bi:Mtl xo kochubtctcngnocdi d.

Cho 2 htgingnhau,
mihttch1 intch q vnivo 2 ukhcnhaucal xo.
Cchtcgicnhcchnhau 1 khong d ricthracng 1 lc.
Hdaongtrnmtbnnmngangkhng ma st.L xo c 1 t ma
sttrongnnlmsdaonggimdn. Cchtsaudng rung
ngkhikhongcchgiachngl 3d. Gisrnghcal xo v 2
htintchlringbit. Hytmninngsinhratrongqutrnhdaongcal xo.
Ligii:
Thnng ban ul: U e =qV =q

ke q
d

Cuicng ta ctrngthicnbngchc. Tnglccal xo vccintchl:

Flx + Ft =k ( 2 d ) + q

Nn k =

keq

ke q

( 3 d )2

=0

18 d

Thnng trngthicuicngl:
2

k q 4 ke q
1 2
1 keq
k x + qV =
(2 d)2 +q e =
3
2
2 18 d
3d 9 d

Nnglngtiuhaochnhlninngcsinhravhringbit:
U + Eni =0
2

4 ke q k e q

+ E ni=0
9 d
d

Ninngcsinhral:
E n i =

2
5 keq
9 d