paraline drawing

ddesign
i tools
t l andd skills
kill 1
fall 2010

paraline a method of drawing projection

in which matching axes are parallel and note
lengths at the same scale

paraline a method of drawing projection

in which matching axes are parallel and note
lengths at the same scale

isometric

axonometric

axonometric

45 degree

30-60 degree

elevation oblique

paraline drawing types

all vertical lines remain vertical
all parallel lines remain parallel
all lines parallel to x-y-z axes can be drawn to scale

isometric
iso + metric = equal measure
all three visible surfaces have equal emphasis
orthographic plans and elevations can never be used
in an isometric drawing

isometric cube procedure

draw vertical line from baseline
draw bottom edges of cube, rotated 30 degrees
add remaining vertical lines
complete with parallel lines

grinding engine (1822)

william farrish

parc de la villette(1983)
bernard tschumi

habitat extension module

mark hempsell

120 deg.

120 deg.

120 deg.

120 deg.

isometric curve

120 deg.

120 deg.
isometric curve

120 deg.

120 deg.
isometric curve

120 deg.

120 deg.
isometric curve

plan

isometric

oblique

unclear

problems with isometric drawings

parallel lines can appear to diverge
cubic forms and 45 degree lines may appear flat
oblique projection may be more clear

elevation oblique
-vertical plane remains parallel to the drawing surface,
usually reserved for most important face of building
-orthographic elevation can be used, in true scale

sant andrea
leon alberti

axonometric

(plan oblique)

orthographic plans can be used to show accurate

horizontal forms
higher angle of view than isometric
30-60 degree projection gives one vertical face
more emphasis

architectural graphics
ching

aj. mark

aj. mark

aj. mark

aj. mark (right)

house vi (1974)
p. eisenman

delirious NY (1963)
r. koolhaas