TNG CC MI TRNG

TRUNG TM QUAN TRC MI TRNG

PHNG PHP TNH TON CH S

CHT LNG NC (WQI)
P DNG CHO CC LU VC SNG
VIT NAM

H Ni, 6.2011

Ni dung trnh by
1. Khi nim
2. Kinh nghim xy dng, p dng WQI trn th gii
v Vit Nam
3. Phng php tnh WQI do Tng cc Mi trng
ban hnh
4. Tnh ton v p dng th nghim WQI

Khi nim v WQI

Ch s cht lng nc (vit tt l WQI) l mt ch
s c tnh ton t cc thng s quan trc cht
lng nc, dng m t nh lng v cht
lng nc v kh nng s dng ca ngun nc
; c biu din qua mt thang im.

C s xy dng phng php tnh WQI

Cc nghin cu, p dng AQI trn th gii v Vit Nam
Trn th gii: Hoa K, Canada, Chu u, Malaysia, n
Vit Nam: Cc nghin cu ca PGS TS L Trnh, TS Tn
Tht Lng, TS Phm Th Minh Hnh
Cc quy chun quc gia v cht lng nc hin hnh
QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT Quy chun quc gia v cht lng
nc mt lc a
QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT Quy chun quc gia v nc thi
sinh hot
TCVN 5945:2005 Nc thi cng nghip, tiu chun thi

Kinh nghim v WQI trn th gii v Vit Nam

Hoa K: WQI c xy dng cho mi bang, a s cc bang tip cn theo phng

php ca Qu V sinh Quc gia M (National Sanitation Foundation-NSF) sau
y gi tt l WQI-NSF

Canada: Phng php do C quan Bo v mi trng Canada (The Canadian

Council of Ministers of the Environment- CCME, 2001) xy dng

Chu u: Cc quc gia chu u ch yu c xy dng pht trin t WQI

NSF (ca Hoa K), tuy nhin mi Quc gia a phng la chn cc thng s v
phng php tnh ch s ph ring

Cc quc gia Malaysia, n pht trin t WQI NSF, nhng mi quc gia c
th xy dng nhiu loi WQI cho tng mc ch s dng

Vit Nam:

WQI cha c trin khai chnh thc.

Nghin cu ca PGS TS L Trnh, TS Tn Tht Lng, TS Phm Th Minh Hnh, cch tip cn
ci tin t WQI NSF.

Phng php WQI a ra bi y ban sng M Kng: tnh ton tng hp

Kinh nghim v WQI

Thng thng mt ch s mi trng c xy dng
qua qua cc bc sau:
Bc 1: La chn thng s
Bc 2: Chuyn cc thng s v cng mt thang o (tnh
ton ch s ph)
Bc 3: Xc nh trng s
Bc 4: Tnh ton ch s cui cng

Kinh nghim v WQI

Cc bc xy dng ch s mi trng nc
Bc 1: La chn thng s
C rt nhiu thng s th hin cht lng nc, ch s cht lng nc
khng th bao gm tt c cc thng s . (qu nhiu thng s cng khng
tt)
Vic la chn thng s ph thuc vo mc ch xy dng ch s WQI. Tuy
nhin cc thng s c la chn nn thuc vo tt c cc nhm c trng.
Hm lng Oxy
Ph dng
Cc kha cnh v sc khe
c tnh vt l
Cht rn l lng.

Mt s phng php tnh ton WQI

Cc bc xy dng ch s mi trng
Bc 1: La chn thng s

Mt s phng php tnh ton WQI

Cc bc xy dng ch s mi trng
Bc 1: La chn thng s

Mt s phng php tnh ton WQI

Bc 2: Tnh ton ch s ph
Mi thng s c mt thang o ring Cc ch s ph c cng mt thang o
C 2 phng php thng c s dng l phng php chun ha v phng php Rating
Curve. a s cc nghin cu v WQI s dng phng php ng cong t l (Rating Curve)
Cc thang o thng c s dng:
-100 to 100 (Stoner, 1978)
-50 to 100 (Bronet al, 1979)
0 to 1 (Swamee and Tyagi, 2000)
0 to 10 (Cooper et al, 1994)
0 to 14 (Prati et al, 1971)
0 to 16 (Sargaonkar and Deshpande, 2003)
0 to 25 (Gray, 1996)
0 to 100 (Brown et al, 1973; Shyue et al, 1996; Liou et al, 2004; Sedeo-Daz and LpezLpez, 2007; Simes et al, 2008)
1 to 10 (Melloul and Collins, 1998)
10 to 100 (Dunnette, 1979)

