Notebook #2

Atomic structure and

Nomenclature

Bohrs Model: mini

solar system where
electrons orbit around
the nucleus like planets
revolve around the sun

Atomic mass #
Protons

Nucleus

Electrons

2 or more
atoms united
chemically =
Molecule

Neutrons

If gained or
lost= isotope

Atomic #

Atoms- smallest
particle of matter
that possess
properties of an
element

Element: 2+
elements
combine to form
compounds

Compound:
molecules are the
smallest unit of a
compound

Gained/lost =
ion
Electron Shells
Arrangement
: K, L, M, N,
O P, Q
Binding energy- force
electron is binded to
nucleus

Covalent bond:
Two atoms share
orbital electrons
(H2O)

Radioactivity
Octet rule: outer
shell </= to 8
Valence: number
of electrons in
outermost shell
of an atom
determines this
Ionic bond:
Element freely
accepts an
electron to form
a chemical bond
because atoms
prefer the stable
octet. Attraction
of opposite
charges

Atoms with unstable

nucleus exist in
unnaturally excited state.
Usually have too many
or too few neutrons

Half-life; time it takes for

the quantity of
radioactivity to be reduced
to its original value

Undergo
radioactive decay
- alpha
- beta
- gamma