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Ejercicios Resueltos Cap 9,10,11,12
Ejercicios Resueltos Cap 9,10,11,12
314
ELECTRIC
CIRCUITS
[CHAP.
REFERENCES
In this chapter
view somewhere between that of the mathematician and of the electrical engineer.
The mathematical point of view has the advantage that it is general and applies
to equations which arise from all sorts of physical problems. The electrical
engineering point of view has the advantage that it provides concrete illustra
tions of many of the abstract concepts of differential equations. Thus the natural
behavior is the transient response of a circuit, and the particular integral is the
steady-state solution. The following references give additional material on both
points of view.
1959. Chapter 2 gives a good summary of linear differential equations from the
classical point of view. The remainder of the text is devoted to solutions by
means of Laplace transforms.
EXERCISES
Section 9-2
1.
A current is given by
the equation
.,.,
, '/io
i(t) = lOe
Find
= 10,
= 20, and t =
curve.
What
1, and sketch it.
is the time constant? If the curve in Exercise 1 were to continue as a straight
line with the same slope as that of the actual curve at t = 0, how long would
it take to reach zero?
3. Solve the following differential equation, subject to the given initial con
2.
4t =
i(0)
5.
0,
dition:
jjj
EXERCISES
dition
315
At
ft +
'
Fig. 9-15 is
amp.
left to its own devices what is the current as a function of time?
5.
FIGURE 9-15
6.
At
If
the circuit is
FIGURE 9-16
Fig. 9-16 is
10
t'i
volts. If the circuit is left to its own devices what is the current as a function
of time?
7. Before t 0 a current of 5 amp is flowing in the inductance and short
circuit of Fig. 9-17. The switch is opened at t = 0. What are the currents
and t2 as functions of time after this instant?
FIGURE 9-17
the circuit of
The switch
closed at
as a function of time after this instant?
is
a voltage of 10 volts.
Fig. 9-18
has a charge
= 0. What
is
The capacitance in
FIGURE 9-18
8.
which produces
the voltage e(t)
e(t) = 10(1
e~"io).
0,
oo
is
= 10,
= 20, and
Find the voltage values at =
the time constant?
curve. What
10. Find the derivative of the curve given in Exercise
voltage
is
9.
Section 9-3
9,
0,
is
it
e(t)
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS;
316
differential
3:
at
de
+
at
equation,
3t = 7,
differential
following
3e
ELECTRIC
CIRCUITS
[CHAP.
i(0) = 0.
equation, subject
= 10,
e(0)
to
the
given initial
0.
= 0.
What
Figure 9-19
is the cur
Figure 9-20
t =
0.
= 0.
What is
What
the
is the
Figure 9-21
Figure 9-22
= 0.
Find
the current
Section 9-4
17.
A current
10
317
EXERCISES
18. Find the derivative of the waveform in Exercise 17, and sketch it. Of the
quantities frequency, angular frequency, period, amplitude, and phase, which
Which remain the same?
are changed by the operation of differentiation?
19. A voltage is given by the equation
e(t)
10e~"io+
5 sin<.
How long
does
Solve the following differential equation, subject to the given initial con
dition:
~+ i
21. Solve
the following
i(0) =
= sin I,
differential
equation,
0.
condition:
jt + i
= cos
i(0) = 0.
t,
at
23.
as a
<
= cos (t
45),
i(0) = 0.
The switch in the circuit of Fig. 9-23 is closed at t = 0. Find the current
function of time, and separate the steady-state and transient components.
10 cos
3t
FIGURE 9-23
24.
is opened at
= 0.
c(t) as a function of time, and separate the transient and steady-state components.
+
e(t)
FIGURE 9-24
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS;
318
ELECTRIC
CIRCUITS
[CHAP.
Section 9-5
25.
A current is given by
the equation
t(0
Find
where does
26.
= 10e~"e
it occur? Sketch
A voltage
10e~'.
oo .
the curve.
= 2te~"2.
. What
where does
Find
(2ir<
45).
constant of the envelope? What is the period of the wave and what is its fre
quency? What is the phase at t = 0? Sketch the waveform.
28. Solve the following differential equation, subject to the given initial
conditions:
i(0) =
0,
i'(0)
= 10.
initial values:
+*$+*-
e(0)
30. Solve
the
following
= 0,
differential
e'(0)
= 10.
equation,
conditions:
S+8s+25".
'(0)
= 10,
t'(0) =
-10.
31. The initial value of the current in the circuit of Fig. 9-25 is 10 amp. The
initial voltage on the capacitance is zero. If the circuit is left to its own devices
FIGURE 9-25
EXERCISES
319
32. The initial current in the inductance in the circuit of Fig. 9-26 is 10 amp
and the voltage on the capacitance is 5 volts. If the circuit is left to its own
devices what is the voltage e(t) ?
