, ,

:
: .
2006
30


.
1-4....15
5-7....17
8-918
10-15....20
16.....21
17.23
18.24
.
1-440
5-8....41
9-12..42
13-15....43

.
1...9
2...9
.
1-2..34
3-4..35
5-6..36
7-8..37
9-1038
11-12..39
13-14..44
15...45

31


..6
. ..7
1.

...8

2.

.10

2.1

.10

2.2

11

2.3

.12

2.4

13

3.

- - ...13

3.1

..13

3.2

.....13

3.3

14

4.

...16

4.1

Homotoma ficus (L), (Homoptera, Psyllidae) . ..........16

4.2

Ceroplastes rusci (L) (Homoptera, Coccidae) .

...17
4.3

Silba adipata McAlpine) (Diptera, Lonchaeidae) . ,

....19
4.4

Anthophila nenorana Hubner (Simaethis nemorana, Hemorophila nemorana)

(Lepidoptera, Glyphipterygidae)......23
4.5

Blastophaga psenes L (Hymenoptera, Agaonidae) . ..26

5.

27

5.1

.27

5.2

29

5.3

..29

. 30
1

:...31

: 31

2.1

...31

2.2

- ...32

2.3

.33

32

2.4

..33
3

34

3.1

34

3.2

...36

3.3

...37

3.4

38

3.5

.39

3.6

.40

3.7

.....45

3.8

...47

3.9

...47

3.10

47

4.

...48

49
INTERNET.51

33

, ,

1.
Ficu carica ,
(Moraceae)

.
,
.
, 5 7 .
3 5 .

.
.
.
.
, ,
,
, .

.
. .

.
, .
() :
1. : .
3-5 , .
() , .
2. : .

34

. (3-5 )
, .
: , ,
, ,
,
( ).
,
(Plastophaga psenes L.)
. (, 2006)

: , , , , .
, , ..., , ,
, .
, ,
,
. 36.000
24.000 ( , 1993).
:
.
.
( ),
.
.
( ) .. 1813 : :
.
: ,
. (2.900
). , .
, ( )
().
.
, , ,
.

35

2. .
2.1

.
( )
( ) A .
95.000
, 2.000.000

, , .
30.000 20.000
( 1) (National statistical service of Greece, 1981, 1986,
1993).
1: .

28.000
19.000
1.243.000
95.000

1.981.000

2. 33
. , 25
(Davidis, 1977; Sfakiotakis, 1985; Pontikis,
1987).
2:
N.
N.
N
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15.

Kalamon
Kimis
Vasiliki White
Vasiliki Black
Argalastis
Fragasana
Apostoliatika
Politiko
Livano
Prasinosikia Lesv
Kanates
Delonika Naxou
Boukia Samou
Aspra Clirou
Paradiso 317

16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30.

Luri Crossa
Bazanata
Opsima Hirokitias
Ahelias
Perdikosika
Tropicana
Mission
Prodromi White
Klirou Black
Murara
Pescarola No 319
Psoma
Bragiotto Nero
Bragiotto Blanco
Melo Grano No 266

31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45.

36

Volte L'anno
Napolitana Negra
Rosso Dendro
Lansi Anese
Cola Blanche
Analata
Colombra Nera 308
Melograno
Gentile Bianco
Vardika
Porto Galo
Diuri No 320
Kiladonika Clirou
San Pielio
Aspra Polis

N
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54-86

Alfiore
Dottato
Vertino
Kalimirna
Braziliana
Black
Green
Yellow
33 local selections

2.2

.
) :
, .

30 cm 40 cm ,
.

.
.

.

, .


. ,
30 cm 20
cm. . .
,
( ).
. 10
.
30 .
) :


, ...

. ,
.
) :
.
: 1) , ,, 2)
..

37


, ,
.
(, , ) o
, 10-15cm .
2-3 cm .
1,5 gr .

.
) :
,
.
, .
.

.
2.3

.
)

, )
( )
.
,
, , .

.


.
.
20cm
,
.
.

38

 :
.

, , ()
2
.
2.4

.
,

.
, 8
, 15
18 .
, ,
5-10 cm .

,
, (3)
.
3.
3.1

- T.

.

.
,
.
3.2

. (, )
.
. ,
.

39

: .

.
3.3

, ,
.
- .
(1300-1500 )
,
.
, (4%
1/2% ).
.

