M e n ta l Health R esea rch using

E MP owerp l us

Condition

Study#

ADHD...............................................5,6,8,9,10,12,17,20,22
Aggression.....................................................................22
Anxiety......................................................3,12,13,14,18,25
Autism...........................................................................23
Bipolar Disorder..............2,11,15,16,21,22,24,26,29,30,31
Depression................................................10,12,27
Explosive Rage......................................................1,28
General Mental Health.............................................14
Mood Liability.....................................1,3,16,20,27,28
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder [OCD]........................13
Psychosis...........................................................13
Severe Mood Dysregulation............................1,3,16
Stress..................................................4,7,14,18
Tr a u m a t i c B r a i n I nj u r y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1 . B onnie J. Kaplan, C aroli ne L e a n e y , a n d E k a t e r in a T s a t s k o

Micronutrient Treatment of Emotional Dyscontrol Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Ann a ls of P sy c h iat r y an d Me n t al H e al t h

AB STR A CT
Introduction :

E m oti o n a l d y s c on t r o l f o l l o w in g t r a u ma t i c b r a i n i n ju r y ( T BI ) i m p a i r s so c i a l r el a t i o n sh i p s an d em p l o y a b i l i t y.
M ic ronutri e nts ( m i n e r a l s , v it a min s ) s t a b il iz e e mot io n al l a b i l i t y i n p sy c h i a t r i c p at i en t s, an d v a r i o u s i n d i v i d u a l n ut r i en ts ha ve be e n
us e d to tre at e x per ime n t a l b r a in in j u r y in l a b o r a t ory a n i m a l s i n t h e a c ut e p h a se. Ho w ev er , t h e c u r r en t c ase r ep o r t a ppe a rs to
b e th e fi rst docum e n t a t io n o f mic r o n u t r ie n t s r e s u l ti n g i n n o r m a l i za t i o n o f em o t i o n r eg ul at i o n i n a l o n g -st a n d i n g b r a i n i n ju r y i n a
human.

Case presentation:

A b r o a d - s p e c t r u m f o r mu l a of m i c r o n ut r i en t s w as ev a l ua t ed i n a 3 5 - y ear -o l d m a l e w h o h ad i n c u rre d a s e ve r e
T BI e i g h t ye ars pre v io u s l y . Re s o l u t ion of mos t p o s t - T BI sy m p t o m s w a s ac h i ev ed d ur i n g t h o se ei g h t y ear s, b u t n o t h i s e pi s odi c loss
of e moti onal contro l , w h ic h p s y c h ia t r is t s e v a l u a t e d a s b ei n g p er m an en t . T h e t r i a l o f m i c r o n u t r i en t s b eg an a ft er fi v e we e ks of
b ase li ne sym ptom mo n it or in g w it h a mood s t a b il it y sc a l e. By t h r ee m o n t h s m o o d st ab i l i t y h ad i m p r o v ed m a r ked l y ac c ordi n g t o
d ata subm i tte d by t wo r a t e r s (t h e p a t ie n t a n d h is c l i n i c i a n ) w h o w er e b l i n d t o eac h o t h er s ev al ua t i o n s. Dat a c o l l ec ti on c on t i n u e d
f or one ye ar, sh owin g s ign if ic a n t imp r ov e me n t (p < . 0 0 0 1 ) , at w h i c h t i m e t h e p a t i en t r ep o r t ed t h a t h i s em o t i o n a l c o n trol ha d
returne d to h i s pre- T B I l e v e l . T h e imp r ov e me n t s l e d t o h i s est ab l i sh i n g h i s o w n b usi n ess an d i m p r o v i n g h i s fam i l y r ela ti on s hi ps .

Conclusions:

Mi cronu t r ie n t t r e a t me n t r e s u l t e d in r e so l ut i o n o f t h i s p a t i en t s l o n g st an d i n g p o st - T BI em o t i o n al d y sc o n t r ol. Br oa dspe ctrum mi cronut r ie n t f o r mu l a s a r e s h o w in g b e n e fi t fo r t h e t r eat m en t o f m o o d l ab i l i t y i n v ar i o u s t y p es o f p sy c h i at ri c pa t i e n t s ;

thi s re port i ndi cate s t h e r e is a l s o p ot e n t ia l v a l u e in u si n g t h em fo r t h e em o t i o n al d y sc o n t r o l fo un d i n p o st - T BI p a t i e n ts .

2 . Michael I. Gure vi ch , MD an d C a s s a n d r a L . Ro b in s o n , M S , L PN
An Individualized Approach to Treatment-resistant Bipolar Disorder: A Case Series.
EX P L O R E J u ly / A ug us t 2016 , V o l . 12, No . 4

AB STR A CT
Objec tive :

De te rmi ne r e t r os p e c t iv e l y if in d iv id u a l iz ed , i n t eg r at i v e t r ea t m en t st r at eg i es ap p l i ed w h i l e w i t h d r aw i n g p ha rm a c e u t i c a ls
we re be ne fi ci al and s a f e a mon g a T RB D c l in ic p o p u l a t i o n .

Method:

A ch art re vi e w wa s p e r f o r me d f or s ix a d u l t p at i en t s, t r ea t ed i n a p r i v at e p sy c h i at r i c p r a c t i c e. Dat a w er e c o l le c t e d
reg ardi ng psych i atr ic d ia gn o s is , h o s p it a l iz a t ion s , me d i c a t i o n s, si d e effec t s, su b st a n c e a b u se, a n d a p p l i ed t r ea t m en t s .

Results:

Usi ng i ndi v i du a l iz e d , in t e gr a t iv e p s y c h ia t r ic t r eat m en t m et h o d s, t h e m ajo r i t y o f m ed i c a t i o n s w er e el i m i n a t ed . Lon g - te r m

remi ssi on was attain e d in a l l c a s e s , d e f in e d a s c l in i c al st ab i l i t y w i t h n o d i sc er n ab l e sy m p t o m s o f b i p o l a r d i so r d er fo r a t le a s t on e
year.

Conclusions:

Applyi n g a n in t e gr a t iv e t r e a t me n t a p p r o ac h , a n d el i m i n at i n g m o st m ed i c at i o n s, p r o v i d ed l a st i n g r eso l uti on of

symptom s and si de- e f f e c t s in a s e l e c t e d s a mp l e o f T R BD o ut p a t i en t s. T h ese d a t a m ay p r o v i d e t h e b asi s fo r fu t ur e ra n dom i ze d,
con trolle d tri als.

3 . K aplan BJ, Hi lbe rt P , Tsatsko E

Micronutrient treatment for children with emotional and behavioral dysregulation: a case series
Jou r n a l of M edic a l C as e Re p o r t s 2015 , 9 : 24 0 d oi :10 . 1186 /s13 25 6 -0 15 -0 73 5 -0

AB STR A CT
Introduction:

I n cli ni c a l s t u d ie s o f a d u l t s a n d c h il d r e n , b r o a d - sp ec t r u m m i c r o n ut r i en t s ( m i n er a l s a n d v i t a m i n s) h av e p rove n
b ene fi ci al for i mpro v in g mo o d r e gu l a t ion a n d a t t e n t i o n . W e r ep o r t h er e p i l o t w o r k w h o se p r i m a r y o b jec t i v e w as t o e va lu a t e the
feasi bi li ty of study in g mic r on u t r ie n t t r e a t me n t in s c h o o l - a g ed c h i l d r en w i t h em o t i o n al an d b eh a v i o r a l p r o b l em s. I ss u e s e x a m i n e d
include d fe asi bi li ty of p a r t ic ip a n t r e c r u it me n t f r om a c ul t u r al l y d i v er se p o p ul at i o n , p r o b a b i l i t y o f sa m p l e r et en t i o n f or a 1 2- we e k
trial, acce ptabi li ty o f t h e o u t c ome me a s u r e s , s u p p lem en t ad h er en c e, a s w el l as t r en d s i n t r eat m en t b en efi t .

Case Presentation:

T h e f a mil ie s o f t w o b oy s (a ge s 5 an d 6) a n d o n e g i r l ( a g e 1 4 ) w er e i n v i t ed t o p a r t i c i p a t e i n a 1 2 - we e k pi lot t ri a l
of mi cronutri e nts c a r r ie d o u t d u r in g t h e s u mme r mo n t h s. Al l c h i l d r en w er e en r o l l ed i n t h e p r i v a t e sc h o o l a t w h i c h f u t u r e re s e a rch
was be i ng consi de r e d . D u r in g t h e p r e v io u s s c h o o l year , al l t h r ee h a d b een ext r em el y d i ffi c ul t t o ed u c at e d u e t o t h e i r i n a bi li t y to
pay atte nti on and l e a r n , a s w e l l a s t h e ir b e h a v ior p r o b l em s. Al t h o u g h t h e t w o y o u n g er c h i l d r en h ad n o t b een fo r m a lly di a g n os e d,
pare nts and te ach e r s p r o v id e d r e p o r t s o f h y p e r a c t i v i t y an d i n ab i l i t y t o fo c us o n ed u c at i o n i n t h e c l a ssr o o m . T h e o lde s t c hi ld was
of te n ag g re ssi v e , an d h a d b e e n d ia gn os e d w it h b ip o l a r d i so r d er , a t t en t i o n d efi c i t h y p er ac t i v i t y d i so r d er , a n d o p p o s i ti on a l de f i a n t
d isorde r.
A ll th re e ch i ldre n we r e H is p a n ic a n d s p o k e b ot h S p a n i sh an d E n g l i sh . F o r 1 2 w eeks, aft er si g n i n g c o n sen t fo r m s, t h e c hi ldre n s
pare nts prov i de d w e e k l y r a t in gs on t h e p a r e n t - r e p o r t Ch i l d M a n i a R a t i n g Sc a l e; t h e c h i l d r en c o n sum ed t h e m i c r o n ut ri e n t f orm u la
d ai ly and prov i de d a d a il y r a t in g of h ow t h e y f e l t . Th e p a r en t r a t i n g s r ev ea l ed si g n i fi c a n t l y i m p r o v ed b eh av i o r , p = . 002. C hi ldre n s
rati ng s approach e d t h e id e a l l e v e l o f 7 , in d ic a t in g h a p p y sel f- r ep o r t s. P a r en t i n t er v i ew s c o n fi r m ed t h e w eekl y sc or e s . S e ve ra l
f easi bi li ty q ue sti on s we r e a n s w e r e d : a l l t h r e e c h il dr en c o m p l et ed t h e 1 2 - w eek t r i a l , al l sc o r es w er e c o m p l et ed b y pa re n t s a n d
childre n, adh e re nce t o t h e p r ot oc ol w a s e x c e l l e n t , an d n o a d v er se r ea c t i o n s em er g ed .

Conclusions:

Fam i ly p h y s ic ia n s a n d p e d ia t r ic ia n s a r e o ft en c o n fr o n t ed w i t h t h e c h al l en g e o f i m p r o v i n g t h e l i v es
of fami li e s wh ose c h il d r e n e x p e r ie n c e s c h o o l c r is e s d ue t o em o t i o n a l an d b eh a v i o r a l d y sr eg u l at i o n . T h r ee
chi ldre n, wh o parti c ip a t e d in p il o t wo r k t o d e t e r mi n e t h e fea si b i l i t y o f fu r t h er i n v est i g a t i o n s, exp er i en c ed
imp re ssi ve ch ang e s t h a t c l e a r l y wa r r a n t b o t h r e s e a r c h an d c l i n i c al exp l o r a t i o n .

