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PHN 1: TNG QUAN

I. TNH CHT CA NGUYN LIU V SN PHM

1. Nguyn liu
1.1 Benzen
Benzen l mt hydrocacbon thm, n vng, c cng thc phn t C6H6, phn t
lng M= 78.11 vC. iu kin thng, benzen l cht lng khng mu, d bt
chy. Benzen l cht bn nhit, hot ng ha hc, nn trong cng nghip n
thng c s dng lm nguyn liu trong ngnh cng nghip tng hp hu c
ha du tng hp ra cc dn xut nh styren, phenol, xyclohexan, lm
nguyn liu sn xut ra thuc tr su, cht do, nha, dc phm, cht ty ra,
Benzen l mt dung mi c kh nng ha tan tt, nhng do c nhc im l rt
c. Trong phng th nghim, benzen c s dng rng ri lm dung mi.
1.1.1.Tnh cht vt l ca benzen [1]
Cng thc phn t C6H6
Phn t lng M= 78.11 vC
Cng thc cu to

iu kin thng, benzen l cht lng khng mu, c mi c trng. nhit

thp, benzen ng rn thnh khi tinh th mu trng. Benzen l hp cht rt d bt
chy, khi chy to thnh ngn la c mui. Hi benzen to thnh hn hp n vi
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khng kh trong khong nng rng. Benzen l dung mi khng phn cc, c
kh nng ha tan trong ru etylic nhng tan rt t trong nc. Mt s thng s vt
l c trng ca benzen c trnh by trong bng 1.
Bng 1. Mt s thng s vt l c trng ca benzen
Thng s

Gi tr

Khi lng phn t (vC)

78.11

T trng 20oC

0.879

Nhit nng chy (oC)

80.1

Gii hn n trong khng kh (% th tch)

Di

1.4

Trn

7.1

Nhit chp chy cc kn (oC)

-11.1

T trng hi (khng kh = 1)

2.77

Gii hn tip xc (ppm; gi)

5; 8

1.1.2.Tnh cht ha hc ca benzen [1]

Benzen l cht ng u tin trong dy ng ng ca cc hydrocacbon thm,
c c trng bi cu trc vng bn vng nh s xen ph (cng hng) ca cc
orbital . Do n khng d dng tham gia phn ng cng cc tc nhn dng
halogen v axit nh cc anken. Tuy nhin, benzen rt nhy vi phn ng th
electrophil vi s c mt ca xc tc.
Benzen l cht bn nhit, hot ng ha hc nhit trn 500oC, do cc phn
ng ca benzen thng c thc hin nhit trn 500oC. V d, 600o C,
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di tc ng ca xc tc kim loi (st, ch, vanadium,) xy ra phn ng ngng

t ca benzen to ra diphenyl v cc hp cht polyaromatic khc.
Benzen kh tham gia phn ng oxy ha do n c cu trc vng bn vng, tuy
nhin, trong iu kin khc nghit, n b oxy ha hon ton sinh ra kh CO2 v
nc. Nu lng oxy hoc khng kh tham gia phn ng thiu, mt phn benzen b
phn hy to thnh kt ta en (b hng). Nu trong phn ng m c mt xc tc
(V-Mo), phn ng c thc hin pha hi trong iu kin T= 350- 450oC to ra
anhydric maleic vi hiu sut khong 65- 70%. Thc hin phn ng oxy ha
benzen bng khng kh trong iu kin nhit cao s thu c phenol, tuy nhin
hiu sut ca phn ng thp.
Mt phn ng quan trng ca benzen, m c s dng rt nhiu cng nghip,
l phn ng th. Ty thuc vo iu kin phn ng m mt hay nhiu nguyn t
hydro trong vng benzen c th b thay th bi gc nitro hoc gc axit sulfonic,
gc amine, hydroxyl hay cc nguyn t halogen (Cl, Br) to ra cc sn phm
nh phenol, nitrobenzen, clobenzen, hay axit benzen sulfonic,
Benzen c kh nng tham gia phn ng cng, phn ng oxy ha v phn ng hydro
ha. Cc phn ng ny xy ra iu kin nhit v p sut cao, trong mt s
trng hp cn cn s c mt ca xc tc, v d nh phn ng alkyl ha ca
benzen v etylen to ra etylbenzen hay phn ng alkyl ha ca benzen v
propylen to ra cumen. Phn ng hydro ha ca benzen cng rt c ngha
trong cng nghip sn xut ra cyclohexan. Phn ng c th xy ra trong pha
lng hoc pha hi, iu kin nhit v p sut cao.
1.1.3 Vn chuyn, lu tr benzen [2]
c tnh d bay hi l mt trong nhng tnh cht gy kh khn cho qu trnh vn
chuyn v cung cp, nht l vn mi trng ca benzen. Benzen l mt ha cht
c hi v c kh nng gy ung th cho con ngi. Vn tn tr benzen ng
phng php l hon ton cn thit. Gim thiu nguy c chy gy ra do benzen.
Duy tr nhit bn cha trn 8oC ngn chn benzen t ng bng, bng
cch s dng ming m si nu th tch nh hoc cun dy s dng hi
vi th tch ln cng vi cc vt liu cch nhit.
Bn cha phi kn, thng xuyn kim tra trnh hin tng r r.
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S dng cc ct thu li trnh hin tng st nh gy chy n.

Mi hot ng tip xc ca con ngi phi c trang b bo h lao ng cn
thit.
Nghim cm cc hnh ng c th gy chy n quanh khu vc bn cha
Vn chuyn benzen bng xe bn, duy tr p sut v nhit mi trng.
1.1.4 Ngun nguyn liu.[3]
Mt ngun ng k ca benzen l t xng nhit phn,bng 2 cho thy trong xng
nhit phn c cha 55-57 % aromatic v khi lng, trong c khong 35-55 %
benzen. Khong 35% sn phm benzen trn th gii t xng nhit phn. Xng
nhit phn c th nng cp bng qu trnh hydrotreating loi b nhng thnh
phn khng mong mun nh lu hunh, oxi, nit hay n nh xng v n c
cha mt lng rt ln cc hp cht khng no.
Xng nhit phn sau qua qu trnh trch ly aromatic thu c benzen tinh khit
ti 99% ,cng vi toluen v xylen.
Bng 2.Cc thnh phn trong sn phm ca xng nhit phn [1]
Thnh phn

iu kin trung bnh

Xng nhit
phn

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Aromatic*

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BTX*

Xng nhit
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Aromatic*

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Nonaromatic

35.3

28.2

Benzen

23.7

36.6

39.4

43.2

60.2

62.2

Toluen

20.2

31.2

33.6

17.4

24.2

25.0

Xylen bao gm
c Etyl benzen

12.6

3.5

Styren

3.6

5.4

Tng C8
aromatic

16.2

25.1

8.9

12.4

12.8

Aromatic C8+

4.6

7.1

2.3

3.2

27.0

*bao gm c Styren
1.1.5 Cc phng php phn tch v ch tiu cht lng [1]
Phng php phn tch
ASTM c dng lm tiu chun v phng php phn tch cho benzen.
Cc phng php phn tch theo ASTM xc nh cc ch tiu, c tnh ca benzen
nh sau:
1) Ly mu: Phng php D-207 cho du th v sn phm du.
2) ASTM D-891: Khi lng ring
3) ASTM D-1209: mu
4) ASTM D-850: phn ct
5) ASTM D-852: im ng bng
6) ASTM D-848: ra mu
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7) ASTM D-847: axit

