CH112-04 Project Framework - RevB PDF

800xA Minerals Training
Chapter 4 Project Framework
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 4 Project Framework ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
4.1 General Information............................................................................................................................................................. 2
4.1.1 Objectives ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4.1.2 Legend .......................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4.2 Automation Solution............................................................................................................................................................ 3
4.2.1 Control Project.............................................................................................................................................................. 4
4.2.2 Working in the Plant Explorer / Engineering Workplace ............................................................................................. 4
4.2.3 Working in the Project Explorer of Control Builder M ................................................................................................ 4
4.2.4 How to Create a Control Network ................................................................................................................................ 5
4.2.5 How to Create a Control Project................................................................................................................................... 7
4.2.6 How to Start the Control Builder M.............................................................................................................................. 8
4.3 Project Explorer Overview ............................................................................................................................................. 10
4.3.1 Online Help................................................................................................................................................................. 11
4.3.2 Toolbar Buttons .......................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.3.3 Project Tree................................................................................................................................................................. 12
4.3.4 Limits.......................................................................................................................................................................... 16
4.4 The POU Editor ................................................................................................................................................................. 17
4.4.1 Program Organization Units ....................................................................................................................................... 17
4.4.2 Editor Overview.......................................................................................................................................................... 18
4.4.3 Declaration Pane ......................................................................................................................................................... 20
4.4.4 Message Pane.............................................................................................................................................................. 21
4.4.5 Code Pane ................................................................................................................................................................... 23
4.5 Test (Simulation) Mode ..................................................................................................................................................... 25
4.6 Project Explorer Plant Explorer ...................................................................................................................................... 26
4.6.1 Synchronization .......................................................................................................................................................... 28
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CH112-04 Project Framework - RevB
4.1 General Information

4.1.1 Objectives
On completion of this chapter you will be able to:
Create a new Project in the 800xA system.
Navigate in the Project Explorer.
Structure the Application
Describe the POU editor
Interpret a Functional Specification.
4.1.2 Legend
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<>
Indicates a key name.
Indicates when you go from one menu to a sub-menu.
Bold
Indicates a menu name or an option in a menu, or file structures
Indicates dialog box buttons, tabs, instructions etc.
Indicates start/explanation of student activity
4.2 Automation Solution

An Automation Solution is the integrated automation system for administration,
maintenance and control. In System 800xA, you can create and handle many Control
Projects which can comprise libraries, applications, controllers, security, graphic,
history logs, etc.
The Project Explorer in Control Builder M and the Plant Explorer / Engineering
Workplace should be considered as two separate interfaces for building and
maintaining Control projects.
800xA System
Plant Explorer /
Engineering Workplace
Control Builder M
Project Explorer
Handles one
Control project
Builds
Control projects
Download to
AC 800M controller
Control system
AC800M
Aspect System
Handles many
Control projects
Administer
Control projects
Faceplates and
Alarm Lists
Operator Workplace
As an engineer you will continuously shift between the Project Explorer (Control
Builder M) and the Plant Explorer (800xA workplace) while building Control
Projects.
Control Builder M Professional is the certified tool to configure SIL certified

applications. SIL stands for Safety Integrity Level, as specified in the standard IEC61508. To run SIL certified AC 800M applications, you need the SIL certified AC
800M High Integrity controller.
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4.2.1 Control Project

Engineers, who are new with the Control Builder M programming tool, typically
equate a program to a Control project. It is not the same thing.
Control projects are the 'traditional' programs for control within each geographical
plant area (Control Network). They hold all the applications and controllers for
controls like library objects, IEC 61131-3 code, hardware configuration, faceplates,
etc.
4.2.2 Working in the Plant Explorer / Engineering Workplace

The following actions can / should only take place from the Plant Explorer /
Engineering Workplace:
View Aspects in Structures
Editing graphics with Visual Basic
Working with the Import/Export Tool for subsets of an Automation System
Maintaining Backup and Restore for a complete Automation Solution
Configuring security
Maintaining Libraries via 'Library version definition' aspect
Creating new library versions
4.2.3 Working in the Project Explorer of Control Builder M

The following actions can/should only take place from the Project Explorer:
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Creating hardware
The Project Explorer only provides (lists) the relevant modules that can be
connected to a certain object.
Setting an application in Test and Simulate mode
Upgrading applications
Downloading applications to controllers
Setting task connections
4.2.4 How to Create a Control Network

Note that building operations for libraries and applications can be done to a great
extent in the Project Explorer as well as in the Engineering Workplace.
The Plant Explorer / Engineering Workplace should be used to create the Control
Network and establish a Control Project. A Control Network is used to group
connected OPC Servers.
NOTE!
The Control Network in the Control Structure

corresponds to the physical Control Network.
1. Select the Control Structure in the Plant Explorer Workplace.