( ),
, .
30-60 ,
, .
50
1-1'/2 20 .
.
,
, .
, , ,
. ,
, 60 25
. , (
), 1300 .
, 1600 .
2 , 600 . 650 . . (
3-4 ).
() 1/2-12/2/2. : .. 1,2-2,4 , ..2,5-5 .. 1/2-1
( 6-10-6), 4 8
40

 , (' ).
500-650 . 70-100 . .
0-21/2-1/2 ( 0-10-6) 650-1300
. .
, ,
225-350 . , 500-650 .
, 100-160 . , ,
( 50 ).
, 1'/2-211/2. : .. 0,2-0,6 .. 0,35-1 .. 0,1-0,25
( 6-8-6) 0,7-2 .
400650 ,
,
( ).
,
, 10-13 .
, ,
, << >>
(), 1300 . 4 .
,
( ),
2-3-1. .. 38-76 .. 75150 .. 8-16 ( 8-12-4) 100-200 .

100 .

.
:

.
,
, ,
, .
41


-
80% , ,

().

4.

4.1

Homotoma ficus (L), (Homoptera, Psyllidae)

.
. 3-5 mm, 1,3 mm ,
(. 1). . ,
, 0,4 mm (. 2).
( ) , 2,5 2,6 mm
. ,
3 (. 3,4).
. .

1-4: Homoptera ficus. 1( ). 1 2( ).

3,4( ).

42

-. .
. , ,
.
. 3
, .
.

.
. ( et al., 1998)
, .
. ,

.
4.2

Ceroplastes rusci (L) (Homoptera, Coccidae)

.
. 3-5, 2-3 2-3
mm. , . , ,
9 , 8
( , 6 ). 8
.
, ,
, .
(.5). .
, 1-1,2 mm.
.

43

. .

5-7. Ceroplastes rusci: 5. .6. .7.

, (.6).
( )
.
. ,
, , Pstacia terebinthus, , , .
-. 2 .
. 10001500 , .
1 , ,
. , , ,
, (.7,8).
( et al., 1998). 2 3
1 . ,
, .

44

 .
.
.

o Eumblemma
(Coccidiphaga) scitula Ramb., Scutellista cyanea Motsch
(.9) Chilocirus Exochomus.

8-9.Ceroplastes rusci:8. , .9.

. , ,

(malathion

diazinon

..),

(carbaryl,methomyl), , .
.

2 .
4.3

Silba adipata McAlpine) (Diptera, Lonchaeidae)

. ,
. 3,5-4,5 mm, 8 mm
, (. 10).

45

 , (ventrum)
. .
. 0,9 0,22 mm, , ,
(. 11).
. , , ,
Tepritidae. 6-8mm. .
3,5-4 mm.
. () () ,
Ficus carica F.pseudocarica.
F.pseudocoriaria.
-. 4-6 . Silvestri ( et al., 1998)
.
.
( et al., 1998).
, ,

(Katsoyannos1983) .. , ,
, ( )
' .
() ,
, (Katsoyannos1983). Talhouk ( et al., 1998)
2-4 ,

46

 10-15.Silba adipata.:10. .11. ()

.12 .13
.14 () ().15
.

4,
.
35 30.
47

 .
.
(. 12). , ,
(. 13). S.adipata
. . , ,
(. 14), .
. (. 15),
( 10cm).

16.Silba adipata. McPhail .

. S.adipata
,
.
48

 ,
. S.adipata .
o , ,
Blastophaga psenes, ' ,
.
. ,
. ,

(Katsoyannos 1983a).
. ,
McPhail ( 16),
(Katsoyannos and Guerin1984),

.
.
dimethoate, trichlorfon ..,
.
2 3 .
( ),

(80cm) .
,

(Lonchaeididae),

Lamprolonchaea

smaragdi

(Walker)

(Katsoyannos, 1983b).
, , ..
.
4.4

Anthophila nenorana Hubner

(Simaethis nemorana, Hemorophila nemorana)

(Lepidoptera, Glyphipterygidae)
. 14-20 mm Tortricidae.
()
(. 17). ,
. ,
.
49

, (
) ,
.
. Silvestri ( et al., 1998),

17.Anthophila nemoran. .

12 mm ,
. Picard
( et al., 1998) 20mm,

. , ,
2 () .
.
. , , 8 mm,
, .
. (Ficus carica), .
-.
. 2 ,
3 .
, .
. ,

50

 , .
, ,
,
. ,
-
. , ,
, .

(. 18).

. .

18. .Anthophila nemoran.

