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BEARINGS
BEARINGS
College of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department
COMPLETION IN
MACHINE DESIGN 2
Submitted by:
Sarmiento, Nico Angelo E.
Submitted to:
Engr. Francisco Dime
Date:
December 10, 2016
BEARINGS
CLASSIFICATIONS
1. SLIDING-ELEMENT BEARING examples are oil-lubricated journal and
reciprocating engine cylinders, since the motion within the lubricant and between
the mating surface is essentially a sliding or shearing action.
2. ROLLING ELEMENT BEARING examples are ball, roller and needle bearings,
since the bearing elements essentially are in rolling contact
PURPOSE OF LUBRICATION:
a.) reduce friction
b.) reduce mechanical wear
c.) clean
FACTORS OF LUBRICANT:
a.) speed
b.) pressure
c.) temperature
THICK- FILM LUBRICANT if the film of lubricant between sliding surfaces is thick
enough that there is no METAL-TO-METAL contact.
One of the aims in BEARING DESIGN is to provide a film thickness whose
minimum value ho is SAFE.
Shearing stress;
or =
Where:
F = frictional force to shear the fluid
A = fluid area being sheared
= absolute viscosity
viscosity the property of fluids that causes then not to flow easily because of friction
of their molecules
= velocity gradient
v = velocity
H = thickness of lubricant
PETROFFS EQUATION
If a journal is running in a film lubricated bearing without load W (or
practically, with a light load and at moderate speed), the journal runs CONCENTRIC with
the bearing, and the velocity gradient = is constant.
Frictional torque; =
but = () from
= ( )
= ; = 2
therefore =
; also = 2 and = 2 =
hence = = ( ) =
therefore =
(2)(2)
42 3
4 2 3
= = ( ) =
=
2
where:
F = force to twist/turn the journal
r = radius of shaft/torque
= proportionality constant called absolute viscosity or just viscosity of the fluid
v = velocity or speed
h = = average film thickness
A = area being sheared at the journal
D = diameter of the shaft = 2r
= 2
L = bearing length (axially); m
= rps of the journal
=
63000
where:
T = turning movement; in lb
n = RPM
also, = ; ft-lb/min
hence; =
33000
where:
fhp = frictional hp
Uf = frictional w/L
Vm = fpm
Conditions for:
1. Shaft is rotating
2. Concentric
3. Thin film lubricant = FULL BEARING
= =
2
where:
e = eccentricity of the journal
= distance between the centers of the journal and the bearing
Cr = radial clearance; in
ho = hmin = minimum film thickness
Cd = diametral clearance = differ of the D of the bearing and the journal
2
=
=
=1
=1
2
( eqn. 11.2, p. 304, Faires)
where:
e = eccentricity ratio
= [
2
]
= = = [
2
]
()2 =
= 0.0011;
a.) Select an oil that will closely accord with the stated conditions. For the selected
oil, determine:
b.) the frictional loss (ft-lb/min)
c.) the hydrodynamic oil flow thru the bearing
d.) the temp. rise as the oil passes thru the bearing
e.) the maximum pressure
f.) the amount of end leakage
SOLUTION
a.) =
2000
(4 .)(4.)
= 125
0.00088 .
0.0022 .
But = ( )2
=
2
)
= ( )2
therefore
(0.121)(125)(0.11)2 (60
320
= 3.44 106
Use SAE 30 oil and SAE 20W but since it is nearer = 3.66 106 150
to SAE 30, use SAE 30 oil
= 0.1375
(0.0011)2
125
60
/
.2
b.) =
Therefore = 3.6
or =
= 3.6(0.0011) = 0.00396 OR
=
3.66 (0.0022)
= 0.00396
2
= = (0.00396)(2000# ) = 7.92#
= 4.33(table AT 20)
Therefore = 4.3
= 4.3(2 . )(0.0022. ) (320
= 0.404 .
d.)
) (4. )
60
.
e.)
.3
.
Therefore =
14.2
14.2 (125)
(0.03
)(0.3734
)
.3
= 15. 8
112
2660(12)
60 /
=
= 532
532 .
.3
112(0.404
)
= 112
= 11.75
f.)
Therefore =
0.415
125
0.415
= 301
of the SAE 40 oil is maintained at 140 deg F. Considering the bearing lightly loaded
(Petroff), Compute the ff.
a.) torque
b.) fhp
c.) and the coefficient of friction
d.) the same as a.) , b.) , c.) except that the oil is SAE 10W
a.) = =
42 3
= 8.4 . .
b.) =
63000
c.) =
but =
(8.4)(400)
= 0.0533
63000
8.4
= 1.5 = 5.6
=
5.6
= 0.0062
900
b.) =
(2.57)(400)
63000
= 2.57 . .
= 0.0163
c.) =
2.57
1.5
= 1.71
=
1.71
=
= 0.0019
900
The area in contact in fig. a.) is >, and the peak stress <, the corresponding area
and the stress in fig. b.). Because the area in fig. c.) is greater, the stress is lower than that
of either of the other two. Partly for this reason, the RACES of ball bearings are curved to
wrap about the balls.
1
1
2
1
2 1
( ) = =
= ( )
2
1
2
1
2
10
3
= OR = 0.56 +
[ for
[ for
> ]
> )
to 1.5
Reciprocating machines = 1.3 to 1.9
Machines w/ pronounced impact, hammer mills, etc. = 1.6 to 4
Where:
1
3
106 = 1
a.) 10 = () (60
) () (106
= (15000)(60)(1500)(106 ) = 1350 ( )
= 1; assume = 1.8 (from eqn. f, p.339, Faires)
= 0.56 + OR = (
) [
> ]
= ( 10 )
1
3
= (1350)
1
3 (2640)
1000
=
= 0.0313
32000
= 1.99 0.28
0.0033
= 1.957
0.028
10 = ( )3 = (
1460000000
Life in hours =
(1500)(60)
1
3 (2797)
31800 3
)
2797
= 16200.
31800
= 31000 .
= 1460
1
3 3
1 1.34
1
3
=(
) =(
)
=
; = 0.905
0.1053
2
1.075
1.1017 3
600
9250
600
1(1200)
= 0.5 > (Cr = rotation factor= for inner rotating p.339, Faires)
= 1.71 0.444 (
0.071
) = 1.685
0.504
500
=
= 0.0541
9250
= 1.99 0.28 (
0.0261
) = 1.73
0.028
400
=
= 0.432
9250
= 1.84
Hence 3 = 0.56(1)(800) + (1.84)(400) = 1184# = 1.184
b.) 10 = (
OR 10 =
) =(
507000000
770(60)
11400 3
)
1430
= 507
= 10980 .