Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ΧΥΤΑ
ΧΥΤΑ
. .
..: 209
, 2012
:
. .
..: 209
, 2012
. .
,
, ,
.
5
.6
1..7
2.1
..8
2.2 .11
2.3 .14
2.4 17
2.5 ....18
3. .
3.1 .23
3.2
25
3.2.1 25
3.2.2 ..27
3.2.3 .28
3.4 ..31
3.5 .. .42
4. .44
..45
links.45
.46
.
.
,
.
().
.
.
.
. ,
.
Abstract
The present paper involves the recording of parameters associated with
landfills.
It analyzes the main methods of managing municipal solid waste and the
legislative framework governing it. The landfill method is one of them and the
Landfill is the way of application..
Presents the environmental impacts of landfills and focuses in the exclusion
criteria applied to candidates for landfill siting areas.
The paper also examines the Greek and European legislation and examples of
sitting and operation of such projects in Greece. Furthermore, the reactions of
citizens over the issue are examined.
1.
X
Y T ().
.
,
.
, , , , ..
,
,
, . ,
,
(.) .
,
.
2.1
24
,
,
.
() ,
(..), 475 kgr/
2010, 2000 1995 408kgr/ 302kgr/
,
.
2.1
() .
( / )
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
6.600.000 7.100.000 6.700.000 8.100.000 9.000.000
2.1. ( / )
: ()
(, ., ,
., , ., 2004):
- ( )
- ( )
-
(.... ,
..).
,
1960, ,
, ,
,
(, .,
, ., , ., 2004).
2006,
, 3-5 km
10-15 .
(), 1100 ...
, 2005
34.000 .
,
(Christopoulos,
2005).
:
.
,
.
...
21/12/2008.
2005,
. ,
, 2008 500 ....
10
2.2
(Bilitewski, Hardtle, Marek, 1997),
( 4.3), :
1)
2)
3)
2.2.1 ,
URL -2
2.2.1.
( 4.3) . ,
()
compost.
() ,
( , P ).
11
,
.
, ,
..
. ,
,
, (, 2005).
,
.
, ,
.., . ,
,
,
(, 2005).
2.2.2
,
(-),
.
,
65% 90%. ,
(pyrolysis),
(gasification),
( CH4 2) (, 2005).
(, , CO, CO2, SO2, HCl, , ..)
(10-30%), . ,
12
, ,
,
()
. ,
,
(, 2005).
2.2.3
,
,
(50%
) (Christopoulos, 2005).
.
()
(, 2001).
(Vasiloglou, 2004):
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
(, , ,
2004):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. (~25 ).
2.3
. , ,
,
, 69728/96, 113944/97
114218/97,
.
1. 69728/96 113944/97
. : )
, )
(.. ,
, , ..), )
( ,
14
, , , ..).
2.
114218/97
69728/96 113944/97, :
( ,
, , ..),
( ,
, , ..)
(, ). ,
.
3. 50910/2727 ( 1909/22-12-2003)
.
.
.
4. 29407/3508/2002 ( 1572/16-12-2002)
.
5. 114218/97 ( 1016 /17-11-97)
.
,
.
6.
49541/1424/86
( 358/17-5-1996)
75/422/ 15
1975.
.
7. 69269/5387/90 ( 678/25-10-1990)
15
, ...
.1650/1986.
.
8. 1650/1986 ( 160 /18-10-86)
.
, ,
, , ,
(, 2005).
.
, , , ,
, , .. 199/31/ ..
.
. :
,
(, 2005).
,
(, 2005):
-
-
(...)
16
2.4
, (2001),
()
,
.
(.
) (, .,
, ., , ., 2004).
H (CH4, CO2, SO2, NH3, H2S ..)
, . ,
.... ,
.
(CH4) (CO2) '
50/50 . ,
, ,
(, 2005).
,
, ,
(, 2005).
17
2.5
, .
, ,
, , , ,
. (, 2000).
,
, ,
, ,
,
(, 2000).
2.5 , (, 2000)
18
,
.
,
( , ,
, ,
) (, ).
(
)
(, 2000).
, k10-7m/s ( k cm/s).
