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AListofFilmsonInternationalRelations

InternationalRelationsonFilmbyRobertGregg.LynneReinner,1998.
PN1995.9.157/G74/1998.TheAppendix.

AcrossthePacific.1942.Dir.JohnHuston.WithHumphreyBogart,SydneyGreenstreet,MaryAstor.English.B
&W.98min.AfictionalJapaneseplantoattackthePanamaCanalalongwithPearlHarboronDecember7,1941,
isfoiledbyBogart,acounterspywhomustconcealhistruemissioninordertooutwitthefilm'svillain,a
Japanophilewhoiscovertlyservingasaspyfortheenemy.

AlamoBay.1985.Dir.LouisMalle.WithEdHarris,HoNguyen,AmyMadigan,DonaldMoffatt.English.
Color.99min.VietnameseshrimpersontheTexascoastfacediscriminationfromwhitefishermenwhoresent
theirpresenceandultimatelyresorttoviolencetodrivethemoutoftown.Filmprovidesadisturbingcommentary
ontheclashofculturesandracialprejudiceinwhatusedtobecalledAmerica'smeltingpot.

AlexanderNevsky.1938.Dir.SergeiEisenstein.WithNikolaiCherkasov,NikolaiOkhlopkov,AlexanderAbrikossov.
RussianwithEnglishsubtitles.B&W.108min.PropagandafilmaboutinvasionbyTeutonicknightsinthethirteenth
centurywasdesignedtomobilizeRussiannationalismintheperiodimmediatelypriortoWorldWarII.Nevsky
appealstothepeopletoriseupagainstthefoe,notjustasdefendersoftheirvillagesbutasRussians.

AllQuietontheWesternFront.1930.Dir.LewisMilestone.WithLewAyres,LouisWolheim.English.B&W.
132min.StillimpressiveadaptationofRemarque'santiwarnoveltakesplaceduringWorldWarIandfollowsa
groupofGermanrecruitsthroughtheirpassagefromidealismandenthusiasmforwartodisillusionmentand,for
many,deathinthetrenchesandcrateredbattlefieldsoftheWesternFront.

All the President's Men. 1976. Dir. Alan Pakula. With Robert Redford, Dustin Hoffman, Jason Robards, Hal
Holbrook. English. Color. 139 min. This story of the exposure of the Watergate breakin and subsequent
coverupbytwoWashingtonPostreportersfocusesattentionontheinvestigative journalism that has done so much
tomakeAmericansskepticalandevencynicalabouttheirnation'sinstitutions.
Apocalypse Now. 1979. Dir. Francis Ford Coppola. With Martin Sheen, Marlon Brando, Robert Duvall, Sam
Bottoms.English.Color.153min.CoppolapresentstheVietnamWarasasurrealandoftenterrifyingtripinto
Conrad's Heart of Darkness. The film both captures the "myriad horrors of the unexpected" in modern warfare
andmakesthisparticularwarseemutterlyfutileandaterriblewaste.
Ashes and Diamonds. 1958. Dir. Andrzej Wajda. With Zbigniew Cybulski, Eva Kryzerska, Adam Pawilkowski.
Polish with English subtitles. B & W. 105 min. Film takes place just as World War II is ending and Poland is
abouttoexchangeGermandominationforthatofaSovietsupportedcommunist regime. The "hero" represents the
disillusionmentofagenerationraisedonwar.

AtPlayintheFieldoftheLord.1991.Dir.HectorBabenco.WithTomBerenger,JohnLithgow,AldanQuinn,Daryl
Hannah, Kathy Bates. English. Color. 186 min. The plight of indigenous Indians in the Brazilian rain forest is the
film's focus developers want their land, Christian missionarieswanttheirsouls,andthewhiteman'sdiseases,for
whichtheyhavenoimmunity,decimatethetribe.

AuRevoirlesEnfants.1987.Dir.LouisMalle.WithGaspardManesse,RaphaelFejto,PhilippeMorierGenoud.
FrenchwithEnglishsubtitles.Color.82min.Malle'sautobiographicalfilmissetinaCatholicboardingschoolin
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FranceduringGermanoccupation.AnewpupilisJewish,afactthatgraduallybecomesknowntohisyoungfriend
andtoGermansoldiers,leadingtoatragicdenouement.

BattleofAlgiers.1966.Dir.GilloPontecorvo.WithYacefSaadi,JeanMartin,BrahimHaggiag.Frenchand
ArabicwithEnglishsubtitles.B&W.125min.PowerfultreatmentoftheAlgerianfightforindependencefrom
Franceisnoteworthyforitsrealistic,nearlydocumentarylook.Rarelyhasviolenceinthenameof
nationalism(andbythosedefendingthestatusquo)beensostrikinglyandmemorablycapturedonfilm.

BattleofBritain.1969.Dir.GuyHamilton.WithMichaelCaine,TrevorHoward,ChristopherPlummer,Laurence
Olivier,RalphRichardson,RobertShaw.English.Color.133min.Arecreationoftheairbattleinwhichthe
RAFrepelledtheLuftwaffeandsavedEnglandfrominvasion,thefilmisamongthosedemonstratingthefactthatby
1940theworldhadenteredtheageoftotalwar.

BeforetheRain.1994.Dir.MilchoManchevski.WithRadeSerbedzija,KatrinCartlidge,GregoireColin.
Macedonian,Albanian,andEnglishwithEnglishsubtitles.Color.112min.SetintheformerYugoslavrepublicof
Macedonia,thefilm'sthreeinterlockingstoriesmirrortheethnicandreligioushatredsthathaveravagedBosnia
andCroatiaandthreatentospreadtootherpartsoftheBalkantinderbox.

BeyondRangoon.1995.Dir.JohnBoorman.WithPatriciaArquette,UAungKo,FrancesMcDormand.
English.Colon100min.ThewelldocumentedviolationofhumanrightsbyBurma'sbrutalmilitaryregimeis
thefocusofthisfilm,inwhichayoungAmericandoctor,despondentinthewakeofapersonaltragedy,recoversa
senseofpurposeinherlifebyhelpingaBurmesedissidentescape.

BirdofParadise.1932.Dir.KingVidor.WithJoelMcRae,DeloresDelRio,JohnHalliday,RichardGallagher.
English.B&W.80min.AclassicexampleofEurocentricfilmmakingthatisembarrassingbytoday'sstandards,
Vidor'searlytalkieaboutaromancebetweenawhitesailorandaSouthSeaswomantakesforgrantedtheright
ofthecivilizedWesternworldtodominateexoticandprimitivepeoples.

BlackRain.1989.Dir.ShoheiImamura.WithYoshikoTanaka,KazuoKitamuro,EtsukoIshihara.Japanesewith
Englishsubtitles.B&W.123min.SoberaccountoftheaftermathoftheatomicbombingofHiroshimaconcentrateson
theshatteredlivesofafewofthesurvivors,mostofwhomsufferfromradiationsicknessandmanyofwhom
eventuallydie.Thefilmdoesnotpreach,butitdoesinvitereflectiononthemoralityofthedecisiontousethebomb.

BlackRobe.1991.Dir.BruceBeresford.WithLothaireBluteau,AdenYoung,SandrineHolt,TantooCardinal.
English.Colon101min.ThefilmconcernsaJesuitpriest'sepicseventeenthcenturyjourneythroughthe
CanadianwildernesstoconverttheHuronIndianstoChristianity.Itmakesavividstatementabouttheclashof
culturesduringthetimewhenEuropeanbeliefsandvalueswerebeingtransportedtootherpartsoftheworld.

BlackSunday.1977.Dir.JohnFrankenheimer.WithRobertShaw,BruceDern,MartheKeller.English.Colon143
min.Terrorismhasprovidedtheplotlinefornumerousfilms,amongthemthisstoryofafictionalattemptby
terroriststowreakhavocattheSuperBowl.Aswithmanysuchfilms,theconflictbetweenArabsandIsraelisand
theirsupportersisthecatalystforwhatweseeonscreen.

DasBoot.1981.Dir.WolfgangPetersen.WithJurgenProchnow,HerbertGronemeyer,KlausWennemann.English
(dubbed).Color.150min.TheclaustrophobicandoftendesperatenatureofsubmarinewarfareinWorldWarIIis
effectivelycapturedinthisGermanfilm,whichremindsusoftheongoingrevolutionintechnologyandits
consequencesfortheconductofwar.

TheBorder.1981.Dir.TonyRichardson.WithJackNicholson,HarveyKeitel,ElpidiaCarrillo.English.Color.107
min.TheborderofthetitleisthatoftheRioGranderiver,thesceneofaneverendingfloodofhumanityseekingto
crossoverintotheUnitedStatesfromMexico.Theconflictbetweencynicismandcorruptionandcompassionfor
humansufferingisattheheartofthisfilmaboutthedilemmaofillegalimmigration.

BornontheFourthofJuly.1989.Dir.OliverStone.WithTomCruise,WillemDafoe,KyraSedgwick.English.Color.
145min.Ayoung,gunghopatriot'sattitudestowardhiscountry'sinvolvementinVietnamundergoadramatic
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transformationwhenhereturnshomefromthewaraparaplegic.Thefilm'svalueliesinitsteatmentofthegrowing
antiwarsentimentintheUnitedStates,aphenomenonwhichshapedtheoutcomeofthatwarandU.S.foreignpolicy
postVietnam.

BreadandChocolate.1974,Dir.FrancoBrusati.WithNinoManfredi,AnnaKarina.ItalianwithEnglishsubtitles.
Color.112min.BittersweetcomedyinwhichanItalianworkerobtainsjobsinSwitzerlandinordertosupporthis
familybackhome.LikemanyguestworkersinEuropeinrecentdecades,hefindshimselfcaughtupinconflictsof
classandcultureinthispoignantlookataveryrealcontemporaryissue.

