 and 12. Mean scores of severity of FD symptoms and the frequency
distribution of patients across the study period were compared. RESULTS: The age, sex,
body mass index, smoking history, and coffee drinking pattern of the intervention and
control groups were not significantly different. Mean (standard deviation) total scores
of FD severity scale before intervention in the anise and control groups were 10.6
(4.1) and 10.96 (4.1), respectively (P = 0.6). They were 7.04 (4.1) and 12.30 (4.3) by
week 2, respectively (P = 0.0001), 2.44 (4.2) and 13.05 (5.2) by week 4, respectively (P
= 0.0001), and 1.08 (3.8) and 13.30 (6.2) by week 12, respectively (P = 0.0001).
Essential oils from anise, hyssop, thyme, ginger, camomile and sandalwood were
screened for their inhibitory effect against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in vitro
on RC-37 cells using a plaque reduction assay. Genital herpes is a chronic, persistent
infection spreading efficiently and silently as sexually transmitted disease through the
population. Antiviral agents currently applied for the treatment of herpesvirus
infections include acyclovir and its derivatives. The inhibitory concentrations (IC50)
were determined at 0.016%, 0.0075%, 0.007%, 0.004%, 0.003% and 0.0015% for anise
oil, hyssop oil, thyme oil, ginger oil, camomile oil and sandalwood oil, respectively. A
clearly dose-dependent virucidal activity against HSV-2 could be demonstrated for all
essential oils tested. In order to determine the mode of the inhibitory effect, essential
oils were added at different stages during the viral infection cycle. At maximum
noncytotoxic concentrations of the essential oils, plaque formation was significantly
reduced by more than 90% when HSV-2 was preincubated with hyssop oil, thyme oil or
ginger oil. However, no inhibitory effect could be observed when the essential oils
were added to the cells prior to infection with HSV-2 or after the adsorption period.
These results indicate that essential oils affected HSV-2 mainly before adsorption
probably by interacting with the viral envelope. Camomile oil exhibited a high
selectivity index and seems to be a promising candidate for topical therapeutic
application as virucidal agents for treatment of herpes genitalis.
Busuiocul
aduce
elevare,
mpcare,
imunitate,
transcendere
Chiang Lien-Chai; Ng Lean-Teik; Cheng Pei-Win; Chiang Win; Lin Chun-Ching Antiviral activities
of extracts and selected pure constituents of Ocimum basilicum. Clinical and experimental
pharmacology & physiology 2005;32(10):811-6.
ndrumat de
scorioar,
individul i
dezvolt
capacitatea de
a nelege
lucrurile i
evenimentele
prin asimilarea
lor empatic.
The antibacterial activity of guava (Psidium guajava) and neem (Azadirachta indica)
extracts against 21 strains of foodborne pathogens were determined--Listeria
monocytogenes (5 strains), Staphylococcus aureus (4 strains), Escherichia coli O157:H7
(6 strains), Salmonella Enteritidis (4 strains), Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Bacillus
cereus, and five food spoilage bacteria: Pseudomonas aeroginosa, P. putida,
Alcaligenes faecalis, and Aeromonas hydrophila (2 strains). Guava and neem extracts
showed higher antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria compared to
Gram-negative bacteria except for V. parahaemolyticus, P. aeroginosa, and A.
hydrophila. None of the extracts showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli O157:H7
and Salmonella Enteritidis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanol
extracts of guava showed the highest inhibition for L. monocytogenes [], S. aureus
[], and V. parahaemolyticus [](0.1 mg/mL) and the lowest inhibition for Alcaligenes
faecalis [], Aeromonas hydrophila [], and A. hydrophila [](4.0 mg/mL). The MIC of
chloroform extracts of neem showed inhibition for L. monocytogenes [] (4.0-5.0
mg/mL). However, ethanol extracts of neem showed higher inhibition for S. aureus []
(4.5 mg/mL) and the lower inhibition for other microorganisms (6.5 mg/mL). [] guava
and neem extracts possess compounds containing antibacterial properties that can
potentially be useful to control foodborne pathogens and spoilage organisms.