FIGURE 9-26
33. The initial current in the inductance in the circuit of Fig. 9-27 is 10 amp
and the voltage on the capacitance is 75 volts, with the polarity shown. The
circuit is then left to its own devices. What is the current i(0 ?
Yitt
ji
II10
75 +
II
10
'W
FIGURE 9-27
Section 9-6
34.
A voltage is given by
the equation
e(0 =
10
0 and
. Which
i(0
= 10
- 5e-'+5e-"io.
( = 0
stants.
e(0 =
10 cos 6<
10
sin 6i
5e~' cos
2<
Find the following: the transient term, the steady-state term, the initial value
of the voltage and of its first derivative, the amplitude of the steady-state term,
and the amplitude of the transient term.
37. Solve the following differential equation, subject to the given initial
conditions:
,.
,2.
|| +
jt +
= 8,
i(0)
= 0,
t'(0) = 0.
320
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS;
ELECTRIC
CIRCUITS
de
e(0)
39. Solve the
conditions:
following
^+
1.414
initial values:
= e'(0)
differential
[CHAP.
= 0.
equation,
jt + i
initial
= 10,
i(0) = t'(0) = 0.
Vio
w
FIGURE 9-28
41. The switch in the circuit of Fig. 9-29 is opened at
Find
= 0.
No energy is
function
FIGURE 9-29
FIGURE 9-30
EXERCISES
341
2.
3.
New Jersey,
1955.
The R-L and the R-C circuits represent the simplest case which Van
Valkenburg considers, whether with differential equations or transforms.
1959.
networks.
could actually
York,
WALSH
EXERCISES*
Section
10-2
e(t) =
10 ohms,
(a)
= 0. Give analytical
(c)
(b)
FIGURE
10-9
functions.
342
jl u
Ji
ioto
(a)
10y
[CHAP.
10
(c)
(b)
Figure 10-10
In
at t = 0. Give ex
pressions for the voltages in terms of the singularity functions.
5. The voltage e(0 = 10u_i(0 10u_i(< 1) is applied to the parallel
combination of R = 5, L = 5, and C = \. Give the analytical expression for
the input current and sketch it.
6. The current i(t) = 10u_i(0 10u_i(< 1) is applied to the series com
bination of R = -j, L = 5, and C = 5. Give the analytical expression for the
voltage across the combination and sketch the waveform.
7. A voltage source e(t) = 10 cos 2t is suddenly switched at t = 0 across
(a) a resistance of 10 ohms, (b) an inductance of 5 henrys, and (c) a capacitance
of
farad. In each case give the analytic expression for the current which flows.
8. A current source i(t) = 5 sin 3t is suddenly switched at t = 0 across
(a) a resistance of 5 ohms, (b) an inductance of 3 henrys and (c) a capacitance
of 2 farads. In each case give the analytical expression for the voltage produced
4.
3u_,(i) +
Juo(<)
stop-
to an
+ |u_2(0.
An impulse voltage
EXERCISES
343
i,
What is
18.
The
of a two-terminal
response
network to an impulse-current
excita
What
19.
Ci
series combination of
LI =3
Section 10-4
21. The switch in the circuit of Fig. 10-11 is closed at t = 0. Give the
voltage-source equivalent circuit for the network to the left of the terminals
ab. Give also the current-source equivalent circuit.
=2
10TL=57
FIGURE
e(t)
b
10-11
FIGURE 10-12
at t = 0. Draw the
equivalent voltage-source circuit for the network to the left of the terminals
a-b. Also draw the equivalent current-source circuit.
23. Show that the circuits used to represent the initial energy stored in the
capacitance and inductance in Exercises 21 and 22 can be obtained by applying
Th6venin's and Norton's theorems at the terminal-pair a-b in each case.
24. What is the initial current which flows at t = 0+ in the circuit of
opened
344
10
What
[CHAP.
is the
ductance.
L
i
= 5
nnnp-
i(t)
iouM
FIGURE
27. (a)
In
10-13
initial voltage at
= 0+
by
replacing the impulse current source and the uncharged capacitance by the
equivalent charged capacitance.
(b) Obtain the same result by treating the
as
a
short
circuit
for
the
interval from < = 0~to< = 0+ and evalu
capacitance
ate the voltage established in it by the infinite current by means of the voltampere equation of the capacitance.
e(t)
FIGURE
10-14
--28. Find the values of the voltage e(t) and its first derivative
in the circuit of Fig. 10-15.
at t = 0
e(t)
FIGURE
29.