4 . Kaplan BJ, Ruckli dg e J J , Ro mij n A R

A randomized trial of nutrient supplements to minimize psychological stress after a natural disaster
Psyc h ia t ry R es ear c h , A ug us t 3 0, 2015 , V o l um e 228, Issue 3 , Page s 3 73 3 79

AB STR A CT
A f ter d e v astati ng flood in g in s ou t h e r n A l b e r t a in Ju n e 2 01 3 , w e at t em p t ed t o r ep l i c a t e a N ew Zea l an d r an d o m i sed t r i al tha t s howe d
tha t m i cronutri e nt (min e r a l s , v it a min s ) c o n s u mp t io n aft er t h e ea r t h q ua kes o f 2 0 1 0 1 1 r esu l t ed i n i m p r o v ed m en t a l he a lth. Re s i de n ts
of south e rn Albe rta w e r e in v it e d t o p a r t ic ip a t e in a st ud y o n t h e p o t en t i a l b en efi t o f n ut r i en t su p p l em en t s fo l l o w i ng a n a t u r a l
d isaste r. Fi fty-si x a d u l t s a ge d 2 3 6 6 we r e r a n d omis ed t o r ec ei v e a si n g l e n u t r i en t ( v i t am i n D, n 1 7 ) , a few -n u t r i en t s f or m u la (BCo mple x , n21), or a b r o a d - s p e c t r u m min e r a l /v it a m i n fo r m u l a ( BSM V , n 1 8) . Sel f- r ep o r t ed c h a n g es i n d ep r essi o n , a n x i e t y a n d s t re ss
we re moni tore d fo r s ix w e e k s . A l t h ou gh a l l gr ou p s sh o w ed su b st a n t i a l d ec r eases o n al l m ea sur es, t h o se c o n sum i n g the B- C om ple x
and th e BSMV formu l a s s h owe d s ign if ic a n t l y gr e a t er i m p r o v em en t i n st r ess an d a n xi et y c o m p ar ed w i t h t h o se c o n su m i n g the
s in g le nutri e nt, wi t h l a r ge e f f e c t s iz e s (C o h e n s d r a n g e0 .7 6 1 .0 8) . T h er e w er e n o g r o u p d i ffer en c es b et w een t h o se c on s u m i n g t he
B-Com ple x and BSMV. T h e u s e of n u t r ie n t f or mu l a s w i t h m ul t i p l e m i n er a l s a n d / o r v i t am i n s t o m i n i m i se st r ess asso c ia te d wi th
natural di saste rs i s n ow s u p p or t e d b y t h r e e s t u d ie s. F u r t h er r esear c h sh o ul d b e c ar r i ed o u t t o ev al ua t e t h e p o t en t ia l popu la t i on
b en e fi t th at mi g h t a c c r u e if s u c h f or mu l a s we r e d is t r i b u t ed a s a p o st -d i sa st er p ub l i c h eal t h m easur e.

5 . Gord on HA, Ruckli dg e J J , B l a mp ie d N M , Joh n s t on e JM

Clinically Significant Symptom Reduction in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treated

with Micronutrients: An Open-Label Reversal Design Study
J C h ild Adoles c P s y c h o p h ar m ac o l . 2015 D e c ; 25(10 ):783 -98. d oi : 10 . 10 89/cap. 20 15 . 0 10 5

AB STR A CT
Objec tive:

Th e purpos e o f t h is s t u d y wa s t o in v e s t igat e t h e c l i n i c a l effec t an d safet y o f a b r o ad sp ec t r u m , 3 6 i n g r ed i e n t

micronutri e nt ( vi ta min s a n d min e r a l s ) in t r e a t in g c hi l d r en w i t h at t en t i o n -d efi c i t / h y p er a c t i v i t y d i so r d er ( ADHD) .

Methods:

Th i s ope n-lab e l , on - of f - o n - o f f (r e v e r s a l d e s i g n ) st u d y fo l l o w ed 1 4 p a r t i c i p a n t s ( 8 1 2 y ear s o f ag e) w i t h ADHD, di a g n os e d

us i ng standardi ze d in s t r u me n t s , f o r 6 mon t h s w it h n o d r o p o ut s. F o l l o w i n g b a sel i n e assessm en t , i n c l ud i n g h em a t o l o g y a n d
b io ch e mi stry scre en in g, p a r t ic ip a n t s b e ga n a n 8 w eek t r ea t m en t p h a se w i t h m i c r o n u t r i en t s t i t r a t ed u p t o m axi m um dos e (1 5
capsule s/day). Tre a t me n t wa s wit h d r a wn f or 4 we e ks, r ei n st a t ed fo r a fur t h er 8 w eeks, an d t h en w i t h d r a w n fo r 4 we e ks . Pr i m a r y
outcom e s i nclude d t h e C o n n e r s Pa r e n t Ra t in g S c a l e , t h e Cl i n i c a l Gl o b al I m p r essi o n s Sc a l e ( CGI ) , a n d t h e St r en g t h s a n d D i f f i c u lti e s
Qu e sti onnai re P are n t v e r s ion (S D Q) . S e c o n d a r y ou t c o m es w er e m o o d a n d g l o b al fu n c t i o n i n g .

Results:

Modi fi e d Bri nl e y p l o t s r e v e a l e d a r e d u c t ion in ADHD sy m p t o m s, i m p r o v ed m o o d , an d i m p r o v ed o v er al l fun c t i o n i n g du r i n g

inte rve nti on ph ases , a n d d e t e r ior a t io n in A D H D s y m p t o m s, m o o d , a n d o v er a l l fun c t i o n i n g d u r i n g t h e w i t h d r a w al p h as e s . Re li a ble
chang e analyse s, Co h e n s d a n d p e r c e n t s u p e r io r it y effec t si zes, 9 5 % c o n fi d en c e i n t er v a l s a n d t t est s c o n fi r m ed c l i ni c a lly a n d
stati sti cally si g ni fi c a n t c h a n ge b e t we e n t h e in t e r v en t i o n a n d w i t h d r aw al p h ases, w i t h l a r g e effec t si zes o b ser v ed pre - t o pos t exp osure of m i cron u t r ie n t s (d = 1. 2 2 . 2 ) o n A D H D s y m p t o m s d u r i n g i n t er v en t i o n p h ases. Sev en t y - o n e p er c en t o f p ar ti c i pa n ts
sho we d at le ast a 30 % d e c r e a s e in A D H D s y mp t om s b y t h e en d o f t h e sec o n d t r eat m en t p h a se, a n d 7 9 % w er e i d en t i f i e d a s m u c h
imp rov e d or v e ry mu c h imp r ov e d a t t h e e n d o f t h e sec o n d p h ase ( 5 m o n t h s) b ased o n t h e c l i n i c i an - r at ed CGI w he n c on s i de ri n g
functi oni ng g e ne rall y . T h e S D Q s h owe d t h a t t h e s e b en efi t s o c c u r r ed ac r o ss o t h er a r ea s o f fun c t i o n i n g i n c l ud i n g em o t i on a l
symptom s, conduct p r o b l e ms , a n d p r o s oc ia l b e h a v i o ur s. T h e c h i l d r en s sel f-r ep o r t s c o n fi r m ed t h e i m p r o v em en t s. E xc e lle n t
ad h e re nce to tre at me n t o c c u r r e d t h r ou gh ou t , s id e effec t s w er e m i l d an d t r a n si t o r y , a n d n o safet y i ssu es w er e i d en t i f i e d t hrou g h
b lood analyse s.

Conclusions :

Th i s stud y d e mo n s t r a t e s t h e c l in ic a l b e n efi t , fea si b i l i t y , a n d safet y o f b r o ad - sp ec t r u m m i c r o n ut r i en t s i n the tre a tm e n t

of ch i ldh ood ADHD. Re p l ic a t ion s u t il iz in g d ou b l e - b l i n d p l a c eb o - c o n t r o l l ed st u d i es ar e w ar r a n t ed . T r i al i s r eg i st er ed wi th t he
Australi a and N e w Z e a l a n d C l in ic a l T r ia l Re gis t r y : A CT R N 1 2 61 2 0 0 0 64 5 85 3

6. Ruck lid ge J J , Frampton C , G or ma n B , B o ggis A

Vitamin-mineral treatment of ADHD in adults: A one-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

Jou r n a l of Atten t i o n D i s o r d e r s , e P ub

AB STR A CT
Objec tive :

De spi te wid e s p r e a d u s e , t h e r e is l it t l e d a ta i n v est i g at i n g t h e l o n g - t er m i m p ac t o f m i c r o n ut r i en t s o n p sy c h i a t ri c di s orde rs .

T his study i nve sti g at e d t h e n a t u r a l is t ic o u t c ome 1- y ear p o st - b a sel i n e o f a r an d o m i zed c o n t r o l l ed t r i a l s ( R CT ) t h a t c om pa r e d
micronutri e nts wi th p l a c e b o in 8 0 a d u l t s w it h A D H D.

Method:
Result: A

All parti ci pan t s we r e c on t a c t e d a n d c l in ic ia n - r at ed q u est i o n n a i r es c o m p l et ed .

total of 72 ( 9 0 %) o f t h e s a mp l e p a r t ic ip a t e d ; a l t h o ug h t h er e w as si g n i fi c an t r eg r essi o n i n p sy c h i a t r i c fun c t i o ni n g f rom the

end-of-tri al on all m e a s u r e s , ou t c o me s r e ma in e d s i g n i fi c an t l y i m p r o v ed fr o m b a sel i n e. Do m i n an t t r ea t m en t fr o m t he e n d- of treatm e nt to follow - u p wa s in v e s t iga t e d a s a me d i a t o r o f o ut c o m e; t h o se st a y i n g o n t h e m i c r o n u t r i en t s p er fo r m ed be t te r t ha n
those wh o swi tch e d t o me d ic a t io n s or d is c on t in u e d m i c r o n u t r i en t s. Co st w as t h e m o st su b st a n t i a l r easo n w h y p eo p le s t oppe d
mic ronutri e nt tre at me n t .

Conclusion:

For th e s ma l l n u mb e r of p a r t ic ip a n t s w h o st ay ed o n m i c r o n ut r i en t s, t h e b en efi t s c o n fer r ed t h r o u g h t h e c o n t rolle d tri a l

were mai ntai ne d. Th e r e s u l t s a r e l imit e d b y s ma l l sa m p l e, l ac k o f b l i n d i n g , exp ec t at i o n , a n d r el i a n c e o n sel freport of sym ptoms .

7 . Rucklid ge J J * , Blam pi e d N, G or ma n B , G o r d o n H , S o l e E

Psychological functioning 1 year after a brief intervention using micronutrients to treat stress and anxiety
related to the 2011 Christchurch earthquakes: a naturalistic follow-up.
Hu m. P sy c h oph a r m ac o l C l i n E x p ( 2014 ) . d o i : 10. 10 0 2/hup. 23 92

AB STR A CT
Objec tive :

W e i nve st iga t e d w h e t h e r mic r on u t r ie n t s g i v en ac ut el y fo l l o w i n g t h e Ch r i st c h ur c h ea r t h q ua kes c o n t i n ued to c on f e r

b en e fi t 1 ye ar follo win g t h e t r e a t me n t .

Method:

Si x ty-four a d u l t s f r o m t h e or igin a l 9 1 p a r t ic ip a n t s exp er i en c i n g h ei g h t en ed a n xi et y o r st r ess 2 .3 m o n t h s fo l l owi n g t he

22nd Fe bruary 2011 e a r t h q u a k e a n d wh o h a d b e e n ra n d o m i zed t o r ec ei v e t h r ee d i ffer en t d o ses o f m i c r o n u t r i en t s c o m ple te d
on-li ne q ue sti onnai r e s a s s e s s in g mo o d , a n x ie t y , s t r e ss, a n d sy m p t o m s a sso c i a t ed w i t h p o st -t r a u m at i c st r ess d i so r d e r 1 ye a r a f te r
comple ti ng th e i ni t ia l s t u d y . T w e n t y - on e o u t o f 2 9 n o n r a n d o m i zed c o n t r o l s w h o d i d n o t r ec ei v e t h e t r ea t m en t a l so c om ple te d t he
questi onnai re s.

Result:

Both th e tre ated a n d c on t r o l gr o u p s e x p e r ie n c ed si g n i fi c a n t i m p r o v em en t i n p sy c h o l o g i c al fu n c t i o n i n g c o m p ar ed wi th e n dof-tri al. Howe ve r, t r e a t e d p a r t ic ip a n t s h a d b e t t e r l o n g -t er m o u t c o m es o n m o st m ea sur es c o m p a r ed w i t h c o n t r o l s ( ES = 0. 6 9. 1 . 3 1 ).

T hose wh o staye d on mic r on u t r ie n t s t h r ou gh t o f o l l o w - u p o r st o p p ed al l t r eat m en t r ep o r t ed b et t er p sy c h o l o g i c a l fu n c t i on i n g t ha n
those wh o swi tch e d t o o t h e r t r e a t me n t s in c l u d in g m ed i c at i o n s.