This is the structure used to create Control Networks, set the OPC data source
definition aspect, and create Control Projects.
2. Right mouse click on the Root and select New Object from the Context menu.
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3. Select the object type Control Network and give a suitable name.
4. The result will look like this:
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4.2.5 How to Create a Control Project

After you have created a Control Network, create a Control Project.
A Control Project groups applications and controllers together from the Project
Explorer. Several Control Projects can be created in one Control Network.
1. Right mouse click on the Control Network object and select New Object from
the Context menu.
2. Select a controller from the 800xA family (in our case select AC 800M)
3. Type in the name for the Control Project, such as Project_XX.
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4.2.6 How to Start the Control Builder M

When you created the Control Project object in the Plant Explorer / Engineering
Workplace the Control Builder M application will automatically open.
If the Control Builder M application does not open automatically, right mouse click on
the Project_XX, Control Project of the Control Structure and select Open Project
from the context menu.
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You can also start Control Builder M Professional from the start menu of Windows.
Start | Programs | ABB Industrial IT | 800xA Engineer IT Control Builder M
It is also possible to use the shortcut on the desktop if this was installed.
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4.3 Project Explorer Overview

The Project Explorer is a separate window with a menu bar and a Toolbar. The
window is split into two separate viewing areas (panes). In the upper pane, the project
is displayed in a tree view control with folders and in the lower pane there are three
tab controls for Description, Check and Message.
The Project Explorer is a tool you can use to create, modify and navigate in a project.
You can select all objects such as data types; functions and function block types and
display them in an editor.
Lower Pane / Description Tab

A description, written in the editor (e.g. the program editor), of the selected object in
the tree view control is displayed in the Description tab.
Lower Pane / Check Pane
A check of a selected object, e.g., an Application and its contents is performed when
you select Check in the pop-up menu (click with the right mouse button). If any
errors are found, they are displayed in the Check pane. Double-click on an error to
locate the exact position of the error in an editor.
Lower Pane / Message Tab
The Message tab displays system activity messages, e.g., going from offline to online
mode and opening files.
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4.3.1 Online Help

There is a powerful online help feature in the Control Builder.
Start the help with the help icon or select Help | Help Topics from the menu bar. You
can also press <F1>, which provides context sensitive help on the item currently
selected.
The Help Topics dialog box enables you to locate topics in the help files by using the
table of contents (Contents tab), by selecting keywords that are assigned to topics
(Index tab), or by searching for words within the file (Find tab).
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4.3.2 Toolbar Buttons

The Toolbar provides quick access to frequently used commands or options
Use this button for offline testing of the user

programs, with no controller required. It compiles and
simulates the project. All tasks are executed locally in
the PC.
Test Mode
Online
F5
Use this button to connect to the controller, e.g., if

you want to debug the program code in running
mode.
Download Project
and Go Online
CTRL-D
The program code in the application is compiled and

downloaded for execution in the controller. The
application automatically enters Online mode (see
above).
NOTE!
Downloads should be done always from the same

Engineering Station.
4.3.3 Project Tree

The project is displayed in a tree view with the contents indented in an outline based
on their logical hierarchical relationship. The objects in the Project Explorer are each
represented by a name and an icon. By clicking on the button with a plus or minus
sign beside the folder, you can expand or collapse an icon and the corresponding
container.
The Project Tree contains 3 directories:
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4.3.3.1 Libraries
The Libraries folder contains all libraries used in a project. By inserting a library in to
a project, its type will become available to connect to an application.
The libraries System, BasicLib, and IconLib are available in the Project Explorer by
default when the Project is created. There are a number of additional libraries that can
be inserted.
The libraries contain type definitions such as Data Types, Functions and Function
Block Types and Control Module Types that can be used in the project.
4.3.3.2 Applications
A Control Project may contain one or more applications. The application is the largest
organizational unit in any controller. However a controller may execute several
applications. Each application may be considered as an independent object in the
controller.
In the application create the Program(s) or Control Modules containing the program
code to be compiled and downloaded for execution in the Controller(s). Each
application to be used must be connected to a Controller by adding the Application to
the Applications folder of the Controllers folder.
An application may contain up to 64 Programs. This means that you can split the
control strategy into different parts, depending on required interval times and
priorities.
NOTE!
In this document the word Code refers to any