In
10-15
the circuit of Fig. 10-16 find the values of the current {(0 and
t = 0+.
derivative at
= 2
i(t)
FIGURE
10-16
= 5
its first
EXERCISES
= 5
345
.2
i(t)
I0u0(t)
FIGURE
= 4
10-17
30. Find i(0+) and di(0+)/dl for the circuit of Fig. 10-17.
31. Find e(0+) and de(0+)/dt in the circuit of Fig. 10-18.
HT;
FIGURE
10-18
Section 10-5
'
a-b in
a-b in
L
FIGURE
10-19
FIGURE
T 'T 'T
FIGURE
10-21
10-20
_I
TIME RESPONSE
346
35.
Find
OF SINGLE
L at
ELEMENTS
[CHAP.
the terminal-pair
10
of Fig. 10-22.
Figure
36.
Find
10-22
pair a-b.
37.
Find
of Fig. 10-24.
:v2
Figure
38.
In
Figure
10-23
What is
10-24
= 0.
The voltage on
In
at < = 0. Previous to
this instant there is a current of 10 amp through Li and the switch. What is
the current i(t) after the switch is opened, and what is the voltage which occurs
across the two inductances?
39.
eit)
Figure 10-25
Figure 10-26
EXERCISES
347
4fL In the circuit of Fig. 10-27 the capacitance Ci has a voltage of 5 volts,
-fne capacitance 2 has a voltage of 10 volts, and the capacitance Ca has a volt
age of 6 volts. The three capacitances are connected at t = 0. What will
the voltage be across the combination for t > 0?
^pC,
*i
10^pC2
=2
FIGURE
6^p
10-27
Previ
FIGURE 10-28
372
[CHAP.
11
thing apart from the response to step and impulse excitation. This approach is
common in the mathematical treatment of linear differential equations.
4. KERCHNER and CORCORAN, Alternating Current Circuits, John Wiley &
Sons, New York, 3rd ed, 1951. In this text emphasis is placed on steady-state
sinusoidal analysis. Transients are included in the last chapter.
5. H. H. SKILLING, Electrical Engineering Circuits, John Wiley & Sons, NewYork, 1957. The R-L and R-C circuits appear in various places throughout
this text.
EXERCISES*
Section 11-2
1.
i(0
(a)
= We~"6
for
> 0.
= 0, 6, 12, and
<=osec.
(d) If the current continued to decay at its initial rate, how long would it
take to reach zero?
expression.
3. An impulse current source
= 4 ohms and L = 5 henrys.
0
is
6
is
is
<
it,
is
i(t)
FIGURE
11-22
=10
FIGURE
11-23
EXERCISES
5.
10
PL
= 3
373
= 5
11-24
FIGURE
= 0 is 16 amp.
= 2
FIGURE
= 2
11-25
the switch?
FIGURE
11-26
10
>L, =6
EL,
= 3
FIGURE
11-27
e(t)
for
t >
0.
374
FIGURE
11.
[CHAP.
11
11-28
the circuit of
Fig. 11-28.
Section 11-3
A certain voltage
12.
- e-'/6)u_i(0.
= 0, 6, 12, and
sec.
13.
A 10-volt
0.
(a)
Find
(b)
FIGURE
11-29
initial
value,
EXERCISES
375
In the circuit of Fig. 11-30, what value of the step-function voltage would
in
a constant current of 5 amp for all time greater than zero?
result
17.
FIGURE 11-30
Find
--
nsw^
FIGURE
wv
11-31
19. (a) Find the current in the inductance in the circuit of Fig. 11-32 by
computing its initial value, its final value, and its time constant, (b) Verify
the result of part (a) by superposition.
FIGURE 11-32
20.
In
FIGURE 11-33
21.
Then
instant.
TIME RESPONSE
376
OF
\\\
[CHAP.
11
20
VIA,
20
FIGURE
{ i(t)
11-34
At
10
100
FIGURE 11-35
Section 11-4
23.
A ramp voltage
Find
Fig.
11-36.
+
e(t)
FIGURE
11-36
EXERCISES
377
TJfflT1-
FIGURE 11-37
27.
28.
5B_,rJ
-
O
V
ift)
as a result
sources.
QIC*-,
+
')
FIGURE 11-38
29.
of
FIGURE 11-39
Section 11-5
5 amp-sec occurs at t = 0.
This source is con
=
6 ohms and C = 1 farad. Give the time constant
nected in parallel with R
and the values of the voltage produced at t = 0 and t = <*>. Sketch the volt
30.
An impulse current of
TIME RESPONSE
378
OF
l0^C,
In
11
= 2
C2 =
3^=
Figure
33.
[chap.
e(t)
11-40
= 0.
At this
time there
is a voltage on
34.
In
impulse strikes is
10
volts.