BreakerMorant.1979.Dir.BruceBeresford.WithEdwardWoodward,BryanBrown,JackThompson.English.Color,
107min.Acontroversialcourtmartialisthecenterpieceofthisfilm,setattheendoftheBoerWar.ThreeAustralian
soldiersareontrialforkillingaBoerprisoner,andweareaskedtoreflectonwhetheritispossibletomaintainsome
semblanceoflawandmoralityeveninthecontextofdehumanizingwarfare.

TheBridgeontheRiverKwai.1957.Dir.DavidLean.WithAlecGuiness,WilliamHolden,SessueHayakawa.
English.Color.162min.Britishprisonersofwar,undertheirproudcolonel'smisguidedleadership,buildarailway
bridgefortheirJapanesecaptorsinBurmaduringWorldWarII.TherelationshipbetweenthecolonelandtheJapanese
campcommanderisthemostintriguingpartofthisfilmaboutthemadnessofwar.

TheBurmeseHarp.1956.Dir.KonIchikawa.WithShojiYasui.JapanesewithEnglishsubtitles.B&W.116min.
AntiwarfilmfocusesonapatrolofJapanesesoldiersinBurmaatthecloseofWorldWarILInatributetchuman
dignityamidsttheunspeakablehorrorsofwar,oneofthesoldiersundergoesaspiritualconversionandundertakesthe
insurmountabletaskofburyinghiscountry'swardead.

Burn.1969.Dir.GilloPontecorvo.WithMarionBrando,EvaristoMarquez,RenatoSalvatori.English.Color.113
min.Filmexplorestheeconomicmotivationsofthecolonialpowers,inthiscaseEngland,whichfomentsarevolution
onaCaribbeanislandtofacilitatecaptureofthesugartradeandlaterrepressesthatrevolutionwhenitgetsoutofhand.
Thosewhoseetherootsofthefailureofdevelopmentincolonialismwillfindthisfilmespeciallycompelling.

TheBurningSeason.1994.Dir.JohnFrankenheimer.WithRaulJulia,SoniaBraga,JamesEdwardOlmos.English.
Color.123min.ThestoryofBrazilianlaborleaderChicoMendesandhisfighttopreservetheAmazonrainforestand
thejobsandwayoflifeoftherubbertoppersoffersthevieweradebatebetweenalternativedevelopmentstrategies.
Frankenheimersideswiththeenvironmentalists.

Cal.1984.Dir.PatO'Connor.WithHelenMirren,JohnLynch,DonalMcCann.English.Color.102min.Film
humanizesthelongrunningconflictbetweenCatholicsandProtestantsinNorthernIsland,focusingonaloveaffair
betweenalonelyCatholicboyandthewidowofamankilledbytheIRA.Itsdepictionofcivilstrifeinaplacethathas
knownlittlepeaceformanyyearsisadisturbingcontributiontofilmliteratureonnationalismanditscomplexities.

Casablanca.1942.Dir.MichaelCurtiz.WithHumphreyBogart,IngridBergman,ClaudeRains,PaulHenreid.English.
B&W.103min,FilmclassicismuchmorethanthestoryofaromantictrianglesetinthebackwatersofWorldWar
ILThesingingofthe"Marseillaise"isapowerfulevocationofnationalistsentiment,andtheintriguethattakesplaceat
Rick'scafeisareminderoftheconflictsthatoccupythegrayareabetweenpeaceandwar.

CasualtiesofWar.1989.Dir.BrianDePalma.WithSeanPenn,MichaelJ.Fox.English.Color.120min.Therapeand
murderofaninnocentgirlbyanAmericanpatrolinVietnamultimatelyresultsincourtsmartialofthesoldiers.En
routetothatdenouementwearemadeawareofhowfinethelineisbetweenmanandsavageinthemoralquagmireof
modernwarfare.

CityofJoy.1992.Dir.RolandJoffe.WithPatrickSwayze,PaulineCollins,OmPuri.English.Color.134min.Poverty
anditscausesandcuresarethefocusofthisfilmsetinCalcutta'sghetto.Ononesideisacorruptsystemthat
perpetuatesthemiseryofthepeopleontheotherisanAmericandoctorwhorunsafreeclinicandtriestoinspirethe
Indianstotakeback
theircity.

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ClearandPresentDanger.1994.Dir.PhillipNoyce.WithHarrisonFord,JamesEarlJones,WillemDafoe.English.
Color.141min.ACIAbackedparamilitaryforcelaunchesanattackontheColombiandrugcartels,andFord
ultimatelylaysresponsibilityforauthorizingtheattackonthepresidenthimself.Film'simportanceliesinits
commentaryonthethreatposedtostatesovereigntybyinternationaldrugtraffickingandontheissueofdeniabilityin
decisionmaking.

CloselyWatchedTrains.1966.Dir.JiriMenzel.WithVaclavNeckar,JosefSomr,JitkaBendova.CzechwithEnglish
subtitles.B&W.92min.Menzel'sfilm,setinGermanoccupiedCzechoslovakiaduringWorldWarII,isbothcomedy
andtragedy.Itsappealliesinitsdemonstrationthatlifegoesonandpeoplegrapplewithageoldproblemsevenunder
theshadowofwar'stensions.

ComeSeetheParadise.1990.Dir.AlanParker.WithDennisQuaid,TamlynTomita.English.Color.135min.A
romancebetweenanAmericanmanandaJapaneseAmericanwomanisdramaticallyinterruptedbytheinternmentof
JapaneseAmericansafterPearlHarbor.Thefilmtakesanunequivocalstandagainsttheinternment,forcingustotake
ahardlookatthisblackmarkinU.S.history.Italsoshedslightontheclashofcultures.

ConfessionsofaNaziSpy.1939.Dir.AnatoleLitvak.WithEdwardG.Robinson,GeorgeSanders,PaulLukas,Francis
Lederer.English.B&W.110min.OneofthefirstAmericanfilmstoattacktheNazis,Confessionsfocusesonthe
GermanAmericanBundanditsroleinspyingforGermanyinthe1930slooselybasedonreallifeFBIinvestigations
andtrialsofNazisympathizers.

TheCounterfeitTraitor.1961.Dir.GeorgeSeaton.WithWilliamHolden,LilliPalmer,HughGriffith.English.Color.
140min.DuringWorldWarIIaSwedishbusinessmanispressedintoundercoverworkinGermanyfortheBritishhe
surviveshisassignmentbutatgreatpersonalcost.Rarelyhasthegameofinternationalrelationslookedlessmoralthan
inthisnerverackingadventure.

Courage Under Fire. 1996. Dir. Edward Zwick. With Denzel Washington,Meg Ryan. English. Color. 120 min. An
early entry on a list of what will presumably be a number of films about Operation Desert Storm. Plot concerns
whetherafemaleofficerdeservesaposthumousmedalforbraveryincombat,andcouldsignalanincreaseinattention
towomenaskeyplayersininternationalrelations.

TheDaythatShooktheWorld.1977.Dir.VeljkoBulajic.WithChristopherPlummer,MaximilianSchell,Florinda
Bolkan.English.Color.111min.FilmfollowsthelivesofSerbianstudentrevolutionariesastheyplantheassassination
oftheheirtotheAustrianthrone,whichsetinmotioneventsleadingtoWorldWarI.Itcapturessomeofthe
combustiblenationalismthathaskepttheBalkansinflame.

TheDesertFox.1951.Dir.HenryHathaway.WithJamesMason,CedricHardwicke,LutherAdler.English.B&W.87
min. Story of the much honored German field marshal, Erwin Rommell, presents him as a highly respected
commanderwhocomestobelievethatHitler'sordersaremadnessandpayswithhislifeforhisprincipleddisloyalty.

Disclosure.1994.Dir.BarryLevinson.WithMichaelDouglas,DemiMoore,DonaldSutherland.English.Color.129
min.Filmaboutsexualharassmentinthecomputerindustryalsohassomethingimportanttosayaboutmultinational
corporations.TheU.S.companyinquestionusesasubsidiaryinMalaysiaforproductionpurposes,afactthatfigures
prominentlyintheresolutionofthefilm'scentralconflict.

DistantThunder.1973.Dir.SatyajitRay.WithSoumitraChatterji,Babita,SandyaRoy.BengaliwithEnglishsubtitles.
Color.100min.Astoryofhowfamine,causedbyawarweneversee,affectsanIndianvillageandparticularlya
Brahmindoctorandhisfamily.Desperatewithhunger,thevillagersbeg,steal,andprostitutethemselves,andthe
doctorishumbledwhenherealizesthathiscasteisirrelevant.

DonCarlo.1983production.ConductorJamesLevine.WithPlacidoDomingo,NicolaiGhiaurov,MirellaFreni,
FerruccioFurlanetto.ItalianwithEnglishsubtitles.Color.214min.InVerdi'sgrandoperawithanexplicitlypolitical
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theme,theconfrontationscenebetweenKingPhilipofSpainandtheGrandInquisitorcapturessuperblythe
presumablyhierarchicalinternationalsystempriortothePeaceofWestphalia.

Dr.Strangelove.1963.Dir.StanleyKubrick.WithPeterSellers,GeorgeC.Scott,SterlingHayden,SlimPickens.
English.B&W.93min.Kubrick'sblackcomedy,inwhichapsychoticAmericangenerallaunchesanunauthorized
nuclearattackontheUSSR,providesaveritableclinicondeterrencetheory,theproblemsofcommandandcontrol,
andthathighwireactknownascrisisdecisionmaking.Inthisfilm,Murphy'sLawismuchinevidence.