Conclusion:

Di saste r s u r v iv or s imp r o v e p s y c h o l o gic a l l y o v er t i m e r eg a r d l ess o f r ec ei v i n g i n t er v en t i o n ; h o w ev er , t h o s e t a ki n g

mic ronutri e nts dur in g t h e a c u t e p h a s e f ol l owin g a di sa st er sh o w b et t er o u t c o m es, i d en t i fy i n g m i c r o n ut r i en t s a s a v i a ble tre a tm e nt
for acute stre ss fol l o w in g a n a t u r a l d is a s t e r wit h m a i n t en an c e o f b en efi t s 1 y ear l a t er .

8 . Rucklid ge J J , Frampton C A , G o r ma n B , B oggis A

Vitamin-mineral treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: double-blind randomized

placebo-controlled trial
T he B ritish J ou r n al o f P s y c h i at r y , Jan uar y 3 0, 2 0 14

AB STR A CT
Background:

Th e role o f n u t r it io n in t h e t r e a t me n t of a t t en t i o n -d efi c i t h y p er a c t i v i t y d i so r d er ( ADHD) i s g ai n i n g i n t er n a ti on a l

att e nti on; h owe ve r , t r e a t me n t s h a v e ge n e r a l l y f o c used o n l y o n d i et r est r i c t i o n o r sup p l em en t i n g w i t h o n e n ut r i en t a t a t i m e .

Aim:

T o i nve sti g ate th e e f f ic a c y a n d s a f e t y of a b r oa d - b a sed m i c r o n u t r i en t fo r m u l a c o n si st i n g m ai n l y o f v i t am i n s an d m i n e r a ls ,

with out om e g a fatt y a c id s , in t h e t r e a t me n t o f A D HD i n ad u l t s.

Method:

I nte nt-to-tre a t a n a l y s e s s h o w e d s ign if ic a n t bet w een -g r o up d i ffer en c es fav o r i n g a c t i v e t r eat m en t o n sel f- a n d obs e r ve r- bu t
not cli ni ci an-ADHD r a t in g s c a l e s . H owe v e r , c l in ic ia n s r a t ed t h o se r ec ei v i n g m i c r o n u t r i en t s a s m o r e i m p r o v ed t h an t hos e on pla c e bo
b o th g lobally and on A D H D s y mp t o ms . Po s t h o c a n a l y ses sh o w ed t h at fo r t h o se w i t h m o d er a t e/ sev er e d ep r essi o n a t ba s e li n e ,
the re was a g re ater c h a n ge in mood f a v o r in g a c t iv e t r eat m en t o v er p l a c eb o . T h er e w er e n o g r o u p d i ffer en c es i n adve r s e e ve n ts .

Conclusion:

Th i s study p r o v id e s p r e l imin a r y e v id e n c e o f effi c ac y fo r m i c r o n ut r i en t s i n t h e t r eat m en t o f ADHD sy m p t o m s i n a du lt s ,

with a re assuri ng sa f e t y p r o f il e .

9 . Rucklid ge J J , J oh nstone J , G o r ma n B , B oggis A , Fr a mp t o n C A

Moderators of treatment response in adults with ADHD treated with a vitamin-mineral supplement.
Pro g N eu ro- P sy c h o p h ar m ac o l B i o l P s y c h i at r y (20 13 )
htt p:/ / dx.doi.org /10. 1016 /j . p n p bp . 2013. 12. 014

AB STR A CT
Background:

To date t h e r e h a s b e e n n o r e s e a r c h in v e st i g at i n g m o d er at o r s o f r esp o n se t o m i c r o n ut r i en t t r ea t m en t o f m e n ta l i lln e s s ,

spe ci fi cally base li n e n u t r ie n t l e v e l s .

Method:

W e conducte d a n a l y s e s o f d a t a f r o m a r a n d o m i zed p l ac eb o - c o n t r o l l ed t r i al ( R CT ) o f 80 ad u l t s ( .1 6 y ear s) w i t h A t te n t i on D efi ci t Hype racti v it y D is o r d e r (A D H D ) , w h e r e b y p a rt i c i p an t s w er e t r eat ed a c ut el y ( 8 w eeks) w i t h m i c r o n u t r i en t s o r pla c e bo

followe d by an open - l a b e l (O L ) p h a s e of 8 we e k s w h er eb y a l l p ar t i c i p a n t s r ec ei v ed m i c r o n u t r i en t s. T o en sur e t h a t all pa r ti c i pa n ts
had be e n e x pose d t o t h e mic r o n u t r ie n t s f or 8 w e e ks, o n l y t h o se w h o h a d a d h er ed t o t h e t r eat m en t p r o t o c o l an d c o m ple te d
8 we e ks on nutri e nt s we r e in c l u d e d in t h e d a t a a n a l y si s: fr o m t h e g r o up m i c r o n ut r i en t ar m , a n d fr o m t h e g r o up t h at ha d be e n
ran domi z e d to th e p l a c e b o gr ou p a n d h e n c e h a d on l y r ec ei v ed n u t r i en t s i n t h e OL p h ase. Si x o u t c o m es w er e exam i n e d: c ha n g e i n
ADHD symptom s ( se l f /c l in ic ia n ) , A D H D r e s p o n d e r , Cl i n i c a l Gl o b al I m p r essi o n -I m p r o v em en t ( CGI -I ) , c h a n g e i n m o o d , an d c ha n g e i n
Global Asse ssm e nt of Fu n c t ion in g (G A F) . D e mogr a p h i c , d ev el o p m en t a l an d p sy c h i at r i c h i st o r y , c u r r en t c l i n i c al c h ar ac te r i s t i c s , a nd
b ase li ne nutri e nt le v e l s w e r e a l l c on s id e r e d a s p u ta t i v e p r ed i c t o r s.

Result:

Th e re we re si g n if ic a n t c h a n ge s in a l l ou t c o me v a r i a b l es aft er 8 w eeks exp o sur e t o t h e m i c r o n u t r i en t s. Am o n g the n u t ri e n t s

recorde d at base li n e , s u b s t a n t ia l d e f ic ie n c ie s (2 7 %) w er e o n l y o b ser v ed fo r v i t am i n D.

1 0 . Rucklid g e J J

Could Yeast Infections Impair Recovery From Mental Illness? A case study Using Micronutrients and Olive
Leaf Extract for the Treatment of ADHD and Depression .
Ad v a n c es , Su mm e r 2013. V o l . 27 , No . 3

AB STR A CT
Prior re se arch sh ow s t h a t mic r on u t r ie n t s , p a r t ic u l a r l y am i n o a c i d s, c a n a ssi st i n d i v i d u a l s w i t h sub st a n c e d ep en d en c e to qu i t
vari ous drug s of ab u s e , in c l u d in g c a n n a b is , a l c oh ol , a n d c o c a i n e. As p a r t o f a w i d er i n v est i g at i o n o f t h e i m p ac t o f m i c r on u tri e n t s
(m ostly v i tam i ns an d min e r a l s ) on p s y c h ia t r ic s y mp t o m s, suc h a s At t en t i o n -Defi c i t / Hy p er ac t i v i t y Di so r d er ( ADHD) , de pr e s s i on ,
and anx i e ty, we ob s e r v e d t h a t ma n y p a r t ic ip a n t s red uc ed o r el i m i n a t ed u se o f al c o h o l , c i g a r et t es, a n d c an n a b i s. One c a s e u s i n g
a si ng le -case re v e r s a l (o f f - on - of f - o n - o f f ) d e s ign is p r esen t ed an d sh o w s n o t o n l y o n - o ff c o n t r o l o f p sy c h i a t r i c sy m pt om s a s
mic ronutri e nts are c on s u me d o r wit h d r a wn , b u t a l so si m ul t a n eo us o n -o ff u se o f c a n n a b i s a n d c i g a r et t es, d esp i t e n ot di re c t ly
tar g e ti ng th i s subst a n c e u s e a s p a r t o f t h e t r e a t men t p r o t o c o l .
T hi s case adds to a gr o w in g b od y o f r e s e a r c h s u p p o r t i n g t h e u se o f m i c r o n ut r i en t s i n t h e t r eat m en t o f p sy c h i a t r i c s ym ptom s a n d
sug g e sts i t may e x t e n d t o s u b s t a n c e d e p e n d e n c e . Mi c r o n u t r i en t s, b y a ssi st i n g w i t h m o o d r eg ul at i o n a n d r ed u c t i o n s i n a n x i e t y,
may assi st wi th suc c e s s f u l c e s s a t ion of d r u g u s e . A l t er n a t i v el y , t h ey m a y d i r ec t l y i m p ac t o n t h e b r a i n r ew a r d c i r c ui t ry be li e ve d to
b e i nvolve d i n th e e x p r e s s ion of a d d ic t io n s , t h e r e b y p r o v i d i n g t h e a p p r o p r i a t e p r ec u r so r s a n d c o fa c t o r s n ec essar y f or a de qu a te
neurotransm i tte r sy n t h e s is . T h is c a s e s h o u l d c o n t in u e t o st i m u l at e r esea r c h er s t o c o n si d er t h e r o l e o f n ut r i en t s, i n p a r ti c u la r
vit ami ns and m i ne r a l s , in d r u g t r e a t me n t p r ogr a ms an d en c o u r ag e m o r e r i g o r o us t r i a l s.

1 1 . Frazier EA, Graci ous B , Arn ol d L E , Fa il l a M , C h it c h u mr oon c h o kc h ai

C , Hab as h D, Fri stad MA
Nutritional and Safety Outcomes from an Open-Label Micronutrient Intervention for Pediatric Bipolar
Spectrum Disorders
Jou r n a l of Ch ild an d A d o l e s c e n t P s y c h o p h ar m acol ogy

AB STR A CT
Objec tive:

Re port safe t y , t ol e r a b il it y , s e r u m mic r on ut r i en t c o n c en t r a t i o n s an d t h ei r c o r r el a t i o n s w i t h m o o d c h a n g es f r om a n 8- we e k

pilot fe asi bi li ty stud y of a 36 - in gr e d ie n t mu l t in u t r ie n t su p p l em en t , T r u eh o p e E M P o w er p l u s, fo r p ed i a t r i c b i p o l ar spe c tru m
d isorde rs ( B P SD).

Method:

Te n ch i ldre n a ge d 6 - 12 r e c e iv e d T r u e h op e E M P o w er p l u s esc a l at i n g fr o m 1 t o 4 c ap su l es t .i .d ., w i t h fo ur c h i l d r e n i n c re a s e d to
the m ax i m um sug g e s t e d d os e , 5 c a p s u l e s t . i. d . O u t c o m e m easur es w er e m i c r o n ut r i en t c o n c en t r a t i o n s i n ser um an d re d blood c e lls ,
vital si g ns, body ma s s in d e x (B M I) , d ie t a r y in t a k e (Fo o d F r eq u en c y Q u est i o n n a i r e an d 2 4 - h o ur d i et a r y r ec a l l i n t er v i ew) a n d m ood
and g lobal functi on in g r a t in gs .

Result:

Se ve n ch i ldre n (7 0 %) c omp l e t e d t h e s t u d y . T h ree ( 3 0 % ) t er m i n at ed ear l y d u e t o t o l er a b i l i t y a n d c o m p l i an c e i ss u e s . A dve r s e

ef fe cts we re m i ld an d t r a n s ie n t , a n d c h ie f l y in it ia l i n so m n i a o r GI up set . N o d i ffer en c es o c c ur r ed i n BM I ( p = 0 .3 1 0 ) o r wa i s t- hi p
rat i o ( W HR; p = 0. 6 7 4) p r e - t o p os t - s u p p l e me n t a t io n . F o u r o f t h e t est ed ser um v i t am i n c o n c en t r at i o n s i n c r eased fr om pr e - t o
po st-supple me ntat io n : v it a min A - r e t in ol ; v it a min B6; v i t am i n E - - t o c o p h er o l ; an d fo l a t e ( a l l p <0 .0 5 ) . T h e i n c r ease i n s e ru m
25-O H v i tam i n D ap p r o a c h e d s ign if ic a n c e (p = 0 . 0 6 3) . N o d i ffer en c es w er e fo u n d i n d i et a r y i n t ake p r e- t o p o st - sup p le m e n t a t i on ,
sug g e sti ng blood nu t r ie n t l e v e l in c r e a s e s we r e d u e t o T r ueh o p e E M P o w er p l u s.