Mt s phng php tnh ton WQI

Bc 3: Trng s
Trng s c a ra khi ta cho rng cc thng s c tm quan trng khc nhau
i vi cht lng nc. Trng s c th xc nh bng phng php delphi,
phng php nh gi tm quan trng da vo mc ch s dng, tm quan trng
ca cc thng s i vi i sng thy sinh, tnh ton trng s da trn cc tiu
chun hin hnh, da trn c im ca ngun thi vo lu vc, bng cc phng
php thng k
Mt s nghin cu cho rng trng s l khng cn thit. Mi lu vc khc nhau
c cc c im khc nhau v c cc trng s khc nhau, v vy WQI ca cc lu
vc khc nhau khng th so snh vi nhau.

Cc bc xy dng ch s WQI
Bc 4: Tnh ton ch s WQI cui cng
Trung bnh cng khng
trng sr
Trung bnh cng c
trng sr
Trung bnh nhn
khng trng sr
Trung bnh nhn c
trng sr
Tng khng trng s
dng Solway
Tng c trng s dng
Solway
Trung bnh bnh
phng iu ha
khng trng s
Min
Max

Mt s phng php tnh ton WQI

Bc 4: Tnh ton ch s WQI cui cng
Cc bt cp khi tnh ton ch s WQI cui cng
Tnh che khut : Mt ch s ph th hin cht lng nc
xu nhng c th ch s cui cng li th hin cht lng tt
Tnh m h : iu ny xy ra khi cht lng nc chp nhn
c nhng ch s WQI li th hin ngc li
Tnh khng mm do : Khi mt thng s c th b xung vo
vic nh gi cht lng nc nhng li khng c tnh
vo WQI do phng php c c nh.

Khc phc cc bt cp khi tnh ton ch s cui cng

Swamee and Tyagi

Liou et al. (2004)

Kt hp gia TB cng v TB nhn

V d 1. Phng php tnh WQI ca bang Origon

Bc 1: La chn thng s
Phng php WQI p dng ti bang Origon Hoa
k s dng 8 thng s:
Nhit , pH
DO
BOD, Tng N (ammonia+nitrate nitrogen), Tng P
Tng rn (Total solids)
Fecal coliform

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

V d 1. Phng php tnh WQI ca bang Origon

Bc 2: Tnh ton ch s ph: Phng php Delphi v Rating
Curve, thang o ca cc ch s ph: 0 - 100
Ch s ph DO: SIDO
DO 3.3 mg/l

SIDO = 10

3.3 mg/l < DO 10.5 mg/l

SIDO=-80.29+31.88*DO-1.401*DO2
10.5 mg/l < DO

SIDO = 100

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

V d 1. Phng php tnh WQI ca bang Origon

Bc 2: Tnh ton ch s ph
Ch s ph BOD: SIBOD
BOD 8 mg/l:

SIBOD = 100*exp(BOD*-0.1993)

8 mg/l < BOD SIBOD = 10

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

V d 1. Phng php tnh WQI ca bang Origon

Bc 3: Trng s
Origon WQI s dng phng php trng s cn bng (khng c
trng s).
Bc 4: Tnh ton ch s cui cng
S dng hm s bnh phng iu ha
Cc mc AQI v ngha
10 59 rt xu
60 79 Xu
80 84 Trung bnh
85 89 Tt
90 100 Rt tt

