HNG DN S DNG MY HIN SNG (OSCILLOSCOPE)

My hin sng (Oscilloscope) l mt dng c o trc quan tr lc hu ch cho anh em

sa cha nghin cu in t, in thoi, my hin sng c kh nng hin th cc dng tn hiu,
xung ln mn hnh mt cch trc quan m ng h khng th hin th c, hn na c
nhng khu vc tn hiu ch th hin di dng xung, ng h o volt khng th pht hin
c c tn ti hay khng m ch c my hin sng mi th hin c, thc t c rt
nhiu loi my hin sng:
- My hin sng dng n hnh (CRT: Cathode Ray Tube) loi ny n hnh dng
si t c tim, in p t khong 6V, loi ny c cu trc knh cng, thng l cc i my
c, tn s o t vi trm KHz n vi trm MHz.
- My hin sng dng tinh th lng (LCD: Liquid Crystal Display), my c cu
trc gn nh, hin i, c kh nng giao tip my tnh v in ra dng sng, tn s o khong
vi chc MHz n vi trm MHz. Hin nay ph bin loi LCD, tuy nhin gi thnh ca my
cn kh cao.
I. CNG DNG CC NT CHNH TRN MY HIN SNG
1. POWER: Tt m ngun cung cp cho Oscillocope (P.ON/P.OFF).
2. INTENSITY: iu chnh sng tia qut.
3. TRACE ROTATION: Chnh vt sng v v tr nm ngang (khi vt sng b nghing).
4. FOCUS: iu chnh nt ca tia sng.
5. COMP. TEST (Component Test): Dng kim tra linh kin (t, in tr).
6. COMP TEST JACK: Dng ni mass khi th.
7. GND: Mass ca my ni vi sn my/linh kin.
8. CAL (2VPP): Cung cp dng sng vung chun 2Vpp, tn s 1KHz dng kim tra
chnh xc v bin cng nh tn s ca my hin sng trc khi s dng, ngoi ra
1

cn dng kim tra li s mo do u que o (probe) gy ra. Ty theo loi my m tn

s v bin sng vung chun a ra c th khc nhau.
9. BEAM FIND: n nt ny, vt sng s xut hin tm mn hnh khng b nh hng
ca cc nm khc, mc ch dng nh v tia sng.
y, chng ti hng dn s dng loi my hin sng hai tia.
* IU CHNH KNH A (CHANNEL A)
10. POSITION: Dng iu chnh v tr tia sng ca knh A theo chiu dc.
11. 1M, 25PF (jack): Jack ny dng cp tn hiu cho channel (A). N cng l ng vo
hng ngang trong ch hot ng X-Y.
12. VOLTS/DIV = Volt/divider = in p/1 chia.
Chnh tng nc thay i cao ca tn hiu vo thch hp cho vic c gi tr volt
nh nh (Vpp Peak to Peak Voltage) trn mn hnh. Gi tr c trn mt thang o l
Vpp/ chia.
Th d: Volt/div = 2V cao 1 tng ng vi 2Vpp ca tn hiu.
13. VAR PULL X5 MAG: (ng trc vi Volt/div) chnh lin tc thay i cao ca
dng tn hiu trong gii hn 1/3 tr s t bi nm Volt/div. Khi vn ti a theo chiu
kim ng h. cao dng sng s t tr s c t bi Volt/div.
Nu ko nm VAR th chiu cao dng tn hiu s ln gp 5 ln gi tr c, lc ny tr s
thc l tr s hin th chia 5.
14. AC-DC-GND: Chn ch quan st tn hiu.
+ AC: Quan st dng sng m khng cn quan tm thnh phn DC.
+ DC: Dng o mc DC ca tn hiu. Bt v v tr ny, dng sng khng xut
hin, ch xut hin ng sng nm ngang ca thnh phn DC.
+ GND: Ng vo tn hiu ni mass khng hin th c dng tn hiu trn mn
hnh.
* IU CHNH KNH CH-B (CHANNEL B)
i vi cc nm sau, cch iu chnh tng t knh A:
15. POSITION
16. 1MHz 25PF
17. Volt/ Div
18. VAR Pull x5 mag
19. AC-GND-DC
* CC NM IU CHNH CHUNG CHO C HAI KNH
20. VERT MODE: Kha in ny c 4 v tr
+ CHA: Ch hin th knh A.
+ CHB: Ch hin th knh B.
+ DUAL: Hin th cho c A v B.
+ ADD: Cng hai dng sng knh A v knh B li vi nhau (v bin ) cho ra
dng sng tng.
21. TRIGGER LEVEL: Cho php hin th mt chia tn hiu ng b vi im bt u
ca dng sng (chnh sai, hnh b tri ngang).
22. COUPLING: t ch kch khi trong cc trng hp sau:

