- Router stops the broadcast it doeasn't forward the broadcast.

- Switches forward the broadcast.

- Hub has a single collision domain and has single broadcast domain.
- By defaults switch has 1 broadcast domain.
- source and destinaiton IPs donot change however source and destination mac add
resses change.
- CEF is Cisco Express forwarding. Befor CEF we have process switching andd Fast
switching techniques.
- Process switching requires the CPU involvement with every forwarding decision.
- Vlan range is 1-4094.
- vlan 1-1001 are usable normal-range vlans.
- By default switch ports are up and router ports are down.Vlan 1 is by default
present in the switch and we need not to create it.
- 1002-1005 are reserved for token ring.
- 1006-4094 are extended range vlans.
- Native vlan should be the same across the trunk other the broadcast will be fl
ooded on the other side.
- In case we are not able to find switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q it means
that the dot1q trunking is enabled by default.
- hexadecimal value for dot1q tag in snifer traces is 0X8100
- hexadecimal value for IPV4 in snifer traces is 0x800
- DTP is only understand by switches and not by routers.DTP is a cisco propreita
ry protocol.DTP has 3 modes ; Auto, ON, Desirable
- All the cisco switchports are dynamic by default. Also it depends on the cisco
switch model if the switchport is dynamic desirable or dynamic auto.
- Voice vlan carries a tag of that vlan number when the frame reaches swich,howe
ver data vlan donot carry tag when the frame form data vlan reaches the switch i
n case the pc is connected via phone.
- Default revision number is zero. VTP will only work on the trunk. If the 2x sw
itches are connected via access ports VTP won't work.
- VTP has 3 modes. Server, Client and Transparent.
- Every switch is by default inserver mode. In this mode we can add,delete and m
odify the vlans.Vlan info is stored in vlan.dat file locatd in flash memory.
- In Client VTP mode we cannot add,delete and modify the vlans.Vlan info is stor
ed invlan.dat file
- VTP domain is carried in VTP messages. Domain name needs to be exactly same.
- In VTP transparent mode we can add,remove and modify vlan info.Vlan info is no
t stored but it passes through.It doesnot support extended vlan range.Changes on
the server do not affect the vlan database of the swith in transparent mode.
- VTP supports authentication.All the switches should have the same domain name
and VTP password.MD5 hash is checked before accepting vlan info.
- VTP has 3 versions i.e VTP1,VTP2 VTP3.VTP donot give any error messages.