. .
.
. ,
, , 1
, ,
-
.
51

4.5

Blastophaga psenes L (Hymenoptera, Agaonidae).

.
. , , , 2,5
mm. ,,
( et al., 1998).
. , Ficus carica L. :
, ,
.
, , (Syconium).
, .
.
(fioroni, orni, profichi).
. (forniti,mammoni)
.
, , .
(cratiri,mamme) ,
. , .
-. 3 ,
-. , , .
,
.
, ,

.
. , ,
, ,
. ()
, .
,
"".
, ,
. ,
.
, , ,
52

 .
,
. ,
, , .
( et al.,
1998). ,
Mission Kadota.
.
.
, ().
() -
.
,
. , ,
, Calimyrna Lob Injir White San Pedro.
, ( et al., 1998)
, , .
, ,
.
.
.
, (Ficus),
, .

5.

5.1

1. [: ) Armilaria mellea )Rosellinia necatrix]

2. [: Cerotelium fici ]
3. [: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum]
4. :
Alternaria fici
Alternaria sp
Aspergillus niger

53

Aspergillus sp
Cytosporella sycina
Diplodiella caricae
Fusarium sp
Fusarium moniloforme
Fusarium roseum
Macrophoma sycophila
Macrosporium sp
Microdiplodia fici
Phoma cinerescens
Phylosticta caricae
Rhabdospora tenuis
Trichothecium roseum
(:Rossellinia necatrix,.. Dematophora necatrix,rmillariasp.)
e
. R. necatrix .
rmillaria sp. .


.
().
. ,
. . (
, 1995).
(: Fusarium spp. )
.
"" . , .
Fusarium spp.

.
:

.

54


, benomyl
0,05% + 2%. 20
.
Fusarium spp,Alternaria spp Rhizopus spp.
.
,
.(Obenauf et al., 1992).
5.2

(fig mosaic)
,
Aceria ficus.
,
.
, ,
. .

.
, , (fig potyvirus,FigCV),
, S.
(fig S carlavirus) (Brunt, 1991).
5.3

1. ,
2. ,
3.

55

56

1.

,
, .
, , ,
,
.
.


.

.
, .


. )
, , , ,
) )
.

.

(2)

,
.

2.

2.1

, ,
. ,
.
,

57

 (),
()
.
15 ( 20 )
(
)
1 15 1, 2, 3 15.
,
, . 1 ().
2.2

-
:

, 10 cm 20 cm ,
(Indole 3 Butyric acid IBA 0.2%
w/w) ,
1:1:1.

1. : 25 cm
().
2. .
3.:
.
,
.
: , ,
2/3
.
4. : )
. 3
., ) ,
25 , )
Complesall 2020-20 (0.5 10 ).
10 20
.
58

2.3

:
4

.
.
1 : )1 (), )3 (
), )4 (), )5 ( ) , )6 ( )
)7 () 16-06-04
23-06-04 2 (Mission).
2 .

, )11() )13()
12-07-04.
3
.. )8(
) )12( ) 23-09-04
4 450
.
)10() )15( ) 12-08-04
)14( ) 02-09-04 )9( ) 28-10-04
, :
, , , .


. 2-3 .
.
Sony
.
2.4

) gr() 10 . )
, ,
(). )
: 20
59

 100% , ) :


, ) :
, ) :

, ) : , ) :
, ) :

, ) :

, ,

.

3.

: 20
, 15 . 5
.
.
3.1

:
(2)
,
, .

, ,
, .
12( )
.(.
11-12)

60

 1-2. 1
(), 2 (Mission).

1. 1 ()

2.2 (Mission)

85%
2-3

100%
1


6-7

10 10

20 5

(gr/10 )

568

723

(cm)

5,38

6,23

(cm)

4,63

5,40

(cm)

(cm)

0,53

1,81

0,62

0,57

:
2
(Mission) (100%)( 1-2.), 3 ( ) (95%)( 3-4.), 4
() (90%)( 3-4.), 9( ) (100%)( 9-10.), 10()
(100%)( 9-10.) . (100%)( 13-14.),
90% .

7 ()

(50%)( 7-8.) 5 ( )
(60%)( 5-6.) , 12 (
) (0%)( 11-12.)

61

 3-4. 3 (
), 4 ().