Find
25u0(t)\(j)l07f:C
Figure
At
> 0.
= 3
11-41
= 5
for
= 2 and C = 3 is
50e-,/6- u_i(<).
t = 6 sec a
lOOuJt) |
T1
Figure 11-42
Fig.
Ci
an
Figure
11-43
EXERCISES
+
iOu0(t)
379
-K
If-
e(t)-
FlGURE 11-44
38.
39.
In the circuit of Fig. 11-44 find the voltage e(t) as a function of time.
Find the voltage e(t) as a function of time in the circuit of Fig. 11-45.
+
e(t)
Figure
11-45
Section 11-6
40. A 6-volt d-c source is switched in series with a 2-ohm resistance and a
3-farad capacitance at t = 0. Give the time constant, the current at t = 0+,
the current at t = w , a sketch of the current as a function of time, and the
analytic expression for the current.
41. A 5-amp d-c source is switched in parallel with a 3-ohm resistance and a
2-farad capacitance. Give the time constant, the voltage at t = 0+, the voltage
at t = oo , the analytic expression for the current, and a sketch of the current
as a function of time.
42. A 3-farad capacitance and a 5-ohm resistance are connected in series. At
' =
0 there is a voltage on the capacitance of 15 volts.
(a) Replace the initial energy storage by a step-voltage source, and find
the current in the circuit.
(b) Find the current by a direct computation of its initial value, final value,
and time constant.
10u_jt)\
e(t)
Figure 11-46
43. In the circuit of Fig. 11-46 there is a voltage of 6 volts on the capaci
tance at t = 0, when the step-current source is applied. Find the voltage across
the resistance
function of time.
> 0.
380
FIGURE
[CHAP.
11
= 5
11-47
45. (a) Solve for the voltage e(t) in the circuit of Fig. 11-48 by computing
its initial value. final value, and time constant, (b) Verify the result of part (a)
by superposition.
~
i
+
e(t)
FIGURE
11-48
step
50
...
90i
so
Co,
=
+
e(t)
j)
|50
{
FIGURE
11-49
at t = 0 after a steady
Give the voltage e(f) as a function
of time. starting from the opening of the switch.
49. The switch in the circuit of Fig. 11-50 is opened
FIGURE
11-50
EXERCISES
Section
50.
381
11-7
Find
R,
-vw-
Figure
51.
Find
:,
6_,w|l
eft)
11-51
Figure 11-52
52.
l,|
3u0(t)C)
Figure
53.
Find
era
11-53
ft
eft
Figure
54.
11-54
an equivalent
em
Figure 11-55
TIME RESPONSE
382
OF
[CHAP.
11
55. For Fig. 11-56 draw an equivalent circuit at terminal-pair a-6 which
contains only one L and one R and a voltage source.
Obtain the voltage (afc,
and from this value obtain the current i(t).
a
FIGURE
Find
\i
ed
\i
eb
11-56
and
ee,
_1_
56.
ea
_1_
57.
In
et, ec,
and
ed.
ea,
eh
FIGURE 11-58
58.
Find
the node
voltages
ea,
e6,
ec,
FIGURE
59.
Find
ea,
eb, ec,
11-59
and
ed
)(j
FIGURE 11-57
lOu
FIGURE
11-60
er
416
[CHAP.
12
EXERCISES*
Section 12-2
1.
A sinusoidal current
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
2.
1060
45).
1060.
Sketch the waveform and give its maximum amplitude, its frequency, and its
phase relative to a cosine.
henry, and C = -fa farad. At t = 0
3. A series circuit is composed of L =
there is a current of 1 amp in the inductance and no voltage on the capacitance.
(a) Find i(0+), di(0+)/dt, and wo.
(b) Match the values in part (a) to the known form of the transient,
Aicosut-}- A2sinut.
A series circuit with L = \ henry and C = yj farad is excited by an
initial voltage of 1 volt on the capacitance. There is no current in the inductance
f3 t = 0. Find t'(0+), di/(0+)/dt, wo, and a solution for the current in the circuit.
i(0
4.
,t "L
'
= 4
FIGURE
6.
An
C =
i(V
4^p
12-12
J henry
and a capacitance of
farad. There is no initial energy stored
in the circuit. Find i(0+), di(0+)/dt, W0, and the expression for i(t).
7. An impulse current source of 10 amp-sec is applied in parallel with an in
henry and a capacitance of
farad. There is no initial energy
ductance of
Find e(0+), de(0+)/dt, and wo, and from these values
stored in the circuit.
obtain e(t).
8. In the circuit of Fig. 12-13 the switch is closed at t = 0, when the current
in LI is 10 amp and the voltage across C is zero. Find the voltage on C as a func
tion of time from the instant the switch is closed. Also find the current through
the switch.
tance of
EXERCISES
417
2=k
e(t)
FIGURE 12-13
9.
t > 0.