Conclusion:

I n th i s op e n p r os p e c t iv e s t u d y , s h or t - t e r m use o f T r u eh o p e E M P o w er p l u s i n c h i l d r en w i t h BP SD ap p ear ed s a f e a n d
we ll-tole rate d, wi t h a s id e e f f e c t p r of il e p r e f e r a b l e t o fi r st -l i n e p sy c h o t r o p i c d r ug s fo r p ed i a t r i c b i p o l ar sp ec t r um di s or de rs . A
d o uble -bli nd, rando miz e d c l in ic a l t r ia l is f e a s ib l e , ap p ear s safe, a n d i s w ar r a n t ed b y o p en - l ab el c l i n i c al o ut c o m es an d pla u s i ble
mech ani sms of actio n c o mb in e d wit h d oc me n t a t io n o f i n c r eased ser um c o n c en t r a t i o n s o f sp ec i fi c m i c r o n u t r i en t s.

1 2 . Harris on R, Ruckli dg e J J , Bl a mp ie d N

Use of micronutrients attenuates cannabis and nicotine abuse as evidenced from a reversal Design: A case
study
Jou r n a l of P sy c h o ac t i v e D r ug s

AB STR A CT
Prior re se arch sh ows tha t mic r o n u t r ie n t s , p a r t ic u l a r l y a m i n o ac i d s, c a n a ssi st i n d i v i d u a l s w i t h sub st a n c e d ep en d en c e t o qu i t va r i ou s
d rug s of abuse , i nclu d in g c a n n a b is , a l c oh ol , a n d c o c ai n e.

Case Description:

A s p a r t of a wid e r in v e s t iga t ion o f t h e i m p ac t o f m i c r o n ut r i en t s ( m o st l y v i t a m i n s an d m i n er a l s) o n ps yc hi a t ri c

s ym ptoms, such as A t t e n t ion - D e f ic it /H y p e r a c t iv it y Di so r d er ( ADHD) , d ep r essi o n , a n d a n xi et y , w e o b ser v ed t h a t m a n y pa rti c i pa n ts
reduce d or e li mi na t e d u s e of a l c o h o l , c iga r e t t e s , a n d c an n a b i s. On e c ase u si n g a si n g l e- c ase r ev er sal ( o ff-o n - o ff- o n - of f ) de s i g n
is p re se nte d and sho w s n ot o n l y o n - o f f c on t r o l of p sy c h i a t r i c sy m p t o m s a s m i c r o n ut r i en t s a r e c o n su m ed o r w i t h d r a wn , bu t a ls o
s imultane ous on-off u s e o f c a n n a b is a n d c iga r e t t e s , d esp i t e n o t d i r ec t l y t a r g et i n g t h i s sub st a n c e u se a s p a r t o f t h e tre a tm e n t
protocol.

Conclusion:

Th i s case a d d s t o a gr owin g b od y o f r e s ea r c h su p p o r t i n g t h e u se o f m i c r o n ut r i en t s i n t h e t r eat m en t

of psych i atri c sym p t o ms a n d s u gge s t s it ma y e x t e n d t o su b st a n c e d ep en d en c e. M i c r o n u t r i en t s, b y a ssi st i n g

wit h m ood re g ulati o n a n d r e d u c t ion s in a n x ie t y , ma y a ssi st w i t h su c c essfu l c essat i o n o f d r u g u se. Al t er n a t i v el y , t h e y m a y di re c t ly

impact on th e brai n r e wa r d c ir c u it r y b e l ie v e d t o b e i n v o l v ed i n t h e exp r essi o n o f ad d i c t i o n s, t h er eb y p r o v i d i n g t h e a ppr opri a t e
pre cursors and cofa c t or s n e c e s s a r y f or a d e q u a t e n eur o t r an sm i t t er sy n t h esi s. T h i s c ase sh o u l d c o n t i n u e t o st i m u l at e re s e a rc he r s to
consi de r th e role o f n u t r ie n t s , in p a r t ic u l a r v it a min s a n d m i n er a l s, i n d r u g t r eat m en t p r o g r am s a n d en c o u r ag e m o r e r i g orou s tri a ls .

1 3 . Rod way M, Vance A, W att e r s A , L e e H , B os E , K a p l a n B J

Efficacy and cost of micronutrient treatment of childhood psychosis
B M J Ca se R epor ts . d o i : 10. 1136 /bc r -2012-007 213

AB STR A CT
Ps ych osi s i s di ffi cult t o t r e a t e f f e c t iv e l y w it h c on v en t i o n a l p h ar m a c eu t i c al s, m an y o f w h i c h h av e ad v er se l o n g -t er m he a lt h
con se q ue nce s. I n co n t r a s t , t h e r e a r e p r omis in g r e p o r t s fr o m sev er a l r esear c h g r o u p s o f m i c r o n ut r i en t t r ea t m en t ( v i ta m i n s ,
min e rals, ami no aci d s , a n d e s s e n t ia l f a t t y a c id s ) o f m o o d , an xi et y , a n d p sy c h o si s sy m p t o m s usi n g a c o m p l ex fo r m ul a t ha t a ppe a rs
to be safe and tole r a b l e . We r e v ie w p r e v iou s s t u d ies usi n g t h i s fo r m ul a t o t r ea t m en t a l sy m p t o m s, an d p r esen t a n 1 1 - ye a r- old
b oy wi th a 3-ye ar his t o r y of me n t a l il l n e s s w h o s e p a r en t s c h o se t o t r an si t i o n h i m fr o m m ed i c a t i o n t o m i c r o n ut r i en ts . S ym pt om
seve ri ty was moni t or e d in t h r e e c l u s t e r s : a n x ie t y , o b sessi v e c o m p u l si v e d i so r d er , an d p sy c h o si s. Co m p l et e r em i ssi on of ps yc hos i s
occ urre d, and se v e r it y of a n x ie t y a n d ob s e s s ion a l sy m p t o m s d ec r ea sed si g n i fi c a n t l y ( p < .0 0 1 ) ; t h e i m p r o v em en t s ar e s u s t a i n e d a t
4-ye ar follow-up. A c os t c omp a r is o n r e v e a l e d t h a t m i c r o n ut r i en t t r ea t m en t w as <1 % o f h i s i n p at i en t m en t al h eal t h c a r e . A ddi ti on al
rese arch on broad s p e c t r u m mic r o n u t r ie n t t r e a t me n t i s w a r r a n t ed .

1 4 . R ucklid g e J J , Andri dg e R, G o r ma n B , B l a mp ie d N , G o r d o n H,
Boggis A

Shaken but unstirred? Effects of micronutrients on stress and trauma after an earthquake: RCT evidence
comparing formulas and doses
Hu m P sy c h oph a r m ac o l C l i n E x p . d o i : 10. 1002/h up. 2246

AB STR A CT
Objec tive:

To compa r e t w o mic r on u t r ie n t (v it a min s an d m i n er a l s) fo r m u l as ( Ber o c c aT M a n d CN E T M ) an d a ssess t h ei r i mpa c t on

emoti ons and stre ss r e l a t e d t o t h e 6 . 3 e a r t h q u a k e o n F eb r ua r y 2 2 n d 2 0 1 1 i n Ch r i st c h u r c h , N Z.

Method:

91 adults e x p e r ie n c in g h e igh t e n e d a n x ie t y o r st r ess 2 - 3 m o n t h s fo l l o w i n g t h e ear t h q ua ke w er e r a n d o m i zed t o Be r oc c a TM,

CN E TM low dose ( C N E 4 ) , o r C N E T M h igh d os e (C N E 8 ) , fo r 2 8 d a y s an d m o n i t o r ed w eekl y v i a o n - l i n e q uest i o n n a i r es a n d f ollowe d on e
month post-tri al. A n o n - r a n d o miz e d c on t r o l gr o u p ( n =2 5 ) c o m p l et ed q u est i o n n a i r es a t b asel i n e an d 4 w eeks.

Result:

All tre atme nt gr ou p s e x p e r ie n c e d s ign if ic a n t d ec l i n es i n p sy c h o l o g i c al sy m p t o m s ( p < .0 0 1 ) . CN E T M g r o u p s exp er i e n c e d

gre ate r re ducti on in in t r u s iv e t h ou gh t s a s c o mp a r ed w i t h Ber o c c aT M ( p = 0 .0 5 ) , w i t h n o g r o up d i ffer en c es o n o t h er m e a s u r e s of
psych olog i cal symp t o ms . H o w e v e r , C N E 8 gr o u p r e p o r t ed g r eat er i m p r o v em en t i n m o o d , an xi et y , a n d en er g y ( p < .05) wi th t wi c e
as many re porti ng b e in g mu c h t o v e r y mu c h imp r o v ed an d fi v e t i m es m o r e l i kel y t o c o n t i n ue t a ki n g CN E T M p o st - tri a l tha n
BeroccaTM g roup. Tr e a t e d p a r t ic ip a n t s h a d b e t t e r o u t c o m es o n m o st m ea sur es o v er 4 w eeks a s c o m p a r ed t o c o n t r ols .

Conclusion:

Th i s study s u p p or t s mic r on u t r ie n t s a s a n i n exp en si v e an d p r a c t i c a l t r ea t m en t fo r a c ut e st r ess fo l l o w i n g a n a tu r a l

d isaste r wi th a sli g h t a d v a n t a ge t o h igh e r d os e s . A C T R N 1 2 61 1 0 0 0 4 60 9 0 9

1 5 . Frazier EA, Fri stad MA, Ar n ol d L E

Feasibility of a nutritional supplement as treatment for pediatric bipolar spectrum disorders

Jou r n a l of Altern at i v e an d C o m p l e m e n t ar y Med i ci ne , 18(7):6 78-6 85

AB STR A CT
Objec tive:

C urre nt ps y c h ot r op ic me d ic a t ion s f or c h il d h o o d b i p o l a r sp ec t r um d i so r d er s ( BP SD) ar e a sso c i a t ed w i t h si g n i f i c a n t

adv e rse e ve nts. As n u t r ie n t s p l a y a n imp or t a n t r o l e i n p h y si c al an d m en t al h eal t h , t h ey m ay b e useful i n t r eat i n g m ood di s orde rs
with fe w si de e ffe c t s . T h is o p e n - l a b e l s t u d y e x p l or e d t h e feasi b i l i t y o f t est i n g t h er a p eu t i c effec t s o f a m ul t i n ut r i en t s u pple m e n t ,
T rue h ope E MP ower p l u s , f o r p e d ia t r ic B PS D .

Design:

True h ope E M Powe r p l u s s t a r t e d a t 1 c a p s u l e t .i .d . an d esc al at ed t o a g o a l o f 4 c a p su l es t .i .d ., w h i c h ei g h t c h i l d re n a tta i n e d.

F our of th e se i ncre a s e d t o t h e ma x imu m d os e , 5 c ap su l es t .i .d . M o o d sy m p t o m s w er e a ssessed sev en t i m es o v er ei g ht we e ks .

Subjects:

Te n ch i ldre n , a ge 6 - 12 wit h B PS D w e r e e n r ol led i n 6.5 m o n t h s. Sev en p ar t i c i p a n t s c o m p l et ed t h e ful l t r i al . T h re e droppe d ou t

d ue to palatabi li ty a n d /or a d h e r e n c e is s u e s .

Result:

Me an me di cati o n a d h e r e n c e w a s 9 1%. Wit h o n e - t ai l ed n o n p a r am et r i c F i sh er s R a n d o m i za t i o n T est s, i n t en t - t o -t r e a t a n a lys e s

d e m onstrate d a 37% d e c r e a s e in d e p r e s s ion s c o r e s ( p <0 .0 6) an d a 4 5 % d ec r ease i n m a n i a sc o r es ( p <0 .0 1 ) fr o m t h e s ta r t of
treatm e nt th roug h f in a l v is it , s u gge s t in g imp r ov e men t a n d p o ssi b l e t r eat m en t r esp o n se. St ud y c o m p l et er s d em o n stra t e d
signi fi cant de cre asin g t r e n d s in b ot h d e p r e s s ion a n d m an i a sc o r es fr o m b a sel i n e t o fi n a l v i si t ( p <0 .0 5 ) . Si d e effec t s we re m i n or a n d
tra nsi e nt, mostly te mp or a r y ga s t r ic d is c o mf or t . C o n c l u si o n : F ut ur e r an d o m i zed , p l ac eb o - c o n t r o l l ed t r i al s o f
T rue h ope E MP owe r p l u s a r e wa r r a n t e d a n d f e a s ib l e.