WQI

n
n

2
SI
i 1
i

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

V d 2. WQI a ra bi TS Tn Tht Lng cho sng ng Nai

Bc 1: La chn thng s: Phng php Delphi
Cc thng s c la chn tnh WQI cho sng ng Nai:
BOD, Tng N
DO
SS
pH
Coliform

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

V d 2. WQI a ra bi TS Tn Tht Lng

Bc 2: Tnh ton ch s ph - Phng php delphi v
Rating Curve
Cc ch s ph c tnh ton nh sau: (thang o 0 10)
BOD5 y = - 0,0006x2 - 0,1491x + 9,8255
DO y = 0,0047x2 + 1,20276x - 0,0058
SS y = 0,0003x2 - 0,1304x + 11,459
pH y = 0,0862x4 - 2,4623x3 + 24,756x2 - 102,23x + 150,23
N: y = - 0,04x2 - 0,1752x + 9,0244
Coliform y = 179.39x - 0,4067

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

V d 2. WQI a ra bi TS Tn Tht Lng

Bc 3: Trng s - Phng php Delphi
Thng qua vic ly kin ca 40 nh khoa hc v mi trng, ta c
bng cc trng s nh sau:

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

V d 2. WQI a ra bi TS Tn Tht Lng

Bc 4: Tnh ton ch s cui cng phng php trung
bnh cng c trng s

WQIA= q i Wi

qi : Trng s
Wi: Ch s ph

i=1

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

So snh phng php tnh ch s ph gia 2 phng php trn

Bang Origon

Sng ng
Nai

16

12

DO

0
0

10

11

12

11

12

150
120

pH

90
60
30
0
0

Cc dng ng kh tng ng nhau

10

13

14

V d 3. Phng php Floria WQI

Bc 1: La chn thng s
Cc nhm thng s tnh ton WQI
trong ca nc: c, tng rn l lng
DO
Nh cu oxy (ph dng): COD, BOD, TOC
Cc cht dinh dng: Tng N, nitrat, Tng P
Vi khn: Tng Coliform v Fecal Coliform

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

V d 3. Phng php Floria WQI

Bc 2: Tnh ton ch s ph: pp Rating curve

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

V d 3. Phng php Floria WQI

Bc 3: Trng s - trng s cn bng
Bc 4: Tnh ton ch s WQI cui cng Trung bnh cng
khng trng s

SIi : Ch s ph
n : S lng thng s
Thang im WQI:
Tt: 0 44
Trung bnh: 45 59
Km: 60 99

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

V d 4. WQI a ra bi TS Phm Th Minh Hnh

Bc 1: La chn thng s: phng php phn tch hin trng
cc thng s hin c trong mng li quan trc mi trng
Cc thng s tnh ton WQI: 8 thng s
COD, BOD5
DO
c, TSS
N-NH4+, P-PO43Tng Coliform

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

V d 4. WQI a ra bi TS Phm Th Minh Hnh

Bc 2: Tnh ton ch s ph - phng php Rating Curve

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

V d 4. WQI a ra bi TS Phm Th Minh Hnh

Bc 2: Tnh ton ch s ph

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

V d 4. WQI a ra bi TS Phm Th Minh Hnh

Bc 3: Trng s - Trng s cn bng
Bc 4: Tnh ton ch s cui cng phng php phn tch
EFA (Explorerly Factor Analysis)

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

V d 4. WQI a ra bi TS Phm Th Minh Hnh

Bc 4: Tnh ton ch s cui cng phng php phn tch
EFA (Explorerly Factor Analysis)
Ngoi WQI c bn, c th tnh thm WQI m rng nh sau:

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

V d 4. WQI a ra bi TS Phm Th Minh Hnh

Phn loi cht lng nc thng qua ch s WQI
Mc WQI

ngha

91 - 100

S dng tt cho mc ch cp nc sinh hot

76 - 90

S dng cho mc ch sinh hot nhng cn cc bin

php x l ph hp

51 - 75

S dng cho mc ch ti tiu v cc mc ch tng

ng khc

26 - 50

S dng cho mc ch giao thng thy v cc mc ch

tng ng khc

1 - 25

Nc nhim, cn x l

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

V d 5. WQI CCME (Canada)

