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Solution of Swing Equation by Point by Point Method PDF
Solution of Swing Equation by Point by Point Method PDF
Generator Capacity:
25 MVA
Frequency:
60Hz
Load:
20 MW
K.E. of Generator:
Direct Axis Reactance Xd':
0.3 pu
1.03 pu
Soln:
System Reactance:
i) Pre fault Xt1:
ii) During fault Xt2:
iii) Post fault Xt3:
Max Power Transfer
i) Pre fault Pmxi:
ii) During fault Pmxii:
iii) Post fault Pmxiii:
0.4 pu
1.1 pu
0.5 pu
2.575 pu
0.936 pu
2.06 pu
Inertia Constant
M=GH/180f
2.56*10
Initial Condition
Power Output from generator:
o :
0.8 pu
18.1 degree
-4
0.316 radians
0.29 pu
200
150
100
Point by Point
Runge Kutta 2nd Order 0.4s
50
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.65
-50
-100
(t) *Pa/M
9.765*Pa
n=n-1+(t)2*Pa/M
n (Degree)
n (Radians)
18.1000
0.3159
0.5092
18.1000
0.2546
2.4862
2.4862
t
0-
Pi
Pmx
Sin
0.8
2.575
0.3107
0.8000
0+
0.8
0.936
0.3107
0.2908
0avg
0.05
0.8
0.936
0.3516
0.3291
0.4709
4.5983
7.0845
0.1
0.8
0.936
0.4644
0.4347
0.3653
3.5676
10.6521
0.15
0.8
0.936
0.6201
0.5804
0.2196
2.1445
12.7966
0.2
0.8
0.936
0.7784
0.7286
0.0714
0.6970
13.4936
0.25
0.8
0.936
0.9034
0.8456
-0.0456
-0.4453
13.0483
0.3
0.8
0.936
0.9769
0.9144
-0.1144
-1.1168
11.9315
0.35
0.8
0.936
1.0000
0.9360
-0.1360
-1.3278
10.6037
0.4-
0.8
0.936
0.9842
0.9212
0.4+
0.8
2.06
0.9842
2.0275
0.4avg
1.4744
-0.6744
20.5862
0.3593
27.6708
0.4829
38.3229
0.6688
51.1195
0.8922
64.6131
1.1277
77.6614
1.3554
89.5929
1.5636
100.1966
1.7487
104.2151
1.8188
96.5455
1.6850
76.7030
1.3387
45.0961
0.7871
-6.5851
4.0186
0.45
0.8
2.06
0.9694
1.9970
-1.1970
-11.6882
-7.6696
0.5
0.8
2.06
0.9935
2.0466
-1.2466
-12.1729
-19.8425
0.65
0.8
2.06
0.9732
2.0048
-1.2048
-11.7644
-31.6069
0.7
0.8
2.06
0.7083
1.4590
-0.6590
-6.4356
-38.0425
7.0535
18.1 degree
0.315895 radians
Defining functions
f1(,)= d/dt =
2
f/H= 68.29348
k1=i
h1
i+k1
i+h1
k2=i*t
h2
i+1(Radians)
i+1
i+1(Degree)
0.05
0.0000
1.7388
0.3159
1.7388
0.0869
1.7388
0.0435
1.7388
0.3594
1.7388
20.5907
0.10
0.0869
1.6077
0.4463
3.3465
0.1673
1.3522
0.1271
1.4799
0.4865
3.2187
27.8751
2
3
4
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.1609
0.2120
0.2363
1.2374
0.7261
0.2113
0.6474
0.8903
1.1448
4.4562
4.9656
4.9376
0.2228
0.2483
0.2469
0.8040
0.2474
-0.1788
0.1919
0.2301
0.2416
1.0207
0.4867
0.0163
0.6784
0.9085
1.1501
4.2395
4.7262
4.7425
38.8690
52.0546
65.8973
0.30
0.2371
-0.1857
1.3872
4.5568
0.2278
-0.4107
0.2325
-0.2982
1.3826
4.4443
79.2180
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.2222
0.2005
-0.0102
-0.2231
-0.4339
-0.5906
-0.5890
-0.3780
-0.0322
0.3334
-0.4079
-4.3005
-4.2546
-4.3025
-3.9217
-1.8442
2.2286
5.8656
7.2264
6.3765
1.6048
1.7950
1.6773
1.3478
0.8063
0.1177
-0.5175
-0.8398
-0.7253
-0.2113
4.0364
-0.2914
-4.4590
-8.7655
-12.6000
-13.6560
-9.5524
-1.6954
6.5826
13.0450
0.2018
-0.0146