DoctorZhivago.1965.Dir.DavidLean.WithOmarSharif,JulieChristie,GeraldineChaplin,RodSteiger,Tom
Courtenay.English.Color.197min.EpicstoryunfoldsagainstthebackgroundoftheRussianRevolution.Thoseevents
transformthelivesofallthefilm'sprincipalsaswellasthoseoftheRussianpeopleastheystruggletosurviveinthe
faceoftheforcesconvulsingtheircountry.

TheDogsofWar.1981.Dir.JohnIrvin.WithChristopherWalken,TomBerenger.English.Color.104min.Filmhas
somethingtosayaboutthebrutaldictatorshipsthatalltoooftenfollowedtheretreatofcolonialempiresbutitalso
shows,withperhapstoomuchapprobation,therolemercenariesinthepayofWesterninterestshaveplayedinthe
affairsofsuchstates.

ADryWhiteSeason.1989.Dir.EuzhanPalcy.WithDonaldSutherland,JanetSuzman,MarlonBrando,ZakesMokae.
English.Color.107min.Palcy'sfilmdocumentstheevilofapartheidandthegradualawakeningoftheconscienceof
whiteSouthAfricansthatcontributedtotheDeKlerkMandelasettlement.Itremindsusthatdomesticissuesresonate
internationallyinthiscaseshapingglobalviewsofhumanrights.

DuckSoup.1933.Dir.LeoMcCarey.WiththeMarxBrothers,MargaretDumont,LouisCalhern.English.B&W.70
min.TheMarxBrothersareattheirzaniestinafilmthatis,ofcourse,nottobetakenseriously.Butitalsoisaboutthe
insanityofwar,theoccasionallyirrationalpretextsforwar,and,perhapsmostimportantly(ifmostabsurdly),the
consequencesofentrustingtheaffairsofstatetoirresponsibleleaders.

ElNorte.1983.Dir.GregoryNava.WithDanaVillapando,ZaideSilviaGutierrez,ErnestoCruz,EraciaZepada.
SpanishwithEnglishsubtitles.Color.139min.AGuatemalanbrotherandsisterbecomeillegalimmigrantsinthe
UnitedStates,fleeingtyrannicallandlordsandarepressivegovernmentathomeanddrawnbythepromiseof"the
wonders"ofthecountrytothenorth.Filmisoneofseveralthatfocusonmigrationasescapefromtheproblemsof
developingcountries.

TheEmigrants.1971.Dir.JanTroell.WithMaxvonSydow,LivUllmann.English(dubbed).Color.151.Thisepicof
SwedishemigrationtotheUnitedStatesinthemidnineteenthcenturyaddressesanaspectofinternationalrelations
thatcontinuestoshapethecontemporaryinternationalsystem.Aninterestingcompaniontomorerecentfilmsshowing
theUnitedStatesasmeccaformigrantsfromverydifferentcountriesandregions.

ExecutiveDecision.1996.Dir.StuartBaird.WithKurtRussell,HalleBerry,StevenSegal,DavidSuchet.English.
Color.132min.Terrorismdoesnotseemtobeonthewane,eitherintherealworldoronthescreen.Inthisrecent
entry,IslamicterroristsattempttodevastatetheeastcoastoftheUnitedStateswithanervetoxin,onlytobefoiledbya
bitofimprobablemidairheroics.

Farewell,MyConcubine.1993.Dir.ChenKaige.WithLeslieCheung,ZhangFengyi,GongLi.ChinesewithEnglish
subtitles.Color.157min.ThestoryofthelivesoftwomalemembersoftheBeijingOperacovershalfacentury,during
whichtheyarecaughtupinandinfluencedbytheircountry'sturbulenthistory.Mostinterestingisthefilm's
presentationoftheimpactofChina'sCulturalRevolution.

FatManandLittleBoy.1989.Dir.RolandJoffe.WithPaulNewman,DwightSchultz,JohnCusack.English.Color.
127min.ThisisthestoryoftheManhattanProject,whichusheredintheatomicageandtheeverpresentthreatof
nuclearannihilation.Fewscientificbreakthroughshavesotransformedworldpoliticsormadeussoawareofthe
inexorable"progress"ofscienceandtechnologyandtheirimpactontheworldwelivein.

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TheFinalCut.1995.Dir.MikeVardy.WithIanRichardson,DianeFletcher,NickBramble.English.Color.200min.
Inthisinsightfullookatforeignpolicydecisionmaking,afictionalBritishprimeministerseekstogainhisplacein
historybymastermindingasettlementoftheveryrealCypruscrisis.Unfortunately,heisalsototallyunscrupulous
whenhisselfservingplanfortheislandcountrybackfires,heresortstoamilitaryinterventionthatturnsintoadisaster.

FiresonthePlain.1959.Dir.KonIchikawa.WithEijiFunakoshi,OsamuTakizawa.JapanesewithEnglishsubtitles.B
&W.105min.Likethedirector'sTheBurmeseHarp,thisdisturbingantiwarfilmalsofocusesontheplightof
JapanesesoldiersinthefinaldaysofWorldWarII.Whilemostarereducedbyhungertoanimallikesavagery,the
film'sherofacesinevitabledeathwithdignity.

ForbiddenGames.1952.Dir.ReneClement.WithBrigitteFossey,GeorgesPoujouly.FrenchwithEnglishsubtitles.B
&W.87min.Whilethereisverylittlewarfootage,thisremainsoneofthemostpowerfulantiwarfilmsevermade.It
isthestoryofasmallgirl,orphanedwhenherparentsarekilledinaharrowingopeningscene,whoistakeninbya
Frenchfarmfamily.Thegirldealswithhergriefandconfusionbycreatingapetcemetery.

ForeignCorrespondent.1940.Dir.AlfredHitchcock.WithJoelMcRae,LaraineDay,HerbertMarshall,Herbert
Basserman.English.B&W.120min.FilmwasreleasedearlyinWorldWarIIwhenGreatBritainhaditsbackagainst
thewallandtheUnitedStateswasstillneutral.Hitchcock'seveofwarstorywasbothaspythrillerandanappealtothe
Americanstogetinvolvedbeforethelightswentoutallovertheworld.

1492:ConquestofParadise.1992.Dir.RidleyScott.WithGerardDepardieu,ArmandAssante,SigourneyWeaver.
English.Color.150min.Abig,sprawlingepic,1492coversColumbus'sthreevoyagestothenewworldandprovidesa
glimpseofSpanishmercantilism.ItsprimaryvalueliesinthedebateitinvitesaboutEurocentrisminthefilmindustry's
treatmentofencountersbetweenEuropeansandotherpeoplesintheageofexploration(andlatercolonization).

TheFourthProtocol.1987.Dir.JohnMackenzie.WithMichaelCaine,PierceBrosnan,JoannaCassidy.English.
Color.100min.Thisisa"whatif"filmthatassumestheavailabilityofsmall,portableatomicbombsandhasaKGB
agentplanthedetonationofoneinEngland.Theplanisultimatelyfoiled,butitservesasawarningthatnuclear
terrorismisaveryrealpossibility.

FreezeDieCometoLife.1989.Dir.VitalyKanevski.WithPavelNazarov,DinaraDrukarova,YelenaPopova.
RussianwithEnglishsubtitles.B&W.105min.TheterribleconditionsinRussiaunderStalinarechronicledinthis
storyofthelivesoftwochildreninaremotecoalminingtownduringWorldWarII.Filmisoneofthemosttellingof
RussianmadecritiquesofStalinism.

Gallipoli.1981.Dir.PeterWeir.WithMelGibson,MarkLee.English.Color.111min.Australianfilmcriticizesthe
BritishcommandforthedisasterthatbefellAussietroopsduringtheAllies'illfatedefforttogaincontrolofthe
DardanellesinWorldWarI.ButthefilmalsocelebratesthevalorofthemenkilledatGallipolianddecriestheterrible
wasteoftheseyounglives.

b.1982.Dir.RichardAttenborough.WithBenKingsley,TrevorHoward,JohnMills,JohnGielgud,RoshanSeth.
English.Color.187min.Epicbiographyofoneofthemajorfiguresofthetwentiethcenturycontainsmemorable
scenesofthechallengeofnationalismtothestubborncolonialmentality.Butitisalsoapainfulreminderofthesharp
andenduringdivisionsthatoftenunderliethenationalistimpulse.

TheGodsMustBeCrazy.1984.Dir.JamieUys.WithMariusWeyers,SandraPrinsloo,Xao.English.Color.109min.
FilmfollowstheperegrinationsofaKalahariBushmanashetriestogetridofatroublesomeartifactofcivilizationa
Cokebottleandencountersthemanyabsurditiesofthatcivilizationintheprocess.Thevalueofthisuniquefilmliesin
itsrunningcommentaryonthecontrastofcultures.

TheGoodEarth.1937.Dir.SidneyFranklin.WithPaulMuni,LouiseRainer.English.B&W.138min.Film
adaptationofthePearlBucknovelissetinprerevolutionaryChina,wheretheprincipalcharacterslosetheircropsto
droughtandaplagueoflocusts.Inthefilmasintherealworld,naturaldisastersbringfamineandpovertyintheir
wake.

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GrandIllusion.1938.Dir.JeanRenoir.WithJeanGabin,PierreFresnay,ErichvonStroheim,MarcelDalio.French
withEnglishsubtitles.B&W.111min.Filmisamongthegreatantiwarclassics,althoughmoreconcernedwiththe
collapseofsocialandpoliticalvaluesthanitiswithtraditionalwarthemes.TheconflictbetweentheEuropeanclass
systemandpatriotismisattheheartofthisdenunciationofwar.

TheGrapesofWrath.1940.Dir.JohnFord.WithHenryFonda,JaneDarwell,JohnCarradine.English.B&W.128
min.TheJoadfamilyfleestheDustBowlduringtheGreatDepressioninfilmversionofSteinbeck'scommentaryon
socialjusticeinAmerica.Filmremindsusthatthelandisafragileresource,subjecttomisusebyitshumaninhabitants,
oftenwith
tragicconsequences.