Khc bit so vi cc thng s trn:
La chn thng s: S dng tt c cc thng s c trong chng
trnh quan trc
C th tnh ton cho s liu nhiu im quan trc, nhiu t quan
trc
Khng tnh ch s ph cho tng thng s m tnh cho 3 ch s ph
nh sau:
F1: Phm vi
F2: Tn sut
F3: Bin

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

V d 5. WQI - CCME
Tnh ton F1
F1 l t s cc thng s khng p ng c so vi mc hng dn
trong khong thi gian tnh ch s.
F1 = (s thng s vt qu tiu chun/tng s thng s)*100
Tnh ton F2
F2 l phn trm s mu khng p ng c mc hng dn
F2 = (S mu khng p ng tiu chun/Tng s mu)*100

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

V d 5. WQI - CCME
Gi tr F3 c tnh ton qua 3 bc sau:
Bc 1:
Vi cc gi tr khng p ng c tiu chun (cao hn gii
hn trn hoc thp hn gii hn di), ta tnh gi tr sau:
lch: D = (gi tr thng s/mc hng dn) 1
khi gi tr thng s cao hn gii hn trn ca mc
hng dn
lch: D = (mc hng dn/gi tr thng s) 1
khi gi tr thng s thp hn gii hn di ca mc
hng dn.

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

V d 5. WQI - CCME
Bc 2: tnh ton gi tr nse
k

nse

D
i 1

n l tng s mu

Bc 3: tnh gi tr F3

nse
F3
0.01nse 0.01
Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

V d 5. WQI - CCME
Tnh ton ch s cui cng

WQI 100
WQI

F12 F22 F32

1.372

Ecological condition

Grade
point

Grade

95-100

Excellent: water quality is protected with virtual absence of

threat or impairment; conditions very close to natural or
pristine levels

80-94

Good: water quality is protected with only minor degree of

threat or impairment; conditions rarely depart from natural or
desirable levels

65-79

Fair: water quality is usually protected but occasionally

threatened or impaired; conditions sometimes depart from
natural or desirable levels

45-64

Poor (marginal*): water quality is frequently threatened or

impaired; conditions often depart from natural or desirable
levels

Very poor (poor*): water quality is almost always

threatened or impaired; conditions usually depart from
natural or desirable levels

0-44

V d 6. WQI a ra bi UB sng Mekong

Cc thng s c chn: DO, amoni, COD, tng P
WQI c tnh ton cho mi im quan trc theo cng thc nh
sau:

(p

WQI

p 2 ... p n )
M

.10

p: im s ca ca mi mu, (nu DO, NH4, COD v tng P p ng

c mc ng dn s c 2 im; nu ch c NH4 v tng P p ng
c mc hng dn s c 1 im, cc trng hp cn li s c 0
im.
n: s mu trong 1 nm
M: S im ti a c th t c ca cc mu trong 1 nm.

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

V d 6. WQI a ra bi UB sng Mekong

Thang im WQI

Mc hng dn
n
v

Mc
hng
dn

DO

mg/l

Amoni

mg/l

<5

COD

mg/l

<4

Tng P

mg/l

<0.08

Thng s

Phn loi

im s

A: khng c nh 9.5 - 10
hng
B: nh hng nh 8.5 9.5
C: c nh hng

7 8.5

D: nh hng <7
nghim trng

Mt s
s phng ph
php t
tnh WQI c
c th
th

Phng php tnh ton WQI do

Tng cc Mi trng ban hnh

Phng php tnh WQI do TCMT ban hnh

Gii thch t ng
1. Ch s cht lng nc (vit tt l WQI) l mt ch
s c tnh ton t cc thng s quan trc cht
lng nc, dng m t nh lng v cht
lng nc v kh nng s dng ca ngun nc
; c biu din qua mt thang im.
2. WQI thng s (vit tt l WQISI) l ch s cht
lng nc tnh ton cho mi thng s

Phng php tnh WQI do TCMT ban hnh

Mc ch ca vic s dng WQI
nh gi cht lng nc mt lc a mt cch tng
qut;
C th c s dng nh mt ngun d liu xy
dng bn phn vng cht lng nc;
Cung cp thng tin mi trng cho cng ng mt
cch n gin, d hiu, trc quan;
Nng cao nhn thc v mi trng.