= 6
L,
= 3
FIGURE 12-14
Section
12-3
(c)
11.
12-farad
obtain i(0.
13. The switch in the circuit of Fig. 12-15 is closed at t = 0. At this time there
is no energy stored in the circuit, (a) Find the voltage e(t) by finding the current
and integrating,
(b) Find the voltage from e(0+), de(0+)/dt, e(>), and too.
FIGURE
12-15
418
[CHAP.
12
3,L
FIGURE 12-16
the current i(t) in the circuit of Fig. 12-16.
When
the source is applied at t = 0 in the circuit of Fig. 12-17 there
15.
is no voltage on the capacitance, but there is a current of 2 amp in the mesh.
Find the currents in the two inductances for / > 0.
14.
Find
C=
lOu-.w |
FIGURE
in the inductance.
is applied at t = 0.
Ci, and no current
What is the voltage across Ci as a function of time?
JC, =
+ L
C2 = 3
FIGURE
_[ +
10
JL
In
At this time
=^:
16.
12-17
12-18
If
e(t)
FIGURE
12-19
EXERCISES
40
419
+30-
FIGURE
12-20
of
40 amp and an initial voltage on the capacitance of 30 volts.
The two
19.
sources act at
0.
Section 12-4
45).
nnnp1
^^
^\
/*N
i(>
FIGURE
is
ohms,
it
B.
is
is
is
The
At
12-21
=
henry, and
farad.
amp and the voltage across the capacitance
the current
10 volts.
positive and
discharging the capacitance.
direction of the current
(a) Find i(0+), di(0+)/dt, and i().
(b) Match the values from part (a) to the general overdamped expression,
25.
t
20.
TIME RESPONSE
420
OF
'
+
"
xk
[CHAP.
^-^
12
~io
<ft)
FIGURE 12-22
there
Find
the
27. The elements in the circuit of Fig. 12-23 can be changed to produce
critical damping.
(a) Find the values of a, wo, and wj for the given circuit.
(b) Change L in the original circuit to give critical damping.
(c) Change C in the original circuit to give critical damping.
(d) Change R in the original circuit to give critical damping.
(e) Find the current which would flow in the circuit with the resistance
adjusted to give critical damping.
1
-It-
+
I0ua(t)
0 is
Hf-
= 12
FIGURE
<
12-24
Section 12-5
At
in
is
<
+ B.
e(0 = Ae~at cos (udt +
=
there
30. In the circuit of Fig. 12-25 at
in
the
and
no
current
inductance.
the capacitance
will
ensue.
is
6)
FIGURE 12-23
rr:
EXERCISES
FIGURE
421
12-25
X
FIGURE
33.
e(t)
12-26
:;
+
1
e(t)
FIGURE 12-27
34. Compute OJQ and a for the circuit of Fig. 12-28 and find the type of re
sponse which it must produce. If the initial voltage on the capacitance is 10 volts,
and the initial current in the inductance is 50 amp, what is the voltage e(t) across
the resistance?
+
e(t)
FIGURE
12-28
1/2.821
FIGURE 12-29
e(t)
TIME RESPONSE
422
OF
FIGURE
[CHAP.
12
12-30
critical
-K-
FIGURE 12-31
Section 12-6
38. The switch in the circuit of
Fig. 12-32 is
closed at
= 0.
(a)
Find
t(0+).
di(0+)/dt, and tC3). (b) Match the values in part (a) to a general step response
of the form i(0 = Ae-" cos (udt + B) + B.
I
+
e(t)
FIGURE 12-32
Find
the voltage e(t) across the capacitance in Exercise 38: (a) by integra
ting the current i(() and (b) by matching the initial and final values.
39.
B.
423
J
FIGURE
12-33
I00u_,(t)
FIGURE
46.
time there is
At this
Find
capacitance.
instant.
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Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-google
12-34
FIGURE
12-35
Section 12-7
47. The switch in the circuit of Fig. 12-36 is opened at t = 0. (a) Find the
values of e(0+), de(0+)/dt, and e(). (b) Match these values to a step-function
response of the form e(t) = Ae~ai cos (udt + 0) + B.
'i(t)
+
e(t)
10
FIGURE 12-36
424
[CHAP.
12
48. Find the current i(t) in the inductance of Fig. 12-36: (a) by integrating
the voltage response and (b) by matching directly to the initial and final values.
49. A step current of i(0 = 50u_i(0 is applied to a parallel R-L-C circuit
with L = 10 henrys, R = 1 ohm, and C = 5 farads. The initial voltage on
the capacitance is zero but there is a 100-amp
the same node as the current source.