GreenCard.1990.Dir.PeterWeir.WithGerardDepardieu,AndieMcDowell.English.Color.108min.Foreign
nationalsdesiringtostayandworkintheUnitedStatesmustobtaina"greencard"needlesstosay,thedemandisgreat.
Inthiscomedy,aFrenchmanentersintoamarriageofconveniencewithaNewYorkerinordertogethiscard,andthe
relationshipinevitablyripensoverthecourseofthefilm.

GungHo.1986.Dir.RonHoward.WithMichaelKeaton,GeorgeWendt,GeddeWatanabe.English.Color.111min.A
JapanesecompanytakesoveranAmericanautomobileplantandaclashofculturesensueswhenthenewmanagement
expectstheassemblylineworkerstoadapttoJapanesepolicies.Workersrebelagainsteffortstoputloyaltyto
companyabovetheassertiveindividualismcharacteristicofAmericanculture.Thisisacomedywithaserioussubtext.

GungaDin.1939.Dir.GeorgeStevens.WithCaryGrant,DouglasFairbanks,Jr.,VictorMcLaglen.English.B&W.
117min.Actionadventureepicisaclassicexampleofnowpoliticallyincorrectcelebrationofempireandthecapacity
ofWestern(inthiscaseBritish)heroestooutthinkandoutfighthordesofmalevolentThirdWorldtypes.Rarelyhas
Eurocentrisminafilmbeenclearer,althougheveryonehashistonguefirmlyplantedincheek.

HeartbreakRidge.1986.Dir.ClintEastwood.WithClintEastwood,MarshaMason.English.Color.130min.
AmericaninvasionofthesmallislandcountryofGrenadain1982providestheclimaxofthisentryinthelistoffilms
dealingwithU.S.interventionsinCentralAmericaandtheCaribbean.However,filmismoreabouttheEastwood
character'scheckeredmilitarycareerthanitisaboutU.S.foreignpolicy.

HenryV.1989.Dir.KennethBranagh.WithKennethBranagh,EmmaThompson,PaulScofield,IanHolm,Derek
Jacobi.English.Color.138min.HighlightofthisinterpretationofoneofShakespeare'sbetterhistoricalplaysisthe
BattleofAgincourt,whichdemonstratesmosteffectivelythatwarhasalwaysbeenhell.Thefilmalsoremindsusthat
thereasonsforwhichwarshavebeenfoughtandthewaysinwhichtheyhavebeenfoughthavechangeddramatically.

HenryV.1944.Dir.LaurenceOlivierandReginaldBeck.WithLaurenceOlivier,ReneeAsheson,LeslieBanks,Leo
Germ,RobertNewton.English.Color.134min.ThisversionoftheShakespeareplay,madeduringWorldWarII,
remainsthefavoriteofmanybecauseofOlivier'sstirringperformanceandtheimaginativeframingdeviceinwhich
theplaybeginsandendsonthestageofLondon'sGlobeTheatre.

TheHouseon92ndStreet.1945.Dir.HenryHathaway.WithWilliamEythe,LloydNolan,SigneHasso.English.B&
W.89min.AdocumentarystyletreatmentoftenaciousandultimatelysuccessfulFBIeffortstothwartaNazispyring
intheUnitedStatesduringtheearlyyearsofWorldWarII.PropagandalikecelebrationoftheFBIalsointroduced
audiencestothetechniquesemployedbytheagencyandwasthefirstfilmtodealwithespionageaimedatacquiring
atomicsecrets.

InvasionoftheBodySnatchers.1956.Dir.DonaldSiegel.WithKevinMcCarthy,DanaWynter.English.B&W.80
min.MadeduringtheeraofColdWarparanoia,thislowbudgetsciencefictionmovieaboutaninvasionofseedpods
thattakeoverthemindsandbodiesofAmericanshasbeeninterpretedasbothanticommunistandantiMcCarthy.

Indochine.1992.Dir.RegisWargnier.WithCatherineDeneuve,LinhDanPham,JeanYanne,VincentPerez.French
with English subtitles. Color. 156 min. This is a film about a lovers' triangle in colonial Vietnam that threatens to
destroy all the parties. But its value for international relations lies in its story of the communist uprising against the
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Frenchcolonialoverlords,whichwouldculminateinthelongwarforliberationagainstfirstFranceandthentheUnited
States
.
TheInnerCircle.1992.Dir.AndreiKonchalovsky.WithTomHulce,LolaDavidovich,BobHoskins.English.Color.
139min.Stalin'sfilmprojectionistidolizestheSovietleaderandformuchofthefilmrefusestobelievetheevidence
thatheisacrueldespot.Thisfilmmakesthepointthatotherwisedecentpeoplecanbemesmerizedbytyrants.

TheIpcressFile.1965.Dir.SidneyFurie.WithMichaelCaine,NigelGreene,GuyDoleman.English.Color.107min.
SpyfilmismorerealisticthanitscontemporariesfeaturingJamesBond.AproductoftheColdWaryears,itdealswith
theissueofkidnappingandbrainwashingofprominentscientistsandsuggeststhatevenspiesworkingforalliescould
beadversaries.

JohnnyGuitar.1954.Dir.NicholasRay.WithJoanCrawford,SterlingHayden,MercedesMcCambridge.English.
Color.116min.BaroqueWesternfeaturesthetraditionalrivalrybetweenrailroadinterestsandcattlemen,withtwo
womenasprincipalprotagonists.Film'simportanceliesinitsallegoricaltreatmentoftheanticommunistwitchhuntin
theUnitedStatesinthiscasethefilmsideswiththeopponentsofMcCarthyism.

JudgmentatNuremberg.1961.Dir.StanleyKramer.WithSpencerTracy,MaximilianSchell,BurtLancaster,Richard
Widmark,JudyGarland,MontgomeryClift.English.B&W.187min.FilmdepictingthetrialofNazijudgesaccused
ofwarcrimesfollowingWorldWarIIraisesimportantissuesregardingthecreationandapplicationofinternational
law,aswellasmorefundamentalquestionsofindividualresponsibilityinthefaceofordersfromacruelandinhumane
regime.

Khartoum.1966.Dir.BasilDearden.WithCharltonHeston,LaurenceOlivier.English.Color.136min.AnIslamic
zealotconductsajihadagainsttheforcesofempireinthiscolorfulrenderingofadisasterforBritishcolonialisminthe
Sudaninthelatenineteenthcentury.AgoodexampleofEurocentrisminfilmmaking,aswellasacautionarytale
abouttheperilsofimperialism.

TheKillingFields.1984.Dir.RolandJoffe.WithSamWaterston,HaingNgor,JohnMalkovich.English.Color.142
min.FilmabouttherelationshipbetweenaU.S.journalistandhisCambodianinterpreterismostnotableforits
harrowingaccountofthegenocideperpetratedbytheKhmerRouge.Itraisesimportantquestionsaboutthemoralityof
bothinterventionandnoninterventioninthattragiccountry.

LarksonaString.1990.Dir.JiriMenzel.WithVaclavNeckar,JitykaZelenohorska.CzechwithEnglishsubtitles.
Color.96min.Filmmockscommunistruleandmountsasatiricalattackoneffortstoreeducaterebelliousbourgeois
dissidentsinEasternEurope.Setinanindustrialjunkyardwherethedissidentsareforcedtodomanuallabor,this
allegoryofthefailureofcommunismcelebrateslovewhilederidingtheworkers'paradise.

TheLastEmperor.1987.Dir.BernardoBertolucci.WithJohnLone,JoanChen,PeterO'Toole.English.Color.164
min.ThefilmversionofthestrangelifeofChina'slastemperorencompassestheChinesecivilwar,theemperor'sbrief
accessto"power"aspuppetrulerofManchuriaunderJapaneseoccupation,andultimatelyhisroleasameregardener
inBeijinginthecommunistera.

LawrenceofArabia.1962.Dir.DavidLean.WithPeterO'Toole,OmarSharif,AlecGuinness.English.Color.225
min.SetinWorldWarIintheMiddleEast,thisepictranscendsthestoryofonecharismaticfiguretoshedlightonthe
clashofcultures,diplomatictreachery,andthenatureofwar.Althoughtheseissuestendtobedwarfedbythe
spectacle,theyarewhatmakethefilmimportantforanunderstandingofinternationalrelations.

LordoftheFlies.1963.Dir.PeterBrook.WithRogerAllen,TomChapin,RogerElwin.English.B&W.90min.
AdaptationoftheGoldingnovelisafrighteningstatementaboutpoliticsunderconditionsofanarchy,andcanbe
viewedasametaphorforasocietywithoutlegitimateauthorityorfortheinternationalsysteminwhichHobbes'swar
ofallagainstallprevails.

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AManforAllSeasons.1966.Dir.FredZinnemann.WithPaulScofield,LeoMcKern,RobertShaw,OrsonWelles.
English.Color.120min.HenryVIII'schancellor,SirThomasMore,refusestotakeanoathsupportingtheActof
Successionandisexecutedasaconsequence.Filminvitesdiscussionaboutissuesofbothinternalandexternal
sovereigntyintheperiodbeforeWestphalia.

TheManchurianCandidate.1962.Dir.JohnFrankenheimer.WithFrankSinatra,LawrenceHarvey,AngelaLansbury.
English.B&W.127min.Filmtakesahard,cynicallookatU.S.politicsduringtheColdWar.Itbeginswith
brainwashingofcapturedU.S.soldiersduringtheKoreanWarandculminatesinanattemptedassassinationofa
presidentialcandidatebyoneofthem.