1 6. Rucklid g e J J , J oh nstone J , H a r r is o n R

Effect of micronutrients on neurocognitive functioning in adults with ADHD and Severe Mood Dy sregulation:
A pilot study
Jou r n a l of Altern at i v e an d C o m p l e m e n t ar y Med i ci ne

AB STR A CT
Objec tive:

Li ttle re se a r c h h a s in v e s t iga t e d h ow mic r o n ut r i en t s ( m i n er a l s a n d v i t a m i n s) a ffec t c o g n i t i v e fun c t i o n i n g d e s pi te

pre li mi nary studi e s s h owin g t h e y ma y imp r o v e p s y c h i a t r i c fun c t i o n i n g . I n t er v en t i o n : T h i s p i l o t st ud y i n v est i g at ed t he i m pa c t of
a 36 i ng re di e nt m i c r o n u t r ie n t f o r mu l a c on s is t in g ma i n l y o f v i t am i n s an d m i n er a l s o n n eur o c o g n i t i v e fun c t i o n i n g i n 1 4 a du lt s wi t h
A tte nti on-De fi ci t/H y p e a c t iv it y D is or d e r (A D H D ) a n d sev er e m o o d d y sr eg u l at i o n ( SM D) .

Design:

Th e formula w a s c on s u me d in a n op e n - l a b e l tr i a l o v er an 8- w eek p er i o d .

Outcome Measures:

T h e p a r t ic ip a n t s c omp l e t e d t e st s o f m em o r y ( W i d e R an g e Assessm en t o f M em o r y a n d L ea r n i n g ) a n d e x e c u ti ve
f un cti oni ng ( De li s-Ka p l a n E x e c u t iv e Fu n c t ion in g S y st em a n d Co n n er s Co n t i n uo u s P er fo r m an c e T est ) a t b asel i n e an d a t t he e n d of
the tri al. A g e nde r a n d a ge ma t c h e d c on t r o l gr o u p o f 1 4 n o n - ADHD a d u l t s n o t t aki n g t h e fo r m ul a w er e a ssessed o n t he s a m e te s ts 8
we e ks apart i n ord e r t o in v e s t iga t e t h e imp a c t of p r a c t i c e o n t h e r esul t s.

Result:

Th e re we re no gr ou p d if f e r e n c e s in e t h n ic it y , so c i o - ec o n o m i c st at us an d est i m at ed I Q . Si g n i fi c a n t i m p r o v em en t wa s obs e r ve d
in t h e ADHD g roup, b u t n o t t h e c on t r o l gr o u p , a c r os s a r an g e o f v er b a l ab i l i t i es i n c l u d i n g v er b al l ear n i n g , v er b a l c o g n i t i ve
fle x i bi li ty and flue n c y , a n d v e r b a l in h ib it ion . T h e s e n eu r o c o g n i t i v e i m p r o v em en t s w er e l a r g e a n d c o n si st en t w i t h i m prove d
psych i atri c functi on in g. N o c h a n ge s we r e n o t e d a b o v e a p r a c t i c e effec t i n v i su a l -sp a t i a l m em o r y an d t h er e w er e n o i m prove m e n ts
not e d i n re acti on time , wo r k in g me mor y o r r a p id n a m i n g fo r ei t h er g r o up s.

Conclusion:

Alth oug h t h e p il o t a n d o p e n l a b e l d e s ign o f t h e st u d y l i m i t s t h e g en er a l i za b i l i t y o f t h e r esul t s, i t su p p o r t s a g r owi n g

b ody of li te rature r e c ogn iz in g t h e imp o r t a n c e o f n u t r i en t s fo r m en t al h eal t h an d c o g n i t i o n . T h e r esu l t s al so p r o v i d e e vi de n c e
s upporti ng th e ne ed f or r a n d o miz e d c l in ic a l t r ia l s o f m i c r o n ut r i en t s a s w el l as o t h er exp er i m en t a l st ud i es i n o r d er to be tte r a s s e s s
wh e th e r i mprove d n e u r o c o gn it iv e f u n c t ion in g ma y c o n t r i b u t e t o i m p r o v ed p sy c h i at r i c sy m p t o m s.

1 7 . Ruck lid ge J J , B lampi e d N M

Post-earthquake psychological functioning in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disord er: Positive

effects of micronutrients on resilience
New Z ea la n d J our n al o f P s y c h o l o g y , 4 0( 4 ) : 5 1-57

AB STR A CT
T he Se pte mbe r, 2 0 10 , 7 . 1 ma gn it u d e e a r t h q u a k e in C h r i st c h u r c h , N ew Zeal an d , p r o v i d ed a n o p p o r t u n i t y t o st ud y t h e a f te r - e f f e c t s
of a m ajor e arth q ua k e w h e r e d e a t h a n d in j u r y we r e a b sen t . I t c r eat ed a n a t ur al exp er i m en t i n t o t h e p r o t ec t i v e effe c t s on we llb ei ng of taki ng Trueh o p e E M Po w e r p l u s , a mic r o n u t r i en t sup p l em en t , i n a g r o up o f 3 3 a d u l t s d i a g n o sed w i t h ADHD who ha d be e n
asse sse d pri or to th e e a r t h q u a k e . For t u it o u s l y , 16 w er e c u r r en t l y t a ki n g t h e sup p l em en t as p a r t o f o n -g o i n g r esear c h a t t he ti m e
of th e q uake , wh i le 17 we r e n o t (t h e y h a d c omp l e t e d t h ei r t r i al o f T r ueh o p e E M P o w er p l u s o r w er e w ai t i n g t o b eg i n c on s u m pti on ).
T he De pre ssi on Anx ie t y a n d S t r e s s S c a l e (D A S S - 42 ) w h i c h h ad b een a d m i n i st er ed a t v ar y i n g t i m es b efo r e t h e ear t hqu a ke
on re crui tme nt i nto t h e mic r o n u t r ie n t s t u d y w a s r e -a d m i n i st er ed b y t el ep h o n e 7 -1 0 a n d a g a i n 1 4 -1 8 d ay s p o st - ear t hqu a ke to
volunte e r, e arth q ua k e - e x p os e d p a r t ic ip a n t s . A mo d i fi ed Br i n l ey p l o t a n a l y si s o f t h e i n d i v i d ua l DASS-4 2 sc o r es sh o w e d t ha t t he 1 6
par ti ci pants on th e n u t r it ion a l s u p p l e me n t w e r e mo r e r esi l i en t t o t h e effec t s o f t h e ea r t h q ua ke t h an t h e 1 7 i n d i v i d ua ls n ot t a ki n g
the supple me nt. Th is e f f e c t wa s p a r t ic u l a r l y ma r k ed fo r Dep r essi o n sc o r es.

1 8 . Ruck lid ge J J , J oh nstone J , H a r r is o n R, B oggis A

Micronutrients reduce stress and anxiety following a 7.1 earthquake in adults with Attention-Deficit/
Hyperactivity Disorder
Psyc h ia t ry R es ear c h , 18 9 : 28 1-8 7 . d o i : 10. 1016 /j . p sychr e s. 20 11. 0 6 . 0 16

AB STR A CT
T he role of g ood nu t r it ion f o r r e s il ie n c e in t h e f a c e o f st r ess i s a t o p i c o f i n t er est , b u t d i ffi c u l t t o st ud y . A 7 .1 ear t h q ua ke t ook pla c e
in t h e m i dst of re sea r c h on a mic r on u t r ie n t t r e a t men t fo r At t en t i o n - Defi c i t / Hy p er ac t i v i t y Di so r d er ( ADHD) , p r o v i d i n g a u n i qu e
op portuni ty to e x amin e wh e t h e r in d iv id u a l s w it h A DHD t aki n g m i c r o n ut r i en t s d em o n st r at ed m o r e em o t i o n al r esi l i en c e pos tearth q uake th an i nd iv id u a l s w it h A D H D n ot t a k in g m i c r o n u t r i en t s. T h i r t y -t h r ee ad u l t s w i t h ADHD w er e assessed t w i c e f ollowi n g the
earth q uake usi ng a me a s u r e of d e p r e s s io n , a n x ie t y a n d st r ess a l so c o m p l et ed at so m e p o i n t p r e- ear t h q ua ke ( b asel in e ). S e ve n te e n
were not taki ng m ic r on u t r ie n t s a t t h e t ime of t h e e a r t h q ua ke ( c o n t r o l g r o u p ) , 1 6 w er e ( m i c r o n u t r i en t g r o u p ) . W h i l e t he r e we re n o
b etwe e n-g roup di f f e r e n c e s o n e we e k p os t - q u a k e (T i m e 1 ) , a t t w o w eeks p o st - q u a ke ( T i m e 2 ) , t h e m i c r o n ut r i en t g r o u p re por te d
signi fi cantly le ss an x ie t y a n d s t r e s s t h a n t h e c on t r o l s ( effec t si ze 0 .69 ) . T h ese b et w een g r o up d i ffer en c es c o ul d n o t be e x pla i n e d
b y oth e r v ari able s, s u c h a s p r e - e a r t h q u a k e me a s u res o f em o t i o n s, d em o g r ap h i c s, p sy c h i a t r i c st a t us, an d p er so n a l l os s or da m a g e
followi ng th e e arth q u a k e . T h e r e s u l t s s u gge s t mic r o n u t r i en t s m ay i n c r ea se r esi l i en c e t o o n g o i n g st r ess an d a n xi et y a s s oc i a te d wi th
a h i g h ly stre ssful e v e n t in in d iv id u a l s wit h A D H D a n d a r e c o n si st en t w i t h c o n t r o l l ed st ud i es sh o w i n g b en efi t o f m i c r on u tri e n t s f or
me ntal h e alth .

1 9 . S imps on J SA, C rawford SG , G ol d s t e in E T , Fie l d C , B u r ge s s E ,

Kaplan BJ

Safety and tolerability of a complex micronutrient formula used in mental health: A compilation of eight
datasets
B M C P sy c h ia t ry , 11: 6 2
htt p:/ / www.b iom e d c e n t r al . c o m /14 7 1-24 4 X /11/6 2

AB STR A CT
Background:

Th e ore tic a l l y , c on s u mp t ion of c omp l e x , m ul t i n ut r i en t fo r m u l at i o n s o f v i t a m i n s an d m i n er a l s sh o u l d b e saf e , a s m os t

preparati ons conta in p r ima r il y t h e n u t r ie n t s t h a t h a v e b een i n t h e h u m an d i et fo r m i l l en n i a, a n d a t sa fe l ev el s as d ef i n e d by the
D ie tary Re fe re nce In t a k e s . H owe v e r , t h e s a f e t y p r o fi l e o f c o m m er c i al fo r m u l ae m a y d i ffer fr o m fo o d s b ec a u se o f t he a m ou n t s a n d
combi nati ons of nut r ie n t s t h e y c o n t a in . A s t h e s e c o m p l ex fo r m ul ae ar e b ei n g st u d i ed a n d u sed c l i n i c al l y w i t h i n c r ea s i n g f r e qu e n c y,
the re i s a ne e d for d ir e c t e v a l u a t io n o f s a f e t y a n d t o l er ab i l i t y .

Objec tive:

Th e ai m of t h is p r oj e c t w a s t o c o mp il e a l l kn o w n safet y an d t o l er a b i l i t y d a t a c o l l ec t ed o n o n e c o m p l ex n u t ri e n t f orm u la .

Data Sources and Results:

D a t a w e r e a s s e mb l e d f r o m a l l t h e kn o w n p ub l i sh ed an d u n p ub l i sh ed st ud i es fo r t h e c o mple x f orm u la
with th e larg e st amou n t o f p u b l is h e d r e s e a r c h in m en t a l h eal t h . Bi o l o g i c a l sa fet y d at a fr o m 1 4 4 c h i l d r en a n d a d u l t s we re a va i la ble
f rom si x source s: th e r e we r e n o oc c u r r e n c e s of c l in i c al l y m ea n i n g fu l n eg a t i v e o ut c o m es/ effec t s o r ab n o r m a l b l o o d t e s ts tha t c ou ld
b e attri bute d to tox ic it y . A d v e r s e e v e n t (A E ) in f or m at i o n fr o m 1 5 7 c h i l d r en a n d a d u l t s w a s av a i l a b l e fr o m si x st u d i es e m ployi n g
the curre nt v e rsi on of t h is f o r mu l a , a n d on l y min o r , t r a n si t o r y r ep o r t s o f h ead a c h e an d n a u sea em er g ed . On l y o n e of t he s t u di e s
pe rm i tte d a di re ct c omp a r is o n b e t we e n mic r o n u t r i en t t r ea t m en t a n d m ed i c a t i o n : n o n e o f t h e 88 p ed i a t r i c a n d a d u lt pa r ti c i pa n ts
had any cli ni cally m e a n in gf u l a b n or ma l l a b o r a t or y v al ues, b u t t o l er ab i l i t y d a t a i n t h e g r o up t r ea t ed w i t h m i c r o n u t ri e n ts re ve a led
s igni fi cantly fe we r A E s a n d l e s s w e igh t ga in .