instructions that the controller can execute.
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You may choose to write code in any one of 5 language editors in Control Builder:
Instruction List
LD
ANDN
ST
C:= A AND NOT B;
Ladder Diagram
A B
AND
Step 1
FILL
Transition 1
Function Block Diagram
Sequential Function Chart
Structured Text
Step 2
S Empty
Transition 2
-| |--|/|----------------( )
Step 3
All languages are available for both Programs and Control Modules. Choose the
language that most suites your needs or preference.
There are two types of container that can be used to hold code in a control builder
application:
Control Modules
Programs
Programs have a traditional look and feel and represent a traditional approach to
application design and build. Within each program a selection of language editors may
be used. Each program may be divided into Code Blocks or Tabs, which may be
thought of as sub-programs. In some editors you may divide the tab into several pages.
Control Modules are another way of compiling code which has many advantages
over the traditional programs applications written with control modules will use less
memory and execute faster than those written with programs.
Application
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Control
Module 1
Control
Module 2
Control
Module N
Program 1
Program 2
Program N
4.3.3.3 Controllers
The hardware definition and the I/O connection are done in the Controllers folder. In
the root of the Controllers folder of each project, several controllers can be created.
When you create a new project or insert a new controller, is it suitable to select the
controller you intend to use in the project (AC800M or AC800M_Highintegrity).
The access variables are used for communication between applications, which may
exist in the same controller or in different controllers. Hardware units are added to the
tree structure representing physical hardware units.
The Applications containing the code are not executed unless a work scheduler - a
Task - is connected and serves as an engine running the code in the controller. In the
root of the Tasks folder of each Controller, several tasks can be created. Each
Controller has three default Tasks labeled Fast, Normal and Slow with their interval
times set to 50ms, 250ms and 1000ms respectively.
Each application to be used must be connected to a controller, by adding the
application to the Connected Applications folder of the Controllers folder
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4.3.4 Limits
4.3.4.1 General Limits
Max 64 programs per application
Max 256 applications per project
Max 8 applications per controller
Max 32 tasks per controller
Application programming can be done from any Engineering Station in the system at
the same time.
There is no access management. That means any changes will be overwritten by the
last person who saves!
4.3.4.2 Minerals Applications Rule

1 Process Section 1 Application 1 Controller
That means, one process section is implemented in one application which is loaded in
one controller.
Examples of process sections in Minerals applications:
Cement Mill
Kiln
Cooler
Raw Mill
Bunker Transport
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4.4 The POU Editor

4.4.1 Program Organization Units
The IEC 61131 standard describes Programs, Functions and Function Blocks as
Program Organization Units or POUs. These units help you organize your automation
project into code blocks to minimize code writing and optimize the code structure and
code maintenance. The Functions and Function Blocks POUs are not limited to "onetime-use". You can use them repeatedly and in a recursive structure.
The ABB Extensions adds to the IEC 61131 standard two more POUs Single
Control Module (SCM) and Control Modules (CM) which are used for more
sophisticated and efficient programming.
The figures below describe the hierarchical structure of the POUs. You could use both
the Function Block and the Control Module recursively to an unlimited depth whereas
the Program or Single Control Module is a "top-level" POU.
The Minerals Applications prefer to utilize SCM CM programming method.

The Application contains the code that is to be compiled and downloaded for
execution in the controller. An application should be seen as a container more than as
a programming object, since it does not contain any code of its own. The application
is the top hierarchical level.
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4.4.2 Editor Overview

Open the POU editor by double clicking on a Program, or right mouse click and
choose Editor.
The POU editors of Program, Function Blocks and Control Modules have basically the
same look and functionality. This section describes the functions and functionality of
a Program.
The configuration of Control Modules and Function Blocks are covered later in this
course.
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Toolbar Icons
The tables below describe menu commands, toolbar icons and keyboard short cuts
common to all editors. Editor-specific functions are described in the chapter of
respective editors.
Toolbar
icon
Keyboard
hot key
Description
Ctrl + U
Saves the changes and closes the editor.
Ctrl + W
Save the changes but does not close the editor.
Ctrl + B
Checks the editor contents for errors. The result is displayed

