2016 01 21

Lorraine Daston, Objectivity and the Escape from Perspective, the Science Studies Reader (New York:
Routledge, 1999), pp. 110-123

,
,
, .
, , ,
(aperspectival objectivity)1 ,
2 ,
,
, ,
.
, ,
, ,
, .
, 3
, (ontological
objectivity)3,
(mechanical objectivity)4,
.
objective Kant5 , ,
(communicability) .
,
6 , 7 ,
objective . Smith8
,
.
, 19

. Peirce9 Frege10
, , ,
1 Lorraine Daston, Objectivity and the Escape from Perspective, the Science Studies Reader (New York, NY: Routledge,
1999), p.111

2 Charles C. Gillespie, The Edge of Objectivity: An Essay in the History of Scientific Ideas (Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press, 1960)

3 R. W. Newell, Objectivity, Empiricism and Truth (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1986)
4 Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison, The Image of Objectivity, Representations 40 (Fall 1992), pp.81-128
5 Immanuel Kant, Kritik der reinen Vernunft (1781, 1787), A201-02/B246-47
6 David Hume, Of Standards of Taste, Philosophical Works, 4 Vols. (Edinburgh, 1826), Vol. 3, p.271
7 Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759), eds D. D. Raphael and A. L. Macfie (Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1976), p.135

8 ibid., pp.124-125

 11.
.
,
,
, ,
12. Lancet
13 14 .
,
.
,
,
,
,
, . ,
,
,
. / (
) ,
/ , Ernst Renan15 Claude
Bernard16 ,
.
, 17,
, , . , stern
voice of moral duty18
, . ,
19
, ,
9 Charles Sanders Peirce, A Critical Review of Berkeleys Idealism (1871), in Philip Wiener (ed.), Values in a Universe of
Chance: Selected Writings of C. S. Peirce (1839-1914) (New York: Dover, 1958), pp.81-83

10 G. Frege, Thoughts, in Peter Geach (ed.), Logical Investigations (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1977), pp.89

11 Theodore M. Porter, Quantification and the Accounting Ideal in Science, Social Studies of Science, Vol. 22 (1992),
633-52; Porter, Objectivity as Standardization: The Rhetoric of Impersonality in Measurement, Statistics, and Cost-Benefit
Analysis, Annals of Scholarship 9 (1992), pp.19-59

12 Charles Babbage, Reflections on the Decline of Science in England and on Some of its Causes (1830), in Martin
Campbell-Kelly (ed.), the Works of Charles Babbage (London: William Pickering, 1989), Vol. 7, p.86

13 John S, Billing, Our Medical Literature, The Lancet (1881), Vol.2, pp.205-70
14 E. J. Marey, Physiologie mdicale de la circulation du sang (1863)
15 Ernst Renan, LAvenir de la Science (Paris, 1890), p.91
16 Claude Bernard, An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine (1865), trans. H. C. Greene (New York: Dover,
1957), p.38

17 Daston, op. cit., p.110

18 Daston, op. cit., p.121

19 Susan Bordo, The Flight to Objectivity: Essays on Cartesianism and Culture (Albany, NY: State University of New York
Press, 1987); Evelyn Fox Keller, Reflections on Gender and Science (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1985)