Conclusions:

Th i s comp il a t ion of s a f e t y a n d t ol e r a b il i t y d a t a i s r ea ssu r i n g w i t h r esp ec t t o t h e b r o a d sp ec t r u m ap p r o ac h t ha t

employs comple x n u t r ie n t f o r mu l a e a s a p r ima r y t r eat m en t .

2 0 . Rucklid g e J J , Taylor MR, Wh it e h e a d K A

Impact of a micronutrient formula on ADHD and mood dysregulation in adults with ADHD: Evidence from an
8-week open label trial with natural follow-up
Jou r n a l of Atten t i o n D i s o r d e r s , 2011; 15 ( 1) : 7 9 -9 1

AB STR A CT
Objec tive:

To i nve sti ga t e t h e imp a c t o f a 36 - in gr e d ien t m i c r o n u t r i en t fo r m u l a c o n si st i n g m ai n l y o f m i n er al s a n d v i t a m i n s i n t he

tre atm e nt of adults wit h b ot h A t t e n t ion - d e f ic it /h y p er ac t i v i t y Di so r d er ( ADHD) a n d sev er e m o o d d y sr eg ul at i o n ( SMD ).

Method:

14 m e di cati on - f r e e a d u l t s (9 me n , 5 w o me n ; 18-5 5 y ear s) w i t h ADHD an d SM D c o m p l et ed an 8- w eek o p en -l ab e l t ri a l.

Result:

A mi nori ty re p o r t e d t r a n s it or y mil d s id e e f f e c t s. Si g n i fi c a n t i m p r o v em en t s w er e n o t ed a c r o ss i n fo r m a n t s ( sel f, obs e r ve r,

clini ci an) on m e asu r e s of in a t t e n t ion a n d h y p e r a c t i v i t y / i m p ul si v i t y , m o o d , q u a l i t y o f l i fe, a n xi et y , a n d st r ess a l l w i t h m e di u m to
ve ry larg e e ffe ct si z e s (a l l p s < . 0 1) ; h o w e v e r , t h e m ean o f i n a t t en t i o n r em a i n ed i n a c l i n i c al r a n g e w h er ea s t h e m ea n s on m e a s u r e s
of mood and h ype r a c t iv it y /imp u l s iv it y we r e n o r ma l i zed . F o l l o w - u p d at a sh o w ed m ai n t en an c e o f c h an g es o r fu r t h er i m prove m e n t
for th ose wh o stay e d o n t h e mic r o n u t r ie n t s .

Conclusion:

Alth oug h t h is s t u d y , a s a n op e n t r ia l , d o es n o t i n i t sel f p r o v e effi c ac y , i t p r o v i d es p r el i m i n ar y ev i d en c e suppor ti n g the

need for a randomi z e d c l in ic a l t r ia l of mic r on u t r ie n t s a s t r ea t m en t fo r t h e m o r e c o m p l ex p r esen t a t i o n s o f ADHD.

2 1 . Rucklid g e J J , Gate ly D, K ap l a n B J

Database analysis of children and adolescents with Bipolar Disorder consuming a micronutrient formula
B M C P sy c h ia t ry , 10: 7 4 . d o i : 10. 118 6 /14 7 1-24 4 X -10-74
htt p:/ / www.b iom e d c e n t r al . c o m /c o n t e n t /p d f /1471-244X-10 -74. pd f

AB STR A CT
Background:

E le ve n p r e v io u s r e p or t s h a v e s h own p oten t i al b en efi t o f m i c r o n ut r i en t t r ea t m en t fo r p sy c h i at r i c sy m p t om s . The c u rre n t

study aske d wh e th e r c h il d r e n (7 - 18 y e a r s ) w it h p e di a t r i c b i p o l ar d i so r d er ( P BD) b en efi t ed fr o m t h e sa m e m i c r o n u t r i en t f orm u la ; the
imp act of Atte nti on - D e f ic it /H y p e r a c t iv it y D is or d e r ( ADHD) o n t h ei r r esp o n se w a s al so ev al ua t ed .

Method:

Data we re av a il a b l e f r o m 12 0 c h il d r e n wh o s e p a r en t s r ep o r t ed a d i ag n o si s o f P BD; 7 9 % w er e t aki n g p sy c h i a t r i c m e di c a t i on s

that are use d to trea t mood d is or d e r s ; 2 4% w e r e a l so r ep o r t ed as ADHD. U si n g L ast Ob ser v at i o n Car r i ed F o r w ar d ( LOC F ), da t a
were analyz e d from 3 t o 6 mon t h s o f mic r o n u t r ie n t u se.

Result:

At LOC F, m e an s y mp t om s e v e r it y o f b ip ol a r s y m p t o m s w as 4 6% l o w er t h an b a sel i n e ( effec t si ze ( E S) = 0 .7 8) ( p < 0. 001 ). In

term s of re sponde r s t a t u s , 46 % e x p e r ie n c e d > 50 % i m p r o v em en t at L OCF , w i t h 3 8% st i l l t a ki n g p sy c h i a t r i c
me di cati on ( 52 % dro p f r om b a s e l in e ) b u t a t mu c h l o w er l ev el s ( 7 4 % r ed u c t i o n i n n u m b er o f m ed i c a t i o n s b ei n g
use d from base li ne) . T h e r e s u l t s w e r e s imil a r f or t h o se w i t h b o t h ADHD an d P BD: a 4 3 % d ec l i n e i n P BD sy m p t o m s
(ES = 0. 72 ) and 40% in A D H D s y mp t oms (E S = 0 . 6 2 ) . An a l t er n a t i v e sa m p l e o f c h i l d r en w i t h just ADHD sy m p t o m s

(n = 41) sh owe d a 4 7 % r e d u c t io n in s y mp t o ms f r om b asel i n e t o L OCF ( E S = 1 .0 4 ) . T h e d ur at i o n o f r ed uc t i o n s i n sy m p t om s e ve ri ty

s ug g e sts th at be ne f it s w e r e n o t a t t r ib u t a b l e t o p l ac eb o / exp ec t a n c y effec t s. Si m i l a r fi n d i n g s w er e fo u n d fo r y o u n g e r a n d olde r
childre n and for bot h s e x e s .

Conclusion:

Th e data a r e l imit e d b y t h e op e n l a b e l d esi g n , t h e l ac k o f a c o n t r o l g r o up , an d t h e i n h er en t sel f-sel ec t i o n bi a s . Whi le

the se data cannot e s t a b l is h e f f ic a c y , t h e r e s u l t s a r e c o n si st en t w i t h a g r o w i n g b o d y o f r esea r c h su g g est i n g t h a t m i cron u tri e n t s
app e ar to h ave th e r a p e u t ic b e n e f it f or c h il d r e n wit h P BD w i t h o r w i t h o ut ADHD i n t h e ab sen c e o f si g n i fi c an t si d e eff e c ts a n d m a y
allow for a re ducti o n in p s y c h ia t r ic me d ic a t io n s wh i l e i m p r o v i n g sy m p t o m s. T h e c o n si st en t r ep o r t i n g o f p o si t i v e c h an g e s a c ros s
multi ple si te s and c ou n t r ie s a r e s u b s t a n t ia l e n o u gh t o w a r r a n t a c al l fo r r an d o m i zed c l i n i c a l t r i a l s u si n g m i c r o n u t r i en ts .

2 2 . Rucklid g e J J , Harri son R

Successful treatment of Bipolar Disorder II and ADHD with a micronutrient formula: A case study
CN S Spec t ru ms , 15 ( 5 ) : 231-23 7

AB STR A CT
Bipolar di sorde r wit h c o - oc c u r r in g a t t e n t io n - d e f ic it / h y p er ac t i v i t y d i so r d er ( ADHD) i s a c h a l l en g e t o t r ea t . T en p r ev i ou s r e por ts
have sh own pote nt ia l b e n e f it o f a mic r o n u t r ie n t t r e at m en t ( c o n si st i n g m ai n l y o f v i t am i n s an d m i n er a l s) fo r v ar i o u s ps yc hi a tri c
s ymptom s, i ncludi n g mood a n d A D H D . T h is c a s e s t u dy a i m ed t o i n v est i g at e t h e l o n g er t er m i m p ac t o f t h e m i c r o n u t ri e n ts on both
ps ych i atri c and ne u r o c o gn it iv e f u n c t ion in g in a n o f f - o n - o ff- o n ( ABAB) d esi g n w i t h 1 -y ear fo l l o w -u p . A 2 1 -y ear -o l d fe m a le wi t h
b ip olar I I di sorde r, A D H D , s oc ia l a n x ie t y , a n d p a n ic d i so r d er en t er ed an o p en - l ab el t r i al usi n g a n u t r i t i o n al t r ea t m ent f ollowi ng
a docum e nte d 8 yea r h is t or y o f o n - goin g p s y c h ia t r i c sy m p t o m s n o t w el l m a n a g ed b y m ed i c at i o n s. Aft er 8 w eeks o n the f or m u la
s he sh owe d si g ni fi c a n t imp r ov e me n t s in mo o d , a n xi et y , an d h y p er a c t i v i t y / i m p u l si v i t y . Bl o o d t est r esu l t s r em a i n ed n orm a l a f t e r 8
we e ks on th e form u l a . S h e d id n ot r e p o r t a n y a d v e r se si d e effec t s asso c i a t ed w i t h t h e t r ea t m en t . Sh e t h en c h o se t o c om e of f the
f or mula; afte r 8 we e k s h e r d e p r e s s ion s c o r e s r e t u r n ed t o b asel i n e, an d a n xi et y a n d ADHD sy m p t o m s w o r sen ed . T h e f orm u la wa s
reintroduce d, sh ow in g gr a d u a l imp r o v e me n t in a l l p sy c h i at r i c sy m p t o m s. T h i s c ase r ep r esen t s a n a t ur al i st i c ABAB d e s i g n s howi n g
on-off control of sy mp t o ms . A f t e r 1 y e a r , t h e p a t ie n t i s n o w i n r em i ssi o n fr o m a l l m en t al i l l n ess. N eu r o c o g n i t i v e c h a n g e s m i r ror e d
b ehavi oral ch ang e s , s h o w in g imp r o v e d p r oc e s s in g s p eed , c o n si st en c y i n r esp o n se sp eed , a n d v er b a l m em o r y . A p l ac e bo r e s pon s e
and e x pe ctancy e ff e c t s c a n n ot b e r u l e d ou t a l t h o u g h p r ev i o us p o o r r esp o n se t o t r eat m en t a n d t h e d ur at i o n o f t h e c u r re n t
posi ti v e re sponse d e c r e a s e t h e l ik e l ih o o d t h a t ot h e r fac t o r s b et t er exp l ai n c h a n g e. T h ese c o n si st en t l y p o si t i v e o u t com e s a lon g s i de
an abse nce of si de e f f e c t s in d ic a t e t h a t f u r t h e r r e s ea r c h , p a r t i c u l ar l y l ar g er an d m o r e c o n t r o l l ed t r i a l s, i s w ar r a n t ed u s i n g t hi s
multi nutri e nt appro a c h .