,
k10-7 m/s,
k10-9 m/s.
5 m
. ,
, ,
,
,
(, 2005).
19
,
(.. ). ,
(), pH (
(
) . ,
(, 2001).
.
,
, ,
.
.
,
(<15%) .
(, 2000).
, , , ,
..,
(Vasiloglou, 2000).
20
, ,
(
2.000 ,
, .
1947/91 ). ,
300 m, 3.000 m . (, 2000).
. ,
, 1,
-
100 m, 300 m (, 2000).
,
, , ,
,
. (, ., , .,
, ., 2004).
21
, ,
..
, ..,
(,
..)
(Vasiloglou,2004).
,
. ,
(Vasiloglou,2004).
,
(, 2000):
:
,
, ,
(, , ..)
.
,
, , , .
,
22
, ..
(Vasiloglou, 2001).
.
,
, , ..
,
,
.
,
3. .
3.1
1986
,
.
,
,
. ....
. .... (
)
(, ., , .,
, ., .).
23
(, , , , ..),
..
( )
.
(), ,
(, et al.).
,
,
,
,
.
()
. ,
, ..
()
(, et al.).
. ,
,
.
,
,
. ,
,
(, , , 2011).
24
(....,
2010),
77 ...., 7.861.586
3,0 . .
.
.
()
70.427
117.594
11
116.989
59.826
281.319
183.037
140.651
147.875
1.642.500
10.900
22.418
161.691
76.344
3.031.571
2
7
5
5
7
1
2
4
19
10
77
3.2
.
.
3.2.1
:
114218/97
, .
25
(, et al, 2011).
,
().
(, et al.).
:
.
. ,
,
(, et al, 2011).
/ :
.
(, et
al.).
26
:
(, et al.).
3.2.2
.
,
. ,
,
. , ,
(, et
al.).
,
:
- :
, .
,
,
.
,
(, et al.).
27
:
.
,
(, et al, 2011).
:
.
,
,
.
,
(, et al,
2011).
3.2.3
Not In My BackYard NIMBY (: ).
,
.
. ,
,
.
28
3.2.3.1. , URL -6
,
3.2.3.1,
(: http://exotaxyta.blogspot.com/) .
,
, . ,
.
3.2.3.2. , URL -3
29
3.2.3.3. , URL -4
3.2.3.4. , URL -5
, ,
. ,
,
.
30
3.4
3.4.1 ....
- (, ,
, 2006)
,
.
2000 2002.
1998.
, . 50%
.
.
( )
.
5.1 ,
.
31
5.1.
,
.
.
,
, ,
.
, ,
32
.
.
,
25 . 100.000ton / 190.000 m3
10 .
1.500
( ) .
. 3.896.
8km. ,
(
, '
).
.... ,
.
, ,
3,5Km
GR1240005 ( 5.2).
,
( 3,5Km) ( 5.3).
33
34
5.3.
,
(
) .
28
.
,
.
,
,
35
. ,
, .
,
.
.
,
.
( - ,
).
, :
1. (
/ )
2. (
)
3. .
4. .
,
,
.
36
.
1. :
2.
3. ( monitoring)
4.
5. .
,
.
. ,
: ,
,
.
. ,
(, , ..).
....,
:
.
.
37
.
,
,
.
.
.
. ,
.
,
,
.
,
,
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
38
, ,
(, , ..)
:
.
.
. .
3.4.2
( .)
, ,
,
.
, 3
25 .
,
, ,
,
, ,
, ,
, .
39
1.500 .
560 , 200 .
3.240.000 m3
, 30 .
(15%-25%).
850 m 5% .
+ 180m + 230m.
,
.
,
4 m.
( )
, ( 1x10-9
m/sec).
+
60m ,
,
140m.
40
,
.
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
, , ,
, , , ..
,
, (2 )
(25 ),
.
41
3.5 ..
20 , .
.
(EEA,2007).
,
:
- H
- H
- H
- H
- H .
3.5.1 , URL -7
..
,
.
(EEA,2009):
1. :
.
2. :
.
42
3. :
.
4. :
.
,
( 3.5.2),
( 3.5.2)
( 4.2). ,
.
(URL -8).