3.3
(
)
4.4 ()
95%

90%

2-3

2-3

(2 )15
15

()

(gr/10 )

684,5

847,5

(cm)

5,24

5,81

(cm)

5,11

5,73

(cm)

(cm)

2,13

1.17

0,46

0,61

15 20

.
3 ( ) (95%)( 3-4.), 1
() (85%)( 1-2.), 5 ( )
(60%)( 5-6.) (75%)( 5-6.)

Lionakis et al. 2000).
...
.
3.2

.
2-3
.
, 2 (Mission), 6 ( ),
14( ) 15( ).
62

 5-6. 5
( ), 6 ( ).

5.5 ( 6.6 (
)
)

60%
2-3

75%

(2 ) 10
5

(2 ) 15
20

(gr/10 )

349

844

(cm)

4,23

5.99

(cm)

4,07

5,82

(cm)

0,09

0,57

(cm)

0,64

0,32

15( )
.
3.3

.
2 (Mission),
6-7 ( 1-2.) , 8( ),
( 7-8.),
9( ) ( 9-10.),
13() ( 1314.). 11()

.

63

 7-8. 7
(), 8( ).

7.7 ()

8.8(
)

50%

75%

1


10 25

10

(gr/10 )

467

481

(cm)

3.38

4,21

(cm)

4.36

5,04

(cm)

(cm)

0.33

1,47

0.54

0,82

3.4

:
)
, : 1 (), 3 (
), 4 (), . , 7 ().
) :
1.2 (Mission) 20 5 ( 1-2.),
2.6 ( ) 15 20 ( 5-6.), 10()
25 10
( 9-10.).
3. 11() 25 25 , 15( ) 20 25
( 11-12.),
4.13() 5 5 (13-14.).
)
. :

64

14( ) 20 25 ( 13-14.),

12( ). 20 20 ( 11-12.),

9( ) 1 10 ( 9-10.)

8( ) 10 25 ( 7-8.).

9-10. 9(
), 10().

9.9(
)

10.10()

100%

100%

10

10

2-3

25

10

(gr/10 )

408

478

(cm)

4,43

4,43

(cm)

4,81

4,35

(cm)

0,83

1,83

(cm)

0,63

1,10

,
.
3.5

14( )
,

.
.

13() ,
.
65

 11-12.
11(), 12( ).

11.
11()

12.
12(
)

70%

0%
2-3

25 25

(2

( )

(gr/10 )

310

107

(cm)

4,30

3,5

(cm)

2,71

2,86

(cm)

,25

1,23

(cm)

0,35

0,44

3.6

)20

20

() (, 1.), 4 ()(, 4.), 5 ( )(, 5.) 7

()(, 7.), 8( ) (, 8.), 9( )(, 9.),
10()(, 10.), 15( )(, 15.).
2 (Mission)(, 2.), 6 ( )(, 6.)
3 ( )(, 3.)
.
11()(, 11.), 12( ) (, 12.)
14( )(, 14.)

.
2 (Mission) (, 2.), 5 ( )(, 5.),
11()(, 11.) 15( )(, 15.).

66

. 1: 1 ()

. 3: 3
( )

. 2: 2 (Mission)

. 4 : 4
()
67

. 6: 6 (
)

. 5: 5 (
)

. 7: 7
()

. 8: 8(
)

68

. 9:
9( )

. 10:
10()

. 11:
11()

. 12:
12( )

69

. 13:
13()

. 14:
14( )

. 15:
15( )

70

13-14.

13(), 14( ).

13.13()

80%
2-3

(3)

472
4,67
4,55
,95

100%
(
)

(2 )20
25

(
)

(2 )

230
4,98
3,52
1,15

0,65

0,71

5 5




(gr/10 )
(cm)
(cm)
(cm)

(cm)

3.7

14.14(
)

10
408 /(10 ) 847,5 /(10 ) :
1)1 () 568/(10),
2)2 (Mission) 723/(10),
3)3 ( ) 684,5/(10),
4)4 () 847,5/(10),
5) 6( ) 844/(10),
6)8( ) 481/(10),
7)9( ) 408/(10),
8)7 () 467/(10),
9)10() 478/(10),
10)13() 472/(10)
11)15( ) 412/(10).
4 400 gr.
11() 310/(10), 12( ). 107/(10),
71

 15. 15(
)

15.15( )

70%

20 25

(gr/10 )

412

(cm)

3,87

(cm)

4,35

(cm)

0,53

(cm)

0,78

14( ) 230/(10), 5 ( ) 349/(10)