Find
FIGURE 12-37
51. The switch in the circuit of Fig. 12-38 is opened
at t 0. There is no
initial energy stored in the
(a) Find e(0+), de(0+)/dt, and e(oo).
Match
the
solution
to
the
general
ovcrdamped
expression e(t) = Aiepi' +
(b)
circuit,
+ B.
'
+
e(t)
Yt
FIGURE 12-38
52.
Find
the expression
final values.
53. Adjust the value of R in the circuit of Fig. 12-39 to give critical damping,
and find the voltage e(t) which is obtained for this condition.
i(t)l
10
FIGURE
K
12-39
io- ?
+
^
e(t)
EXERCISES
425
54. Find the current in the inductance in the critically damped circuit of
Exercise 53.
55. A parallel R-L-C circuit is excited by a step-current source i(t) = lu-i(t).
Show that if a >$> coo the voltage response reduces to that of a parallel R-C circuit.
Section 12-8
series
an impulse
ANSWERS TO EXERCISES
34.
35.
Exact expression:
At
1.
t =
u_2(0
u_i(0 +
Approximate expression:
497
4)
4u_i( 4).
u_i(< 1) + U-i(t 2) +
u-2(<
3) 4u_i(< 4).
The integral is a good approximation; the derivative a poor one.
m_i(<
36.
Chapter
10/e, 10/e2, 0;
1.
10,
3.
5e-2'/3
6e-3,/2
5.
= 10 sec.
2.
4.
t,
13.
i
i
15.
17.
5; 10;
11.
18.
(1
= 2(1
= 60(1
8.
10.
e-3'/5)
= 10 sec; 10 se
14.
e-5"3)
e-"30)
J sec;/
= 3 cps;
co
+ 30); /,
= 2e-'/5
e'"10; T
e
i
i
= 10 sec; 10 sec.
^(1
e-3')
be-"10
= 4(1 e-')
16.
= 6ir rps; 6 = 60.
12.
/'(0
-e-'/10; T
-10e-'/2
6. 2e'"15
= 3e-2"5; i2 = 2e-2,/5.
0. 0; 6.32; 8.65; 10; 7/ = 10 sec.
7.
T remain
and
co,
the same;
and
yi
are
different.
Transient term = 10e_(/1; steady-state term =
20.
21.
22.
i
i
= 0.707 cos
=
0.707 (cos t
Max
26. 0; 0;
29.
135)
45)
= 10 (e-2'
= 10te-2'
=
- ie-'
sin t; 53 sec.
+ ie-'
e-')
23.
12<e-2'
= 4/e at
= 0.707 cos (t
24. e = 6e-2'
19.
= 2.
- -^e-2'
0.262; 0;
= 2 sec; period =
e-3')
30.
sec;/
cps;
6 = 45.
= 10e-4'(cos 3 + sin 30
= e-6,(5
25t)
32. e
4^e-5'
=
sin 120
33. i
e-5'(10 cos 12< +
34. 0; 10; steady-state term = 10; transient term = 10e-'/2 cos 2trt;
31.
sec;/
35.
f|
cps.
and
10 sec.
38.
39.
40.
i
i
l- -
2+ e-4'
e-3'(l + 30
= 10(1
=
e-'707'cos0.707J
e-5')
-^(e-2'
e-4'(10+
41. t = 10
42.
- e-'
= 10e-2,sin4
400
15; e'(0)
= 65;
= 2
ANSWERS TO EXERCISES
CHAPTER
2. (a)
10u_i(0
300u_i(0
3. (a)
_i(0
4. (a)
50u_i(0
1.
(a)
^u_2(0
(b)
1)
(c) 25u_2(0
(c) 50uo(0
(b) 70uo(0
2u-i(t
5. 2u_i(<)
(c)
(b) 700uo(0
(b) Jju_2(0
10
(c) ^u_2(<)
+ 2u_2(0 2u-2(t
1)
2uo(<)
2uo(t
6. Same as Exercise 5.
7. (a) cos 2t
(b) sin 2t
M_i(<)
u_i(0
(b)
5uo(t
15.
16.
5ui(0
5ui(0
17.
Parallel
19.
40u_2(<)
= 0.2,
20. eLi =
21. (a) C = 3;eoc
22. (a) L
= 5;
24.
= 5,
i'
26. (a) 2
(b)
--
28.
30.
= 2;
C
C
= 2
32.
34.
36. C =
- 2u_i -
3,
= 7,
=
=
(b) C = 3;
= 10u_i(<)
= 50uo(0
e,,,,
-f.
(b)
= 5,
25.
31.
-f
35.
--
10u_i(0
= 20; e'
i'
(b) 2
-i; i'
ft
^j.