3.5.2.
2010,
()
2004
2005
2005
2005
4.2. ( )
,
43
4.
,
.
,
. .
,
.
.
,
, .
,
,
,
. (, et al.).
,
,
, ,
.
44
:
.
...
... -
links ( 2012):
URL -1:
www.econews.gr
URL -2:
www.kinisipoliton.gr
URL -3:
www.antigeitonies.blogspot.com
URL -4:
http://xyta-lefkimis.blogspot.com/
URL -5:
xpolis.blogspot.com
URL -6:
http://exotaxyta.blogspot.com/
URL -7:
http://www.minenv.gr/anakyklosi/v.menu/plia/plia.html
URL -8:
http://www.ypeka.gr/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=VcOTEz9Rvtw%3D&tabid=438
45
.
, . (2005) . :
.
, ., , ., , . (2004)
. .
.
, ., , ., , ., .. (2004)
.
. .
, . (2001) ()
. : .
()
: www.eedsa.gr
& 2007-2013 (2007)
.
.
, . (2000) . .
: .
, ., , ., , . (2004)
:
. . : 7
.
46
, ., , ., , ., .
: .
()
()
, ., , ., , . (2011),
(...)
. Earth Engineering Center, Columbia University.
(2006),
/ . : .
, . (2005) .
. .
47
Bilitewski, B., Hardtle, G. Marek K., (1997), Waste Management. Springler, Berlin
Christopoulos, G.P (2005), Waste treatment in Greece after the passage of EU
Landfill Directive. Landfill Bioreactor Cell treatment as sustainable solution. Lund
University International Master Program in Environmental Sciences, Lund
University
European Environment Agency (2007), The road from landfilling to recycling:
common destination, different routes. Copenhagen: EEA
European
Environment Agency
landfill,
48
(
)
.
<10
10-15
15-20
20-25
>25
>5
4-5
1.5-2 km
2-3 km
3-4 km
4-5 km
>5 km
1.5-2 km
2-3 km
3-4 km
4-5 km
>5 km
1-2 km
2-3 km
3-4 km
4-5 km
>5 km
6
7
.
.
, ,
.
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1-2 km
2-3 km
3-4 km
4-5 km
>5 km
1.5-2 km
2-3 km
3-4 km
4-5 km
>5 km
1-2 km
2-3 km
3-4 km
4-5 km
>5 km
1-2 km
2-3 km
3-4 km
4-5 km
>5 km
1-2 km
2-3 km
3-4 km
4-5 km
>5 km
3-5 km
0.5-1 km
5-7 km
1-2 km
7-8.5 km
2-3 km
8.5-10 km
3-5 km
>10 km
>5 km
0.5-1.5 km
1.5-3 km
3-4 km
4-5 km
>5 km
0.2-0.4 km
0.4-0.6 km
0.6-0.8 km
0.8-1 km
>1 km
1-2 km
2-3 km
3-4 km
4-5 km
>5 km
1-2 km
2-3 km
3-4 km
4-5 km
>5 km
50
20
21
23
.
.
.
24
22
10 - 5 m
5 - 10 m
0-5m
<10%
10-20%
20-30%
30-50%
>50%
<20%
20-40%
40-60%
60-80%
> 80%
<10%
10-20%
20-30%
30-50%
>50%
.
.
.
<20%
<20%
20-40%
20-40%
28
29
<20%
20-40%
40-60%
60-80%
> 80%
30
>75km
50-75 km
30-50km
15-30km
<15
25
26
27
40-60%
40-60%
60-80%
60-80%
> 80%
> 80%
51
31
.
.
<5m
5-10 m
10-15m
15-25m
<1 5 m
>250 mm
175 - 250 mm
100 - 175 mm
50 - 100 mm
<50 mm
34
/
/
35
/
/
36
5 - 10 (10-5)
m/sec
15 - 35 (10-5) m/sec
35 - 50 (10-5)
m/sec
>50 (10-5)
m/sec
37
38
<5%
20%
5 - 10%
80%
15-20%
40%
>20%
20%
>20
15-20
10-15
5-10
<5
32
33
37
40
.
.
10-15%
60%
52