KINE 2011

Lecture: Module 3- Muscle Physiology

Muscle contraction
-muscle developing tension and shortening muscle strands
-are the largest group of tissue in the human body
-50% of body mass (skeletal muscle <=> 40%)

Types of Muscle:
1.1) Striated muscle
-skeletal muscle
-Cardiac muscle
1.2) Unstriated muscle
-smooth muscle
-7 organs, glands, arteries

2.1) Voluntary muscle

-Skeletal muscle
2.2) Involuntary muscle
-Cardiac muscle
-Smooth muscle

1.1) Striated muscle

-a single muscle cell = a muscle fibre or myofiber
-under a microscope => a striated muscle looks like:
alternating light bands perpendicular to the long axis
-also seen in Cardiac muscle

-includes:
-Skeletal muscle
-Cardiac muscle
i) Skeletal muscle
-skeletal myofiber is formed by the fusion of a number of
undifferentiated and mononucleated cells called = Myoblasts
=> they are one single cylindrical, relatively large and
elongated, multinucleated cell
-in adults = 20-100 nanometer, 20cm length
-in case of muscle injury => New fibers can be formed from
undifferentiated cells called = Satellite cells - source of new muscle in
adults
-bundles of muscle cells bound together form a muscle fibre
-bundles of muscle fibres bound together form a muscle skeletal muscle
-purpose of skeletal muscle:
-generate force through muscle contraction
-myotin and actin are in charge of this
contraction

What's a muscle?
-number of muscle fibers bound together by connective
tissue
-a muscle is bound to bones by
bundles of collagen fibers called = tendons

Why do we name them as "striated" muscles?

-because of the arrangement of numerous thin and thick
filaments, composed of the contractile proteins actin (thin filaments)
and myosin (thick filaments), respectively
-In their cytoplasm => myofibrils (80% of the volume of the
muscle)

-filaments are arrange in a repeating pattern along the

length of the myofibril - this pattern is an alternating thin and thick filaments
bundled on top of one another
-one unit of this repeating pattern is called =
Sarcomere

A and I bands
-thick filaments are located in the center of the sarcomere (one
unit of repeating pattern of thin and thick filaments) => Wide dark band = A
band
-For each sarcomere => Two sets of thin filaments, one at each
end, that are anchored to a network of connecting proteins called = Z line
-The other extremities overlap a portion of the thick filaments
One Sarcomere:
-is the one unit of repeating pattern
-in between 2 Z lines
-is the functional unit of skeletal muscle
-ie: the smallest component that can contract in the
myofiber
-smallest functional unit of the muscle
Lighter band called = I band
- between the ends of the bands A when thin filaments do not
overlap the thick ones
H Zone
-center of the A band
-where theres no thin filament overlapping the thick ones