TheMarriageofMariaBraun.1978.Dir.RainerWernerFassbinder.WithHannaSchygulla,KlausLowitsch,Ivan
Desny.GermanwithEnglishsubtitles.Color.120min.FassbinderintendedhisfilmtobeametaphorforGermanyin
theyearsafterWorldWarILThewomanofthetitle,hardenedbylife'svicissitudes,becomesprosperous,mirroringher
country's"economicmiracle."Germany,thefilmargues,hassurvivedandrecoveredfromthecatastropheofthewar,
butonlyatgreatcost.

MASH,1970,DirRobertAltman.WithDonaldSutherland,ElliottGould,SallyKellerman,RobertDuvall.English.
Color.116min.IrreverentcomedytakesplaceatamobilefieldhospitalduringtheKoreanWarafreneticantiwar,
antiestablishmentfilmconfrontstheviewerwithbadlywoundedsoldiersandzanysurgeonstryingtopreservetheir
sanityinthemidstofcarnage.

Mephisto.1981.Dir.IstvanSzabo.WithKlausMariaBrandauer,RolfHoppe,KarinBoyd.English(dubbed).Color.
134min.SetinGermanyasHitlercomestopowerinthe1930s,Szabo'sfilmusesasinglefigureaselfcenteredactor
todemonstratethatafailuretoopposeevilwillhaveterribleconsequencesforthosewhochooseto"goalong"and,by
extension,forthecountryandtheworld.Oneofthebestfilmstoexposetheseedsofdisasterinthesmall,selfishacts
ofordinarypeople.

MidnightExpress.1978.Dir.AlanParker.WithBradDavis,JohnHurt,RandyQuaid.English.Color.120min.A
youngAmericanisjailedinTurkeyforsmugglinghashish,andthefilmisanaccountofhisincarcerationandultimate
escapefromawretchedprison.Thiscautionarytaleoftheperilsofthedrugbusinessislikelytobebestrememberedas
anattackontheabuseofU.S.citizensinforeigncountries.

TheMilagroBeanfieldWar.1988.Dir.RobertRedford.WithRubenBlades,SoniaBraga,JohnHeard,Christopher
Walken.English.Color.118min.Fancifulcomedyaboutaconfrontationbetweendevelopersandthelittlepeople
strugglingtomakealivingontheirlandintheAmericansouthwestreflectsalarger,universalproblem.Thefilm's
valuealsoliesinitshumorousdepictionofculturesinconflict.

Missing.1982.Dir.CostaGavras.WithJackLemmon,SissySpacek.English.Color.122min.WhenanAmerican
businessmaninvestigatesthedisappearanceofhissoninChileduringamilitarycoup,itgraduallybecomesapparent
thattheU.S.governmentmayhavebeenimplicatedintheyoungman'sdeath.Filmraisesimportantquestions
regardingclandestineinterventionintheaffairsofanotherstateandagovernment'sresponsibilitytoitsowncitizens.

TheMission.1986.Dir.RolandJoffe.WithRobertDeNiro,JeremyIrons.English.Color.125min.FilmsetinSouth
Americaintheeighteenthcenturyworksonseverallevels,includingthatofconflictbetweenfaithandgreedvaluefor
internationalrelationsliesinitsdemonstrationofthefactthatWestphaliannormswereforalongtimedifferentfor
Europeansthantheywereforpeoplesofothercountriesandcultures.

MississippiMasala.1991.Dir.MiraNair.WithDenzelWashington,SaritaChoudhury,RoshanSeth.English.Color.
117min.AlthoughprimarilyabouttheprejudicesthatthreatentheloveaffairbetweenanAfricanAmericanmanand
animmigrantIndianwomanintheU.S.south,filmbeginswithamemorablerecreationoftheexpulsionofAsiansfrom
Ugandaafterindependencethatoffersinsightsintothedarkersideofnationalism.

MoscowontheHudson.1984.Dir.PaulMazursky.WithRobinWilliams,AlejandroRey,MariaConchitaAlonso,
ClevantDerricks.English.Color.107min.BittersweetcomedyfocusesonthetrialsandtribulationsofaRussian
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defectortoAmerica.Itisaneffectivedissectionoftheplightofimmigrantsinthelandofopportunityandan
interestingcommentaryontheculturalstewthatistheUnitedStates.

MyBeautifulLaundrette.1985.Dir.StephenFrears.WithDanielDayLewis,GordonWarnecke,SafredJaffrey,
RoshanSeth.English.Color.94min.FilmaboutthePakistanicommunityinLondonisacomedywitharawedge
PakistanisareshowndealingwithwhitepunkPakibashers,makingmoneyofftheAnglos,andotherwise
demonstratingthatsociety'soutsiderscanmakeiteveniftheyneverbecomepartofthedominantculture.

NightoftheShootingStars.1982.Dir.PaoloandVittorioTaviani.WithOmeroAntonutti,MargaritaLozano.Italian
withEnglishsubtitles.Color.107min.DuringthelastdaysoftheItaliancampaigninWorldWarII,thecitizensofa
smallvillagefleefromtheirNazioccupiers.Abattleinawheatfieldbetweenfascistsandresistancefightersmakesa
memorablestatementaboutwarthatitoftenpitsfamiliesandneighborsagainsteachotherandisthusdoublytragic.

1900.1977.Dir.BernardoBertolucci.WithRobertDeNiro,GerardDepardieu,DominiqueSanda,DonaldSutherland.
English.Color.255min.TwoItalianboys,bornonthesamedayattheturnofthecentury,becomeengagedinaclass
struggleasadultsthatisanallegoryoftheturmoilthathaswrackedItalyduringthetwentiethcentury.Fascistsare
pittedagainstsocialistsandcommunistsinthishuge,sprawlingsagaoflife,love,andpoliticsintheMussoliniera.

Ninotchka.1939.Dir.ErnstLubitsch.WithGretaGarbo,MelvynDouglas,InaClaire.English.B&W.108min.Inthis
lightheartedmeetingofEastandWest,thelureofParisandromanceeventuallyovercomesGarbo'scommitmentto
communistideology.Lubitschobviouslyhadfunsatirizingtherigid,drab,andhumorlessSovietregimeinthisprewar
film.

Nixon.1995.Dir.OliverStone.WithAnthonyHopkins,JoanAllen,PowersBooth,PaulSorvino,JamesWoods,Ed
Harris.English.Color.191min.ControversialfilmtreatmentofoneofthemostcontroversialU.S.presidentsismost
importantforitsperspectiveonWatergate,whichforcedNixon'sresignationandhelpedshapethecountry'scynicism
aboutitsgovernment.NixonalsogoestoChinaandexpandsthewarinVietnaminthe
courseofthislengthyfilm.

NotWithoutMyDaughter.1990.Dir.BrianGilbert.WithSallyField,AlfredMolina,SheilaRosenthal.English.
Color.107min.AnAmericanwomanvisitspostrevolutionaryIranwithherIranianhusbandandyoungdaughter,only
tofindthatthehusbandintendstoremainthereandkeepthedaughterwithhim.Inthishighlycontroversialfilm,the
gulfbetweenIran'sfundamentalistIslamiccultureandthatofthesecularUnitedStatesissogreatastoseem
unbridgeable.

TheOfficialStory.1985.Dir.LuisPuenzo.WithNormaAleandro,HectorAlterio,AnaliaCastro,Chunchuna
Villafane.SpanishwithEnglishsubtitles.Color.110min.AftertheArgentinajunta's"dirtywar"inwhichthousands
ofallegedsubversivessimplydisappeared,awomancomestosuspectthatheradopteddaughtermaybethechildof
oneofthedesaparecidosandthatherhusbandhadbeeninvolvedwiththeevilregime.Filmopensawindowonthis
infamoushumanrightsissue.

Outbreak.1994.Dir.WolfgangPetersen.WithDustinHoffman,ReneRusso,MorganFreeman.English.Color.128
min.BasedonwidelycirculatedaccountsofthefrighteningEbolavirus.Althoughthevirusappearstohaveoriginated
inAfrica,thefilmimpliesthatweareallpotentiallyatriskaspeoplemoveaboutinourincreasinglyinterdependent
world.

PassporttoPimlico.1948.Dir.HenryCornelius.WithStanleyHolloway,MargaretRutherford,HermioneBaddeley.
English.B&W.84min.PostWorldWarIIBritishcomedytakesplaceinaLondonneighborhoodthatdiscoversasa
resultofanancienttreatyitisreallyanindependentcountry.Localsoptforindependencefromthecrowntoescape
rationing,butcustomsofficialsmoveinandcrisesfollow.Aspoofofsovereigntyrunamok.

PathsofGlory.1957.Dir.StanleyKubrick.WithKirkDouglas,AdolphMenjou,GeorgeMacready,RalphMeeker.
English.B&W.89min.Powerfulantiwarfilmandblisteringindictmentofmilitarypoliticscontainsoneofthemost
effectivepresentationsoftrenchwarfareanditsfutility.Heartofthefilmisthetrialandexecutionofthreehapless
soldierschosenatrandomforfailureofFrenchtroopstopersevereinadoomedassaultonanimpregnableGerman
position.
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Patton.1970.Dir.FranklinSchaffner.WithGeorgeC.Scott,KarlMalden.English.Color.171min.U.S.General
GeorgePattonwasaflamboyantfigurewhoknewhowtowinbattles,buthewasalsoatyrannicalegotistwhoinspired
angeraswellasawe.Filmpresentsbothqualities,andalsocontainsaseriesofbattlesequencesthathelptoprovidea
pictureofwhatWorldWarIIwaslikeintheEuropeanandAfricantheaters.