2 3 . M ehl-M a drona L, Le ung B, K e n n e d y C , Pa u l S , K a p l a n B J

Micronutrients versus standard medication management in autism: A naturalistic case-control study

Jou r n a l of Ch ild an d A d o l e s c e n t P s y c h o p h ar m acol ogy, 20 (2):95 -10 3
htt p:/ / www.lieb e r t o n l i n e . c o m /d o i /p d f p l us /10 . 10 89/cap. 20 0 9. 0 0 11

AB STR A CT
A uti sm spe ctrum dis o r d e r (A S D ) is o f t e n a c c omp a n i ed b y sel f-i n jur i o u s b eh av i o r ( SI B) , ag g r essi o n , an d t an t r u m s, sy mptom s t ha t
have re porte dly i m p r ov e d wit h mic r on u t r ie n t (v it a m i n s an d m i n er a l s) t r ea t m en t . T h e c u r r en t st u d y t o o k ad v a n t ag e of n a t u r a lly
occurri ng di ffe re nc e s in p a r e n t a l p r e f e r e n c e s f o r t reat m en t a p p r o ac h es. T h e m i c r o n ut r i en t g r o u p asked fo r t r eat m e n t wi thou t
pha rmace uti cals ( n = 44 , a ge d 2 . 2 8 y e a r s a t e n t r y [M =8.3 9 +5 .5 8] ) . T h ei r r ec o r d s w er e m at c h ed w i t h t h o se o f 4 4 si m i l a r c hi ldre n
wh ose fam i li e s re qu e s t e d c on v e n t io n a l t r e a t me n t ( m ed i c at i o n g r o up ) . Bo t h g r o u p s i m p r o v ed o n b o t h t h e Ch i l d h o o d A u t i s m Ra t i n g
S cale and th e C h i ldh o o d Ps y c h ia t r ic Ra t in g S c a l e (a l l p v al ues <0 .0 0 0 1 ) . Bo t h g r o u p s a l so exh i b i t ed si g n i fi c an t d ec r e a s e s i n tot a l
A be rrant Be h avi or C h e c k l is t s c or e s , b u t t h e mic r on u t r i en t g r o u p s i m p r o v em en t w a s si g n i fi c an t l y g r ea t er ( p <0 .0 0 0 1 ). S IB In te n s i ty
was lowe r i n th e m ic r on u t r ie n t gr ou p a t t h e e n d of t h e st u d y ( p =0 .0 0 5 ) , an d i m p r o v em en t o n t h e Cl i n i c a l Gl o b al I m pre s s i on s
s cale was g re ate r for t h e mic r o n u t r ie n t gr o u p (p = 0.0 0 2 9 ) . I t i s d i ffi c u l t t o d et er m i n e w h et h er t h e o b ser v ed c h a n g es we re e x e r te d
thr oug h i m prov e men t in mood d is or d e r or t h r o u gh a n i n d ep en d en t effec t o n a u t i st i c d i so r d er . T h er e w er e so m e ad va n ta g e s t o
tre atme nt wi th m i c r on u t r ie n t s : l o w e r a c t iv it y l e v e l , l ess so c i al w i t h d r a w al , l ess an g er , b et t er sp o n t a n ei t y w i t h t h e e x a m i n e r, le s s
irritabi li ty, lowe r i n t e n s it y S IB , ma r k e d l y f e w e r a d ver se ev en t s, a n d l ess w ei g h t g ai n . Ad v an t ag es o f m ed i c at i o n m an a g e m e n t we r e
insurance cove rag e , f e we r p il l s , a n d l e s s f r e q u e n t do si n g .

2 4 . G ately D, K aplan BJ

Database analysis of adults with bipolar disorder consuming a micronutrient formula

Cli n ic a l M edic in e : P s y c h i at r y , 4 : 3 -16
htt p:/ / la - pr ess.c o m /ar t i c l e . p h p ? ar t i c l e _ i d = 13 8 4

AB STR A CT
Background:

Bi polar d is or d e r is a l if e l on g p r ob l e m wi t h i m p er fec t av a i l a b l e t r eat m en t s. R ec en t r esea r c h h a s sh o w n pote n t i a l be n e f i t

of nutri ti onal tre at me n t f o r mood s y mp t o ms . T h e go al o f t h e c u r r en t st u d y w as t o d et er m i n e w h et h er a d u l t s w i t h bi pola r di s orde r
reporte d tre atm e n t b e n e f it f r om c o n s u min g a mic r o n ut r i en t fo r m u l a.

Method:

Se lf-re port da t a w e r e a v a il a b l e f r om 6 8 2 a d ul t s w h o r ep o r t ed a d i ag n o si s o f b i p o l ar d i so r d er ; 81 % w er e
taki ng psych i atri c me d ic a t io n s . T h o s e r e p or t in g a d di t i o n a l d i a g n o ses w er e exc l ud ed , as w el l as t h o se w h o

10

prov i de d data <6 0 t ime s d u r in g 18 0 d a y s of u s in g t h e m i c r o n ut r i en t s, l ea v i n g 3 5 8 fo r an a l y si s.

Result:

Me an symptom s e v e r it y wa s 41% l o w e r t h a n b a sel i n e aft er 3 m o n t h s ( effec t si ze = 0 .7 8) , an d 4 5 % l o w er aft er 6 m on ths (e f f e c t

size = 0. 76 ) ( both p a ir e d t - t e s t s s ign if ic a n t , p < 0 . 0 01 ) . I n t er m s o f r esp o n d er st at us, 5 3 % exp er i en c ed > 5 0 % i m p r o v em e n t a t 6
month s. Half th e sa mp l e we r e t a k in g me d ic a t io n s a p p r o v ed fo r b i p o l a r d i so r d er ( l i t h i um , an t i c o n v ul sa n t s, a t y p i c a l an t i ps yc hot i c s ),
and h alf we re e i th er me d ic a t ion - f r e e or t a k in g ot h e r m ed i c a t i o n s: t h e m ag n i t u d e o f t r eat m en t b en efi t d i d n o t d i ffe r be t we e n
the se two g roups. Re gr e s s io n a n a l y s e s in d ic a t e d t ha t d ec r eased sy m p t o m sev er i t y o v er t h e 6 m o n t h s w a s asso c i a t e d wi th
incre asi ng m i cronut r ie n t d os a ge a n d wit h r e d u c in g m ed i c at i o n . Sy m p t o m i m p r o v em en t s w er e si g n i fi c an t an d sust a i n e d a t 6
month s, sug g e sti ng t h a t b e n e f it s w e r e n o t a t t r ib u t a b l e t o p l a c eb o / exp ec t a n c y effec t s.

Conclusion:

Furth e r r e s e a r c h on t h is mic r on u t r ie n t f o r m ul a i s w ar r a n t ed .

2 5 . R ucklid g e J J

Successful treatment of OCD with a micronutrient formula following partial response to CBT: A case study
Jou r n a l of An xiet y D i s o r d e r s , 23: 8 3 6 . 8 4 0

AB STR A CT
Obse ssi v e C om puls iv e D is or d e r (O C D ) a f f e c t s 0 . 5. 2% o f y o u n g p eo p l e m a n y o f w h o m a r e r esi st a n t t o c o n v en t i o n a l tr e a tm e n t s . Thi s
case study de scri be s a n 18 - y e a r - o l d ma l e w it h O C D w h o fi r st un d er w en t c o g n i t i v e b eh a v i o r a l t h er ap y ( CBT ) fo r a 1 -ye a r pe r i od
wit h a mode st re sp o n s e (h is O C D h a d s h if t e d f r om sev er e t o m o d er at e) . W i t h i n a y ear , h i s a n xi et y h ad d et er i o r a t ed ba c k t o the
s eve re rang e and h e n o w h a d ma j or d e p r e s s ion . H e t h en en t er ed a n ABAB d esi g n t r i a l usi n g a n u t r i t i o n al fo r m u l a c o n s i s t i n g m a i n ly
of m i ne rals and v i t a min s (t o ge t h e r , k n own a s mic r o n u t r i en t s) . Aft er 8 w eeks o n t h e fo r m ul a, h i s m o o d w as st ab i l i zed, hi s a n x i e ty
reduce d, and h i s obs e s s ion s w e r e in r e mis s io n . T h e t r eat m en t w as t h en d i sc o n t i n ued fo r 8 w eeks, d ur i n g w h i c h t i m e hi s obs e s s i on s
and anx i e ty worse n e d a n d h is mood d r o p p e d . Re in t r o d uc t i o n o f t h e fo r m u l a a g a i n i m p r o v ed t h e sy m p t o m s. T h i s c a s e i llu s t ra t e s
the i m portance of c o n s id e r in g t h e e f f e c t mic r on u t r i en t s h av e o n m en t a l i l l n ess.

2 6. F razier E A, Fri stad M, Arn ol d L E

Multinutrient Supplement as Treatment: Literature Review and Case Report of a 12-year-old Boy with Bipolar
Disorder
Jou r n a l of Ch ild an d A d o l e s c e n t P s y c h o p h ar m acol ogy, 19:45 3 -46 0

AB STR A CT
Ear ly-onse t bi polar d is o r d e r h a s s ign if ic a n t mo r b id i t y an d m o r t al i t y . Dev el o p m en t o f sa fe, effec t i v e t r eat m en t s t o whi c h pa t i e n ts
will adh e re i s cri ti c a l . Ph a r ma c o l o gic in t e r v e n t io n s fo r c h i l d h o o d b i p o l ar sp ec t r um d i so r d er s ar e l i m i t ed a n d a r e a ssoc i a t e d
wit h si g ni fi cant ri sk f or a d v e r s e e v e n t s (K o w a t c h et al 2 0 0 5 ) . Di et a n d n u t r i t i o n r esear c h su g g est s v i t a m i n s, m i n er als , a n d other
nutri e nts are i mport a n t u n d e r p in n in gs of ge n e r a l p h y si c a l an d m en t al h eal t h ; fu r t h er , t h ey m ay ev en b e useful i n t r e a ti n g m ood
d y sre g ulati on by pr ov id in g a mo r e f a v o r a b l e r is k - b en efi t r at i o t h a n c o n t em p o r a r y p sy c h o t r o p i c a g en t s ( K a p l a n , Cr a wf ord, F i e ld, &
S impson 2 007). Th i s a r t ic l e r e v ie w s t h e l it e r a t u r e o n m ul t i n ut r i en t su p p l em en t at i o n a n d m en t al h eal t h , an d exa m i n e s a c a s e s tu dy
of a 12 -ye ar-old boy w it h b ip o l a r d is or d e r a n d c o m o r b i d d i ag n o ses t r ea t ed fo r 6 y ea r s w i t h c o n v en t i o n a l m ed i c at i on a n d f i n a lly a
multi nutri e nt supple me n t .
T he multi nutri e nt su p p l e me n t in t h is c a s e s t u d y is Tr ueh o p e E M P o w er p l u s, a 3 6-i n g r ed i en t sup p l em en t c o n t ai n i n g s i x te e n
mine rals, fourte e n v it a min s , t h r e e a min o a c id s a n d t h r ee a n t i o xi d a n t s. I t w a s used t o t r ea t a 1 2 - y ear -o l d b o y i n i t i al ly di a g n os ed
wit h bi polar di sorde r - n ot o t h e r wis e s p e c if ie d (B P- N OS) at ag e 6, w h o se d i ag n o si s ev o l v ed b y a g e 1 0 t o b i p o l ar I ( BP -I), m i x e d,
wit h psych oti c fe at u r e s . H e a l s o me t c r it e r ia f or ge n er a l i zed an xi et y d i so r d er b y ag e 8 an d o b sessi v e- c o m p ul si v e di s orde r by
age 10. Afte r si x yea r s o f c o n v e n t ion a l t r e a t me n t (a g es 6-1 2 ) , h e r ec ei v ed fo u r t een m o n t h s o f T r u eh o p e E M P o w er p lu s . S ym pt om
mani fe stati on ov e r s e v e n y e a r s is d e s c r ib e d in c on ju n c t i o n w i t h t r ea t m en t h i st o r y . T r ueh o p e E M P o w er p l u s r esu l t e d i n s u pe r i or
outcome to conve n t ion a l t r e a t me n t . T h is r e p o r t a d d s t o a c c u m ul at i n g p r el i m i n ar y ev i d en c e t h a t fu r t h er b asi c sc i enc e a n d c li n i c a l
s tudi e s of m ulti nut r ie n t s u p p l e me n t s a r e wa r r a n t e d .

