Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cpdmm012 - Multi Agri Cutter
Cpdmm012 - Multi Agri Cutter
Cpdmm012 - Multi Agri Cutter
PARENTS
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO
1
2
3
3.1
3.3
3.4
4
4.1
5
6
7
8
9
10
TITLE
Synopsis
List of figures
Introduction
Literature review
Description of equipments
Motor
Spur gear
Control unit
Design and drawing
Drawing for triangular advertisement display
Working principle
Merits & demerits
Applications
List of materials
Cost Estimation
Conclusion
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PHOTOGRAPHY
SYNOPSIS
SYNOPSIS
This is the new innovative and effective concept mainly used for
agricultural field. It is simple in construction and the working process is very easy.
And it is mostly used in the agricultural field for the cutting of crops, sugarcane,
wooden pieces and etc..,
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A motorized Multi Agri cutter is a machine that uses revolving blades, to
cut a garden land spaces, at an even length. Multi Agri cutters employing a blade
that rotates about a vertical axis are known as rotary cutters, while those
employing a blade assembly that rotates about a horizontal axis are known as
cylinder or reel cutters.
Many different designs have been made, each suited to a particular purpose.
The smallest types, pushed by a human, are suitable for small residential lawns
and gardens, while larger, self-contained, ride-on mowers are suitable for large
lawns, and the largest, multi-gang mowers pulled behind a tractor, are designed for
large expanses of Multi Agri such as golf courses and municipal parks.
LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
The first lawn mower(Multi Agri cutter) was invented by Edwin Budding in
1827 in Stroud, Gloucestershire. Budding's mower was designed primarily to cut
the lawn on sports grounds and expensive gardens, as a superior alternative to the
scythe, and was patented in 1830. It took ten more years and further innovations to
create a machine that could be worked by animals, and sixty years before a steampowered lawn mower was built. In an agreement between John Ferrabee and
Edwin Budding dated May 18, 1830, Ferrabee paid the costs of development,
obtained letters of patent and acquired rights to manufacture, sell and license other
manufacturers in the production of lawn mowers.
Thomas Green produced the first chain-driven mower in 1859. Manufacture
of lawn mowers began in the 1860s. By 1862, Farrabee's company was making
eight models in various roller sizes. He manufactured over 5000 machines until
production ceased in 1863. In 1870, Elwood McGuire of Richmond, Indiana
designed a human-pushed lawn mower, which was very lightweight and a
commercial success. John Burr patented an improved rotary-blade lawn mower in
1899, with the wheel placement altered for better performance. Amariah Hills
went on to found the Archimedean Lawn Mower Co. in 1871. Around 1900, one
of the best known English machines was the Ransomes' Automaton, available in
chain- or gear-driven models. JP Engineering of Leicester, founded after World
War I, produced a range of very popular chain driven mowers. About this time, an
operator could ride behind animals that pulled the large machines. These were the
first riding mowers.
The rise in popularity of lawn sports helped prompt the spread of the
invention. Lawn mowers became a more efficient alternative to the scythe and
domesticated grazing animals. James Sumner of Lancashire patented the first
steam-powered lawn mower in 1893. His machine burned petrol and/or kerosene
as fuel. After numerous advances, the machines were sold by the Stott Fertilizer
and Insecticide Company of Manchester and later, the Sumner's took over sales.
The company they controlled was called the Leyland Steam Motor Company.
Numerous manufacturers entered the field with gasoline-driven mowers after the
turn of the century. The first Multi Agri boxes were flat trays but took their present
shape in the 1860s. The roller-drive lawn mower has changed very little since
around 1930. Gang mowers, those with multiple sets of blades, were built in the
United States in 1919 by a Mister Worthington. His company was taken over by
the Jacobsen Corporation, but his name is still cast on the frames of their gang
units.
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS
CHAPTER III
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS
3.1. INDUCTION MOTOR
INDUCTION MOTOR (IM)
An induction motor (IM) is a type of alternating current motor where power
is supplied to the rotating device by means of electromagnetic induction. It is also
called asynchronous motor.
induction motor this power is induced in the rotating device. An induction motor is
conductors. This current interacts with the rotating magnetic field created by the
stator and in effect causes a rotational motion on the rotor.