Phng php tnh WQI do TCMT ban hnh

Cc yu cu i vi vic tnh ton WQI
WQI c tnh ton ring cho s liu ca tng im quan
trc;
WQI thng s c tnh ton cho tng thng s quan trc.
Mi thng s s xc nh c mt gi tr WQI c th, t
tnh ton WQI nh gi cht lng nc ca im quan
trc;
Thang o gi tr WQI c chia thnh cc khong nht
nh. Mi khong ng vi 1 mc nh gi cht lng nc
nht nh.

Phng php tnh WQI do TCMT ban hnh

Quy trnh tnh ton v s dng WQI
Thu thp, tp hp s liu quan trc t trm quan
trc mi trng nc mt lc a (s liu qua x
l).
Tnh ton cc gi tr WQI thng s
Tnh ton WQI.
So snh WQI vi bng cc mc nh gi cht
lng nc.

Phng php tnh WQI do TCMT ban hnh

Thu thp, tp hp s liu quan trc
S liu quan trc c thu thp phi m bo cc yu cu
sau:
S liu quan trc s dng tnh WQI l s liu ca quan trc
nc mt lc a theo t i vi quan trc nh k hoc gi tr
trung bnh ca thng s trong mt khong thi gian xc nh i vi
quan trc lin tc;
Cc thng s c s dng tnh WQI thng bao gm cc
thng s: DO, nhit , BOD5, COD, N-NH4, P-PO4, TSS, c,
Tng Coliform, pH;
S liu quan trc c a vo tnh ton qua x l, m bo
loi b cc gi tr sai lch, t yu cu i vi quy trnh quy
phm v m bo v kim sot cht lng s liu.

Phng php tnh WQI do TCMT ban hnh

Tnh ton WQI
1. Bc 1. Tnh ton WQI thng s
1.1. WQI thng s (WQISI) c tnh ton cho cc thng s BOD5, COD,
N-NH4, P-PO4 , TSS, c, Tng Coliform theo cng thc nh sau:

qi qi 1
BPi 1 C p qi 1 (cng thc 1)
WQI SI
BPi 1 ca
BPgi
i
BP : Nng gii hn di
tr thng s quan trc c quy nh trong
i

bng 1 tng ng vi mc i
BPi+1: Nng gii hn trn ca gi tr thng s quan trc c quy nh trong
bng 1 tng ng vi mc i+1
qi: Gi tr WQI mc i cho trong bng tng ng vi gi tr BPi
qi+1: Gi tr WQI mc i+1 cho trong bng tng ng vi gi tr BPi+1
Cp: Gi tr ca thng s quan trc c a vo tnh ton.

Phng php tnh WQI do TCMT ban hnh

Bng (1) quy nh cc gi tr qi, BPi
Gi tr BPi quy nh i vi tng thng s
i

qi

BOD5
(mg/l)

COD
(mg/l)

N-NH4
(mg/l)

100

10

0.1

0.1

20

Coliform
(MPN/100
ml)
2500

75

15

0.2

0.2

20

30

5000

50

15

30

0.5

0.3

30

50

7500

25

25

50

0.5

70

100

10.000

50

80

100

>100

>10.000

P-PO4 c
(mg/l) (NTU)

TSS
(mg/l)

Phng php tnh WQI do TCMT ban hnh

Tnh ton WQI
1.2. Tnh gi tr WQI i vi thng s DO (WQIDO): c tnh
ton thng qua gi tr DO phn trm bo ha.
Tnh gi tr DO bo ha

DObaohoa 14.652 0.41022T 0.0079910T 2 0.000077774T 3

Trong T: nhit mi trng nc ti thi im quan trc.