8) ASTM D-849: n mn l ng
9) ASTM D-853: thnh phn lu hunh
10) ASTM D-1685: thiophen
11) ASTM D-2360: nanoaromatics
Ch tiu cht lng
Cc ch tiu k thut ca cc loi benzen c a ra trong bng 3.

Bng 3. Cc ch tiu k thut cho cc loi benzen khc nhau [1]

Ch tiu

Benzen trong cng

nghp (ASTM D83671)
Sch

Benzen c lm
sch (ASTM D235969)
Sch

Benzen c lm
sch (Benzen nitro
ha) (ASTM D835-71)
Sch

0.875-0.886

0.882-0.886

0.882-0.886

sm max: 20

20 max

20 max

Khong chng
ct 101.3 kPa
im ng c

Khng ln hn 2oC

Khng ln hn 1oC

Khng ln hn 1oC

5.35oC min

4.85oC min

Mu axit lm
sch
axit

Khng sm hn no.3

No.1 max

No.2 max

Khng axit t do

Khng axit

Khng axit

Dng
T Trng
(15.56/15.56oC)
Mu

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H2S, SO2

Khng

Khng

Khng

Thiophen

1 ppm

1 ppm

1 ppm

Hp cht lu
hunh
n mn l ng

Khng H2S v SO2

Khng

Khng

Khng

0.15% max

0.15% max

0.15% max

ASTM D2324

ASTM D2324

ASTM D2324

Nonaromatic
Cacbon
disulfide

Khng H2S v SO2

1.1.6 ng dng ca benzen [1]

Benzene c nhiu ng dng quan trng. N l thnh phn ca nhin liu motor,
gip tng ch s octan; s dng lm dung mi. 3 ng dng chnh ca benzene l
sn xut ethylbenzene, cumene, xyclohexane. 75-80% benzene dng lm nguyn
liu cho qu trnh ny. Khong 3% benzene c nitro ha to thnh nitrobenzene,
sau quay li hydro ha to aniline. Qu trnh oxi ha benzene sn xut
maleic anhydride, l cht ban u sn xut nha polyester. Nhng sn phm
khc ca benzene bao gm halogen ha benzene, alkylbenzene mch thng, dng
cho cng nghip sn xut cht ty ra.
1.2 Etylen
Etylen bt u c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip t gia nhng nm 1940 ,
khi cc cng ty ha cht v du ca M phn tch c etylen t kh thi ca nh
my lc du hay sn xut ra etylen t etan (thu c t sn phm ph ca nh my
lc du v t kh t nhin). T , etylen gn nh c dng thay th hon ton
acetylen trong nhiu qu trnh tng hp do tnh an ton v r hn ca etylen so vi
acetylen.
Etylen c sn xut ch yu t qu trnh steam cracking cc hp cht
hydrocacbon hay c thu hi t kh cracking trong nh my lc du.
1.2.1 Tnh cht vt l [1]
Cng thc phn t C2H4
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Phn t lng M= 28.52 vC

Cng thc cu to CH2=CH2

iu kin thng, etylen l cht kh khng mu, d bt chy v c mi ngt.

Mt s thng s vt l c trng ca etylen c trnh by trong bng 4.

Bng 4. Mt s thng s vt l c trng ca etylen [1]

Nhit kt tinh
(oC)
Nhit si
(oC)
Nhit ti hn, Tc
(oC)
p sut ti hn, Pc
(Mpa)

-169.15
-103.71
9.90
5.117

1.2.2.Tnh cht ha hc [1]

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Etylen l cht ng u tin trong dy ng ng ca cc olefin, do n c cu

trc n gin nht, ch gm mt lin kt i ni gia 2 nguyn t cacbon. Trong
cc phn ng ha hc, etylen l cht hot ng mnh, d dng tham gia cc phn
ng v to thnh t sn phm ph, y cng l mt l do etylen c gi l vua
ca cc hydrocacbon.
Cc phn ng quan trng ca etylen c s dng trong ngnh cng nghip: phn
ng cng, phn ng alkyl ha, halogen ha, hydro formyl ha, phn ng hydrat,
phn ng oligome ha, polyme ha v phn ng oxy ha. Di y l danh sch
cc qu trnh cng nghip in hnh trn th gii nm 2000, s dng nguyn liu
etylen [1]:

Qu trnh polyme ha sn xut polyetylen c khi lng ring nh (LDPE)

v polyetylen c khi lng ring nh, mch di (LLDPE).

Qu trnh polyme ha sn xut polyetylen khi lng ring ln (HDPE).

Cng hp clo sn xut 1,2 diclo etan.

Qu trnh oxy ha sn xut etylen oxyt trn xc tc bc.

Phn ng vi benzen sn xut etylbenzen, kt hp vi phn ng dehydro ha

sn xut styren.

Qu trnh oxy ha sn xut acetaldehyt.

Qu trnh hydrat ha to ra etanol.

Phn ng vi axit axetic v oxy to ra vinyl acetat.

Cc qu trnh khc nh sn xut ru bc cao, olefin mch di

1.2.3 Tn cha v vn chuyn [1]

Etylen c vn chuyn trong ng ng, ng ng dn etylen yu cu phi linh
hot v ngn chn vic b gin on. Trong ng ng vn chuyn etylen, p sut
c t t 4-100 MPa, nhit > 4oC ngn khng cho dng lng ca etylen c
hnh thnh. Hydrat phi di 15% iu kin hot ng p sut thng. S phn
hy v chy n etylen c th xy ra nu p sut v nhit tng qu cao, v vy
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cn kim sot iu kin nhit v p sut thch hp. Etylen cng c vn

chuyn bng thuyn, tu, xe ti tank
Tn cha etylen trong cc tank cha cu. Etyle c cha trong tank vi p sut
10 MPa v c lm mt b mt tank.