However, for these currents to be induced, the speed of the physical rotor
and the speed of the rotating magnetic field in the stator must be different, or else
the magnetic field will not be moving relative to the rotor conductors and no
currents will be induced. If by some chance this happens, the rotor typically slows
slightly until a current is re-induced and then the rotor continues as before. This
difference between the speed of the rotor and speed of the rotating magnetic field
in the stator is called slip. It is unit less and is the ratio between the relative speed
of the magnetic field as seen by the rotor (the slip speed) to the speed of the
rotating stator field. Due to this an induction motor is sometimes referred to as an
asynchronous machine.
CONSTRUCTION
The stator consists of wound 'poles' that carry the supply current to induce a
magnetic field that penetrates the rotor. In a very simple motor, there would be a
single projecting piece of the stator (a salient pole) for each pole, with windings
around it; in fact, to optimize the distribution of the magnetic field, the windings
are distributed in many slots located around the stator, but the magnetic field still
has the same number of north-south alternations. The number of 'poles' can vary
between motor types but the poles are always in pairs (i.e. 2, 4, 6, etc.).
Induction motors are most commonly built to run on single-phase or threephase power, but two-phase motors also exist. In theory, two-phase and more than
three phase induction motors are possible; many single-phase motors having two
windings and requiring a capacitor can actually be viewed as two-phase motors,
since the capacitor generates a second power phase 90 degrees from the singlephase supply and feeds it to a separate motor winding. Single-phase power is more
widely available in residential buildings, but cannot produce a rotating field in the
motor (the field merely oscillates back and forth), so single-phase induction
motors must incorporate some kind of starting mechanism to produce a rotating
field. They would, using the simplified analogy of salient poles, have one salient
pole per pole number; a four-pole motor would have four salient poles. Threephase motors have three salient poles per pole number, so a four-pole motor would
have twelve salient poles. This allows the motor to produce a rotating field,
allowing the motor to start with no extra equipment and run more efficiently than a
similar single-phase motor.
THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF ROTOR
SQUIRREL-CAGE ROTOR
The most common rotor is a squirrel-cage rotor. It is made up of bars of either
solid copper (most common) or aluminum that span the length of the rotor, and are
connected through a ring at each end. The rotor bars in squirrel-cage induction
motors are not straight, but have some skew to reduce noise and harmonics.
SLIP RING ROTOR
A slip ring rotor replaces the bars of the squirrel-cage rotor with windings
that are connected to slip rings. When these slip rings are shorted, the rotor
Spur gears have their teeth parallel to the axis and are used for transmitting
power between two parallel shafts. They are simple in construction, easy to
manufacture and cost less. They have highest efficiency and excellent precision
rating. They are used in high speed and high load application in all types of trains
and a wide range of velocity ratios. Hence, they find wide applications right from
clocks, household gadgets, motor cycles, automobiles, and railways to aircrafts.
CHAPTER IV
DESIGN AND DRAWING
WORKING PRINCIPLE
CHAPTER V
WORKING PRINCIPLE
the cutter moves upward and downward direction the cutting process
is carrying out through this machine.
CHAPTER VI
MERITS & DEMERITS
MERITS
DE MERITS
It work at the time of giving power supply
Manpower need
APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER VII
APPLICATIONS
LIST OF MATERIALS
CHAPTER VIII
LIST OF MATERIALS
FACTORS DETERMINING THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS
The various factors which determine the choice of material are discussed
below.
1.PROPERTIES
The material selected must posses the necessary properties for the proposed
application. The various requirements to be satisfied
Can be weight, surface finish, rigidity, ability to withstand environmental
attack from chemicals, service life, reliability etc.
2. MANUFACTURING CASE
Sometimes the demand for lowest possible manufacturing cost or surface
qualities obtainable by the application of suitable coating substances may demand
the use of special materials.
3. QUALITY REQUIRED
This generally affects the manufacturing process and ultimately the
material. For example, it would never be desirable to go casting of a less number
of components which can be fabricated much more economically by welding or
hand forging the steel.
4. AVAILABILITY OF MATERIAL
Some materials may be scarce or in short supply, it then becomes obligatory
for the designer to use some other material which though may not be a perfect
substitute for the material designed. The delivery of materials and the delivery date
of product should also be kept in mind.
5. SPACE CONSIDERATION
Sometimes high strength materials have to be selected because the forces involved
are high and space limitations are there.