Tnh gi tr DO phn trm bo ha

DO%bo ha= DOha tan / DO bo ha*100
Trong DOha tan: Gi tr DO quan trc c (tnh theo mg/l)

Phng php tnh WQI do TCMT ban hnh

Bng (2) quy nh cc gi tr BPi v qi i vi DO% bo ha
i
BPi
qi

20 20

50

75

88

112

125

150 200 200

50

75

100

100

75

50

25

25

10

Nu gi tr DO% bo ha nm trong khong t 112 - 200 th

WQIDO c tnh theo cng thc 1 v s dng bng 2.
Nu gi tr DO% bo ha nm trong khong t 20 - 88 th WQIDO
c tnh theo cng thc 2 v s dng bng 2.

WQI SI

qi 1 qi

C p BPi qi
BPi 1 BPi

(cng thc 2)

Phng php tnh WQI do TCMT ban hnh

Tnh ton WQI
1.3. Tnh gi tr WQI i vi thng s pH
Bng (3) quy nh cc gi tr BPi v qi i vi thng s pH

i
BPi
qi

5.5 5.5
1

50

8.5

100 100

50

Nu gi tr pH quan trc c nm trong khong t 8.5 - 9 th

WQIpH c tnh theo cng thc 1 v s dng bng 3.
Nu gi tr pH quan trc c nm trong khong t 5.5 - 6 th
WQIpH c tnh theo cng thc 2 v s dng bng 3.

Phng php tnh WQI do TCMT ban hnh

2. Bc 2. Tnh ton WQI
Sau khi tnh ton WQI i vi tng thng s nu
trn, vic tnh ton WQI c p dng theo cng
thc sau:
WQI pH 1
1

WQI
WQI a WQI b WQI c

100 5 a1
2 b1

1/ 3

Trong
WQIa: Gi tr WQI tnh ton i vi 05 thng s: DO, BOD5,
COD, N-NH4, P-PO4
WQIb: Gi tr WQI tnh ton i vi 02 thng s: TSS, c
WQIc: Gi tr WQI tnh ton i vi thng s Tng Coliform
WQIpH: Gi tr WQI tnh ton i vi thng s pH

Phng php tnh WQI do TCMT ban hnh

3. Bc 3. So snh theo thang im
S dng bng xc nh gi tr WQI tng ng vi mc nh
gi cht lng nc so snh, nh gi, c th nh sau:
Mc WQI

ngha

91 - 100

S dng tt cho mc ch cp nc sinh hot

76 - 90

S dng cho mc ch sinh hot nhng cn cc bin

php x l ph hp, bo v i sng thy sinh

51 - 75

S dng cho mc ch ti tiu v cc mc ch tng

ng khc

26 - 50

S dng cho mc ch giao thng thy v cc mc

ch tng ng khc

1 - 25

Nc nhim khng th s dng cho mc ch no

Phng php tnh WQI do TCMT ban hnh

Cng b WQI cho cng ng
Yu cu i vi ni dung thng tin v WQI c cng b:

Tn im v khu vc quan trc, tn trm quan trc;

Thi gian quan trc;
Gi tr WQI v mc nh gi cht lng nc
tng ng.

Phng php tnh WQI do TCMT ban hnh

Cng b WQI cho cng ng
Hnh thc cng b:
Bo ch
Truyn thanh
Truyn hnh
Bng thng tin in t
Trang thng tin in t

V d tnh ton WQI

Vi s liu quan trc gi nh nh sau:
T
BOD5

COD

N-NH4

P-PO4

TSS

Coliform

(oC)

DO
pH

(mg/l)

(mg/l)

17

(mg/l)

0.7

(mg/l)

(NTU)

(mg/l)

45

(MPN/100ml)

3500

(mg/l)

4.9

6.5

28

V d tnh ton WQI

Tnh ton WQI thng s BOD, COD, NH4, PO4, c,
TSS, Coliform:

50 25
70 45 25 40.6

70 30

WQIdoduc 100

WQITSS

WQIP PO 1

WQI N NH

WQICOD

75 50
30 17 50 71.7

30 15

WQIColiform

WQI BOD5

50 25
1 0.7 25 40
1 0.5

100 75
5000 3500 75 90
5000 2500

100 75
6 5 75 87.5

64

V d tnh ton WQI

Tnh ton WQI thng s DO:
DO baohoa 14 .652 0 .41022 28 0 .0079910 28 2 0 .000077774 28 3 6 .06876

DO%bo ha=4.9/6.06876*100=80.7

WQI DO

100 75
80.7 75 75 86

88 75

Tnh ton WQI thng s pH:

WQI pH 100

V d tnh ton WQI

Tnh ton WQI
1/ 3

100 1
1

WQI
(86 87.5 71.7 40 100) (40.6 1) 90

100 5
2

71

Kt lun: Vi gi tr WQI = 71 th ta c kt lun l

ngun nc s dng c cho mc ch ti
tiu v cc mc ch tng ng khc, th hin l
mu vng.

p dng th nghim WQI

p dng th nghim cho LVS Cu
Chng trnh quan trc LVS Cu 2008, 2009
Quan trc trn cc nhnh sng: Sng Cu, sng Cng,
sng Ng Huyn Kh, cc nhnh sng khc
Tn sut quan trc 6 t/nm
S im quan trc 34 im
S lng thng s: 28 thng s

Tnh ton th nghim WQI

Tnh ton th nghim cho LVS Cu
Sng Cu

T l cc thng s so vi QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT

T l WQI thuc cc mc phn loi cht lng nc

Vic nh gi cht lng nc thng qua WQI n gin hn so vi vic nh gi cng

lc nhiu thng s. V d nh nm 2008 ti sng Cu c nhiu thng s nh BOD, COD p
ng c mc A1 vi t l rt cao, tuy nhin thng s N-NH4+ li p ng c mc A1 vi
t l rt thp, trong khi vi kt qu tnh ton WQI ta c th thy ngay t l s mu quan
trc t cht lng nc c th s dng tt cho mc ch cp nc sinh hot (gi tr WQI
nm trong khong 91 100) l 11,8%.

p dng th nghim WQI

p dng th nghim cho LVS Cu

Gi tr WQI trung bnh cc im quan trc thuc LVS Cu

Cht lng nc ca LVS Cu c s bin ng rt mnh gia cc nhnh sng v gia 2 nm

2008 v 2009. Cht lng nc nm 2009 thp hn nm 2008 ti a s cc im quan trc trn
cc nhnh sng.

p dng th nghim WQI

p dng th nghim cho LVS Nhu y
Chng trnh quan trc LVS Nhu y 2008, 2009
Quan trc trn cc nhnh sng: Sng Nhu, sng y,
sng ni thnh H Ni, cc nhnh sng khc
Tn sut quan trc 6 t/nm
S im quan trc 40 im
S lng thng s: 28 thng s

p dng th nghim WQI

p dng th nghim cho LVS Nhu y
Sng y

T l cc thng s so vi QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT

T l WQI thuc cc mc phn loi cht lng nc

Theo nh kt qu tnh ton WQI nm 2008, t l cc mu c cht lng nc c th s dng cho

mc ch cp nc sinh hot (mc 76 90) t n 36%, tuy nhin nm 2009 t l ny gim
xung di 5%. Nguyn nhn ca iu ny l do thng s N-NH4+ v Tng Coliform khng p
ng vi t l B2 kh cao.

p dng th nghim WQI

p dng th nghim cho LVS Nhu y

Gi tr WQI trung bnh cc im quan trc thuc LVS Nhu y

Theo nh kt qu tnh ton WQI trung bnh cc t, tt c cc im quan trc trn LVS Nhu
y ch s WQI trung bnh nm 2009 thp hn nm 2008.

XIN CHN THNH CM N