The antibacterial activity of the bark, leaf, seed and fruit extracts of Azadirachta indica
(neem) on bacteria isolated from adult mouth was carried out using agar- well
diffusion method. The test bacteria were isolated from patients attending Usmanu
Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto. The bark and leaf
extracts showed antibacterial activity against all the test bacteria used. The zone of
inhibition increased with increase in concentrations of the extracts. The seed and fruit
extracts showed antibacterial activity only at higher concentrations. The results,
therefore, confirm the traditional use of neem in maintaining oral hygiene.
Nirtetralin B, a new lignan [], is isolated from Phyllanthus niruri L. This plant has long
been used in folk medicine for liver protection and antihepatitis B in many Asian
countries. This study was designed to evaluate the anti-hepatitis B virus activity of
nirtetralin B using HepG2.2.15 cells and duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) infected ducks as
in vitro and in vivo models. M&M: [] the anti-hepatitis B virus activity was evaluated
both in vitro and in vivo. The human HBV-transfected liver cell line HepG2.2.15 was
used in vitro assay. And the in vivo anti-hepatitis B virus activity was evaluated on the
expression of HBV replication, HBsAg, HBeAg, ALT and AST on day 0, 7, 14, 17 after
nirtetralin B was dosed intragastricly (i.g.) once a day for 14 days at the dosages of 25,
50 and 100mg/kg/day in the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) infected ducks. RESULTS: In
the human HBV-transfected liver cell line HepG2.2.15, nirtetralin B effectively
suppressed the secretion of the HBV antigens in a dose-dependent manner with IC50
values for HBsAg of 17.4M, IC50 values for HBeAg of 63.9M. In DHBV-infected
ducklings, nirtetralin B significantly reduced the serum DHBV DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg, ALT
and AST. An analysis of the liver pathological changes confirmed the hepatoprotective
effect of nirtetralin B. CONCLUSION: The experimental data demonstrated that
nirtetralin B exhibits anti-hepatitis B virus activity both in vitro and in vivo.
Compui cu sulf Allium sativum, Alliaceae, usturoi bulbul infecii respiratorii, gardioz
Ponmurugan Karuppiah, and Shyamkumar Rajaram - Antibacterial effect of Allium sativum
cloves and Zingiber officinale rhizomes against multiple-drug resistant clinical pathogens Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012 Aug; 2(8): 597601
Compui cu sulf Allium sativum, Alliaceae, usturoi bulbul infecii respiratorii, gardioz
Xiaonan Lu, Barbara A. Rasco, Dong-Hyun Kang, Jamie M.F. Jabal, D. Eric Aston, and Michael E.
Konkel - Infrared and Raman Spectroscopic Studies of the Antimicrobial Effects of Garlic
Concentrates and Diallyl Constituents on Foodborne Pathogens - Anal Chem. 2011 Jun 1; 83(11):
41374146
The antimicrobial effects of garlic (Allium sativum) extract (25, 50, 75, 100, and 200
l/ml) and diallyl sulfide (5, 10 and 20 M) on Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia
coli O157:H7 cultivated in tryptic soy broth at 4, 22 and 35C for up to 7 days were
investigated. L. monocytogenes was more resistant to garlic extract and diallyl
compounds treatment than E. coli O157:H7. Fourier transform Infrared (FT-IR)
spectroscopy indicated that diallyl constituents contributed more to the antimicrobial
effect than phenolic compounds. This effect was verified by Raman spectroscopy and
Raman mapping on single bacteria. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and
transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed cell membrane damage consistent
with spectroscopic observation. The degree of bacterial cell injury could be quantified
using chemometric methods.
Compui cu sulf Allium cepa, Alliaceae, ceap bulbul infecii respiratorii, infecii
supurative
Rini propolis = amestec rinos colectat de albine din mugurii foliari ai unor arbori
(pin, brad, plop, salcie etc.), folosit pentru sigilarea spaiilor deschise (crpturi, orificii
etc.) nedorite din pereii stupului, ca i pentru izolarea cadavrelor duntorilor intrui.