1.2.4 Phng php sn xut [1]

C 3 phng php chnh sn xut ethylene

Cracking cc hydrocacbon c mt ca hi nc
i t kh ca qu trnh cracking xc tc
Cc cng ngh khc bao gm :
Thu hi t kh off-gas ca FCC
T Ethanol dehydrat ha nhit cao trn xc tc rn nh Al, axit

phosphoric hoc silica

T du th v cn du th s dng cng ngh DCC ( Deep Catalytic
Cracking ) v cracking phn on VGO
T Methanol s dng cng ngh MTO ( Methanol to Olefin ) xc tc
Zeolite ZSM-5
Oxi ha ghp Methane to Ethylene s dng xc tc oxit kim loi nhit
cao 700-900oC
Dehydro ha Ethane trn xc tc Cr hoc Pt
Metathesis : chuyn v propylene to thnh ethylene v 1-butene 2 C3H6

C2H4+C4H8
1.2.5 Ch tiu cht lng [1]
Cht lng ca etylen ty thuc vo yu cu ch tiu ca nguyn liu cho qu trnh
sn xut. Thng thng, etylen thng phi t 99.9% v khi lng.
Cc qu trnh, ch tiu cht lng ca etylen bao gm:
Sc k kh
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Tnh cht bt la ca etylen

dn in
pH
m c
Mu
oxy ha v nc
p sut hi
S quang ha ion
m

2. Sn phm
Ethyl Benzen

Ethylbenzene, phenylethane, C6H5CH2CH3 l hp cht Alkyl thm n vng, c

ngha quan trng trong cng nghip tng hp hu c ha du. Phn ln ( > 99 %)
c s dng lm nguyn liu cho qu trnh sn xut Styrene monomer
C6H5CH=CH2. 50 % ca qu trnh sn xut benzene trn th gii. Cn li t hn
1% ethylbenzene c s dng lm dung mi cho sn, hoc nguyn liu cho qu
trnh sn xut diethylbenzene v acetophenone.
Hu ht Ethylbenzene c sn xut bi qu trnh alkyl ha benzene vi ethylene.
Cng ngh ny s dng xc tc Zeolit vi t l Benzene / Toluene thp, gip gim
thiu kch thc thit b v gim lng sn phm ph. Cng ngh mi nht dng
xc tc Zeolite tng hp trn thit b phn ng dng tng c nh, qu trnh Alkyl
ha xc tc trong pha lng. Mt cng ngh khc s dng Zeolite tng hp mao
qun trung bnh, cng trn thit b phn ng dng tng c nh, nhng qu trnh l
Alkyl ha xc tc trong pha hi. Mt lng ng k Ethylbenzene vn c sn
xut bi qu trnh Alkyl ha xc tc ng th AlCl3 trn pha lng. Xu hng gn
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y trong cng nghip l ci tin cng ngh s dng Zeolite. Qu trnh Alkyl ha
hydrocacbon thm vi olefin c mt xc tc AlCl3 ra i u tin vo nm 1879
bi Balsohn. Tuy nhin Friedel v Crafts l nhng ngi i tin phong, c rt
nhiu nghin cu v qu trnh Alkyl ha v xc tc AlCl3
Vi nh my c xy dng trong sut nhng nm 60 thu hi Ethylbenzene
bng vic chng hn hp Xylene, sn phm ca qu trnh reforming xc tc trong
nh my lc ha du. Tuy nhin cng ngh ny khng c pht trin do vn u
t v gi nng lng cao, quy m kinh t nh hn so vi qu trnh Alkyl ha thng
thng
Ethylbenzene sn xut ln u tin trn quy m cng nghip vo nm 1930 bi
hng Dow Chemical ca M v BASF ca c. Cng nghip sn xut
Ethylbenzene / Styrene vn cha c coi trng cho ti chin tranh th gii II.
Nhu cu ln v cao su tng hp Styrene-Butadiene ( SBR ) trong sut chin tranh
nhanh chng thc y vic ci tin cng ngh v tng sn lng. Nhng n lc
ng k trong sut thi gian chin tranh dn ti vic hnh thnh cc nh my quy
m ln v qu trnh sn xut Styrene nhanh chng tr thnh ngnh cng nghip
quan trng. Vo nm 1999, nng sut Ethylbenzene hng nm trn th gii l
25x106 t. Nm 1990, hu ht sn lng cc nc phng Ty tng nhanh hn so
vi Nht, ni m ngnh cng nghip ha du c bn tri qua nhng bc pht
trin v m rng ng k.

2.1 Tnh cht vt l. [1]

iu kin thng, Ethylbenzene l cht lng trong sut, khng mu vi mi
thm c trng. Ethylbenzene c kch thch ln da v mt, c tnh va phi, qua
ng n ung, ht th v hp ph qua da. Di y l mt vi tnh cht vt l ca
Ethylbenzene :
Bng 5. Tnh cht vt l ca Ethylbenzen.[1]

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Ch tiu

iu kin

Thng s

Khi lng ring

15 oC
20 oC
25 oC

0.87139 g/cm3
0.867 g/cm3
0.86262 g/cm3
-94.949 oC

Nhit si

101.3 kPa

136.2 oC

Ch s khc x

20 oC
25 oC

p sut ti hn
Nhit ti hn

1.49588
1.4932
3609 kPa ( 36.09 bar )
344.02 oC

Nhit chp chy

15 oC

Nhit t bc chy

460 oC

Nhit nng chy

Gii hn chy
n nhit
Gi tr nhit lng
nht ng hc

di
trn
nng chy
ha hi
tng
thc
37.8 oC
98.9 oC

1%
6.7%
86.3 J/g
335 J/g
335 J/g
42999 J/g
0.6428*10-6 m2/s
0.39*10-6 m2/s
28.48 mN/m

kh l tng,
25 oC
lng, 25 oC

1169 Jkg -1K -1

Sc cng b mt
Nhit lng ring

Gii hn nn

1752 Jkg -1K -1

0.263

2.2 Tnh cht ha hc [1]

Phn ng quan trng nht ca Ethylbenzene l dehydro ha to thnh Styrene.
Phn ng tin hnh nhit cao 600-660 0C, trn xc tc Kali mang trn oxit
st. Hi dng pha long. Thng thng chn lc ca Styrene trong khong

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90-97 % mol vi chuyn ha t 60-70 %. Phn ng ph gm dealkyl ha

Ethylbenzene to thnh benzene v toluene.

