ABSTRACT

This report will discuss about a disease that has been spreading everywhere
around the world which is measles. We are writing this report because of all the
reports and newss that has been going around online or either offline. Measles is a
highly contagious infection caused by the measles virus. Complications with measles
are relatively common, ranging from mild complications such as diarrhea to serious
complications such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and corneal ulceration. Complications
are usually more sever in adults who catch the virus. The death rate in the 1920s was
around 30% for measles pneumonia. So many people have high risk for
complications, and they are infants and children aged <5 years, adults aged >20 years,
pregnant woman, and people with compromised immune systems. Between 1987 and
2000, the case fatality rate across the United States was thee measles-attributable
deaths per 1000 cases. This is why we have written this report, to actually warn
people and raise awareness about this disease and this will basically give people more
information about the disease through a PSA video and a brochure so that the
community can be more careful.

BACKGROUND
Measles, can also be called rubella, is a highly contagious respiratory infection
that is caused by a virus. It causes a total-body skin rash and flu-like symptoms,
including fever, cough, and runny nose, Though rare in United Staes, 20 million cases
happen worldwide every year.
In the 9th century, a Persian doctor published one of the first written accounts
of measles disease. Francis Home, a Scottish physician, demonstrated in 1757 that
measles is caused by an infectious agent in the blood of patients. In 1912, measles
became a nationally notifiable disease in the United States, requiring U.S. healthcare
providers and laboratories to report all diagnosed cases. In the first decade of
reporting, an average of 6,000 measles-related deaths were reported each year. In the
decade before 1963 when a vaccine became available, nearly all children got measles
by the time they were 15 years of age. It is estimated 3 to 4 million people in the
United States were infected each year. Also each year an estimated 400 to 500 people
died, 48,000 were hospitalized, and 4,000 suffered encephalitis (swelling of the brain)
from measles.
Measles remains a common disease in many parts of the world, including
Europe, the Middle East, Asia, the Pacific, and Africa. In the United States, most
measles cases result from international travel. The disease is brought into the United
States by people who get infected in other countries. Measles outbreaks can result
when returning travelers spread the disease to people who have not been vaccinated or
have not had measles as a child. Anyone who is not protected against measles is at
risk of getting infected when he or she travels internationally.

Here are some facts about measles; Measles is one of the leading causes of
death among young children even though a safe and cost-effective vaccine is
available. Because measles spread quick, and thats why its a leading cause of death
among young children. Measles vaccination resulted in a 79% drop in measles deaths
between 2000 and 2015 worldwide. During 2000-2015, measles vaccination
prevented an estimated 20.3 million deaths making measles vaccine one of the best
buys in public health. In 2015, there were 134.200 measles death globally about 367
deaths every day or 15 deaths every hour, and about 85% of the worlds received one
dose of measles vaccine by their first birthday through routine health services, up
from 73% in 2000.

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< This is the data of reported measles cases with onset date from April 2014 to
September 2014. The countries that are colored white basically dont have any datas
of reported measles cases, there are 58 countries or 30% that are colored white. Next
there are 30 or 15% of countries that reported 10-99 measles cases. Then there are
countries that are colored in red which means that 100-999 measles cases have been
reported from 37 countries or 19%. The dark red colored countries showed 1000 cases
reported. There are 11 countries or 6% that are included as dark reds. The countries

with grey colors, there were no data reported to World Health Organization HQ, and
there were 22 countries or 11%. Lastly, the dark greys, they are not applicable.
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The data above shows measles outbreak in the United States in 2015. United
states is one of the countries that has been reported with lots of measles cases. The
cities that are colored pink have been reported 1-2 measles cases. There are 12 cities
that are colored pink, there are 9 cities that only has one measles cases reported, and
the other 3 cities has 2 measles cases reported. The cities that are colored soft red,
theyve been reported 3-5 measles cases. There are 2 cities that are colored the soft
reds, each cities have been reported 3 measles cases so far. The countries that are
colored bright red means that they have been reported 6-10 measles cases,
unfortunately, there is one city that is colored bright red, and that one city have been
reported 7 measles cases. Lastly, there is only one city that is colored dark red, that
color shows more than 10 measles cases that has been reported. Unfortunately, too
bad there are 99 cases that is reported from that one city. So that city is definitely the
most dangerous out of all of them because they have the most number of measles
cases reported. Luckily, the rest of the countries that are colored in grey has no cases
reported.

The data above shows the current situation of the world, number of reported
measles cases with onset data from April 2016 to September 2016. The countries that
are colored white means that there were no reported measles cases at all. There are 72
countries or 37% that are colored white. The next one that are colored pink but has
square patterns, means that there are 1-9 measles cases reported, and that came from
26 countries or 13%. Then the countries that are colored pink, there were 10-99
measles cases reported from 43 countries or 22%. The countries that are colored red
means that there were 100-999 measles cases reported from 31 countries or 16%. By
far the worst and the most measles cases reported came from 5 countries or 3% that
are colored dark red which means that there are 1000 more cases reported. The
countries with grey means no data reported to World Health Organization HQ, and
there are 17 countries or 9% that has no data reported. Lastly, the countries that are
colored dark grey are countries that are not applicable.
Besides the United States, there were measles cases as well in Indonesia. In
the year of 2013, the current situation is that, as of November 11, 2013, the World
Health Organization has reported more than 6,300 confirmed measles cases in
Indonesia during 2013. In August 2013, a United States traveler returned from

Indonesia with measles and spread the disease in a Texas community. In October, five
Australians were diagnosed with measles after returning from Bali. So as you see,
measles disease have been spreading globally.

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs286/en/
http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/history.html
http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/measles.html
http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vp
d/surveillance_type/active/measles_monthlydata/en/