PickuponSouthStreet.1953.Dir.SamFuller.WithRichardWidmark,JeanPeters,ThelmaRitter.English.B&W.81
min.ClassicBmoviefromtheMcCarthyerasuggeststhattheenemyisinourmidstandthateventhievesandother
loserswillbehaveaspatriotswhentheyrealizethestakes.FilmreflectsHollywood'sinvolvementinthefrenzyover
communistsubversion.

Pixote.1981.Dir.HectorBabenco.WithFernandoRamosdaSilva,JorgeJuliao,GilbertoMoura.Portuguese.Color.
127min.Grimtaleofpovertyandsocialdysfunction,setinthestreetsofSaoPaulo,Brazil.Agroupofhomeless
youngboys,includingthetenyearoldofthetitle,survivebytheft,drugdealing,pimping,andevenmurder.A
devastatinglookatthegrimmeraspectsoflifeinthegreatcitiesofthedevelopingworld.

Platoon.1986.Dir.OliverStone.WithCharlieSheen,TomBerenger,WillemDafoe.English.Color.120min.This
VietnamWarfilmbringsthehorrorsofwarhometoviewersasfewotherfilmsdo.Theconflictisnotonlywiththe
enemy,butbetweentwosergeants,verydifferentmenwhocompetefortheallegianceoftheplatoonanddemonstrate
thedevastatingimpactofwaruponthemenwhofightit.

PorkChopHill.1959.Dir.LewisMilestone.WithGregoryPeck,HarryGuardino,RipTorn,GeorgePeppard.English.
B&W.98min.ThestoryofabloodyoffensivetocaptureandholdaKoreanhill,whichhadlittlemilitaryvalue,but
"had"tobetakenforitspsychologicalimpactonthepeacenegotiationstakingplaceinnearbyPanmunjon.

RaidersoftheLostArk.1981.Dir.StevenSpielberg.WithHarrisonFord,KarenAllen,DenholmElliott,JohnRhys
Davies.English.Color.115min.ThisisaprimeexampleofafilmthatcriticsofEurocentrismcomplainabout.They
arguethatIndianaJonesisnothingbutanarchetypalWesternadventurerwhoboldlyintervenesinabenightedThird
Worldcountry(Egypt),savingapricelessartifactforthebenefitofWesterncivilization.

Rambo:FirstBlood,PartII.1985.Dir.GeorgeCosmatos.WithSylvesterStallone,RichardCrenna.English.Color.93
min.ExGreenBeretStallonerescuesAmericanPOWsfromtheVietnamese(andtheRussians)inthisrevisionistfilm
forthoseintheUnitedStateswhobelievethatthewarinVietnamcouldandshouldhavebeenwon.Theviolenceis
nonstop,thebodycountstaggering.

Reds.1981.Dir.WarrenBeatty.WithWarrenBeatty,DianeKeaton,JackNicholson.English.Color.195min.Alove
affairbetweenradicalAmericanjournalistsisplayedoutagainstthebackdropoftheRussianRevolution.Filmhas
muchtosayabouttheappealofcommunismtomanyAmericanswhosawinitadawningofamoresociallyand
economicallyhumaneera.

Reilly:TheAceofSpies("PreludetoWar").1983.Dir.MartinCampbell.WithSamNeill,DavidSuchet,Jeananne
Crowley.English.Color.51min.ThisepisodefromthetelevisionseriesdepictsthecomingofwarbetweenJapanand
Russiain1904,andoffersastunningillustrationofthefailureofdeterrenceandaclassicdemonstrationofthe
propositionthatofficialswhoseeonlywhattheyexpecttoseeinthebehaviorofanadversaryareoftendestinedfor
unpleasantsurprises.

RemainsoftheDay.1994.Dir.JamesIvory.WithAnthonyHopkins,EmmaThompson,JamesFox,Christopher
Reeve.English.Color.134min.MerchantIvoryfilmprovidesacommentaryonmoralblindnessduringtheominous
riseofNazism.TheaccommodationofevilbyotherwisegoodpeopleisillustratedbytheperfectBritishbutler,
committedtotheserviceofhisNazisympathizingmaster.

RisingSun.1993.Dir.PhilipKaufman.WithSeanConnery,WesleySnipes,HarveyKeitel,CaryHiroyukiTagawa.
English.Color.129min.ThisfilmillustratesU.S.paranoiaoverJapaneseeconomicinfluencebutdealsmost
significantlywithdifferencesbetweenU.S.andJapanesebusinesspracticesandproblemsofcommunicatingacross
theculturaldivide.
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RomperStomper.1992.Dir.GeoffreyWright.WithRussellCrowe,DanielPollock,JacquelineMcKenzie.English.
Color.88min.WhitesupremacistAustralianskinheadsquiteliterallymakewaronAsianimmigrantsinthisfrenetic,
violentcommentaryontheconflictofculturesinWesterncountriesfacingatideofmigrationfromtheThirdWorld.

TheRussiaHouse.1990.Dir.FredSchepisi.WithSeanConnery,MichellePfeiffer,RoyScheider,KlausMaria
Brandauer.English.Color.126min.FilmversionofaJohnLeCarrenovelofespionagewasproducedjustastheCold
Warwasending,andarguesthatpersonalrelationshipscanbreachthebarriersofideologicalconflict.Inevitably,the
principals,whoarenotspies,aresooncaughtupinadangerousgamemuchbiggerthantheyare.

TheRussiansAreComing,theRussiansAreComing.1965.Dir.Norman
Jewison.WithCarlRefiner,AlanArkin,EvaMarieSaint,TheodoreBikel.English.Color.127min.ASoviet
submarinerunsagroundonaNewEnglandisland,settingoffpanicandmanicpatriotismamongthelocals.Film
comedyfindsgroundsforoptimisminthecommonhumanityofthetwoColdWarrivals.

Saigon:YearoftheCat.1983.Dir.StephenFrears.WithFredericForrest,JudiDench,E.G.Marshall.English.Color.
106min.ThewarinVietnamiswindingdown,andtheVietCongispoisedtocaptureSaigon.Inthisadaptationofthe
DavidHareplay,U.S.officialswaittoolongtoevacuatetheembassy,withtheresultthatmanyVietnameseloyaltothe
UnitedStatesareleftbehindtoanuncertainfate.

Salvador.1985.Dir.OliverStone.WithJamesWoods,JamesBelushi,ElpediaCarrillo,MichaelMurphy.English.
Color.122min.ThisisasearingindictmentofElSalvador'sdeathsquadsandofficialU.S.supportoftheSalvadoran
governmentduringthatcountry'scivilwar.Filmincludesfictionalizedaccountsofsuchreallifeeventsasthemurder
ofArchbishopRomeroandtherapekillingofAmericannuns.

Scorpio.1972.Dir.MichaelWinner.WithBurtLancaster,AlainDelon,PaulScofield.English.Color.114min.Inthis
espionagethriller,aCIAoperativeisallegedlyadoubleagentworkingfortheSoviets.Film'ssympathylieswiththe
doubleagentratherthantheCIA,andboththedoubleagentandhisKGBcounterpartarecontemptuousoftheir
governments'policiesandmethods.

TheSeaHawk.1940.Dir.MichaelCurtiz.WithErrolFlynn,BrendaMarshall,ClaudeRains,FloraRobson.
English.B&W.144min.AdventureyarntellsafictionalizedstoryofEnglisheffortstokeepSpanishambitionsatbay
inthesixteenthcentury,culminatinginthedefeatoftheArmada.FilmwasanearlyWorldWar11propagandapiece
designedtobolsterBritishmoraleinadarkhour.

TheSearchers.1956.Dir.JohnFord.WithJohnWayne,JeffreyHunter,VeraMiles,WardBond.English.Color.144
min.FordclassicmeritsinclusioninthisvolumebecauseitreflectsfactorsthathaveshapedAmerica'sselfimageand
perceptionofworld.Herewehavemanifestdestiny,avastandopenfrontier,ruggedindividualism,simmeringracial
tensions,and,ofcourse,acultureofguns.

Senso.1954.Dir.LuchinoVisconti.WithAlidaValli,FarleyGranger,MassimoGirotti,HeinzMoog.Italianwith
Englishsubtitles.Color.115min.SetduringtheItalianRisorgimento,lushandoperaticViscontifilmisprimarily
aboutanillstarredromancebetweenaVenetianwomanandanAustrianofficer.ThetreatmentofItaliannationalism,
theninfullcry,makesthefilmrelevanthere.

SevenDaysinMay.1963.Dir.JohnFrankenheimer.WithBurtLancaster,FredericMarch,KirkDouglas.English.B&
W.117min.FilmwithaColdWarthemesuggeststhattheUnitedStateswasvulnerabletoanattemptedcoupbya
militaryfactionthatwouldnottolerateanyhintofweakness(e.g.,adisarmamenttreaty)wheretheSovietadversary
wasconcerned.Democraticvaluesprevail,butitisaclosecall.

Spies.1928.Dir.FritzLang.WithRudolfKleinRogge,WillyFritsch,GerdaMaurus,LupuPick.SilentwithEnglish
titles.B&W.88min.Silentfilmisreallythefirstmajorattemptbytheindustrytoportraytheworldofspies.Lang
demonstratesmanyofthetricksofthespy'strade,al
thoughthemotivesofthemasterspyareneverclearandthecountryforwhichheworksisneverrevealed.
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TheSpyWhoCameinfromtheCold.1965.Dir.MartinRitt.WithRichard
Burton,OskarWerner,ClaireBloom,PeterVanEyck.English.B&W.110min.FilmtreatmentoftheLeCarrenovelis
unrelievedlyseriousandgrim,andmakesthepointthatspyingisamorallyambiguousenterpriseinwhichitishardto
tellwhoarethegoodguysandwhoarethebadguys.