Propolis
J M Grange and R W Davey - Antibacterial properties of propolis (bee glue). - J R Soc Med. 1990
Mar; 83(3): 159160
Propolis (bee glue) was found to have antibacterial activity against a range of
commonly encountered cocci and Gram-positive rods, including the human tubercle
bacillus, but only limited activity against Gram-negative bacilli. These findings confirm
previous reports of antimicrobial properties of this material, possibly attributable to
its high flavonoid content.
Propolis
Silvana Alves de Carvalho Duailibe, Azizedite Guedes Gonalves, and Fernando Jorge Mendes
Ahid - EFFECT OF A PROPOLIS EXTRACT ON STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS COUNTS IN VIVO - J Appl
Oral Sci. 2007 Oct; 15(5): 420423
Uleiurile eseniale:
pot fi folosite n timpul infeciei acute pentru a evita antibioticele;
mai important: pentru a preveni recidivele, cnd metode mai puin agresive (precum
plantele cu arbutozid, albastru de metilen, metenamin) au euat.
Ar trebui folosite prin rotaie cteva uleiuri eseniale, de exemplu UE de ienupr, UE de
coriandru i UE de cimbru fiecare ar trebui administrat timp de 10 zile totaliznd un
interval de 30 de zile. Aceast schem de 30 de zile ar trebui repetat timp de cteva luni,
verificnd periodic eficiena prin uroculturi:
nti 10 zile UE de ienupr 10-15 picturi de 3 ori pe zi;
ulterior 10 zile UE de coriandru 10-15 picturi de 3 ori pe zi;
ulterior 10 zile UE de cimbru 5-10 picturi de 3 ori pe zi),.
Doza pe administrare stabilit n funcie de tolerana individual: administrarea de doze
crescute progresiv:
ncepnd cu o pictur pe administrare i crescnd cu o pictur pe administrare;
oprindu-ne la doza maxim tolerat confortabil de pacient, dar:
15 picturi pe administrare pentru UE de ienupr i pentru UE de coriandru;
10 picturi pe administrare pentru UE de cimbru;
aceast doz maxim ar trebui meninut pentru restul perioadei de 10 zile;
aceasta ar trebui s fie i doza folosit nc de la nceput n urmtoarele perioade de 30
de zile. La relurile ulterioare ale curei de 30 de zile de UE nu mai este necesar s fie
testat din nou tolerana pacientului.
Cele mai multe sunt virale antibioticele sunt inutile, dar pot fi folosite
uleiuri eseniale. Prima alegere ar trebui s fie Eucalypti aetheroleum (UE de
eucalipt) (este antibacterian i antiviral, antiinflamator, expectorant,
mucolitic) 10 picturi de 3 ori pe zi. Doze mai mici pot fi folosite dac acesta
nu este bine tolerat. UE poate fi luat pe miere sau zahr, dar nc i mai bine
este s fie luat ntr-un pahar de infuzie de plante expectorante i
antiinflamatoare. UE de eucalipt este cea mai bun alegere dac pacientul
i simte mintea ceoas/ tulbure;
Dac senzaia preponderent este de slbiciune, oboseal:
Pini aetheroleum (pin) poate fi o alegere mai bun (mai ales la diabetici);
Thymi aetheroleum (cimbru) dac este dorit un efect antiinfecios mai
puternic;
Rosmarini aetheroleum (rozmarin) tonic general i cardiotonic;
Cardamomi aetheroleum (cardamom) tonic, stimulant, stomahic,
carminativ, antispastic, antiinflamator, expectorant;
asociere cu agitaie, ngrijorare Basilici aetheroleum (busuioc)
antiinflamator, analgezic, imunomodulator, hipotensiv, neuroreglator.
se dorete efect afrodisiac: Cinnamomi aetheroleum (scorioar);
Splinua este o
invitaie la a fi