Mt phn ng quan trng na l oxi ha Ethylbenzene bng khng kh to thnh

hydroperoxide C6H5CH(OOH)CH3. Phn ng tin hnh trn pha lng khng cn
xc tc. Tuy nhin do hydroperoxide khng n nh, d phn hy nhit cao,
phi c ti thiu ha gim t l phn hy. S hnh thnh sn phm ph s
gim nu duy tr nhit thp trong sut thi gian phn ng. Hydroperoxide sau
c x l vi propylene to thnh Styrene v propylene oxide. Nm 1999,
15% Ethylbenzene sn xut trn th gii s dng sn xut Styrene monomer v
propylene oxide.
Ging nh Toluene, Ethylbenzene c th dealkyl ha di tc dng ca xc tc
hoc nhit to thnh benzene. Ngoi ra Ethylbenzene cn nhiu phn ng khc
in hnh cho hp cht alkyl thm.
2.3 Ch tiu cht lng [1]
Do etylbenzen sn xut ra c s dng ch yu tng hp styren, do , cc
yu cu v thng k thut c p dng cho etylbenzen nhm m bo etylbenzen
thu c c th a vo sn xut styren. Nu tinh khit ca etylbenzen khng
t yu cu c th gy cn tr n qu trnh thc hin phn ng sn xut styren,
s nh hng n tinh khit ca sn phm styren:
Hp cht cha nguyn t halogen lm mt hot tnh xc tc ca phn ng
dehydro ha v cn c kh nng gy n mn thit b phn ng. Thng th cc
phn t clo hu c c mt l do ln trong sn phm etylbenzen t qu trnh alkyl
ha vi xc tc AlCl3,
Dietylbenzen nu c mt trong nguyn liu etylbenzen s b dehydro ha to
ra sn phm l divinylbenzen. Divinylbenzen sinh ra c kh nng to lin kt
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ngang gia cc phn t polyme lm cho chng khng th b ha tan?? v lm

gim cht lng sn phm, do trong nguyn liu etylbenzen ngi ta c quy
nh hm lng dietylbenzen phi nh hn 10 ppm . Th mi c a vo sn
xut styren.
Cc tp cht cha trong etylbenzen c th gy nh hng n tinh khit ca
styren l cc cu t c khong nhit si nm gia nhit si ca etylbenzen v
styren: xylen, propylbenzen, v etyltoluen. Hm lng cc cht ny trong
etylbenzen c iu chnh p ng yu cu v tinh khit cho styren.
Mt s cc ch tiu k thut c dng nh gi cht lng ca etylbenzen
thng phm (cho cc nh my sn xut etylbenzen M)
Bng 6. Mt s thng s k thut nh gi cht lng ca etylbenzen thng phm
Thng s
tinh khit ca sn phm
Hm lng benzen
Hm lng toluen
Hm lng hp cht nonaromatics
Hm lng propylbenzen
Hm lng dietylbenzen
Hm lng hp cht cha ClHm lng lu hunh hu c
T trng 15oC
APHA colour
2.4 Tn cha v vn chuyn [1]

Gi tr
99.5% wt
0.05- 0.3% wt
1.1- 0.3 %wt
0.05%wt, max
0.02% wt, max
10 mg/kg, max
1-3 mg/kg, max
4 mg/kg, max
0.869- 0.872
15, max

Ethylene l cht lng d chy, n c bo qun v vn chuyn trong nhng bnh

cha bng thp, c s kim sot ca cc c quan chc nng. Dng bt, CO2, ha
cht kh, halon v nc ( dng sng ) dp la ethylbenzene. Khu vc vn
chuyn, bo qun phi m bo thng thong, nhng ni nng ethylbenzene ln
phi dng mt n phng c. Trnh tip xc qua da, khi tip xc cn dng gng tay
v knh bo h. Ngun nhit, ngun chy v cc tc nhn oxi ha cn trnh.
2.5 ng dng [1]

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Ngy nay, phn ln EB dng sn xut Styrene monomer ( SM ), mt lng nh

hn 1% c s dng lm dung mi. Bi vy, nhu cu ca EB xc nh qua sn
lng Styrene. Hu ht Styrene dng trong lnh vc polymer, sn xut polystyrene,
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), nha styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), styrenebutadiene, nha polyester khng no.
Styrene ng dng nhiu trong cc lnh vc nh cng nghip in, xy dng, ng
gi v sn phm tiu dng.Lng tiu th EB cho cc ng dng khc ngoi sn
xut Styrene c nh gi nh hn 1%. Cc ng dng ny bao gm vic s dng
EB lm dung mi, ngoi ra sn xut diethylbenzene, acetophenone and ethyl
anthraquinone.
II. CC PHNG PHP SN XUT ETYLBENZEN
1. Bn cht ha hc [4]
Bn cht ha hc ca qu trnh sn xut Etylbenzen l alkyl ha theo nguyn t
cacbon. (alkyl ha hydrocacbon thm)
Phng trnh phn ng c dng:

Xc tc cho qu trnh l cc axit, trong , hot tnh cao nht v c dng ph

bin nht trong cng nghip khi s dng tc nhn alkyl ha l dn xut clo, l
clorua nhm (AlCl3 ). Ngoi ra cc xc tc khc nh H2SO4, HF cng thng c
s dng cho cc phn ng alkyl ha trong pha lng, H3PO4 c s dng cho pha
kh. V k t khi ngi ta pht hin ra cc vt liu ry phn t (zeolit) khng
nhng ch c tnh axit mnh thc y qu trnh to cacbocation, m cn c
tnh chn lc hn xc tc pha lng, th chng bt u c s dng rng ri trong
cc cng ngh alkyl ha mi, tin hnh trong c 2 pha (lng v kh).
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Tc nhn s dng ph bin l dn xut clo v olefin. Ru t c s dng do to

ra nc trong qu trnh alkyl ha, dn n phn hy xc tc AlCl3.
2. C ch phn ng [4]
C ch ca qu trnh bt u bng giai on hnh thnh cacbocation.
Vi tc nhn alkyl ha l dn xut Clo:

Vi tc nhn alkyl ha l olefin, c mt HCl:

Trong giai on tip theo, vng hydrocacbon thm s b cacbocation ny tn cng

thay th cho mt proton ca nhn thm.