+ Auto: Mch qut ngang t ng qut, ch ny ch cho (php) kch khi cc tn

hiu ln hn 100Hz. i vi cc tn hiu nh hn 100Hz. i vi cc tn hiu nh
hn 100MHz hy t ch normal.
+ Normal: Ch kch khi bnh thng. ch ny khi mt tn hiu kch khi
mch qut ngang ngng hot ng tc mt vt sng trn mn hnh.
+ TV-V: Loi b thnh phn DC v xung ng b tn s cao ca tn hiu hn hp hnh
nh. Tn s kch khi nh hn 1KHz.
+ TV-H: Loi b thnh phn DC v xung ng b tn s thp ca tn hiu hn hp
hnh nh. Di tn hot ng t: 1KHz 100KHz.
23. SOURCE: Chn ngun tn hiu kch khi, nu chn sai, hnh s b tri.
+ CHA: Tn hiu knh A.
+ CHB: Tn hiu knh B.
+ LINE: Tn s in nh AC.
+ EXT: Tn hiu c cung cp t Jack EXT TRIGGER.
+ EXT EXTENAL: Bn ngoi.
24. HOLD OFF
S dng nt iu chnh ny trong trng hp dng sng c to thnh t cc tn hiu
lp i lp li v nm TRIGGER LEVEL khng t c dng sng n nh.
25. PULL CHOP: ch ny hai knh A, B c hin th lun phin xut hin vi tn
s kh cao lm cho ta cm thy dng sng l lin tc, ch ny thch hp vi vic
quan st hai tn hiu c tn s kh cao (> 1ms/div).
26. EXT TRIGGER: Jack ni vi ngun tn hiu bn ngoi dng to kch khi cho
mch qut ngang. s dng ng ny bn phi t nt SOURCE v v tr EXT.
27. POSITION: Chnh v tr ngang ca tia sng trn mn hnh, n cng chnh v tr X
(ngang) trong ch X-Y.
PULL X10 MAG: Khi ko ra b ngang ca tia sng c ni rng gp 10 ln.
28. TIME/DIV = Time/divider = thi gian qut / chia.
nh thi gian qut tia sng trn mt chia. Khi o tn hiu c tn s cng cao phi
t gi tr Time/div v gi tr cng nh.
Khi t gi tr Time/div v v tr cng nh b rng ca tn hiu cng rng ra do nu
t Time/div v v tr cng nh (vt qu gi tr cho php) th tn hiu hin th trn
mn hnh s bin thnh ln sng nm ngang (v vt qu b rng mn hnh).
29. VAR: Chnh b rng ca tn hiu hin th trn mn hnh.
Th d: Khi hin th xung vung c tn s 1KHz.
Chu k ca tn hiu l: T =

1 = 1 ms
f 1000

- Nu t Time/div = 0.5m/s
S theo chiu ngang ca 1T (chu k) l:
S =

T
= 1 =2
Time/div 0.5

- Nu t Time/div = 1ms
S theo chiu ngang ca 1 chu k l 1

- Nu t Time/div = 1s (qu nh)

Kt lun: Phi t gi tr Time/div v v tr thch hp.