-.
= 2; e' =
L
L
L
8.
&
39. t = 6; e = 12uo(0.
= 12uo(0.
41.
3. 16uo(0
5. 160e-"3
(c)
J;i()
^e-4'/5
u_i(0 for
29.3e-('-3)/6
27. (a) 2
=
29.
CHAPTER
6. 6e~1
t*
e
= 30uo(0
i
i
40.
+ 2.5u,(0
C = 15
4uo);e = 2u_i(<).
12uo(0;t = 2u_i(0.
37.
= 6;
1)
fj
f cos 3(
39u-i(t)
33.
38.
sin
5u2(0
ft = J, L
6uo(0;tc,
6uo(0;eia
ic,
(c)
10
(c) 500ui(0
(c)
+ 2u_i(0
1)
14.
18. Series
u-i(t)
u_i(<
-f
f-3 "<u_i).
4. 6e~5'/2 u_i(0
0 < t < 3;
3) for 3 < t <
u_i(0
11
(d) 6
= 0; i(<)
u_i(<)
2<
u_i(0
u_i(0
^u_i(0
(b) 65ui(0
(a) 52uo(0
13. 5uo(0
(c) 5uo(<)
7. 8e-2"3
u_i(<)
2.5m(<
499
ANSWERS TO EXERCISES
9. e
4e-'-u_i(0;t
20e-'-m_i(0;i
10.
11.
l0e-5'/3
12.
13.
5(1
= 6.67(1
u_i(0
10
- e_,)u-i(0
-2(1
(c)
e-')u-i(0
(d) 6 sec
14.
24e-2'
15.
e-2,/3)u_i(0
(a) 2e-3"* _i(i) (b) Same
16.
17.
18.
(1
19.
(10
= 10
21. (10
23. e =
24.
- 5e-2,)u-i(0
6e-2,/3)u_i()
- l)]u-i();
- e-'/5)u_i(0
\t u_i(0
30. e(0
be~'
32. 5mo(0
(-5
volt;
31.
X 10-10sec.
10
33. 4e-'/2S
_i(<)
2)
+ 10e-'/3)u_i(0
50u_i(<) + 30u_2(0
i(0 = 5e-,/4-u_i(0
(10<
29.
-5e-'/6-u_i(0
e-5,/3)]u_i(0
e-26,/6)u-i(0
+ 10e-5,/6)u-i(0
e = 10(<
27.
20. 6(1
22.
+ e-6'/5)u_i(0
25. 10-9
volt/sec
26. 100(1
28.
+ 20(e-'/2
[10<
u_i(0
[-6 + 26(1
_i(0
46.
(10
48. (30
50.
e-2'/15)u_i(<)
41. 15(1
5e-'/10)u_i(0
45. (5
9e-'/15)u_i(<)
47. 0.4(1
15e-,/50)u_i(0
49.
3e-'/15-u_i(0
44. (10
- e-'/6)u_i(0
m_i
+
-
39. (1
43. (30
(75
36e-'/6)
25e-15')u_i(0
c-,/8)m_i(0
+ 25e-'/10)u_i(0
6ffie-(Ri+*j"/L-u_1(0
+ C3)]e-,/B(C+c3) u_i(0
(3R/Li)e-"T . _i(0, where T = LiL2/(Li + L2)R
(4/Ci)e-,/r- m_i(0, where T = RCiC2/(.Ci + C2)
=
eah = te-9'/25-^1^)^
&e-9'/25 u_i(0
51. [3C2/(C2
52.
53.
54.
55.
f(l
eab
56. e =
57. c =
|(1
- e-')u-iW;i
(Y+
ec
e-9'/2S)u_i(<);
58. c = ^e-';
59. ea = (^
=
e-')u-i(t);
e6
e-';
f(l
ec
eb
(e-'
- e-')u-i(0
= fe;
e-9,/25)u_i(0; <* =
e-9"25)]u-1(t);ed =
[^(1
(^ -
Chapter
1.
(b)
2. 1.4
3. t =
4.
5.
i(0
(d)
X 10-6;
106;
10
(c)
l;t'
0;i'
(e)
27r
1);
ec
= 2e-9"25
ed
ed
ec/3.
12
(f) +45
=
cos8<-u_i(i).
= 4; wo = 8; i(t)
sin 8t
+ 45)u_i(0
ec
= 2eb/5;
u_i(<)
ed
fe-9'/25)m_i(0;
i(0
= 8;
\ea.
J(e-' -
u_i(<);
-45.
= 0;wo
efc/5
t >
500
ANSWERS TO EXERCISES
^(1
= 2sin</6-u_i(<)
12.
i'
= 5;
13.
15.
h1
16.
17.
18.