Benzen l mt hydrocacbon thm hot ng. Di cc iu kin thch hp, benzen

c th c th bi cc tc nhn i in t khc nhau. Khi alkyl ha, vng
benzen tr nn hot ha v cc hp cht di- , tri- , polyalkyl d dng hnh thnh
hn. Tuy nhin, cc sn phm monoalkyl c th c to ra vi hiu sut cao nht
bng cch tng t l benzen/olefin. Benzen c th c alkyl ha bng cc olefin
thp nh etylen, propylen, hoc cc olefin mch di (C12-C14) to ra cc alkylat
cho cng nghip cht ty ra.
Etylbenzen ch yu c sn xut t qu trnh alkyl ha benzen vi etylen. C hai
loi qu trnh alkyl ha pha lng v pha hi u c th c p dng. Trong cng
ngh pha lng, xc tc AlCl3 c xc tin bi HCl hoc etylenclorua. Phn ng
alkyl ha ta nhit v c tin hnh khong 150oC v 0.5-1 MPa.
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Dietylbenzen v cc alkylat cao hn cng c to thnh t qu trnh alkyl ha.

Tuy nhin, t l Benzen/Etylen cao s lm gim lng polyalkylat v vic tun
hon cc polyalkylbenzen tr li thit b phn ng s gip lm tng hiu sut
etylbenzen nh qu trnh chuyn nhm alkyl.

chn lc etylbenzen cng c th c tng cng nu hn ch chuyn ha

ca qu trnh mc 50%. Cc qu trnh cng ngh mi nht s dng nng xc
tc AlCl3 thp, t l etylen/benzen rt thp, v nhit phn ng cao (khong
150oC ) cho php tng chn lc Etylbenzen ln n 99%.

3.Cc phng php sn xut Etylbenzen [1]

Alkyl ha Benzene vi Ethylene l ngun gn y sn xut Ethylbenzene.
Trong vi thp k, hu ht qu trnh Alkyl ha dng axit Lewis ha tan, a phn l
AlCl3 lm xc tc cho phn ng trong pha lng. 40% Ethylbenzene sn xut trn
th gii vn s dng da trn phng php ny. Mc d phng php ny khng
cnh tranh c v mt kinh t do gi thnh x l nc thi tng. Thm na, l qu
trnh n mn thit b v ng ng. T u nhng nm 1980, cng ngh s dng
Zeolite, tin hnh trong pha hi v gn y l trong pha lng c s dng trong
nhiu nh my. Ngy nay do s gia tng p lc v mi trng kch thch vic
ci tin cng ngh dng AlCl3 sang cng ngh s dng Zeolite. Khong 106 t nng
sut trong cc nh my c chuyn sang cng ngh Zeolite t 1997 ti 1999

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Ch cn s lng rt nh cc nh my trn th gii vn dng phng php sn xut

Ethylbenzene bng cch chng hn hp hi hydrocacbon thm C8.
3.1 Qu trnh Alkyl ha vi xc tc acid Lewis, khng s dng Zeolite [1]
Cng ngh Aluminum Chloride trong pha lng c thng mi ha ln u tin
vo nm 1930. Nhng cng ty pht trin cng ngh ny gm c Dow Chemical,
BASF, Shell Chemical, Monsanto/Lummus, Societe Chimiques des
Charbonnages, v Union Carbide/Badger. Nhiu nh my vn ang hot ng, a
phn trong s chng s dng cng ngh Monsanto/Lummus, l cng ngh u vit
nht trong s nhng cng ngh s dng Aluminum Chloride. Lumus khng tip tc
pht trin cng ngh ny vi vic thng mi ha cng ngh s dng Zeolite pha
lng vo 1990.
Qu trnh Alkyl ha benzene vi ethylene ta nhit mnh ( H = 114 kJ/mol ).
S c mt ca AlCl3 lm phn ng din ra rt nhanh, tng lng ethylbenzene thu
c. Ngoi xc tc AlCl3 c th dng AlBr3, FeCl3, ZrCl4, v BF3. Cng ngh
ny s dng ethyl chloride hoc hydrogen chloride lm cht tr xc tc, c tc
dng lm gim lng AlCl3 yu cu.
Cng ngh AlCl3 thng c hn, ngy nay t khi s dng ( Figure 1 ), gm 3 pha :
pha lng hydrocacbon thm, pha kh ethylene, xc tc dng phc pha lng ( phc
cht c mu nu gi l red oil ).

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Figure 1. Aluminum chloride process for ethylbenzene production

a) Catalyst mix tank; b) Alkylation reactor; c) Settling tank; d) Acid separator; e)
Caustic separator; f) Water separator; g) Benzene recovery column; h) Benzene
dehydrator column; i) Ethylbenzene recovery column; j) Polyethylbenzene column

Hn hp ca xc tc, benzene kh v polyalkylbenzene tun hon c a vo

thit b phn ng, khuy trn mnh nhm phn tn 2 pha, pha xc tc v
hydrocacbon thm. Ethylene v tr xc tc c thm vo hn hp phn ng qua
vi phun, c bn 100% ethylene c chuyn ha. Nhng nh my in hnh hot
ng vi t l mol ethylene / benzene t 0.3-0.35. T l ny cng tng cng c
thm nhiu phn ng ph nh chuyn mch alkyl, isome ha sp xp li mch C.
Qu trnh alkyl ha ethylbenzene dn ti qu trnh hon nguyn li
polyalkylbenzene to thnh phn t c khi lng thp hn. Nguyn nhn ca vic
gim hiu sut l do s to thnh nha, cc. khc phc cho tun hon li cc
cht ti thit b phn ng alkyl ha. Mt khc phn ng dng do t ti cn bng
nhit. Cc cng ngh truyn thng s dng mt thit b phn ng n alkyl ha
benzene v chuyn mch alkyl polyalkylbenzene.
Nhit phn ng c gii hn ti 130 oC, nhit cao hn xc tc cng nhanh
mt hot tnh, u tin to hydrocacbon khng thm v polyalkylbenzene, nhng
cht c hp th bi xc tc axit dng phc to thnh sn phm ph. p sut cn
duy tr phn ng xy ra trong pha lng. Do hn hp phn ng c tnh n mn
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cao, thit b alkyl ha phi c bc gch hoc thy tinh. H thng ng ng vn

chuyn yu cu lm bng hp kim.
Sn phm lng ca thit b phn ng c lm lnh v x vo thit b lng. Pha
xc tc nng c lng t pha lng hu c v tun hon li. Pha hu c c ra
vi nc v kim loi AlCl3 v tr xc tc. Pha tinh th t cm x l u tin
c trung ha v sau hon nguyn li dung dch AlCl3 bo ha v cn nhm
hydroxit.
Vic loi b xc tc ha tan t sn phm hu c l mt th thch vi nh sn xut
ethylbenzene. CdF Chimie tm ra rng qu trnh hon nguyn AlCl3 t c
bng cch cho tip xc pha hu c vi ammoniac cha NaOH.
Qu trnh lm sch sn phm ethylbenzene c tin hnh trong h thng 3 thp
chng. Benzene cha chuyn ha c tun hon li phn nh thp chng u
tin. Thp th 2 tch ethylbenzene t phn nng polyalkyl. Sn phm y l
nguyn liu vo thp chng cui, nhm tun hon polyalkylbenzene ( tch ra t
phn cn nng c khi lng phn t ln khng tun hon ). Phn cn hoc du
long cha cc hp cht hydrocacbon thm a vng c dng lm nhin liu
t chy.
Do hn hp alkyl ha ch cho php c mt lng nh nc, v vy benzene tun
hon v benzene mi u phi c lm kh trc khi a vo thit b phn ng.
Nc khng ch lm tng qu trnh n mn m cn lm gim hot tnh xc tc.
Vic tch nc benzene c tin hnh trong thit b chng tch.

