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THE RHETORICAL TRIANGLE

ETHOS
establishing your credibility

demonstrating knowledge
establishing common ground
demonstrating fairness
ethical fallacies: ad hominem,
guilt by association

PATHOS
appealing to emotion

LOGOS
appealing to logic

using description and concrete


language
using figurative language
(metaphors, similes, analogies)
shaping your appeal to your
audience
emotional fallacies: bandwagon
appeal, flattery, in-crowd
appeal, veiled threats, false
analogies, weasel words
still confused?
refer to NSMH (chapter 5) or EA (chapters 4-7) for
more detailed discussion of these points

providing examples and


precedents
citing authority and testimony
establishing causes and effects
using inductive and deductive
reasoning
logical fallacies: begging the
question, post hoc fallacy, non
sequitur, either-or, hasty
generalization, oversimplification

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