Sustainable and renewable energy Engineering Department

Fluid Mechanics, 0406201

Fluid Lab
Experiment # 2
Open Channel flow

Student Name
Yahya.A.Sheikh

UoS ID
U00038830

Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.

To build a system that has small heat and energy losses.

Comparison between theoretical and experimental results.
To study the force and energy conditions in a hydraulic jump
To see how the energy of the fluid decreases from the upstream to
downstream reaches of the jump.

Apparatus
Head tank- Sluice -gate Pump -Sump tank Tank

Procedure
1. We started the pump and turned the flow control valve open.
2. We allowed the flow to become established and a jet to be developed under the
sluice gate (the water level in the reservoir behind the gate should be steady at this
point).
3. We placed the weir at the downstream end and adjust the weir carefully to create
a hydraulic jump which is fixed at about the midsection of the flume.
4. We measured water depths before and after the jump using a point gage.
5. We recorded the discharge Q (l/sec) from the flow meter reading.

of aMarch
2015
6. Then repeatedDue
steps Date:
2 through315 for
total of
four different values of Q. The value
of Q can be changed by adjusting the flow control valve. The downstream weir is
Date
Submission:
used to position the
jumpof
in the
midsection of the flume.
st

7. Carried out the calculations needed to determine the heat loss.

Results &Calculations
Equations used
v0 =

Q
A

0h
(
0)
h1
v 1=

Instructor:
Fluid mechanics
lab Dr.

Hassan Abdul1 Mouti

0h
(
0)
h2
v 2=

v 21

h1 g

Fr

Calculations:
A(area)= 0.098 * 0.055= 5.38 x 10-3 m

v0 =

2.9104
5.38103

v 1=

0.0547.6103
0.8103

= 0.054 m/s

= 0.516 m2/s

0.0547.610
v 2=
3
2.2510

= 0.183 m2/s

Fr
Q1

1L
3.4

Q2

0.960 L
3.47

Q3

0.890 L
4.57

h0

7.6 cm

10.6 cm

4.7 cm

h1

0.8 cm

0.6 cm

0.5 cm

h2

2.25 cm

1.6 cm

2.0 cm

40 cm

69 cm

17 cm

0.5162
0.89.81

= 1.842

Results
Trial

2.9 x 10-4 m2/s

2.77 x 10-4 m2/s

1.947 x 10-4 m2/s

h0

7.6 cm

10.6 cm

4.4 cm

Fluid mechanics lab

h1

0.8 cm

0.6 cm

0.5 cm

h2

2.25 cm

1.6 cm

2 cm

40 cm

69 cm

17 cm

v0

0.054 m2/s

0.0519 m2/s

0.0361 m2/s

v1

0.516 m2/s

0.908 m2/s

0.339 m2/s

v2

0.183 m2/s

0.341 m2/s

0.085 m2/s

Fr

1.842

3.742

1.530

Trial 1:

From Bernoulli Equation

1=

v 22
+ g h 2+ hloss
2
v21
+ g h
2

hloss =

hloss =

v1
v
+g h1 2 g h2
2
2

( 0.516 )2
0. 1832
+ ( 9.810.00 8 )
( 9.810.02 25 )=0.0 2586 j/kg
2
2

Belanger Equation
h2 1+8 Fr 21
=
=2.15 Rate of energy loss:
h1
2
dW
=QE = 10002.91040.0 2586=7.4994103 J /s
dt

Trial 2:

From Bernoulli Equation

v 22
1= + g h 2+ hloss
2
v21
+ g h
2
hloss =

v
v
hloss = 1 +g h1 2 g h2
2
2

( 0.908 )2
0. 3412
+ ( 9.810.00 6 )
( 9.810.016 ) =0. 2559 j/kg
2
2

Belanger Equation
Fluid mechanics lab

h2 1+8 Fr 21
=
=4.815 Rate of energy loss:
h1
2
dW
=QE = 10002.771040.2559=70.88103 J / s \
dt

Conclusion
We can conclude that the obtained calculated value of the critical depth is almost
equal to the theoretical value. The sluice gate was a bit hard to handle since it was
very tight and stuck which made it difficult to control the channel. In addition, we
also noticed that energy losses in jump decrease as the difference in depths of fast
flow and slow flow decreases, as the length over which the jump occurs also
decrease

Fluid mechanics lab