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Figure 2. Homogeneous liquid-phase alkylation process for ethylbenzene

production
a) Benzene drying column; b) Alkylation reactor; c) Catalyst preparation tank;
d)Transalkylator; e) Flash drum; f) Vent gas scrubbing system; g) Decantor;
h)Neutralization system

Cng ngh Mosanto ci tin ( Figure 2 ) u vit hn so vi cng ngh s dng

AlCl3 thng thng. Nhiu nh my ci tin vi cng ngh ny. u im ln
nht l gim lng xc tc AlCl3 s dng, v vy s gim gi thnh x l xc tc
qua s dng. Monsato tm ra rng bng cch tng nhit v iu chnh cn
thn vic thm ethylene, nng AlCl3 yu cu c th gim ti gii hn ha tan.
Do loi c vic tch pha xc tc dng phc, t c hiu sut phn ng cao
nht. Cng ngh Monsato cng gn tng t cng ngh truyn thng. Cng ngh
hot ng vi nng ethylene vo thp. Nhit qu trnh alkyl ha c duy tr
160-180 oC. Nhit vn hnh cao hn s lm tng hot tnh xc tc, ngoi ra
nhit ca phn ng c dng sn xut hi p sut thp.
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Khc vi cng ngh truyn thng, cng ngh ny thc hin qu trnh alkyl ha v
chuyn mch alkyl trong thit b phn ng n, h xc tc ng th dng trong
thit b phn ng chuyn mch alkyl ring. nng xc tc thp hn, qu trnh
tun hon polyalkylbenzene kt thc phn ng alkyl ha. V vy ch c benzene
kh, ethylene v xc tc lm nguyn liu cho thit b phn ng alkyl ha.
Polyalkylbenzene tun hon s c trn vi sn phm ca thit b phn ng alkyl
ha vo thit b phn ng chuyn mch alkyl. Thit b ny vn hnh nhit
thp hn so vi thit b phn ng alkyl ha s cp.
Sau qu trnh chuyn mch alkyl, sn phm phn ng c ra v trung ha
loi b AlCl3. Vi cng ngh ng th, tt c xc tc dng dung dch. Hn hp
sn phm v xc tc d sau c lm sch, s dng mt lot thit b tng t
cng ngh AlCl3 miu t. Nh nhng cng ngh dng AlCl3, phn cn hu c
s c dng lm nhin liu t v AlCl3 loi c dng bn hoc gi cho cc
nh my x l.
Nm 1999, khong 40% vic sn xut ethylbenzene trn th gii s dng cng
ngh AlCl3. Cng ngh khc da trn axit Lewis c gi l Alkar process.
c pht trin bi UOP, da trn xc tc BF3, cng ngh ny tr nn hin i
nht trong nm 1960, nhng vn cha thc s u vit do gi thnh bo dng cao,
l kt qu ca s n mn bi mt lng nh nc. nhiu nc pht trin, nh
my Alkar vn ang vn hnh.
Tuy nhin cng ngh ny cho sn phm ethylbenzene c tinh khit cao, c th
s dng nguyn liu ethylene long. Nu u vo ca nc c ngn nga mt
cch trit , vn n mn ca cng ngh AlCl3 c loi b. Tuy nhin ch cn
mt lng nc nh ( < 1g/kg ) lm thy phn xc tc BF3.
Phn ng alkyl ha tin hnh p sut cao ( 2.5- 3.5 MPa ) v nhit thp ( 100150 oC ). Benzene kh, ethylene v xc tc BF3 l nguyn liu cho thit b phn
ng. T l mol ethylene/benzene nm gia 0.15-0.2. Nhit vo ca phn ng
c iu chnh bng cch tun hon mt lng nh sn phm phn ng. Qu trnh
chuyn mch alkyl c tin hnh trong thit b phn ng ring bit.Benzene kh,
xc tc BF3 v polyalkylbenzene tun hon lm nguyn liu cho thit b phn ng
chuyn mch alkyl, vn hnh nhit cao hn ( 180-230 oC ) so vi thit b alkyl
ha. Sn phm t hai thp phn ng c a qua thp tun hon benzene tch
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benzene, tun hon li thp phn ng. BF3 v hydrocacbon nh thu c trn nh
thp, c tun hon li. Sn phm y ca thp tun hon benzene c a sang
thp chng sn phm, ethylbenzene c tinh khit > 99.9% thu c nh.
Thp cui cng hon nguyn polyalkylbenzene, tun hon li thp phn ng
chuyn mch alkyl.
Cng ngh Alkar c th thc hin vi nguyn liu ethylene cha mt lng nh 810% mol ethylene, c th s dng nhiu loi nguyn liu khc nhau trong nh my
lc du v t than, kh l. Tuy nhin qu trnh tinh khit cc nguyn liu ny cn
loi b cc hp cht gy ng c cho xc tc BF3 nh nc, cc hp cht S v qu
trnh oxi ha.

3.2.