in the "Check" tab in the output pane. Double-click on the
lines with error messages to jump directly to the place where
an error occurred.
Ctrl + P
Prints the current pane on a printer.
Ctrl + J
Displays a screen preview of printer output.
Ctrl + Z
Undoes the most recent action. You can undo several steps,
except in the ST code editor, which only supports undoing
the most recent action. Not available in the SFC editor.
Ctrl + Y
Recalls the last undo action. Not available in the ST code

and the SFC editor.
Ctrl + X
Cut.
Ctrl + C
Copy.
Ctrl + V
Paste.
Ctrl + F
Standard find function. Note: the function only searches the

current pane and present code block.
F3
Finds the next occurrence of a specified text string. Note:

the function only searches the current pane and present
code block.
Standard find function, but searches all panes and all code
blocks (find in the Editor).
Toggles the display of the lower pane - the message pane.
Ctrl + I
Inserts statements like if-then-else, for-loop, etc.
Ctrl + Space
Fills in the rest of the name, for example, a variable name in

the code pane (complete word).
Ctrl + J
Inserts a variable, data type or attribute in the declaration

pane or in the code pane.
INS
Inserts a function or function block.
Ctrl + L
Inserts a function.
Ctrl + E
Edits a type. The type can be write protected, for example if

it is a system-protected type or an user-protected type.
Ctrl + M
Edit Parameter List. Opens the connection editor for

parameter input assistance.
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4.4.3 Declaration Pane

Use the declaration pane to declare variables and Function Blocks. Depending on
which editor you use, different declaration grids can be displayed by selecting the tabs
at the bottom of the declaration pane.
NOTE!
Copy/paste from MS programs like Excel is possible.
Variables
The variables in the program are the holders of values. They are declared by giving
each a name and by assigning a data type. A single program may contain many
variables and they must be declared when they are used. Variables can be written in
Microsoft Excel and then copied and pasted to the declaration pane of the POU editor.
Function Blocks
Function Blocks must be declared in the Function Blocks tab before they are used in
the ST or IL languages (Not necessary in the FBD or LD editors)
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4.4.4 Message Pane

The message pane consists of three tabs: Description, Check and Find in Editor.
Description
In the description tab, you can write notes in plain ASCII text. The notes are common
to all code blocks and grids. It does not change depending on which tab is activated.
The description is displayed in the lower pane of the tree view control by marking the
edited object (for which a description has been written), e.g. a program in the tree
view control and after that selecting the Description tab.
Check
When you are validating code, error messages are displayed in this pane. Doubleclick an error message to quickly go to the place where the error occurred.
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Find in Editor
You can use the Find in Editor command to search for a word in the entire current
editor. The result is presented as a list in the message pane under the Find In Editor
tab. You can double-click the row in the message pane to go quickly to the occurrence
of the word.
NOTE!
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These commands can be used after text selection in the

table or the code pane. The search is then performed
through the selected text.
4.4.5 Code Pane

The code pane is divided into code blocks. In the example below each tab contains a
code block in one of the different programming languages. It is advisable to arrange
the code in blocks to improve the overall code structure and readability.
The order of execution is determined by the order of the tabs for Function Blocks and
Programs. The execution order for Control Modules is set up by the system for the
most effective order possible.
NOTE!
Code blocks may be rearranged by clicking right on the

tab and selecting Arrange from the Context menu.
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Change the language

To change language on a code block, right click on the Code tab and select Change
Language.
Select the new Language for the code block and click OK.
NOTE!
The Language of a code block can only be changed if

there is no programming code in the block
Code blocks can be rearranged, deleted and renamed by right click on the code tab.
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4.5 Test (Simulation) Mode

It is possible to simulate a project without using any physical hardware.
Save the project and then either select the Test button or select Tools > Test Mode
from the menu in the Project Explorer to simulate the project.
Error Messages
If there is an error in the project when you request a Check or when you try to go to
Test Mode, an error message is written in the Message tab of the Project Explorer.
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4.6 Project Explorer Plant Explorer

This section gives you an overview about the link between the Project Explorer in
Control Builder M and the Control Structure in the Plant Explorer.
On the first view there are some objects which do not have corresponding objects on
the other working side. But some objects are located on different places.
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Some more interrelations between the Project Explorer and the Plant Explorer are
explained here.
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4.6.1 Synchronization
Control Builder M is continuously synchronized with the Aspect Directory on System
800xA.
This synchronization mechanism works in both ways i.e. if you do something in
Control Builder it is mirrored to the Aspect Directory and vice versa.
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800xA Minerals Training

Chapter 4 Project Framework