-0.2229
-0.4383
-0.6300
-0.6828
-0.4776
-0.0848
0.3291
0.6523
-0.4625
-4.1264
-4.2626
-4.1283
-2.3452
1.9058
6.2114
7.9688
7.3982
4.2068
0.2120
0.0929
-0.1166
-0.3307
-0.5320
-0.6367
-0.5333
-0.2314
0.1485
0.4928
-0.4352
-4.2134
-4.2586
-4.2154
-3.1334
0.0308
4.2200
6.9172
7.3123
5.2917
1.5946
1.6875
1.5709
1.2402
0.7083
0.0716
-0.4618
-0.6932
-0.5447
-0.0518
4.0091
-0.2044
-4.4630
-8.6784
-11.8118
-11.7810
-7.5610
-0.6438
6.6685
11.9602
91.3661
96.6913
90.0114
71.0625
40.5826
4.1016
-26.4571
-39.7163
-31.2093
-2.9708
k1=i
h1
i+k1
i+h1
k2=i*t
h2
i+1(Radians)
i+1
i+1(Degree)
0.0000
0.0869
0.1609
0.2120
0.2363
0.2371
0.2222
0.2005
0.1793
0.1639
-0.0130
-0.1939
-0.3964
-0.6012
-0.7111
-0.6000
1.7388
1.6077
1.2374
0.7261
0.2113
-0.1857
-0.4079
-0.4635
-0.3924
-3.7952
-3.5988
-3.8804
-4.2910
-3.6132
-0.2190
4.7007
0.3159
0.4463
0.6474
0.8903
1.1448
1.3872
1.6048
1.7950
1.9627
2.1168
2.0089
1.7251
1.2317
0.5232
-0.2782
-0.8837
1.7388
3.3465
4.4562
4.9656
4.9376
4.5568
4.0364
3.5456
3.1927
-0.5173
-3.8583
-7.7584
-12.2186
-15.6373
-14.4412
-7.2991
0.0869
0.1673
0.2228
0.2483
0.2469
0.2278
0.2018
0.1773
0.1596
-0.0259
-0.1929
-0.3879
-0.6109
-0.7819
-0.7221
-0.3650
1.7388
1.3522
0.8040
0.2474
-0.1788
-0.4107
-0.4625
-0.3844
-0.2221
-3.2798
-3.6380
-4.2189
-3.9019
-0.7830
4.6637
8.1698
0.0435
0.1271
0.1919
0.2301
0.2416
0.2325
0.2120
0.1889
0.1694
0.0690
-0.1029
-0.2909
-0.5037
-0.6915
-0.7166
-0.4825
1.7388
1.4799
1.0207
0.4867
0.0163
-0.2982
-0.4352
-0.4239
-0.3072
-3.5375
-3.6184
-4.0497
-4.0964
-2.1981
2.2224
6.4353
0.3594
0.4865
0.6784
0.9085
1.1501
1.3826
1.5946
1.7835
1.9529
2.0219
1.9190
1.6281
1.1244
0.4329
-0.2837
-0.7662
1.7388
3.2187
4.2395
4.7262
4.7425
4.4443
4.0091
3.5851
3.2779
-0.2596
-3.8780
-7.9276
-12.0240
-14.2222
-11.9998
-5.5645
20.5907
27.8751
38.8690
52.0546
65.8973
79.2180
91.3661
102.1876
111.8965
115.8509
109.9523
93.2840
64.4259
24.8028
-16.2556
-43.9000
k1=i
h1
i+k1
i+h1
k2=i*t
h2
i+1(Radians)
i+1
i+1(Degree)
0.0000
0.0869
0.1609
0.2120
0.2363
0.2371
0.2222
0.2005
0.1793
0.1639
0.1581
1.7388
1.6077
1.2374
0.7261
0.2113
-0.1857
-0.4079
-0.4635
-0.3924
-0.2339
-0.0094
0.3159
0.4463
0.6474
0.8903
1.1448
1.3872
1.6048
1.7950
1.9627
2.1168
2.2690
1.7388
3.3465
4.4562
4.9656
4.9376
4.5568
4.0364
3.5456
3.1927
3.0440
3.1518
0.0869
0.1673
0.2228
0.2483
0.2469
0.2278
0.2018
0.1773
0.1596
0.1522
0.1576
1.7388
1.3522
0.8040
0.2474
-0.1788
-0.4107
-0.4625
-0.3844
-0.2221
0.0003
0.2835
0.0435
0.1271
0.1919
0.2301
0.2416
0.2325
0.2120
0.1889
0.1694
0.1580
0.1578
1.7388
1.4799
1.0207
0.4867
0.0163
-0.2982
-0.4352
-0.4239
-0.3072
-0.1168
0.1371
0.3594
0.4865
0.6784
0.9085
1.1501
1.3826
1.5946
1.7835
1.9529
2.1110
2.2688
1.7388
3.2187
4.2395
4.7262
4.7425
4.4443
4.0091
3.5851
3.2779
3.1611
3.2982
20.5907
27.8751
38.8690
52.0546
65.8973
79.2180
91.3661
102.1876
111.8965
120.9522
129.9950