.
6 ( )
844/(10), 4 () 847,5/(10 ) 3 (
) 684,5 /(10 ) 2 (Mission) 723/(10 ).
2 (Mission) 6,23 cm
6 ( ) 5,99 cm.
, 1,81cm 2
(Mission) 0,57 cm 6 ( ) .
5,40 cm
2 (Mission) 5,82 cm 6 ( ).
- ,

4,07 cm 5,82 cm 11() 2,71cm,

12( ). 2,86cm. 14( ) 3,52cm
4 cm.
72

 9( ) 8( )

1,47 cm 8(
) 0,83 cm 9( ), 8(
) .
3.8

13()

, .
9( ) 8( )

.
11()
10() 60% 11()
20% 10().
3.9

13() 70%
,
o
. 60%,
,
.
3.10

,
, 8( ) 6 ( )
.
: 1 (), 2 (Mission), 4 (), 10(),
13(), 3 : 10%
60% 30%.

73

 7 (), 15( ), 5 ( )
.
.
9( ) 8( ) ,

. 15( )
20

4.

1 (), 2 (Mission), 4 (), 3 (

), 6 ( ) 5 ( ), 9(
), 10(), 8( ) 15( ),


. : , , ,
, .
7
() 15( ),

.
13() .
14( )
1 ..
14( ), 12( ) 11()

.

74


Brunt, A., 1991. In Brunt, A., Crabtree, K., Dalwitz, M., Gibbs, A. & Watson, L., 1996. (.
. ).
Chessa I., Nieddu G., Serra P., 1997 - Fig germplasm characterization using Isozyme
st
analysis. 1 Intern Symposium on fig, Izmir (Turkey), June 24 -28. Acta ISHS (in press).

Condit I. J., 1947 - The fig. Chronica Botanica Co., Waltham, Mass., USA.
Davidis, O., 1977. Elements of Fruits Culture. Athens, Greece.
Elisario P. J., Neto M.C., Pica M.C., Leitao J. M., 1997 - Isozyme and RAPDs
st
characterization of a collection of fig tree Ficus carica L. traditional varieties. 1 Intern

Symposium on fig, Izmir (Turkey), June 24 -28. Acta ISHS (in press).
Grassi G., 1997 - Studies on the Italian fig germplasm. 1st Intern Symposium on fig, Izmir
(Turkey), June 24 -28. Acta ISHS (in press).
Grassi G., 1998 - Fig. In Italian horticulture. SOI, WCHR, Roma, 17-19 June, 197-201.
Grassi G., 1998 - Studies of italian fig germplasm. Proceedings of the I
InternationalSymposium on Fig. Izmir, Turkey, June 24-28, 1997.
Grassi G., 1998 - The Fig conservation and utilisation in Italy. Abstracts Workshop on
Conservation and utilization of Minor Fruit Tree in Europe, Florence, 27 November,
1998.
Grassi G., Parillo R., 1999 - Il Fico. Informatore Agrario. (in press).
Grassi G., Santonastaso M., 1998 - The fig growing in Italy: The present state and
problems. Proceedings of the I International Symposium on Fig. Izmir, Turchia, June 2428, 1997. 31-35
Katsoyannos B.I. and Guerin P.M., 1984. Hexanol: a potent attractant for the black fig
fly Silba adipata. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 35:71-74.
Katsoyannos B.I., 1983a. Field observations on the biology and behavior of the black fig
fly Silba adipata Mc Alpine (Diptera, Lonchaeidae), and trapping experiments. Z. ang.
Ent. 95: 471-474.
Katsoyannos B.I., 1983b. Swarming of Lamprolonchaea smaragdi (Walker), (Diptera,
Lonchaeidae) and a few other Diptera observed in Chios, Greece. Mitt. Schw. Entomol.
Ges. 56:183-185.
Lionakis, S, M., 1995. Present status and future prospects of the cultivation in Greece of the
plants: Fig, Loquat, Japanese persimmon, Pomegranate and Barbary fig. Cahiers OPTIONS

75

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 INTERNET
http://www.unifi.it/project/ueresgen29/lionakis/sld030.htm
http://www.thefruitpages.com/figs.shtml
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/pljune99.htm
http://www.utextension.utk.edu/publications/spfiles/SP307-I.pdf
http://www.ipmcenters.org/cropprofiles/docs/cafigs.html
http://www.unifi.it/project/ueresgen29/ds1.htm
http://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheets/HGIC1353.htm
http://forums.gardenweb.com/forums/load/fig/msg1220161615293.html
http://www.agrool.gr/g1.htm (, 2006)

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