TheSpyinBlack.1939.Dir.MichaelPowell.WithConradVeidt,ValerieHobson,SebastianShaw.English.B&W.82
min.SpydramawasreleasedshortlybeforeWorldWarII,buttakesplaceduringWorldWarIastheGermansseek
informationinScotlandaboutthemovementsoftheBritishfleet.Oneofthefewfilmsofthegenreinwhichthespies
haverealpersonalitiesandshowmutualrespect.

Stalin.1992.Dir.IvanPasser.WithRobertDuvall,MaximilianSchell,JuliaOrmond,JeroenKrabbe.English.Color.
174min.MuchofthefilmfocusesonStalin'sfamilyrelationships,butitalsoexposeshisparanoiaandruthlessness,
whichledtotheeliminationofhiscolleaguesintheSoviethierarchyinthe1930s.Valueoffilmliesinitsexamination
ofatyrannicalpersonalitywhoshapedworldpoliticsinthetwentiethcentury.

StarTrek("BalanceofTerror").1966.Dir.VincentMcEveety.WithWilliamShatner,LeonardNimoy,DeForest
Kelley,MarkLenard.English.Color.51min.ThisepisodeoftheoriginalStarTrekseriesdealswithawarbetweenthe
Romulans,whomakewarbecauseitisintheirnature,andthecrewoftheEnterprise,whichacceptstheargumentthat
"itisbet
tertoattacknowthandefendlater."

StarTrek:TheNextGeneration("TheKlingonTrilogy").1990,1991.Severaldirectors.WithPatrickStewart,
MichaelDorn,RobertO'Reilly.English.Color.51min.eachepisode.Problemsofthirdpartymediationareondisplay
inthisseries,inwhichPicardmustdecideadisputebetweentwoKlingonfactions.Hemanagestoalienatebothsides
andmustintheendevenabandontheFederation'sneutrality,whichlikethatoftheUNinBosniaultimatelyproves
impossible.

StarTrekVI:TheUndiscoveredCountry.1991.Dir.NicholasMeyer.WithWilliamShatner,LeonardNimoy,
ChristopherPlummer,KimCattrall.English.Color.113min.ThisentryintheseriesofStarTrekfilmsprovidesthe
viewerwithmanyunmistakablereferencestointerstaterelationsonearthinthetwentiethcentury.Theplotrevolves
aroundpeacenegotiationsbetweentheFederationandtheKlingonsandeffortsbysomeonbothsidestosabotage
them.

StateofSiege.1973.Dir.CostaGavras.WithYvesMontand,RenatoSalvatori,O.E.Hasse,JacquesWebber.French
withEnglishsubtitles.Color.120min.OneofanumberoffilmsaboutcovertU.S.interventioninLatinAmerica
basedonthekidnappingandexecutionofanAmericanadviserinUruguaybyleftistrebels.Theadviserturnsouttobe
anunsavorycharacter,andthedirector'ssympathiesliewiththerebels.

SugarCaneAlley.1983.Dir.EuzhanPalcy.WithGaryCadenet,DarlingLegitimus,DoutaSeek.FrenchwithEnglish
subtitles.Color.103min.Acharmingstoryofaselfsacrificingwomanwhoisdeterminedthathergrandsonshall
escapethecanefieldsofMartiniquethrougheducationthisfilmalsohasamessageaboutcolonialismand
development,showingthattheendofslaveryhasnotmeanttheendofbondageforblackcanecutters.

TheTallBlondManwithOneBlackShoe.1972.Dir.YvesRobert.WithPierreRichard,JeanRochefort,Mireille
Darc.FrenchwithEnglishsubtitles.Color.90min.Thisfilmaboutspiesfocusesonbunglinginhighplacesand
invitesustofindhumorintheineptitudeofthosewhowouldmanageacountry'sforeignpolicy.TheAldrichAmes
casesuggeststhattheFrenchfarcemaynotbeallthatfaroffthemark.

ThreeDaysoftheCondor.1975.Dir.SydneyPollack.WithRobertRedford,FayeDunaway,CliffRobertson,Max
vonSydow.English.Color.118min.AproductoftheWatergateerainAmericanpolitics,whentheCIAandFBIwere
underfireforabuseofpower,thisfilmishighlycriticalof"TheAgency,"whichhasspawnedarogueplotwithinits
ranksandispreparedtostooptomurdertocoverupthatplot.

ToLive.1995.Dir.ZhangYimou.WithGeYou,GongLi.ChinesewithEnglishsubtitles.Color.132min.Inthisfilm
byChina'sbestknowndirector,ayoungcouplestrugglestosurvivealmostcontinuouspoliticalandsocialupheaval.
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Mao'sdeterminationtochannelChina'sdevelopmentinideologicallycorrectdirectionshastragicresultsforthiscouple
and,byimplication,millionsofothers.

Tora!Tora!Tora!1970.Dir.RichardFleischer,ToshoaMasuda,KinjiFukasaku.WithMartinBalsam,SohYamamura,
JosephCotton,TatsuyaMihashi.EnglishandJapanesewithEnglishsubtitles.Color.144min.AjointU.S.Japanesere
creationoftheattackonPearlHarbor,thefilmalsopresentseventsleadinguptotheattack.Notanindepthanalysisof
thecausesofthewar,filmneverthelessdemonstratestheimportanceofperceptionsandcommunication.

TriumphoftheWill.1935.Dir.LeniRiefenstahl.GermanwithEnglishsubtitles.B&W.122min.Documentaryof
NaziPartyralliesinNurembergin1934transformsrealityinto"repellentWagnerianlegend."Perhapsthemostfamous
propagandafilmevermade,itisacommentaryonnationalistfervorandademonstrationofthecapacityofcinemato
contributetothatfervor.

TwelveO'ClockHigh.1949.Dir.HenryKing.WithGregoryPeck,HughMarlowe,GaryMerrill.English.B&W.132
min.Primarilyaboutthestrainofcommand,thisfilmoftheairwaroverGermanyinthe1940sremindsusthatthe
ongoingrevolutioninwarfareproducesevermorepowerfulmeansofdestruction,someofwhichhaveendedany
pretensethatnoncombatantscanbespared.

Twilight'sLastGleaming.1977.Dir.RobertAldrich.WithBurtLancaster,RichardWidmark,Charlesburning,Paul
Winfield.English.Color.146min.PremiseofthisfilmisthatduringtheVietnamWartheU.S.governmentsecretly
endorsedastrategyoflimitedwarfarearoundtheworldinordertodetertheSovietUnion.Anairforcegeneral
threatensnuclearwarunlessthisplanismadepublic.Filmunderscorestheproblemofmakingnucleardeterrence
credible.

UnderFire.1983.Dir.RogerSpottiswoode.WithNickNolte,GeneHackman,JoannaCassidy.English.Color.127
min.TheSandinistarebellionagainsttheSomozaregimeinNicaraguaprovidesthecontextfortwointerventions,one
bytheU.S.governmentinsupportoftheregimeandtheotherbyAmericanjournalistswhoabandontheirobjectivityto
helptherebels.Filmmakesacaseforrevolutionbydepictinggovernmentforcesas
brutalandthelifeofthepeopleaswretched.

Vukovar.1994.Dir.BoroDraskovic.WithMirjanaJokovic,BorisIsakovic.SerbianandCroatianwithEnglish
subtitles.Color.94min.TheSerbsandCroatiansaremoderndayCapuletsandMontaguesinthisBalkan"Romeoand
Juliet."ThewarinwhatusedtobeYugoslaviadestroystheCroatiantownofVukovarasitdidinreallife,withterrible
consequencesforthelivesofayoungcoupleofmixedbackgrounds.

WallStreet.1987.Dir.OliverStone.WithMichaelDouglas,CharlieSheen,MartinSheen.English.Color.126min.
StonetakesacriticallookatcasinocapitalismaspracticedinAmericaandthecultureofgreedintheReaganera.An
unscrupulousWallStreetbrokerbreaksalltherulesonhiswaytofameandfortuneuntiladisillusionedprotegefinally
blows
thewhistle.

TheWannseeConference.1987.Dir.HeinzSchirk.WithRobertArtzhorn,FriedrichBackhaus,GerdBockmann.
GermanwithEnglishsubtitles.Color.85min.Achillingrecreationofthe1942meetingatwhichmembersofthe
NaziParty,theSS,andtheGermanbureaucracyplannedthesystematicexterminationof11millionJews.Most
disturbingisthetotallymatteroffactmannerinwhichtheHolocaustisdiscussedandplanned.

WatchontheRhine.1943.Dir.HermanShumlin.WithPaulLukas,BetteDavis,GeorgeCoulouris.English.B&W.
79min.FilmversionoftheLillianHellmanplayfocusesontheprewareffortsofamemberoftheantiNaziGerman
undergroundtoraisemoneyintheUnitedStatestohelphiscolleaguesinGermany.Themessage:itisn'tsufficientto
beantifascistpeoplemustbewillingtodosomethingaboutit.

Waterloo.1971.Dir.SergeiBondarchuk.WithRodSteiger,ChristopherPlummer,JackHawkins.English.Color.122
min.Acompellinglookatwarfareintheearlyyearsofthenineteenthcentury,followingthemobilizationofmass
armies.ItbeginswithNapoleon'sreturnfromexileonElbatoleadtheoldguardinonelastcampaign,andconcludes
withthespectacleofoneofhistory'smorefamousbattles
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TheWeddingBanquet.1993.Dir.AngLee.WithWinstonChao,MichaelLichtenstein,MayChin.Chineseand
EnglishwithEnglishsubtitles.Color.108min.Ayoungwomanentersintoamarriageofconveniencesothatshecan
obtainthegreencardthatwillallowhertoworkintheUnitedStates.Theproblemisthather"husband"alreadyhasa
gaylover,andthedeceptionquicklyspiralsoutofcontrol.