II. MT S NG DNG CA MY HIN SNG
1. o in p nh nh (Peak to Peak Voltage)
- in p nh nh ca tn hiu (Vpp) l in p c tnh t nh di n nh trn
ca tn hiu.
Th d:

Th t tnh Vpp trn my hin sng:

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a. c gi tr Vol/div
b. c s theo chiu dc
c. Vpp = s theo chiu dc Vol/Div
Th d: a/ Tnh in p nh nh (Vpp) ca dng sng sau, gi s ta ang t v tr
Volt/div = 50mv.

Theo hng dn trn ta d dng tnh c:

Vpp = 3 x 50mv = 150mV
Th d: b/ Tnh Vpp ca dng sng sau, bit v tr Volt/div ca my hin sng ang c
t v tr: 0.5V.

Theo hng dn trn ta d dng tnh c:

Vpp = 4 x 0.5V = 2V
2. Tnh chu k (T) v tn s (f) ca tn hiu
Th t tnh chu k, tn s ca tn hiu
Bc 1. c s Time/div.
Bc 2. m s theo chiu ngang 1 chu k.
Bc 3. Chu k ca tn hiu: T = s /1T Time/div.
T = s f = Hz
Bc 4. Tn s ca tn hiu f = 1 nu
T = ms f = KHz
T
T = s f = Hz
Th d: Khi o trn my hin sng, tn hiu c dng sng nh hnh di y, v tr
Time/div ang bt l 5ms, tnh chu k, tn s ca tn hiu.

Bit Time/div = 5ms

T = 4 5 = 20ms
f = 1 = 1 KHz = 50Hz
T 20
Nu s ca mt chu k l s l, s /1 chu k c m s khng chnh xc, do ta phi
m chu k tng ng vi s chn, sau ly s chu k chia cho s bit c s
trong mt chu k.
Th d:

- Bit Time/div = 2s
Ta c 5 2 chu k
Do :
- S /T = 5/2
- Chu k T = 5 2s = 5s (s /1T time/div)
2
- Tn s ca tn hiu s l: f = 1 = 1 MHz = 200KHz
T
5
Bi tp: Tnh chu k, tn s cc tn hiu sau:
a/

Bit Time/div = 0.5ms

b/

Bit Time/div = 50s

3. Tnh in p DC ca tn hiu:
Th t thc hin tnh in p DC ca tn hiu
Chnh tia sng nm tm mn hnh.
- Khi o in p DC tia sng b dch chuyn theo chiu dc.
- in p DC: VDC = s dch chuyn volt/div.
Th d:

Bit Vol/div = 5V/ VDC = 2 5 = 10 V

in p DC ca tn hiu l 10VDC
4. o lch pha gia hai tn hiu:
- Bt my v ch hin th 2 knh.
- lch pha ca tn hiu:
+ Tnh s trn mt chu k (n)
+ Tnh s lch nhau gia 2 chu k (m)
+ lch pha: 3600 m
Th d:

Time/div = 0.5ms, m = 1, n = 4
0
lch pha: 360 1 = 900
4

III. PHNG PHP CHUN LI MY HIN SNG

* Thc t my hin sng thng chnh sai, kt qu o b sai.
Trc khi s dng ta phi chun li my kt qu c c t tin cy cn thit.
* Phng php: Dng ng ra chun (cal). V d trn my Pintek l 2Vpp-1KHz.
- Chnh cao: Bt volt/div = 0.5V, vn nm Pull x 5Mag (ng trc vi nm
volt/div) sao cho b cao ca tn hiu l 4 (do Vpp = 2V s theo chiu cao =
2Vpp = 4?
0.5
- Chnh rng:
Bt Time/div = 0.5ms
Xoay nm var sao cho b rng ca mt chu k tn hiu l 2 .
2 = 4)
0.5
Kinh nghim: Vi mt my hin sng tt, nt VAR v PULL x 5Mag thng c chnh
theo chiu kim ng h v v tr ti a l c th s dng chnh xc.
(S ca mt chu k =

CNG TY TNHH IN T - TIN HC GIGA

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