6. COST
As in any other problem, in selection of material the cost of material plays
an important part and should not be ignored.
Some times factors like scrap utilization, appearance, and non-maintenance
of the designed part are involved in the selection of proper materials.
LIST OF MATERIALS
SL. NO.
1
2
3
4
5
MATERIAL
MS
Electric
MS
MS
MS
QUANTITY
1
1
1
1
1
COST ESTIMATION
CHAPTER IX
COST ESTIMATION
1. MATERIAL COST:
SL. NO.
1
2
3
4
5
MATERIAL
MS
Electric
MS
MS
MS
QUANTITY
1
1
1
1
1
TOTAL
= 4050.00
2. LABOUR COST
Lathe, drilling, welding, drilling, power hacksaw, gas cutting cost
3. OVERGHEAD CHARGES
The overhead charges are arrived by manufacturing cost
Manufacturing Cost
Overhead Charges
4.TOTAL COST
Total cost
AMOUNT
= Rs. 6000.00
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER X
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Design data book
-P.S.G.Tech.
2. Pneumatic handbook
-R.H.warrning
4. Strength of Materials
-R.S.Kurmi
5. Manufacturing Technology
-M.Haslehurst.
- R.S.Kurumi
PHOTOGRAPHY
PHOTOGRAPHY
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
2.
3.
Follow the local rules and regulations for starting the industry.
4.
Apply for loans and others advance from banks and financial institution.
5.
Follows the formalities and procedure that need to be done for procuring
materials.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
electronic components and the other accessories are easily purchases from the near
town or city. Further the land price should be less.
3. Follow the Formalities and Procedures that need to be done for Procuring
the Material:
After receiving the quotation of the price of various items required for
manufacture they are inspected and they are directly procured from them.
Materials such as IC chips and other electronic components are purchased in bulk
quantity from wholesale merchant nearer to the industry. The other miscellaneous
materials like wires, soldering irons, leads etc., are purchases in bulk from a
dealer.
4.
Apply for Loans and Other Advances from Bank and Financial
institutions:
One of the essential requirements for self employment venture is capital
with the nationalization of major commercial banks the credit to small scale
industries is made available on priority.
The bank primarily looks to the soundness of your proposed point for
applying the loan for a small scale industry as given below.
1.
2.
From time to time the government of India notices list of small scale
industries which are to be discouraged.
3.
4.
5.
Never to start the unit without adequate investment. At the time of starting
the unit we should have sufficient money for starting and running the unit.
6.
7.
Before we finalize our arrangement for starting the unit, we have to get the
place approved by the corporation, municipality or panchayat authorities.
8.
The book will help us with finance but we will have to bear a part of the
finance.
9.
Normally the book provide assistance to small scale industries in the form
of:
aMedium term loans:
These are repayable within a period of 5 to 7 years in installment basis and
are granted for the purchase of land, constructions of factory buildings, purchasing
of machinery and for expansion. The security of the loans will be fixed on assets
of our concern, new machinery or equipment acquired for the loan.
b) Short term advances:
These are repayable on demand and are renewable. Advances both against
raw materials and finished goods, generally 70% to 80% of the value of good is
given as advance.
c)
Government of other reputed firms, supply bills are discounted by the bank.
d) When large orders have been secured by a small industrial unit, and are
required money to buy new materials, to employ and pay wages to additional
workers, clear advances up to a responsible extent are made by the bank in
deserving cases.
5.Margin Money:
No margin is to be maintained for loans up to Rs.25, 000/- for loans over
Rs.25, 000/- a margin of 15% may be stipulated, depending on the purpose and
term of the loan.
6.Preparation of documents:
For composite loans up to Rs.25, 000/- given to cottage and village
industries. Banks may have a security pledge, Collective security or third party
guarantee should not be taken. The same security applicable to credit limits up to
and inclusive of Rs.25,000/- given to other small scale industries, while for limits
over Rs.25,000/- banks may obtain security as determined by them on the merits
of each case. For advances for over Rs.25, 000/- collective security is inadequate.
1. Selection of Employees:
a. In order to assist the industry to manufacture the product the
following
personals are selected.
2. Electronic Engineers:
An Electronic Engineer with B>E qualification is selected after his
interview and looking at his experience. He has to supervise the entire work that
is done in the industry.
f.
Canara Bank.