19.
i
i
i
25.
26.
i
i
= (72 cos
= (80 cos
0;i'
= 10;
2*-,/
i'
12
10
i'
u_i(<)
sin 120u_i(0
;t'()
0;
-l;i()
T = 1 (d) +45
= 10e-'/10 sin f/10 - u_i(0.
i(<)
= 0; i(t)
= 10e-,/10
= (6e-2'
- 0"-i(0
co0
= 0.866
1, wd
cosi/10- u_i(<)
5.77e-,/2sin0.866<>-i(0
= 0;
i(t)
= 0.5,
= 8 cos </5
(b)
4e-8')u_i(0
(c)
= 5e-'/10 cos
32.
33.
= 11.5c-'/2 sin
34.
= 10;
35.
= 4
(d) R = 2
10e-'(l
(e)
= 3<e-,/6-u_i(<)
i/10 - u_i(<)
0.866<-u_i(0
sin0.8660u_i(0
+ 5e-4,)u-i(0
= 8; e(t) = (5e-16i
coo
i/10 u_i(0
= (40e-8( 320<e-8')u_i(<)
960e-8,]u_i(0
t = [(12
37. C =
36.
38.
^;
0;t'
-
= 0,
i'
= 10;
= [10
= [100
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
45.
46.
47.
i()
0;i
11.55e--5'cos (0.866<
70.7e-,/10 cos (i/10
(100
u_i(0
30)]u_i(0
45)]u_i(0
100e-'/10cos</10)u_i(<)
240; i(<*>) = 0; i = (40e-2'
40e-8,)u-i(<)
= (60
80e-2' + 20e-8')u_i(<)
= 4; t"(<) = 100<e-|/2 u_i(<)
= [100
= 0;e'
48. t = [10
+ e-'/6(-50
= 10;e()
u_i(0
10 sin
12<)m-i(0
= 1, period = 1
(c)
20;i(oo)
3.3e-2,)u_i(0
(13.3e-8'
= 2;
12<
27. (a)
28.
t'2
i;
i()
20. (b) w =
22.
Jj;
= 100(1 cos4<)u_i(<)
= 10(1 cos
16<)u_i(<)
= (10 8cos</5)u_i(<);
14.
21.
i;
0;i'
50</12)]u_i(0
e = 11.55e--5' sin 0.866<
11.55e--6' cos (0.866< 30)]u_i(0
= 0;
u_i(0
ANSWERS TO EXERCISES
50.
= [50
212e-'/10cos(</10
45)]u_i(fl
= (100+ 100e-'/10sin</10)u_i(0
51.
52.
t = (30
53.
49.
0;e'
= 5;e(<)
= [10
56. p =
54.
= 0;
(25e-2'
25e-8')u-i(0
+ 10e-8')u-i(0
u_i(0
10e~loS'(l + 105)]m_i(0
Ae-"2 (t > 0).
40e-2'
= 107<e-lo5<
-i;f -
-&;f
57. p =
58.
150;e()
501
= -4e-'/12
;V5;/
p =
59. p
0.5
\;f
60. p
= .4ie*/10
ij0.866;/
=
4e-'/6
> 0).
= e--5<(.4ie'-866'
62. p =
63. p =
64. 6e-'/2
(t >
.42e-''-866')
(t > 0).
0).
(t > 0).
61. p
,42e-'-866')
> 0)
65. 5e-' sin 2< (< > 0)
(<
66. (a)
Ae-3'
(t > 0)
(b)
Ae-2'
Chapter
1.
(c)
Add
a constant
13
= 2 in both cases.
2. c (pulse)
3. Pulse:
= (50/)u0(i) (50/3)u0(i
S). Impulse: t = 50ui(4).
5. Pulse: e2 = (1
5/20)e-'/10. Impulse: e2 = e-'/10 for 5 < .
6. (a)
(b) =
4. Pulse:
Generated on 2015-05-23 17:25 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015006079035
Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-google
(t > 0)
-J
6<
for
< 4; t = 24 for
(10/L)
> 4.
cos
t/VLC
Approximately:
(t >
0).
= 0, 6, 12,
and 24.
= 0.33e-'/10;
10.
11.
(a)
12.
Max
(approx)
= 0.346e-'/10.
(b) e = 0.33e-'/10
= 0.416 (approx) (accurate value = 0.37)
= 0.313e-'/10
13. Zero
14. (a)
15.
16.
1, 0
(b) 0,
1, 0 (b)
(a)
/2 = < for < <
19.
1,
;/2
for
> 1.
17. /2 = 104(1
18.
- e-('-]u_i(i -t>
20.
(e-5'
21.
[1
e-10') for
1)
for
t >
1.
0 for t > 2.
18,