Qu trnh Alkyl ha pha hi trn Zeolites [1]

Cng ngh Mobil-Badger pha hi c pht trin vo nm 1970 vi Zeolit tng

hp ZSM-5 vi nhng thit k khc nhau. Thit k u tin thng mi ha bi
American Hoechst vo nm 1980, tin hnh phn ng alkyl ha trong pha hi v
chuyn mch alkyl nhng thit b phn ng n bng cch tun hon li
ethylbenzene trc giai on cui ca cng ngh, tng t nh cng ngh AlCl3
thng thng. Mi y nht l cng ngh th h th 3 thc hin chuyn mch alkyl
trong thit b phn ng ring bit, p sut thp hn. Cng ngh th h th 3 ny
t c nhng li ch to ln v sn lng, tinh khit sn phm v gi thnh
u t, c s dng rng ri vo nm 1990.
Cng ngh Zeolit xc tc pha hi c bit thch hp vi nguyn liu ethylene
long, kh off-gas t phn lng ca qu trnh cracking xc tc ( FCC ) trong nh
my lc ha du. Cho ti tn khi cng ngh Zeolite xc tc trong pha lng c
thng mi ha vo nm 1990, cng ngh xc tc Zeolite pha hi vn l cng ngh
trng yu dng trong nhiu nh my. Mobil-Badger c tng 31 nh my, phn
xng t nm 1980, c cp php.
Xc tc dng tng c nh ZSM-5 cho qu trnh alkyl ha cng tng t nh
nhng cng ngh khc. Tuy nhin cc phn t ethylene c hp ph trn cc tm
axit Bronsted ca xc tc, hot ha phn t ethylene v cho php chng lin kt
vi cc phn t benzene. Do vy sn phm ph ca qu trnh alkyl ha
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hydrocacbon thm to thnh bi cng ngh Mobil-Badger cao hn so vi cc cng

ngh ca Friedel-Crafts.
Thp cacbon c dng lm vt liu ch to, vt liu khng yu cu ph bng hp
kim v gch. S h thng ca thit k th h th 3 c ch ra Figure 3.

Figure 3. Third-generation Mobil Badger ethylbenzene process

a)Reactor-feed heater; b) Alkylation reactor; c) Benzene recovery column;
d)Ethylbenzene recovery column; e) Polyethylenebenzene recovery column;
f)Secondary reactor; g) Stabilizer

Thit b phn ng alkyl ha vn hnh nhit 350-450 oC v 1-3 MPa. nhit

ny, trn 99% cng ngh, lng nhit vo v nhit ta ra thc t ca phn ng
dng sn xut hi. Khi phn ng bao gm thit b phn ng a tng, thit b
gia nhit l t, thit b tun hon nhit. Thit b phn ng vn hnh vi lng d
benzene v ethylene.
S mt hot tnh din ra chm nguyn nhn l do qu trnh to cc, khong 36h v
thm ch l 18-24 thng vn hnh, ty thuc vo iu kin vn hnh. Xc tc c
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nhy vi cc hp cht nh nc, S v cc cht c khc thp hn so vi axit Lewis

v Zeolite tin hnh trong pha lng.
Sn phm phn ng a qua phn tinh ch. Benzene l sn phm nh ca thp
chng u tin v c tun hon li thit b phn ng. Ethylbenzene ly ra nh
thp chng th 2.Sn phm y t thp ny c chuyn sang thp cui cng, l
thp tun hon alkylbenzene v polyalkylbenzene c tch ra t phn cn nng
khng tun hon. Phn cn c nht thp cha diphenylmethane v
diphenylethane, s dng lm nhin liu t.
Alkylbenzene v polyalkylbenzene c phn t lng cao hn c tun hon li
thit b chuyn mch alkyl pha hi, c chuyn ha vi s c mt ca benzene d
trn xc tc Zeolite. Do thit b ny c p sut thp hn nhng nhit cao so vi
thit b alkyl ha, Alkylbenzene phn t lng cao hn b dealkyl ha trong khi
diethylbenzene chuyn mch alkyl to ethylbenzene.
Cng ngh th h th nht v th 2 tng t nhau, im khc bit ch yu l
polyethylbenzene c tun hon li thit b phn ng alkyl ha. V nguyn nhn
ny nn cng ngh c hiu sut thp hn so vi cng ngh th h th 3.
Cng ngh ny thch hp vi nguyn liu ethylene long. Cng ngh s dng hn
hp C2 t sn phm ca qu trnh Cracking naphtha. Hn na, do gi nguyn liu
thp, thch hp vi ethylene long sn xut t kh off-gas ca qu trnh FCC nn
cng ngh ny c quan tm nhiu hn.Hai nh my, phn xng ca MobilBadger tm c th gii vn hnh vi off-gas FCC, mt l t 1991 v mt t 1998.
3.3.

Qu trnh Alkyl ha trn xc tc Zeolite trong pha lng [1]

Cng ngh pha lng s dng xc tc Zeolite bt u c thng mi ha t nm

1990, nh my u tin vn hnh bi Nippon SM ca Nht, da trn cng ngh ca
hng ABB Lummus Global and Unocal. Cng ngh ny s dng xc tc Zeolite Y
v gn y hn l Zeolite siu n nh. Cng ngh EB trn pha lng, EBMax ca
Mobil-Badger, da trn xc tc Mobil MCM-22, c a vo hot ng ln u
Chiba Styrene Monomer Corp, Nht. C tt c 12 nh my s dng cng ngh xc
tc Zeolite trong pha lng c a vo vn hnh cui nm 1999. Mc d c nhiu
im khc bit gia 2 cng ngh nhng c hai u c u im l vn u t thp,
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cht lng sn phm tt hn so vi nhng cng ngh ra i trc ( cng ngh

pha hi ca Mobil-Badger ).
Cng ngh pha lng s dng xc tc Zeolite mao qun rng hn ZSM-5. C hai
u yu cu ci tin xc tc thi gian hot ng ca xc tc lu hn.
S ca 2 cng ngh tng i ging nhau ( Figure 4 v 5 ).

Figure 4. Lummus/UOP ethylbenzene process

a) Alkylation reactor; b) Transalkylation reactor; c) Benzene column;
d)Ethylbenzene column; e) Polyethylbenzene column

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Figure 5. Mobil Badger EBMax process

a) Alkylation reactor; b) Transalkylation reactor; c) Benzene column; d) Vent-gas
column; e) Ethylbenzene column; f) Polyethylbenzene column

Ethylene c bm vo thit b phn ng Alkyl ha tng c nh nhiu ngn c

mt ca Benzene d. Nhit phn ng ca tng cng ngh khc nhau, nhng
phi gi di nhit ti hn ca Benzene 289oC.p sut phi ln gi kh
nh trong dung dch, khong 4 Mpa. Benzene d thu c nh thp chng c
tun hon li thp phn ng alkyl ha. Sn phm y ca thp chng Benzene
c a sang thp tch sn phm ethylbenzene, ethylbenzene s c ly ra
nh. Sn phm y a vo thp tch polyethylbenzene. Poliethylbenzene v
alkylbenzene s c tch ra t phn cn. Sn phm nh em tun hon li thp
phn ng chuyn mch alkyl trong pha lng cng vi Benzene d t nh thp tch
benzene. Sn phm t thp phn ng chuyn mch alkyl c a tr li thp
chng.
Sn phm ethylbenzene c ln benzene, cc loi hydrocacbon khng thm nh
naphthenes, toluene v alkylbenzene c phn t lng ln hn. Ty tng cng
ngh v ph thuc vo iu kin vn hnh, cc thnh phn ny c th xut pht t
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ngun nguyn liu benzene hoc to thnh trong thit b phn ng. iu kin vn
hnh trong mi thp chng s khc nhau.
3.4.