WeddinginGalilee.1987.Dir.MichelKhleifi.WithAliMohammedElAkili.HebrewandArabicwithEnglish
subtitles.Color.113min.PalestinianslivingunderIsraelirulestrikeadealthatallowsanextensionofcurfewsothata
marriagemaybecelebrated.Inspiteoftensionsbetweenthetwocommunities,thefilmdemonstratesthecommon
humanityofJewsandArabsandisultimatelyhopeful.

WheretheGreenAntsDream.1985.Dir.WernerHerzog.WithBruceSpence,WandjukMarika,RoyMarika.English.
Color.99min.EffortsofwhitedeveloperstomineforuraniuminAustralia'soutbackencounterresistancefrom
Aborigineswhoregardthelandassacredground.Herzog'ssympathiesclearlyliewiththeAboriginesinthisfilmabout
conflictingculturalvaluesandthemeaningofdevelopment.

TheWildGeese.1978.Dir.AndrewMcLaglen.WithRichardBurton,RogerMoore,RichardHarris,HardyKruger.
English.Color.132min.MercenariesintheemployofWesternbusinessmeninterveneinforceinafictionalAfrican
countrytounseatabrutalandcorruptregime.Althoughthebusinessmenprovetobeduplicitousandthemissionturns
intoadisaster,thefilmromanticizesthesoldieroffortune.

Wilson.1944.Dir.HenryKing.WithAlexanderKnox,CharlesCoburn,GeraldineFitzgerald,CedricHardwicke.
English.Color.154min.BiopicabouttheU.S.presidentwhocametogriefoverratificationoftheLeagueofNations
CovenantisinterestingforitsscenesofWilsontryingtobringtheAlliesandtheU.S.Senatearoundtohisviewofthe
properpostwarworldorder.

TheYearofLivingDangerously.1983.Dir.PeterWeir.WithMelGibson,SigourneyWeaver,LindaHunt.English.
Color.115min.SetinIndonesiaontheeveoftherevolutionagainstSukarno'sgovernment,thisisanotherinaseries
offilmsaboutpovertyandturmoilinThirdWorld

Yes,PrimeMinister("ADiplomaticIncident").1987.Dir.SydneyLotterby.WithPaulEddington,NigelHawthorne,
DerekFowldes.English.Color.30min.EpisodesinthisBBCcomedyseriesallfocusonthecontestofwillsbetween
awellmeaningbutnonetoobrightBritishprimeministerandhisdeviouscabinetsecretary.Inthisone,theBritishand
FrenchhaveadisputeoversovereigntyintheChanneltunnelandtheFrenchtrytocircumventbothBritishlawand
internationallaw.

Yes,PrimeMinister("TheGrandDesign").1986.Dir.SydneyLotterby.WithPaulEddington,NigelHawthorne,
DerekFowldes.English.Color.30min.TheBritishprimeminister,uncomfortablewithhisauthoritytomakenuclear
warbymerelypressingabutton,decideshepreferstobuildupBritain'sconventionalforcesratherthanmodernizeits
nucleararsenal.Acleverdialogueabouttheproblemofmakingnucleardeterrencecredible.

Yes,PrimeMinister("OneofUs").1986/1987.Dir.SydneyLotterby.WithPaulEddington,NigelHawthorne,Derek
Fowldes.English.Color.30min.Inthisepisode,theprimeministerlearnsthatthelateheadofBritishintelligencewas
passingsecretstoMoscow.Itturnsoutthatthecabinetsecretaryhadearlierconductedaninvestigationthatexonerated
themannowrevealedasatraitorthetitleoftheepisodeexplainswhythatinvestigation
wassoperfunctory.

Yes,PrimeMinister("AVictoryforDemocracy").1987.Dir.SydneyLotterby.WithPaulEddington,Nigel
Hawthorne,DerekFowldes.English.Color.30min.Thisepisodecontainsoneofthebestshortlessonsonthe
dynamicsofforeignpolicydecisionmaking.ThecareeristsintheBritishForeignOfficedotheirbesttokeeptheprime
ministerandtheforeignsecretaryinthedarkastheydealwithacrisisinafictionalCommonwealthcountryandavote
attheUnitedNations.

Zulu.1964.Dir.CyEndfield.WithStanleyBaker,MichaelCaine,JackHawkins.English.Color.138min.
Reenactmentofthe1879battleofRorke'sDrift,whenbarelyonehundredBritishsoldiersheldoffattacksbyfour
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thousandZuluwarriorsatthisAfricanoutpostofempire.EndfieldsalutestheheroismofboththeBritishandtheZulus
inthisevocationofadramaticchapterfromthesagaofimperialism.

B.BattleofAlgiersMaterials

IhaveusedthisfilmasthebasisofdiscussioninclassandalsoasthefocusofaThinkPiecewhichrequired
studentstorespondtovariousquestionsthatwereposedbytheinstructor.Thefollowingcontainsthediscussion
questionsandmaterialsfortheThinkPiece.

DiscussionQuestionsonTheBattleofAlgiers
Thefollowingquestionswillberaisedinclass.Studentsshouldbepreparedtorespondtothesequestions:
Whatarethecentrallessonsofthefilm"BattleofAlgiers"?
Whatdoyoulearnaboutterrorismfromwatchingthisfilm?
Howdoesthefilmportraytheterrorists?HowdoesitportraytheFrench?What'syourpersonalopinionofeach
group?
WhattheFrenchstrategyfordealingwiththeFLN?Wasitsuccessful
ornot?
Howdidterroristsrecruitthecentralcharacter,Ali?Howdoyourecruitnewmembers?
HowweretheAlgeriannationalistsultimatelyabletoousttheFrench
fromAlgeriaandestablishanindependentstate?
HowdidAlgeriadifferfromotherFrenchcolonies?
ThePLOearlyintheirexistencefollowedastrategyremarkablysimilartothatemployedbytheFLN,canyou
speculateonwhythisstrategyhasnotbeenassuccessfulforthePLOasitwasfortheFLN?Whatarethe
similaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthesetwocases?
Conclusion:What'syourviewofthefilm?Didyoulikeit,dislikeit,finditinterestingornot.Whatwasyour
interpretationofthefilm?
Assignment:
WritingaCriticalThinkPieceontheMovie,
"BattleofAlgiers."
ByDickLangill

Theassignmentwillcalluponstudentstowriteacriticalessayonthemeaningandnatureofterrorismafter
watchingthemovie,"BattleofAlgiers."ThisFrenchmovie(withEnglishsubtitles)focusesontheevents
surroundingthebrutalcampaigntoachieveindependencefromFrancethatragedfromthelate1950'sthrough
1962.

Someofthequestionsthatstudentsshouldconsiderincludethefollowing:

1.Howdoesthemoviedefineterrorism?Howdoterroristsdifferfromfreedomfighters?Who
definesterrorist?
2.Howdoesthemovieportraytheterrorists/freedomfighters?HowdoesitportraytheFrench?
3.HowdidtheFLN(NationalLiberationFront)enlistrecruitstofightagainsttheFrench
occupation?IfyouwerealeaderoftheFLNwhatfactorswouldcontributetoyourabilityto
recruitnewfighters?WhatactiondidtheFrenchtakethatradicalizedtheopposition?
4.HowwouldyouevaluatetheFrenchstrategyfordealingwiththeterrorists/freedomfighters?
Wasitsuccessful?Whyorwhynot?WhatshouldtheFrenchhavedoneinAlgeria?
5.Howdoesonesuccessfullyprosecutecounterterroristwarfare?
6.HowdidAlgeriadifferfromotherFrenchcolonies?WhydidFrancewanttoholdonto
Algeria?WhatroledidFrance'sproblemsinholdingontoothercolonialareahaveinhowthey
behavedinAlgeria?
7.ComparetheAlgerianwarwiththePLOcampaigntoestablishaPalestinianStateinthe
MiddleEast.Whatarethesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthesetwomovements?Whywere
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theAlgerianssuccessfulinobtainingtheirindependencewhilethePalestinianshavebeen
frustratedintheirdesiretocreateaPalestinianstate?
8.WhatroledidoutsidepressurefromforeigngovernmentsandtheUnitedNationsplayin
Algeria'sindependencemovement?
9.WhatlessonscanAmericansinIraqlearnfromtheexperienceoftheFrenchinAlgeria?
10.What'syourviewofthefilm?Didyoulikethefilm?Why?Whynot?Didthefilmcallinto
questionanyofyourbeliefsaboutterrorismandhowterrorismisportrayedintheAmerican
media?

BattleofAlgiers

ThePentagon'sFilmFestival:AprimerforTheBattleofAlgiersbyCharlesPaulFreund
http://www.slate.com/id/2087628/

ANastyBusinessbyBruceHoffmann.TheAtlanticMonthly|January2002
http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/prem/200201/hoffman

PrescientTensebyPeterRainer
RecreatingthecarnageoffiftiesAlgeriabombings,assassinations,policetortureTheBattleofAlgiersisas
relevanttodayasitwasin1965.
http://www.newyorkmetro.com/nymetro/movies/reviews/n_9697/

AwarfilmwithstrikingrelevancebyEmoryHolmesII,LATimes.
Thevividdepictionofrevoltandterrorismin1965's"BattleofAlgiers"spursU.S.scrutinyandreflectionbyits
makers.
http://www.filmforum.com/films/algierslatimes.html

GuerrillasintheMistbyChristopherHitchens
WhythewarinIraqisnothinglikeTheBattleofAlgiers.
http://slate.msn.com/id/2093381/

BattleofAlgiersbyKevinBeary
http://www.lewrockwell.com/orig3/beary4.html

LookingBackontheBattleofAlgiersbyLouisProyect
http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/proyect120805.html

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