Concertina wire

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Triple concertina wire fence

Concertina wire or Dannert Wire[1] is a type of barbed wire or razor wire that is formed in large coils
which can be expanded like aconcertina. In conjunction with plain barbed wire and steel pickets, it is
used to form military wire obstacles.[2]
During World War I soldiers manufactured concertina wire themselves, using ordinary barbed wire.
Today, it is factory-made.
Contents
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1Origins

2Dannert wire

3Triple concertina wire

4"Constantine" wire

5See also

6References

6.1Notes

6.2General references
7Further reading

Origins[edit]

A sketch of a typical concertina wire obstacle

Concertina wire can be a feature of prisons.

In World War I, barbed wire obstacles were made by stretching lengths of barbed wire between
stakes of wood or iron. At its simplest, such a barrier would resemble a fence as might be used for
agricultural purposes.[3] The double apron fence comprised a line of pickets with wires running
diagonally down to points on the ground either side of the fence. Horizontal wires were attached to
these diagonals.[3]
More elaborate and formidable obstructions could be formed with multiple lines of stakes connected
with wire running from side-to-side, back-to-front, and diagonally in every possible direction.
Effective as these obstacles were, their construction took considerable time.
Barbed wire obstacles were vulnerable to being pushed about by artillery shells; in World War I, this
frequently resulted in a mass of randomly entangled wires that could be even more daunting than a
carefully constructed obstacle. Learning this lesson, World War I soldiers would deploy barbed wire
in so-called concertinas that were relatively loose. Barbed wire concertinas could be pre-prepared in
the trenchesand then deployed in no-man's-land relatively quickly under cover of darkness.
There was what might be called a concertina craze on: innumerable coils of barbed wire were
converted into concertinas by the simple process of winding them round and round seven upright
stakes in the ground; every new lap of wire was fastened to the one below it at every other stake by
a twist of plain wire; the result, when you came to the end of a coil and lifted the whole up off the
stakes was heavy ring of barbed wire that concertina'd out into ten-yard lengths. [4]

Concertina wire packs flat for ease of transport and can then be deployed as an obstacle much more
quickly than ordinary barbed wire.
A platoon of soldiers can deploy a single concertina fence at a rate of about a kilometer per hour.
Such an obstacle is not very effective by itself, and concertinas are normally built up into more
elaborate patterns as time permits.
Today, concertina wire is factory made and is available in forms that can be deployed very rapidly
from the back of a vehicle or trailer.[5]

Dannert wire[edit]
Oil-tempered barbed wire was developed during World War I; it was much harder to cut than
ordinary barbed wire. During the 1930s, German Horst Dannert developed concertinas of this highgrade steel wire. The result was entirely self-supporting; it did not require any vertical posts. [6] An
individual Dannert wire concertina could be compressed into a compact coil that could be carried by
one man and then stretched out along its axis to make a barrier 50 feet (15 m) long and each coil
could be held in place with just three staples hammered into the ground. [7]
Dannert wire was imported into Britain from Germany before World War II.[8] During the invasion
crisis of 19401941, the demand for Dannert wire was so great that some was produced with low
manganese steel wire which was easier to cut. This material was known as "Yellow Dannert" after
the identifying yellow paint on the concertina handles. To compensate for the reduced effectiveness
of Yellow Dannert, an extra supply of pickets were issued in lieu of screw pickets. [9]

Triple concertina wire[edit]

A barrier known as a triple concertina wire fence consists of two parallel concertinas joined by twists
of wire and topped by a third concertina similarly attached. The result was an extremely effective
barrier with many of the desirable properties of a random entanglement. A triple concertina fence
could be deployed very quickly: it is possible for a party of five men to deploy 50 yards (46 m) of
triple concertina fence in just 15 minutes. Optionally, triple concertina fence could be strengthened
with uprights, but this increases the construction time significantly.[7]

"Constantine" wire[edit]
Concertina wire is sometimes mistakenly called "constantine" wire. "Constantine" probably came
from a corruption/misunderstanding of "Concertina" and led to confusion with the Roman Emperor
Constantine. This in turn has led to some people trying to differentiate between concertina wire and
"constantine" wire by assigning the term "constantine wire" to what is commonly known as razor
wire. In contrast to the double-helical construction of concertina wire, as shown being deployed by
airmen in the image, razor wire, or less commonly "constantine wire", consists of a single wire with
projecting teeth periodically along its length.[10]

See also[edit]