Cng ngh s dng Zeolite pha hn hp [1]

Cng ngh sn xut ethylbenzene trong pha hn hp c a ra bi CDTech, l

cng ty lin hp ca ABB Lummus Global v Chemical Research and Licensing.
Nh my u tin ra i vo nm 1994 v ti nm 1999 ba phn xng i vo
vn hnh. c trng ca cng ngh ny l thit b phn ng alkyl ha cha xc tc
Zeolite. Kh ethylene v benzene lng vo thp chng. Do nguyn liu vo l
ethylene trong pha hi, cng ngh ny s dng ethylene long sn xut t qu trnh
chng ct ca cracking hi nc. S cng ngh c ch ra trong Figure 6.

Figure 6. CDTech ethylbenzene process

a) Finishing reactor; b) Transalkylator; c) Alkylator; d) Benzene stripper;
e)Ethylbenzene column; f) Polyethylbenzene column
BFW = boiler feed water, PEB = polyethylbenzene

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Etylene c a vo thp chng benzene. Sn phm nh benzene v ethylene

cha chuyn ha c a sang thp Alkyl ha ri quay tr li lm nguyn liu
cho thp phn ng, c s dng xc tc Zeolite. Sn phm y ca thp tch
Benzene chuyn sang thp chng ethylbenzene, ethylbenzene ly ra nh thp.
Polyethylbenzene c chng t phn cn, sau tin hnh chuyn mch alkyl
trong thp phn ng trn pha lng, c mt ca benzene d. Sn phm ca qu trnh
chuyn mch alkyl quay tr li thp chng.
3.5.

Qu trnh chng tch t hn hp C8 [1]

t hn 1% ethylbenzene c sn xut t qu trnh ny, thng kt hp vi sn

xut Xylene t sn phm ca qu trnh reforming. D cng ngh hp ph pht
trin, ch yu vn l cng ngh EBEX ca UOP. Sn xut ethylbenzene t ngun
ny tin hnh phn ln bng chng ct. Do qu trnh tch rt kh khn, cng ngh
tin hnh chng trong khong hp ( siu chng phn on ). Cng ngh u tin
ca hng Cosden Oil and Chemical Company ra i nm 1957, lin kt vi Badger
Company. Qu trnh tch yu cu 3 thp chng , mi thp hn 100 a. Nhiu nh
my c xy dng M, chu u v Nht trong nm 1960. Tuy nhin do vn
u t v gi nng lng tng khin phng php ny khng c tnh cnh tranh.

III. SO SNH, LA CHN CNG NGH

1.So snh cng ngh
Cng ngh alkyl ha benzen bng etylen thc hin trong pha lng, s dng xc tc
AlCl3 tuy ra i sm nht v t c nhng thnh tu khng th ph nhn,
song vi nhng hn ch khng th khc phc c ca n, th trong cc nh my
hin i ngy nay, cng ngh ny tr thnh lc hu v khng cn c la chn
na, m thay vo l cng ngh alkyl ha trong pha hi hoc pha lng nhng vi
xc tc zeolit.
Mt s nhc im ca cng ngh alkyl ha trong pha lng s dng xc tc AlCl3:

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Xc tc c kh nng gy n mn thit b cao, do vt liu c s dng

ch to thit b phn ng cng nh cc thit b ph tr lin quan n xc tc
u phi s dng loi vt liu khng b n mn.
Nguyn liu cho qu trnh alkyl ha trn xc tc AlCl3 cn phi c tch
nc n gii hn cho php do nc cn ln trong nguyn liu c th gy
phn hy xc tc v n mn thit b.
Xc tc v tc nhn phn ng l ng pha lng, do cn c thm bc
trung ha xc tc tch b hon ton xc tc ra khi sn phm sau phn
ng, do s cng ngh cng knh.
Do xc tc khng th ti sinh ti s dng nn cn phi c thm bc x
l xc tc hn ch nhng nh hng ca n n mi trng
Ngy nay, khi mt nh my sn xut etylbenzen mi c xy dng th cng ngh
sn xut trong pha hi, hoc pha lng trn xc tc zeolit thng c quan tm n
u tin, do tnh kinh t v ti u v cht lng sn phm ca n.
Tuy nhin, gia cng ngh pha hi v pha lng cng c nhng im khc bit
Trong cng ngh alkyl ha trong pha hi, thit b phn ng thng vn hnh
iu kin nhit cao hn so vi pha lng (400-450oC), nhit , xc
tc d b mt hot tnh hn do cc bm hoc b phn hy nhit. [3]
Phn ng alkyl ha trong pha lng, etylen thng phn ng ht, do hn
ch s dng thit b thu hi khi sau phn ng nn tit kim c chi ph u
t.
Hiu sut sn phm etylbenzen thu c trong alkyl ha pha lng l khong
99.7%. [3]
Sn phm thu c ca qu trnh alkyl ha trong pha lng c tinh khit
99.9% [5], v khng ln xylen do rt thch hp lm nguyn liu sn xut
styren.
2. La chn cng ngh [5]
T nhng u nhc im phn tch trn, em la chn cng ngh alkyl ha trong
pha lng vi mt s c im sau.
Cng ngh thuc bn quyn ca hng UOP & ABB Lummus Global
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Th phn trn th gii: C 19 nh my sn xut etylbenzen ang s dng

cng ngh ny (tnh n nm 2005).
Nguyn liu: etylen v benzen
Cht lng sn phm: etylbenzen thu c c tinh khit 99.9%wt.
Xc tc: zeolit
Vt liu ch to thit b: thp cacbon
Nhng n lc c thc hin nhm hn ch ti a s to thnh sn phm ph bng
cch thay i iu kin phn ng Tp < 270oC ph hp vi iu kin lm vic ca
xc tc zeolit. Qu trnh da trn cng ngh c pht trin bi hng UOP & ABB
Lummus Global.

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TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Fritz Ullmann, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley Online
Library, 1914.
2. Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, Safe handling and storage of benzene,
2005.
3. David Netzer, method for producing ethylbenzene, Patent No.: US 6,252,126
B1, 2001.
4. Phm Thanh Huyn, Nguyn Hng Lin, Cng ngh tng hp hu c-ha du,
Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut, 2006.
5. Axens, Petrochemical Processes 2005, Gulf Publishing Company, 2005.

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