2 7 . Kaplan BJ , Fi sh e r J E , C rawf or d S G , Fie l d C J, K o l b B

Improved mood and behavior during treatment with a mineral-vitamin supplement: An open-label case
series of children
Jou r n a l of Ch ild an d A d o l e s c e n t P s y c h o p h ar m acol ogy, 14(1), 115 -122

AB STR A CT
S eve ral studi e s h ave d e mo n s t r a t e d t h a t p s y c h ia t r i c sy m p t o m s suc h a s d ep r essi o n , m o o d sw i n g s, an d a g g r essi o n m a y be
ame li orate d by sup p l e me n t a t io n w it h b r oa d - b a s e d n u t r i en t fo r m u l as c o n t ai n i n g v i t a m i n s, m i n er al s, a n d so m et i m es e s s e n ti a l
f at ty aci ds. Th e se fin d in gs h a v e b e e n r e p o r t e d in y o un g c r i m i n al o ffen d er s as w el l as i n a d u l t s w i t h m o o d d i st ur b an c e a n d ot he r
ps ych i atri c di sorde r s . T h e p u r p o s e of t h e c u r r e n t c a se ser i es w as t o exp l o r e t h e p o t en t i a l effi c a c y o f a n u t r i en t su pple m e n t i n
childre n. C h i ldre n w it h mood a n d b e h a v ior a l p r o b l em s ( N = 1 1 ; 7 b o y s, 4 g i r l s; 8.1 5 y ear s o l d ) p ar t i c i p a t ed ; 9 c o m p l ete d thi s ope n labe l tri al. P are nts c o mp l e t e d t h e C h il d B e h a v ior C hec kl i st ( CBCL ) , Y o u t h Ou t c o m e Q u est i o n n a i r e ( Y OQ ) , a n d
Y oung Mani a Rati ng S c a l e (YM RS ) a t e n t r y a n d f ol l o w i n g at l east 8 w eeks o f t r ea t m en t . I n t en t -t o -t r eat an a l y ses
reve ale d de cre ase s o n t h e YO Q (p < 0 . 0 0 1) a n d t h e Y M R S ( p < 0 .0 1 ) fr o m b asel i n e t o fi n a l v i si t . F o r t h e 9
comple te rs, i m prov e me n t w a s s ign if ic a n t o n s e v e n o f t h e ei g h t CBCL sc al es, t h e Y OQ , a n d t h e Y M R S ( p v al ues

11

f ro m 0. 05. 0. 001). E f f e c t s iz e s f o r a l l ou t c o me me a s u r es w er e r el a t i v el y l ar g e. T h e fi n d i n g s su g g est t h at fo r m a l c l i n i ca l t ri a ls of

b road nutri ti onal sup p l e me n t a t io n a r e wa r r a n t e d in c h i l d r en w i t h t h ese p sy c h i at r i c sy m p t o m s.

2 8 . Kaplan BJ , C rawford SG, G a r d n e r B , Fa r r e l l y G

Treatment of mood lability and explosive rage with minerals and vitamins: Two case studies in children
Jou r n a l of Ch ild an d A d o l e s c e n t P s y c h o p h ar m acol ogy, 12(3 ), 20 3 -218

AB STR A CT
A mi cronutri e nt sup p l e me n t c o n t a in in g a b r o a d r a n g e o f d i et ar y m i n er al s a n d v i t a m i n s i s b ei n g exam i n ed fo r t h e t r e a t m e n t of
mood labi li ty i n bot h a d u l t s a n d c h il d r e n (K a p l a n e t al . 2 0 0 1 ; P o p p er 2 0 0 1 ) . Du r i n g p i l o t w o r k, t w o m ed i c a t i o n - fr ee boys wi t h m ood
labi li ty and e x plosi v e r a ge we r e s t u d ie d in a n o p e n - l ab el t r eat m en t fo l l o w ed b y r ev er sa l an d r et r eat m en t . On e c h i ld wa s a n
8-ye ar-old wi th atyp ic a l ob s e s s iv e - c omp u l s iv e d is o r d er , a n d t h e o t h er w a s a 1 2 - y ear -o l d w i t h p er v a si v e d ev el o p me n ta l de la y.
Bot h boys we re mo n it or e d u s in g t h e mo o d a n d t e m p er i t em s fr o m t h e Co n n er s P ar en t R at i n g Sc a l e, a s w el l as t h e C hi ld Be ha vi or
Che ckli st. I n addi ti o n , t h e b oy w it h a t y p ic a l ob s e s s i v e- c o m p ul si v e d i so r d er w a s m o n i t o r ed w i t h t h e c h i l d v er si o n o f the Ya le Bro wn O bse ssi ve C o mp u l s iv e S c a l e . B ot h b o y s b e n efi t ed fr o m t h e m i c r o n ut r i en t su p p l em en t w h en exa m i n ed i n ABAB de s i g n s :
mood, ang ry outbu r s t s , a n d ob s e s s ion a l s y mp t o ms i m p r o v ed w h en i n i t i a l l y t r eat ed , r et ur n ed w h en n o t t aki n g t h e supple m e n t , a n d
remi tte d wh e n th e mic r o n u t r ie n t s u p p l e me n t wa s rei n t r o d u c ed . Bo t h b o y s h av e b een fo l l o w ed a n d a r e st a b l e o n t he n u tri ti on a l
s upple me nt for ov e r 2 y e a r s . T h e s e c a s e s s u gge s t t h at m o o d l ab i l i t y a n d exp l o si v e r a g e c a n , i n so m e c ases, b e m an a g e d wi t h a
mix ture of bi olog i c a l l y a c t iv e min e r a l s a n d v it a min s, w i t h o u t usi n g l i t h i um o r o t h er t r a d i t i o n al p sy c h o p h ar m a c o l o g i c a g e n t s .

2 9 . S immon s M
Letter to the Editor

Jou r n a l of Clin ic a l P s y c h i at r y , 6 4 ( 3 ) : 3 38

AB STR A CT
In a le tte r to th e e d it o r of t h e Jo u r n a l o f C l in ic a l Ps y c h i a t r y , Dr . M i l es Si m m o n s, a p sy c h i at r i st i n p r i v at e p r a c t i c e i n Bru n s wi c k,
M ai ne , re porte d h i s c l in ic a l e x p e r ie n c e wit h T r u e h o p e E M P o w er p l u s. I m p r essed b y t h e st r i ki n g r esp o n se o f o n e o f hi s pa ti e n t s to
T rue h ope E MP owe r p l u s , D r . S immo n s c a r e f u l l y mo n i t o r ed t r eat m en t - r esi st a n t p a t i en t s fr o m h i s p r i v a t e p r a c t i c e w ho we re wi lli n g
to try th i s nutri ti on a l a p p r o a c h .

Result:

Of 19 pati e nts t h a t me t t h e D S M - IV c r it e r ia f o r b i p o l ar d i so r d er ( 1 4 b i p o l ar I a n d 5 b i p o l ar I I ) , Dr . Si m m o n s o b serve d tha t 1 2

of th e 19 pati e nts s h o w e d ma r k e d c l in ic a l imp r o v e m en t , 3 sh o w ed m o d er a t e i m p r o v em en t , a n d 1 sh o w ed m i l d i m p r ove m e n t
(84% posi ti ve re spo n s e r a t e ) . O f 16 me d ic a t e d p a t ie n t s ( w h o w er e t a ki n g 2 .7 p sy c h i a t r i c m ed i c a t i o n s o n av er a g e) 1 3 we r e a ble
to com ple te ly di sc o n t in u e t h e ir p s y c h ia t r ic me d ic at i o n s ( o v er an a v er a g e o f 5 .2 w eeks) h a d r em ai n ed st a b l e o n T r ue hope
EM P owe rplus alone f o r a n a v e r a ge o f 13 mo n t h s .

3 0. Kaplan BJ , Si mpson J SA, Fe r r e RC , G or ma n C , M c M u l l e n D ,

Crawford SG
Effective mood stabilization in bipolar disorder with a chelated mineral supplement
Jou r n a l of Clin ic a l P s y c h i at r y , 6 2( 12) : 9 36 -9 4 4

AB STR A CT
Background:

To de ter min e in op e n t r ia l s t h e t h e r a p e u t i c b en efi t o f a n u t r i t i o n al su p p l em en t fo r b i p o l a r d i so r d er .

Method:

Th e sample c o n s is t e d of 11 p a t ie n t s w it h D S M - I V - d i ag n o sed b i p o l ar d i so r d er a g ed 1 9 t o 4 6 y ea r s, w h o w er e t aki n g a m e a n

of 2. 7 psych otropi c me d ic a t ion s e a c h a t a s t u d y e n t r y . T h r ee a d d i t i o n al p a t i en t s d r o p p ed o ut p r em at ur el y . T h e i n t e rve n ti on i s
a broad-base d nutrit io n a l s u p p l e me n t of d ie t a r y n u t r i en t s, p r i m a r i l y c h el at ed t r a c e m i n er a l s a n d v i t a m i n s, ad m i n i st e r e d i n hi g h
d ose s. At study e nt r y a n d p e r io d ic a l l y t h e r e a f t e r , p at i en t s w er e assessed w i t h t h e Ha m i l t o n R a t i n g Sc a l e fo r Dep r e s s i on (H A M- D ),
the Bri e f P sych i atric Ra t in g S c a l e (B PRS ) , a n d t h e Yo u n g M a n i a R a t i n g Sc a l e ( Y M R S) .

Result:

For th ose wh o c omp l e t e d t h e min imu m 6 - mo n th o p en t r i a l , sy m p t o m r ed u c t i o n r a n g ed fr o m 5 5 % t o 66% o n t h e ou tc om e

me asure s; ne e d for p s y c h o t r o p ic me d ic a t io n s d e c r eased b y m o r e t h an 5 0 % . P ai r ed t t est s r ev ea l ed t r eat m en t b en ef i t on a ll
me asure s for pati e n t s c o mp l e t in g t h e t r ia l : H A M - D m ean sc o r e a t en t r y =1 9 .0 , m ea n sc o r e a t l a st v i si t = 5 .4 , t = 5 .5 9 , df = 9, p< . 01 ;
BPRS m e an score at e n t r y = 35. 3, me a n s c or e a t l a s t v i si t = 7 .4 , t = 2 .5 7 , d f = 9 , p < .0 5 ; Y M R S m ea n sc o r e a t en t r y = 1 5. 1 , m e a n s c ore
at last v i si t = 6 . 0, t = 4 . 11, d f = 9 , p < . 0 1. T h e e f f e c t s i ze fo r t h e i n t er v en t i o n w a s l a r g e ( > .80 ) fo r ea c h m ea sur e. T h e nu m be r of
psych otropi c m e di c a t io n s d e c r e a s e d s ign if ic a n t l y t o a m ea n SD o f 1 .0 1 .1 ( t = 3 .5 4 , d f = 1 0 , p < .0 1 ) . I n so m e c ases, the s u pple m e n t
replace d psych otro p ic me d ic a t io n s a n d t h e p a t ie n t s r em ai n ed w el l . T h e o n l y r ep o r t ed si d e effec t ( i .e. n au sea ) w a s i n f r e qu e n t ,
min or, and transi to r y .

Conclusion:

Som e cas e s o f b ip ol a r il l n e s s ma y b e a m el i o r a t ed b y n u t r i t i o n al su p p l em en t at i o n . A r an d o m i zed , p l ac eb o- c on trolle d

trial i n adults wi th b ip ol a r I d is o r d e r is c u r r e n t l y u n d er w ay , a s w el l as o p en t r i a l s i n c h i l d r en .

12

3 1. P opper C W

Do vitamins or minerals (apart from lithium) have mood-stabilizing effects? [Commentary]

Jou r n a l of Clin ic a l P s y c h i at r y , 6 2, 9 33 -9 35

AB STR A CT
Dr. C h arle s P oppe r, p s y c h o p h a r ma c ol ogis t a n d p s y c h i at r i st at Ha r v ar d U n i v er si t y s M c L ea n Ho sp i t al , p u b l i sh ed a c o mm e n t a r y on
the K aplan e t al. ( 2 0 0 1) p a p e r , in wh ic h h e r e p or t e d t h e r esu l t s o f h i s c l i n i c a l exp er i en c e w i t h T r ueh o p e E M P o w er plu s .

Result:

O f 2 2 pati e nts (10 a d u l t s , 9 a d ol e s c e n t s , 3 p r e - a d o l esc en t s) w h o c l i n i c al l y m et c r i t er i a fo r b i p o l ar d i so r d er , 1 9 ( 8 6 % ) s howe d a

posi ti v e re sponse t o t h e mic r on u t r ie n t t r e a t me n t . Of 1 5 p at i en t s t a ki n g m ed i c at i o n s, 1 1 ( 7 3 % ) w er e a b l e t o g r a d u a l l y wi thdr a w f r om
thei r m e di cati ons, a n d w e r e s t a b l e t a k in g t h e mic r o n ut r i en t t r ea t m en t a l o n e.

13